| malaria transmission by anopheles subpictus (diptera: culicidae) in a new irrigation project in sri lanka. | indoor resting anopheles subpictus in a new irrigation scheme in sri lanka were investigated during 1989-1990 for malaria infection by dissection and elisa, and human feeding rates by elisa analysis of blood meals. indoor resting abundance was 22.3 females per house per 15-min catch in april-june 1989, 2.2 in november-december 1989, and 7.5 in april-june 1990. elisa-based malaria infection rates (plasmodium vivax and p. falciparum combined) were 1.4% during april-june and 3.2% during november-de ... | 1992 | 1495065 |
| evaluation of the water fern azolla microphylla for mosquito population management in the rice-land agro-ecosystem of south india. | the floating water fern azolla microphylla kaulfess was evaluated as a biocontrol agent against mosquitoes breeding in rice fields in tamil nadu, south india. anopheles subpictus grassi, culex pseudovishnui colless and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles were the predominant species of mosquitoes, with peak densities of late instar larvae and pupae occurring during the second week after transplantation of rice seedlings of short-term (c. 80 days from transplantation to harvest) or medium-term (c. 95 d ... | 1991 | 1768923 |
| evaluation of a microgel droplet formulation of bacillus sphaericus 1593 m (biocide-s) for control of mosquito larvae in rice fields in southern india. | a new microgel droplet formulation of bacillus sphaericus 1593 m (biocide-s) was tested at 2 rates against culicine vectors of japanese encephalitis and anopheles subpictus. a single application just after transplantation of rice seedlings prevented the buildup of anopheline as well as culicine populations, and gave 83-100% reduction of pupal density at the lower rate (2.2 kg/ha) and 87-100% reduction at the higher dosage (4.3 kg/ha) for at least 5 weeks. during the last 3 wk before harvest, den ... | 1991 | 1787400 |
| gel diffusion analysis of host preference pattern of anopheles subpictus in west bengal, india. | host preference pattern of anopheles subpictus was studied from cattlesheds and human dwellings of uttarpara, hooghly, west bengal using a modified gel diffusion technique. our results reveal that an subpictus is becoming less zoophagic in this area. | 1991 | 1822452 |
| a survey on indoor resting mosquito species in phnom penh, kampuchea. | indoor resting mosquitoes were collected in 7 localities (250 houses) of phnom penh at various periods. the mosquitoes were collected for 8 min in every house by means of an aspirator and net. a total of 16 species of mosquitoes resting in houses were found, one of them for the first time in kampuchea. culex quinquefasciatus was the predominant species in 6 of the localities observed; its predominance in houses was more or less evident; aedes aegypti prevailed in one locality. the percentage of ... | 1990 | 2370029 |
| breeding habitats of mosquitoes in goa. | studies carried out in goa from 1986 to 1987 revealed immature stages of 43 species of mosquitoes. breeding habitats were divided into three categories, viz., (i) ground water habitats consisting of ground pools and tanks, rocky pools, paddy fields and stream beds, yielding 30 species; (ii) plant habitats consisting of tree holes and fallen coconut shells and leaf sheaths yielding 20 species; and (iii) domestic/peridomestic habitats consisting of cement tanks, glass, earthen, metallic containers ... | 1989 | 2572463 |
| pesticide selection pressure on anopheles subpictus in sri lanka: comparison with two other sri lankan anophelines. | adult anopheles subpictus from sri lanka show a broad spectrum of resistance towards organophosphate insecticides but not to carbamates in contrast to the broad resistance to organophosphates and carbamates reported earlier for an. nigerrimus. in both species the frequency of resistance to malathion and fenitrothion increased between 1980 and 1987, despite the ban on agricultural use of these two compounds and the restriction of malathion to indoor residual spraying in malaria control since 1977 ... | 1989 | 2617615 |
| studies on the development of plasmodium vivax in anopheles subpictus. | | 1987 | 3330714 |
| experimental infection of anopheles subpictus larvae by coelomomyces indicus in vivo. | | 1987 | 3623646 |
| the salivary chromosomes of anopheles subpictus. | | 1973 | 4788365 |
| a note on anopheles subpictus grassi and a. indefinitus ludlow (diptera: culicidae). | | 1966 | 5986753 |
| control of anopheles subpictus breeding in backwaters of two coastal villages of pondicherry. | | 1984 | 6519720 |
| cytological and morphological evidence for sibling species in anopheles subpictus grassi. | | 1982 | 7142680 |
| pyrethroid-impregnated hessian curtains for protection against mosquitoes indoors in south india. | hessian curtains impregnated with deltamethrin 50 mg/m2 were hung in the eaves and doorways of eight one-roomed huts in madurai, tamil nadu state, south india. statistically significant reductions of indoor-resting and man-biting densities of the mosquitoes anopheles subpictus and culex quinquefasciatus were observed for 14 weeks, in two field trials. bioassays on curtains in the field showed over 50% mortality of cx quinquefasciatus and an.stephensi for up to 8 weeks. the curtains were highly a ... | 1995 | 7787225 |
| prevalence and seasonal distribution of anopheline fauna in district bikaner (rajasthan). | a survey was carried out during 1989-91 to study the prevalence and distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in 12 villages located in all the 4 tehsils of bikaner district. six species, viz. anopheles subpictus (34.7%), an. stephensi (33.3%), an. culicifacies (18.0%), an. annularis (12.1%), an. pulcherrimus (1.1%) and an. barbirostris (0.8%), were collected. an. stephensi was present throughout the year and the other species were present during the monsoon and post-monsoon periods. during the peak ... | 1993 | 8131880 |
| field evaluation of a microgel droplet formulation of bacillus sphaericus 1593m (biocide-s) against anopheles culicifacies and anopheles subpictus in south india. | a microgel droplet formulation of bacillus sphaericus 1593m (biocide-s) was field tested at two different doses viz, 0.22 and 0.43 g/m2 in casuarina pits against a malarial vector anopheles (cellia) culicifacies giles, and an. (cel.) subpictus grassi in coconut garden pits in the coastal areas of south india. both doses significantly reduced the abundance of late instars and pupae of an. culicifacies for 3 and 5 weeks respectively. a significant reduction was recorded in the abundance of late in ... | 1993 | 8266244 |
| anopheles subpictus complex: distribution of sibling species in sri lanka. | to determine the sibling species composition of an. subpictus complex in sri lanka polytene chromosomes of ovarian nurse cells were examined. samples of an. subpictus s.l. were collected from 65 of the 73 health areas surveyed. of 3095 ovaries collected 869 polytene chromosomes preparation were identified as sibling species a and 77 b. species b was present only in coastal localities of the island whereas species a was found both in coastal and inland areas with predominance in inland areas. thi ... | 1996 | 8952168 |
| metaphase karyotypes of anopheles of thailand and southeast asia. vi. the pyretophorus and the neomyzomyia series, subgenus cellia (diptera:culicidae). | a total of 6 species of the pyretophorus (4 species) and neomyzomyia (2 species) series of the subgenus cellia of anopheles were used for metaphase karyotype analysis. anopheles subpictus and an. vagus exhibit 4 and 2 forms of mitotic karyotypes, respectively, which are attributable to different types of y chromosomes. such distinctive mitotic chromosomes may reflect interspecies differences within each of these 2 taxa. two distinct species, an. indefinitus and an. sundaicus, show similar metaph ... | 1996 | 9046474 |
| biting rhythms of some anophelines in central gujarat. | a total of 41,552 anophelines comprising 16 species were collected during 70 all-night bovine-bait collection carried out in six villages of kheda district, gujarat. anopheles subpictus, an. varuna, an. culicifacies, an. stephensi and an. vagus had unimodal biting rhythms. most feeding occurred during the early night with occasional increase during pre-dawn/dawn hours. an. pallidus exhibited bimodal biting rhythm with two well-defined peaks. an. turkhudi, an. tessellatus, an. fluviatilis, an. ac ... | 1996 | 9125832 |
| age structure of anopheles subpictus (diptera:culicidae) collected by a light trap in halmahela, indonesia. | age structure of anopheles subpictus grassi was studied at a halmahela village, indonesia. ovary development of females reared with 2% sugar solution after emergence ceased at stage i and their ovary size remained small (mean length x width = 0.68 x 0.18 mm). females with such small ovaries occupied 21.2% of unfed stage i females in cattle-bait samples. the remaining unfed stage i or ii females had cleary larger ovaries (mean 1.17 x 0.39 mm). unfed stage i or ii females collected by the outdoor ... | 1995 | 9139391 |
| virus isolation from wild-caught mosquitoes during a japanese encephalitis outbreak in kerala in 1996. | out of 5357 wild-caught mosquitoes in 163 pools tested for virus using antigen capture elisa and an insect-bioassay (inoculation into toxorhynchites splendens larvae and identification by ifa using je virus-specific monoclonal antibody), 16 flavivirus isolations were made of which 12 (75%) were identified as je virus. of the 12 je virus isolations, 7 were from culex tritaeniorhynchus, 3 from mansonia uniformis and 1 each from ma. indiana and anopheles subpictus. four isolations from mansonia spe ... | 1997 | 9248207 |
| the distribution of common anopheles mosquitoes in northwestern peninsular malaysia. | using cow-baited net traps in the coastal and hilly areas of northern peninsular malaysia, 21 species of anopheles mosquitoes were found. the distribution of common anopheles is presented. the composition of the anopheline mosquito fauna was more diversified in the coastal areas than in the hilly areas. the displacement of anopheles sundaicus by anopheles subpictus and the disappearance of anopheles hackeri in the coastal area were noted. | 1997 | 9491360 |
| comparative susceptibility of anopheles subpictus from fresh and brackish water areas to plasmodium falciparum infection. | anopheles subpictus from fresh and brackish water areas were fed simultaneously, on five volunteers, with plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in their blood. the susceptibility to infection was compared. infections were found in both waters, but to different degrees. the mean susceptibility rate among fed mosquitoes was 6.1% from the fresh water area and 17.4% from the brackish water area. the mean number of oocysts in the former was 3.4 +/- 3.2 and 4.2 +/- 4.32 in the latter. the mortality rate, ... | 1998 | 9707359 |
| sequence heterogeneity in copia-like retrotransposons in anopheles (diptera: culicidae) in thailand. | degenerate primers and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detected a conserved region of copia-like reverse transcriptase from anopheles mosquitoes in thailand. a total of 43 subclone pcr fragments of the size expected for reverse transcriptase of copia-like elements was isolated from anopheles dirus (peyton & harrison) subspecies a, anopheles maculatus (theobald) subspecies e, anopheles nivipes (theobald), and anopheles subpictus grassi. sequence analysis of subclones confirmed the identity of ... | 1998 | 9775607 |
| susceptibility of ten species of mosquito larvae to the parasitic nematode romanomermis iyengari and its development. | ten species of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from five genera were exposed to preparasites of the tropical mermithid nematode species romanomermis iyengari (welch) (nematoda: mermithidae), a strain isolated in 1978 from pondicherry. by exposing mosquito larvae during the second instar, nematode infection was invariably lethal, the rate being highest in culex sitiens wiedemann (95%) followed by cx. quinquefasciatus say (90%), aedes aegypti (l.) (79%), anopheles subpictus grassi (64%), ae. albop ... | 2000 | 11129707 |
| population dynamics of mosquito immatures and the succession in abundance of aquatic insects in rice fields in madurai, south india. | studies on the breeding pattern of mosquito immatures and the successional changes in the abundance of aquatic insects were conducted in rice fields near madurai, south india. the population of late (iii/iv) larval instars of culicines peaked on day 28 and pupae (culex tritaeniorhynchus, cx. pseudovishnui and cx. vishnui) peaked on day 9 after transplantation, whereas the population of late (iii/iv) larval instars of anophelines peaked on day 19 and pupae of anopheles subpictus and an. vagus on ... | 1999 | 11304916 |
| analysis of relationship between anopheles subpictus larval densities and environmental parameters using remote sensing (rs), a global positioning system (gps) and a geographic information system (gis). | remote sensing (rs), a global positioning system (gps) and a geographic information system (gis) were used to analyze relationship between anopheles subpictus larval densities and environmental parameters in the sekotong district on lombok island, indonesia. distance from the coast to larval habitats, season and surface water were considered as environmental parameters for determining an. subpictus larval densities. japanese earth resources satellite (jers) visible and near infrared radiometer ( ... | 2000 | 11501013 |
| breeding of anopheles mosquitoes in irrigated areas of south punjab, pakistan. | as part of investigations on potential linkages between irrigation and malaria transmission, all surface water bodies in and around three villages along an irrigation distributary in south punjab, pakistan, were surveyed for anopheline mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae) from april 1999 to march 2000. samples were characterized according to exposure to sunlight, substratum, presence of vegetation, fauna, inorganic matter and physical water condition (clear/turbid/foul). also water temperature, ... | 2001 | 11583440 |
| control of malaria vectors with the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen in a gem-mining area in sri lanka. | the study was conducted in eight adjacent villages in central sri lanka where there are many shallow pits dug by gem miners that fill with water. these become breeding places of the main malarial vector anopheles culicifacies, and of the second most important vector anopheles subpictus, but not of anopheles varuna, the third most important vector. with the help of local volunteers, data on the adult populations of these three species was collected by various standard methods, and data on the inc ... | 2001 | 11700185 |
| seasonal prevalence of culex vishnui subgroup, the major vectors of japanese encephalitis virus in an endemic district of andhra pradesh, india. | seasonal prevalence of members of the culex vishnui subgroup, the major vectors of japanese encephalitis virus (je) in an endemic district of andhra pradesh, was investigated. approximately 15,500 mosquitoes belonging to 2 genera and 5 species were collected by indoor-resting collections. the predominant species were found to be from the cx. vishnui subgroup, which comprised 42.6% of the total collection, followed by anopheles subpictus (40.4%), an. hyrcanus (12.8%), cx. gelidus (3.5%), and an. ... | 2002 | 12542185 |
| 'a mate or a meal'--pre-gravid behaviour of female anopheles gambiae from the islands of são tomé and príncipe, west africa. | malaria prevalence differs between the two islands that comprise the archipelago of são tomé and príncipe. this may be due to differences in the biology of local anopheles gambiae, the only vector on the islands. survival rate and feeding frequency are two factors influencing vectorial capacity. anophelines generally feed just once per gonotrophic (oviposition) cycle. newly emerged insects, however, may feed two or more times during their first oviposition cycle thus increasing the likelihood of ... | 2003 | 12801421 |
| sri lanka malaria maps. | despite a relatively good national case reporting system in sri lanka, detailed maps of malaria distribution have not been publicly available. | 2003 | 12914667 |
| the insecticide-resistance problem: a review of developments in 1956 and 1957. | the author reviews the growth of the insecticide-resistance problem throughout the world during the period between july 1956 and november 1957, and the developments in research on the subject during the same period.three new resistant species have been discovered-anopheles subpictus, chrysomyia putoria and rhipicephalus sanguineus-and eight new types of resistance in already resistant species have been observed. moreover, the geographical area covered by certain resistant insect populations has ... | 1958 | 13536795 |
| a long-term study on vector abundance & seasonal prevalence in relation to the occurrence of japanese encephalitis in gorakhpur district, uttar pradesh. | japanese encephalitis (je) virus is an important cause of viral encephalitis in gorakhpur district, up. the area has been experiencing outbreaks of je since 1978. no in-depth longitudinal studies have been carried out on the mosquito species, particularly je vectors prevailing in the area. entomological studies were carried out in the district in order to determine the species composition, relative abundance and seasonal prevalence of mosquitoes in relation to the incidence of je. | 2003 | 14575175 |
| adult anopheline ecology and malaria transmission in irrigated areas of south punjab, pakistan. | surface irrigation in the punjab province of pakistan has been carried out on a large scale since the development of the indus basin irrigation system in the late 19th century. the objective of our study was to understand how the population dynamics of adult anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) could be related to malaria transmission in rural areas with intensive irrigation and a history of malaria epidemics. in this paper we present our observations from three villages located along an i ... | 2004 | 15189239 |
| susceptibility status of japanese encephalitis vectors in kurnool and mehboobnagar districts of andhra pradesh, india. | an entomological survey in kurnool and mahboobnagar districts of andhra pradesh state, india was undertaken in january, 2002 to find out vector population of japanese encephalitis and their susceptibility status to different insecticides. five culicine species viz. of cx. tritaeniorhynchus, cx. vishnui, cx. pseudovishnui, cx. bitaeniorhynchus, cx. gelidus were captured during the survey. another suspected vectors anopheles subpictus and an. hyrcanus were also prevalent in the study villages. the ... | 2003 | 15562958 |
| malarial vectors in an irrigated rice cultivation area in southern sri lanka. | entomological surveys were carried out from march 1998 to december 1999 to study the prevalence, distribution and abundance of malarial vectors in relation to selected environmental factors and potential mosquito breeding sites in irrigation channels in 15 villages in the lunugamvehera irrigation and settlement project, a malaria-endemic area of southern sri lanka. mosquito collections were made at monthly intervals using four sampling methods. thirteen anopheline species were collected. followi ... | 2005 | 15607337 |
| maps of the sri lanka malaria situation preceding the tsunami and key aspects to be considered in the emergency phase and beyond. | following the tsunami, a detailed overview of the area specific transmission levels is essential in assessing the risk of malaria in sri lanka. recent information on vector insecticide resistance, parasite drug resistance, and insights into the national policy for malaria diagnosis and treatment are important in assisting national and international agencies in their control efforts. | 2005 | 15676073 |
| the larval habitat of verrallina (verrallina) lugubris and chaetotaxy of field-collected larvae. | the larval habitat of verrallina lugubris (barraud) is defined based upon collection of 648 larvae from swamp pools from january to march 1998 in pichavaram mangrove forest, and 125 larvae during september 1997 in maravakadu mangrove forest in the eastern coast of south india. salinity of the larval habitat ranged from 12,150 to 24,500 mg/liter in pichavaram and from 11,600 to 13,000 mg/liter in maravakadu. associated mosquito species were culex sitiens wiedemann, ochlerotatus portonovoensis (te ... | 2005 | 15825769 |
| chromosome speciation: humans, drosophila, and mosquitoes. | chromosome rearrangements (such as inversions, fusions, and fissions) may play significant roles in the speciation between parapatric (contiguous) or partly sympatric (geographically overlapping) populations. according to the "hybrid-dysfunction" model, speciation occurs because hybrids with heterozygous chromosome rearrangements produce dysfunctional gametes and thus have low reproductive fitness. natural selection will, therefore, promote mutations that reduce the probability of intercrossing ... | 2005 | 15851677 |
| altered environment and risk of malaria outbreak in south andaman, andaman & nicobar islands, india affected by tsunami disaster. | pools of salt water and puddles created by giant waves from the sea due to the tsunami that occurred on 26th december 2004 would facilitate increased breeding of brackish water malaria vector, anopheles sundaicus. land uplifts in north andaman and subsidence in south andaman have been reported and subsidence may lead to environmental disturbances and vector proliferation. this warrants a situation analysis and vector surveillance in the tsunami hit areas endemic for malaria transmitted by bracki ... | 2005 | 16029514 |
| spatiotemporal distribution of insecticide resistance in anopheles culicifacies and anopheles subpictus in sri lanka. | the malaria situation in sri lanka worsened during the 1990s with the emergence and spread of resistance to the drugs and insecticides used for control. chloroquine resistance has increased rapidly over this period, but adverse changes in malaria transmission are more closely associated with insecticide use rather than drug resistance. insecticide susceptibility tests were routinely carried out in key anopheline vectors across the country for more than a decade. these sentinel data were combined ... | 2005 | 16099009 |
| morphotaxonomic studies to identify the members of the anopheles subpictus grassi (diptera: culicidae) species complex in riverine villages of district sonepat, haryana state, india. | anopheles subpictus was reported to be a complex of four sibling species provisionally designated as species a, b, c and d. present studies in district sonepat, haryana have revealed the sympatricity of species a, c and d based on the reported distinct morphotaxanomical identification characters in different life stages of the mosquito. studies on field collected adult mosquitoes and isofemale progeny did not show variations in the prevalence of sibling species and also showed a possibility of u ... | 2004 | 16295684 |
| evaluation of environmental data for identification of anopheles (diptera: culicidae) aquatic larval habitats in kisumu and malindi, kenya. | this research evaluates the extent to which use of environmental data acquired from field and satellite surveys enhances predictions of urban mosquito counts. mosquito larval habitats were sampled, and multispectral thermal imager (mti) satellite data in the visible spectrum at 5-m resolution were acquired for kisumu and malindi, kenya, during february and march 2001. all entomological parameters were collected from january to may 2001, june to august 2002, and june to august 2003. in a poisson ... | 2005 | 16365996 |
| long-term study of japanese encephalitis virus infection in anopheles subpictus in cuddalore district, tamil nadu, south india. | to investigate the role of anopheles subpictus grassi as a vector of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) transmission in cuddalore, an area of tamil nadu endemic for the disease. | 2006 | 16553908 |
| breakpoint structure reveals the unique origin of an interspecific chromosomal inversion (2la) in the anopheles gambiae complex. | paracentric chromosomal inversions are major architects of organismal evolution and have been associated with adaptations relevant to malaria transmission in anopheline mosquitoes. the processes responsible for their origin and maintenance, still poorly understood, can be illuminated by analysis of inversion breakpoint sequences. here, we report the breakpoint structure of chromosomal inversion 2la from the principal malaria vector anopheles gambiae and its relatives in the a. gambiae complex. t ... | 2006 | 16606844 |
| malaria in sri lanka: one year post-tsunami. | one year ago, the authors of this article reported in this journal on the malaria situation in sri lanka prior to the tsunami that hit on 26 december 2004, and estimated the likelihood of a post-tsunami malaria outbreak to be low. malaria incidence has decreased in 2005 as compared to 2004 in most districts, including the ones that were hit hardest by the tsunami. the malaria incidence (aggregated for the whole country) in 2005 followed the downward trend that started in 2000. however, surveilla ... | 2006 | 16700913 |
| importance of waste stabilization ponds and wastewater irrigation in the generation of vector mosquitoes in pakistan. | the objective of the current study was to investigate the role of waste stabilization ponds (wsp) and wastewater-irrigated sites for the production of mosquitoes of medical importance. mosquito larvae were collected fortnightly from july 2001 to june 2002 in faisalabad, pakistan. in total, 3,132 water samples from wsp and irrigated areas yielded 606,053 culex larvae of five species. in addition, 107,113 anophelines, representing eight species were collected. anopheles subpictus (grassi) and cule ... | 2006 | 17017239 |
| eco-friendly control of mosquito larvae by brachytron pratense nymph. | the study reported here revealed the biocontrol efficacy of aquatic nymphs of the dragonfly brachytron pratense against larvae of the mosquito anopheles subpictus. it was found that during a 24-hour study period, a nymph of b. pratense would consume (mean value of three observations) 66 fourth-instar an. subpictus larvae released in a water bowl containing 3 liters of pond water. the consumption rate was significantly higher (p < .05) during the lights-on phase of the experiment than during the ... | 2007 | 17450955 |
| ecology of invasive mosquitoes: effects on resident species and on human health. | investigations of biological invasions focus on patterns and processes that are related to introduction, establishment, spread and impacts of introduced species. this review focuses on the ecological interactions operating during invasions by the most prominent group of insect vectors of disease, mosquitoes. first, we review characteristics of non-native mosquito species that have established viable populations, and those invasive species that have spread widely and had major impacts, testing wh ... | 2005 | 17637849 |
| impact of urban agriculture on malaria vectors in accra, ghana. | to investigate the impact of urban agriculture on malaria transmission risk in urban accra larval and adult stage mosquito surveys, were performed. local transmission was implicated as anopheles spp. were found breeding and infected anopheles mosquitoes were found resting in houses in the study sites. the predominant anopheles species was anopheles gambiae s.s.. the relative proportion of molecular forms within a subset of specimens was 86% s-form and 14% m-form. anopheles spp. and culex quinque ... | 2008 | 18680565 |
| multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms involving metabolic changes and insensitive target sites selected in anopheline vectors of malaria in sri lanka. | the current status of insecticide resistance and the underlying resistance mechanisms were studied in the major vector of malaria, anopheles culicifacies, and the secondary vector, anopheles subpictus in five districts (anuradhapura, kurunegala, moneragala, puttalam and trincomalee) of sri lanka. eight other anophelines, anopheles annularis, anopheles barbirostris, anopheles jamesii, anopheles nigerrimus, anopheles peditaeniatus, anopheles tessellatus, anopheles vagus and anopheles varuna from a ... | 2008 | 18755020 |
| biocontrol of larval mosquitoes by acilius sulcatus (coleoptera: dytiscidae). | problems associated with resistant mosquitoes and the effects on non-target species by chemicals, evoke a reason to find alternative methods to control mosquitoes, like the use of natural predators. in this regard, aquatic coleopterans have been explored less compared to other insect predators. in the present study, an evaluation of the role of the larvae of acilius sulcatus linnaeus 1758 (coleoptera: dytiscidae) as predator of mosquito immatures was made in the laboratory. its efficacy under fi ... | 2008 | 18922168 |
| larvicidal potential of medicinal plant extracts against anopheles subpictus grassi and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles (diptera: culicidae). | mosquito control is facing a threat due to the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. the acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, hexane, methanol and petroleum ether extracts of leaf, flower and seed of cassia auriculata l., leucas aspera (willd.), rhinacanthus nasutus kurz., solanum torvum swartz and vitex negundo linn. were tested against fourth instar larvae of malaria vector, anop ... | 2009 | 19085005 |
| laboratory study on larvicidal activity of indigenous plant extracts against anopheles subpictus and culex tritaeniorhynchus. | anopheles subpictus and culex tritaeniorhynchus have developed resistance to various synthetic insecticides, making its control increasingly difficult. insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. the leaf acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, hexane, and methanol extracts of aegle marmelos (linn.) correa ex roxb, andrographis lineata wallich ex nees., andrographis paniculata (burm.f.) wall. ex nees., cocculus hirsutus (l.) diels, eclipta ... | 2009 | 19165502 |
| laboratory determination of efficacy of indigenous plant extracts for parasites control. | the present study was based on assessments of the antiparasitic activities to determine the efficacies of acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, hexane, and methanol dried leaf, flower, and seed extracts of achyranthes aspera l., anisomeles malabarica (l.) r. br., gloriosa superba l., psidium guajava l., ricinus communis l., and solanum trilobatum l. tested against the larvae of cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini 1887) (acari: ixodidae), sheep internal parasite paramphistom ... | 2009 | 19308453 |
| a supervised land cover classification of a western kenya lowland endemic for human malaria: associations of land cover with larval anopheles habitats. | a supervised land cover classification was developed from very high resolution ikonos satellite data and extensive ground truth sampling of a ca. 10 sq km malaria-endemic lowland in western kenya. the classification was then applied to an investigation of distribution of larval anopheles habitats. the hypothesis was that the distribution and abundance of aquatic habitats of larvae of various species of mosquitoes in the genus anopheles is associated with identifiable landscape features. | 2009 | 19371425 |
| role of fish as predators of mosquito larvae on the floodplain of the gambia river. | we examined the potential of using native fish species in regulating mosquitoes in the floodplain of the gambia river, the major source of mosquitoes in rural parts of the gambia. fishes and mosquito larvae were sampled along two 2.3-km-long transects, from the landward edge of the floodplain to the river from may to november 2005 to 2007. a semifield trial was used to test the predatory capacity of fish on mosquito larvae and the influence of fish chemical cues on oviposition. in the field, the ... | 2009 | 19496426 |
| longitudinal studies of japanese encephalitis virus infection in vector mosquitoes in kurnool district, andhra pradesh, south india. | a 4-yr (2002-2006) entomological study was carried out in kurnool district, andhra pradesh state, south india, to identify the mosquito vectors of japanese encephalitis virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, jev). in total, 37,139 female mosquitoes belonging five genera and 18 species resting on vegetation were collected in villages and periurban areas at dusk. mosquito species composition and pattern of jev infection in mosquitoes varied in periurban and rural areas. in periurban area, c ... | 2009 | 19496437 |
| oviposition-deterrent, ovicidal, and repellent activities of indigenous plant extracts against anopheles subpictus grassi (diptera: culicidae). | insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. the leaf acetone, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of aegle marmelos (linn.) correa ex roxb, andrographis lineata wallich ex nees, and cocculus hirsutus (l.) diels were tested for oviposition-deterrent, ovicidal, and repellent activities against anopheles subpictus grassi (diptera: culicidae). the percentage of effective oviposition repellency of 92.60 , 93.04, 95.20, 88.26, 92.80, 94.01, ... | 2009 | 19707789 |
| adulticidal and larvicidal efficacy of some medicinal plant extracts against tick, fluke and mosquitoes. | the adulticidal and larvicidal effect of indigenous plant extracts were investigated against the adult cattle tick haemaphysalis bispinosa neumann, 1897 (acarina: ixodidae), sheep fluke paramphistomum cervi zeder, 1790 (digenea: paramphistomatidae), fourth instar larvae of malaria vector, anopheles subpictus grassi and japanese encephalitis vector, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles (diptera: culicidae). the aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effect of leaf hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ... | 2009 | 19819626 |
| vectorial role of anopheles subpictus grassi and anopheles culicifacies giles in angul district, orissa, india. | malaria transmission by anopheles subpictus grassi, 1899 and anopheles culicifacies giles, 1901 was studied from march 2004 to february 2007 in angul district, orissa, india, which is highly endemic for malaria. adult mosquitoes were collected from human dwellings using sucking tubes and a mechanical aspirator. after identification, some an. subpictus and an. culicifacies specimens were subjected to a precipitin test to determine their anthropophilic index and the remaining samples were preserve ... | 2009 | 19842403 |
| impact of insecticide-treated nets on wild pyrethroid resistant anopheles epiroticus population from southern vietnam tested in experimental huts. | in this study, the efficacy of insecticide-treated nets was evaluated in terms of deterrence, blood-feeding inhibition, induced exophily and mortality on a wild resistant population of anopheles epiroticus in southern vietnam, in order to gain insight into the operational consequences of the insecticide resistance observed in this malaria vector in the mekong delta. | 2009 | 19874581 |
| epidemic of plasmodium falciparum malaria involving substandard antimalarial drugs, pakistan, 2003. | because of instability in eastern afghanistan, new refugees crossed into the federally administered tribal areas of northwestern pakistan in 2002. in 2003, we investigated an epidemic of plasmodium falciparum malaria in 1 of the camps. incidence was 100.4 cases/1,000 person-years; in other nearby camps it was only 2.1/1,000 person-years. anopheline mosquitoes were found despite an earlier spray campaign. documented clinical failures at the basic health unit prompted a drug resistance survey of l ... | 2009 | 19891862 |
| male mating biology. | before sterile mass-reared mosquitoes are released in an attempt to control local populations, many facets of male mating biology need to be elucidated. large knowledge gaps exist in how both sexes meet in space and time, the correlation of male size and mating success and in which arenas matings are successful. previous failures in mosquito sterile insect technique (sit) projects have been linked to poor knowledge of local mating behaviours or the selection of deleterious phenotypes during colo ... | 2009 | 19917078 |
| prevalence of anopheline species and their plasmodium infection status in epidemic-prone border areas of bangladesh. | information related to malaria vectors is very limited in bangladesh. in the changing environment and various anopheles species may be incriminated and play role in the transmission cycle. this study was designed with an intention to identify anopheline species and possible malaria vectors in the border belt areas, where the malaria is endemic in bangladesh. | 2010 | 20074326 |
| malaria vectors of timor-leste. | the island of timor lies at the south-eastern edge of indonesia on the boundary of the oriental and australian faunal regions. the country of timor-leste, which occupies the eastern part of the island, is malarious, but anopheline faunal surveys and malaria vector incrimination date back to the 1960 s. over the last decade the malaria vectors of south-east asia and the south-west pacific have been intensely studied using molecular techniques that can confirm identification within complexes of is ... | 2010 | 20122278 |
| a review on anopheles subpictus grassi--a biological vector. | anopheles subpictus is a complex of four isomorphic sibling species a, b, c and d and is recognized as a primary vector of malaria, a disease of great socio-economic importance, in australasian zone, celebes, portuguese timor and south east asia and a secondary vector in sri lanka. this species is also a vector of some helminth and arboviruses. this species has been reported so far from nineteen countries of the oriental and australasian zones. an. subpictus complex is the most abundant anopheli ... | 2010 | 20153284 |
| mosquito species associated within some western himalayas phytogeographic zones in the garhwal region of india. | thirty four species of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) were collected across three phytogeographic zones; tropical (300 to 1000 m), sub tropical (1000 to 2000 m) and temperate (2000 to 3000 m) in the garhwal region of india. they included 5 genera: aedes, anopheles, armigeres, culex and uranotaenia. of these, the immature forms of 23 species were recovered from different breeding habitats. the larval habitats were seepage pools, river beds, rice fields, tanks, forest pools, ditches, streams, roc ... | 2007 | 20233101 |
| anopheles culicifacies breeding in brackish waters in sri lanka and implications for malaria control. | anopheles culicifacies is the major vector of both falciparum and vivax malaria in sri lanka, while anopheles subpictus and certain other species function as secondary vectors. in sri lanka, an. culicifacies is present as a species complex consisting of species b and e, while an. subpictus exists as a complex of species a-d. the freshwater breeding habit of an. culicifacies is well established. in order to further characterize the breeding sites of the major malaria vectors in sri lanka, a limit ... | 2010 | 20409313 |
| presence of two alternative kdr-like mutations, l1014f and l1014s, and a novel mutation, v1010l, in the voltage gated na+ channel of anopheles culicifacies from orissa, india. | knockdown resistance in insects resulting from mutation(s) in the voltage gated na+ channel (vgsc) is one of the mechanisms of resistance against ddt and pyrethroids. recently a point mutation leading to leu-to-phe substitution in the vgsc at residue 1014, a most common kdr mutation in insects, was reported in anopheles culicifacies-a major malaria vector in the indian subcontinent. this study reports the presence of two additional amino acid substitutions in the vgsc of an an. culicifacies popu ... | 2010 | 20509922 |
| salivary polytene chromosome map of anopheles darlingi, the main vector of neotropical malaria. | new photomap of anopheles (nyssorhynchus) darlingi root, 1926, is described for a population from guajará-mirim, state of rondonia, brazil. the number of sections in the previous a. darlingi reference map was maintained and new subsections were added to the five chromosome arms. breakage points of paracentric inversions had been previously incorporated into the photomap of this species. an additional inversion is reported, called 3lc, totaling 14 inversions in the a. darlingi chromosome arms. th ... | 2010 | 20682862 |
| plasmodium ovale infection in malaysia: first imported case. | plasmodium ovale infection is rarely reported in malaysia. this is the first imported case of p. ovale infection in malaysia which was initially misdiagnosed as plasmodium vivax. | 2010 | 20929588 |
| studies on effects of indigenous plant extracts on malarial vector, anopheles subpictus grassi (diptera:culicidae). | mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. the present investigations were made to evaluate the repellent, ovicidal and oviposition-deterrent potential of leaf hexane and chloroform extract ... | 2010 | 20962710 |
| detection of 1014f kdr mutation in four major anopheline malaria vectors in indonesia. | malaria is a serious public health problem in indonesia, particularly in areas outside java and bali. the spread of resistance to the currently available anti-malarial drugs or insecticides used for mosquito control would cause an increase in malaria transmission. to better understand patterns of transmission and resistance in indonesia, an integrated mosquito survey was conducted in three areas with different malaria endemicities, purworejo in central java, south lampung district in sumatera an ... | 2010 | 21054903 |
| evaluation of green synthesized silver nanoparticles against parasites. | green nanoparticle synthesis has been achieved using environmentally acceptable plant extract and eco-friendly reducing and capping agents. the present study was based on assessments of the antiparasitic activities to determine the efficacies of synthesized silver nanoparticles (agnps) using aqueous leaf extract of mimosa pudica gaertn (mimosaceae) against the larvae of malaria vector, anopheles subpictus grassi, filariasis vector culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae), and rhipicephalu ... | 2010 | 21181192 |
| synthesis of pediculocidal and larvicidal silver nanoparticles by leaf extract from heartleaf moonseed plant, tinospora cordifolia miers. | insecticide resistance and inadequate attention to the application instructions of topical pediculicides are common reasons for treatment failure. essential oils or plant extracts are good and safe alternatives due to their low toxicity to mammals and easy biodegradability. the present study was carried out to establish the pediculocidal and larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles (agnps) using leaf aqueous extract of tinospora cordifolia miers (menispermaceae) against the head l ... | 2011 | 21212979 |
| malaria distribution, prevalence, drug resistance and control in indonesia. | approximately 230 million people live in indonesia. the country is also home to over 20 anopheline vectors of malaria which transmit all four of the species of plasmodium that routinely infect humans. a complex mosaic of risk of infection across this 5000-km-long archipelago of thousands of islands and distinctive habitats seriously challenges efforts to control malaria. social, economic and political dimensions contribute to these complexities. this chapter examines malaria and its control in i ... | 2011 | 21295677 |
| acaricidal, pediculocidal and larvicidal activity of synthesized zno nanoparticles using wet chemical route against blood feeding parasites. | the present study was based on assessments of the anti-parasitic activities to determine the efficacies of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno nps) prepared by wet chemical method using zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide as precursors and soluble starch as stabilizing agent against the larvae of cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, canestrini (acari: ixodidae); head louse pediculus humanus capitis, de geer (phthiraptera: pediculidae); larvae of malaria vector, anopheles subpictu ... | 2011 | 21340566 |
| screening for feeding deterrent activity of herbal extracts against the larvae of malaria vector anopheles subpictus grassi. | this no-choice, laboratory study focuses on the feeding of homogeneous powdered, dried, yeast with different plant extracts on mosquito fourth-instar larvae to determine the effects on their mortality. screening for antifeedant activity of plant extracts with some known medicinal attributes could lead to the discovery of new agents for vector control. the aim of this study was to investigate the antifeedant activity of crude leaf hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of andrograp ... | 2011 | 21373809 |
| larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles using eclipta prostrata leaf extract against filariasis and malaria vectors. | mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. insecticides of synthesized natural products for vector control have been a priority in this area. in this study, larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles (agnps) utilizing aqueous extract from eclipta prostrata, a member of the astera ... | 2011 | 21419749 |
| copper nanoparticles synthesized by polyol process used to control hematophagous parasites. | the present study was based on assessments of the anti-parasitic activities of the hematophagous (blood feeding) larvae of malaria vector, anopheles subpictus grassi, filariasis vector, culex quinquefasciatus, say (diptera: culicidae), and the larvae of cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, canestrini (acari: ixodidae). the metallic copper nanoparticles (cu nps) synthesized by polyol process from copper acetate as precursor and tween 80 were used as both the medium and the stabilizing ... | 2011 | 21526405 |
| the dominant anopheles vectors of human malaria in the asia-pacific region: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic precis. | abstract: background: the final article in a series of three publications examining the global distribution of 41 dominant vector species (dvs) of malaria is presented here. the first publication examined the dvs from the americas, with the second covering those species present in africa, europe and the middle east. here we discuss the 19 dvs of the asian-pacific region. this region experiences a high diversity of vector species, many occurring sympatrically, which, combined with the occurrence ... | 2011 | 21612587 |
| larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts against anopheles subpictus & culex tritaeniorhynchus. | background & objectives: mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year and the development of resistance to chemical insecticides resulting in rebounding vectorial capacity. plants may be alternative sources of mosquito control agents. the present study assessed the role of larvicidal activities of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol dried leaf and bark extracts of annona squamosa l., chrysanthemum indicum l., and tridax procumbens l. agai ... | 2011 | 21808141 |
| larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against culex tritaeniorhynchus giles and anopheles subpictus grassi (diptera: culicidae). | to investigate the larvicidal and repellent properties of essential oils from various parts of four plant species cymbopogan citrates, cinnamomum zeylanicum, rosmarinus officinalis and zingiber officinale against culex tritaeniorhynchus (cx. tritaeniorhynchus) and anopheles subpictus (an. subpictus). | 2011 | 21771431 |
| isolation and characterisation of acaricidal and larvicidal novel compound (2s,5r,6r)-2-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyloctan-4-one from streptomyces sp. against blood-sucking parasites. | the aim of the present study was to assess the acaricidal and larvicidal property of marine actinobacterial compound (2s,5r,6r)-2-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyloctan-4-one extracted and isolated from streptomyces sp. vitddk3 tested against the larvae of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus canestrini (acari: ixodidae), anopheles subpictus grassi and culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae). the isolate was taxonomically characterised, identified and designated as streptomyces sp. vitddk3. the cru ... | 2011 | 21698506 |
| Acaricidal, insecticidal, and larvicidal efficacy of fruit peel aqueous extract of Annona squamosa and its compounds against blood-feeding parasites. | Plant products may be alternative sources of parasitic control agents, since they constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds that are eco-friendly and nontoxic products. The plant extracts are good and safe alternatives due to their low toxicity to mammals and easy biodegradability. In the present study, fruit peel aqueous extract of Annona squamosa (Annonaceae) extracted by immersion method exhibited adulticidal activity against Haemaphysalis bispinosa (Acarina: Ixodidae) and the hematopha ... | 2011 | 22006187 |
| Efficacy of adulticidal and larvicidal properties of botanical extracts against Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Hippobosca maculata, and Anopheles subpictus. | The aim of the present study was to investigate the adulticidal and larvicidal activity of dried leaf hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of Nelumbo nucifera, Manilkara zapota, Ipomoea staphylina, and Acalypha indica against the adults of Haemaphysalis bispinosa (Acarina: Ixodidae), hematophagous fly Hippobosca maculata (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), and fourth instar larvae of malaria vector Anopheles subpictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasites were exposed to varying concentrations ... | 2011 | 21861064 |
| larval development of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in peri-urban brackish water and its implications for transmission of arboviral diseases. | aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and aedes albopictus skuse mosquitoes transmit serious human arboviral diseases including yellow fever, dengue and chikungunya in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. females of the two species have adapted to undergo preimaginal development in natural or artificial collections of freshwater near human habitations and feed on human blood. while there is an effective vaccine against yellow fever, the control of dengue and chikungunya is mainly dependent on reducing f ... | 2011 | 22132243 |
| evaluation of aqueous and ethanol extract of bioactive medicinal plant, cassia didymobotrya (fresenius) irwin & barneby against immature stages of filarial vector, culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae). | to evaluate aqueous and ethanol extract of cassia didymobotrya leaves against immature stages of culex quinquefasciatus. | 2012 | 23569999 |
| repellent properties of cardiospermum halicacabum linn. (family: sapindaceae) plant leaf extracts against three important vector mosquitoes. | to determine repellent activity of hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform and methanol extract of cardiospermum halicacabum (c. halicacabum) against culex quinquefasciatus (cx. quinquefasciatus), aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) and anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi). | 2012 | 23569979 |
| nanoparticles as potential new generation broad spectrum antimicrobial agents. | the rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains to conventional antimicrobial agents has complicated and prolonged infection treatment and increased mortality risk globally. furthermore, some of the conventional antimicrobial agents are unable to cross certain cell membranes thus, restricting treatment of intracellular pathogens. therefore, the disease-causing-organisms tend to persist in these cells. however, the emergence of nanoparticle (np) technology has come with the promising broad ... | 2015 | 26329777 |
| plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles: their characteristic properties and therapeutic applications. | interest in "green nanotechnology" in nanoparticle biosynthesis is growing among researchers. nanotechnologies, due to their physicochemical and biological properties, have applications in diverse fields, including drug delivery, sensors, optoelectronics, and magnetic devices. this review focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) using plant sources. green synthesis of nanoparticles is an eco-friendly approach, which should be further explored for the potential of different ... | 2016 | 26821160 |
| biological differences between brackish and fresh water-derived aedes aegypti from two locations in the jaffna peninsula of sri lanka and the implications for arboviral disease transmission. | the mainly fresh water arboviral vector aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae) can also undergo pre-imaginal development in brackish water of up to 15 ppt (parts per thousand) salt in coastal areas. we investigated differences in salinity tolerance, egg laying preference, egg hatching and larval development times and resistance to common insecticides in ae. aegypti collected from brackish and fresh water habitats in jaffna, sri lanka. brackish water-derived ae. aegypti were more tolerant of salin ... | 2014 | 25170879 |
| comparative studies on the stenogamous and eurygamous behavior of eight anopheles species of the hyrcanus group (diptera: culicidae) in thailand. | establishment of laboratory colony is essential for mosquito-borne-disease research. mating behavior of stenogamous anopheles peditaeniatus and seven eurygamous species (anopheles argyropus, anopheles crawfordi, anopheles nigerrimus, anopheles nitidus, anopheles paraliae (=an. lesteri), anopheles pursati and anopheles sinensis), were investigated and compared in this study. the self-mating success of adult mosquitoes in different size cages at two density resting surface (drs) values, 3.6 and 7. ... | 2016 | 27023618 |
| epidemiology of japanese encephalitis: past, present, and future prospects. | japanese encephalitis (je) is one of severe viral encephalitis that affects individuals in asia, western pacific countries, and northern australia. although 67,900 je cases have been estimated among 24 je epidemic countries annually, only 10,426 have been reported in 2011. with the establishment of je surveillance and vaccine use in some countries, the je incidence rate has decreased; however, serious outbreaks still occur. understanding je epidemics and identifying the circulating je virus geno ... | 2015 | 25848290 |
| field evaluation of picaridin repellents reveals differences in repellent sensitivity between southeast asian vectors of malaria and arboviruses. | scaling up of insecticide treated nets has contributed to a substantial malaria decline. however, some malaria vectors, and most arbovirus vectors, bite outdoors and in the early evening. therefore, topically applied insect repellents may provide crucial additional protection against mosquito-borne pathogens. among topical repellents, deet is the most commonly used, followed by others such as picaridin. the protective efficacy of two formulated picaridin repellents against mosquito bites, includ ... | 2014 | 25522134 |
| seasonal abundance & role of predominant japanese encephalitis vectors culex tritaeniorhynchus & cx. gelidus theobald in cuddalore district, tamil nadu. | japanese encephalitis (je) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in asia. the first major je outbreak occurred in 1978 and since 1981 several outbreaks had been reported in the cuddalore district (erstwhile south arcot), tamil nadu, india. entomological monitoring was carried out during january 2010 - march 2013, to determine the seasonal abundance and transmission dynamics of the vectors of je virus, with emphasis on the role of culex tritaeniorhynchus and cx. gelidus. | 0 | 26905238 |
| monitoring of malaria, japanese encephalitis and filariasis vectors. | vector monitoring in military stations would help in protecting the armed forces from vector borne diseases such as malaria, japanese encephalitis and filariasis. | 2013 | 24843200 |
| vector databank in the indian armed forces. | medical intelligence of disease vectors deals with understanding vector distribution and control. | 2011 | 27408077 |