| biting activity of mosquitos (diptera: culicidae) at a malarious site in palawan, republic of the philippines. | fifty-one species of mosquitos were collected at a malarious site in western palawan, philippines. anopheles flavirostris, which is the primary malaria vector, was mildly exophagic and zoophilic, and had a peak biting activity from 0030-0130 hours. an. balabacensis, a secondary vector, was endophagic, anthropophilic, and was primarily active between 2000-0030. of the 3 main genera, culex were the most zoophilic, aedes were the most anthropophilic, and anopheles had species in both extremes. an. ... | 1992 | 1362628 |
| animal influence on man-biting rates at a malarious site in palawan, philippines. | the effect of nearby animals on man-biting rates was tested under both outdoor and indoor conditions. under outdoor conditions, fewer mosquitoes were found biting man when a carabao was nearby than when none were close. when collecting indoors, the opposite results were obtained. therefore, placing a carabao near a house is disadvantageous. sporozoite rates of anopheles flavirostris were twice as high from man-biting collections as those caught from carabao. placing carabao around a village but ... | 1989 | 2505393 |
| anopheles flavirostris incriminated as a vector of malaria and bancroftian filariasis in banggi island, sabah, malaysia. | seven villages in banggi island, sabah, malaysia, were surveyed four times to evaluate the roles of local mosquitoes as vectors of malaria and bancroftian filariasis. 11 species of anopheles were found biting man. 53.9% of the anophelines caught were an. flavirostris, 27.1% an. balabacensis, 6% an. donaldi and 4.2% an. subpictus. infective malaria sporozoites, probably of human origin, were found in two of 336 an. flavirostris and 12 of 308 an. balabacensis. sporozoites, probably of a non-human ... | 1985 | 3913069 |
| a survey of the mosquitos (diptera: culicidae) of napsan, palawan, republic of the philippines. | mosquitos were collected in three villages on the western coast of the island of palawan, republic of the philippines, from june 1986 to april 1987, using 3 methods. anopheles flavirostris, the primary malaria vector, was the most abundant of the anopheles collected biting man, ranging from a low of 83.9% in june (16.1 collected/man/night) to 98.3% in april (29.1 collected/man/night). the number of species was greatest in the animal-baited traps with 54 species detected. the co2-baited cdc light ... | 1993 | 7903482 |
| metaphase karyotypes of anopheles of thailand and southeast asia: v. the myzomyia series, subgenus cellia (diptera:culicidae). | metaphase karyotypes of 9 species of the myzomyia series show intra- and interspecific differences based on quantitative variation and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in the sex chromosomes or the centromeric regions of the autosome pairs or both. anopheles jeyporiensis and anopheles aconitus each exhibit 4 forms of mitotic karyotypes, which may reflect interspecific differences within each taxon. the well-defined genetic species within the anopheles minimus and the anopheles culcif ... | 1996 | 8723265 |
| stream-bank shade and larval distribution of the philippine malaria vector anopheles flavirostris. | the principal malaria vector in the philippines, anopheles flavirostris (ludlow) (diptera: culicidae), is regarded as 'shade-loving' for its breeding sites, i.e. larval habitats. this long-standing belief, based on circumstantial observations rather than ecological analysis, has guided larval control methods such as 'stream-clearing' or the removal of riparian vegetation, to reduce the local abundance of an. flavirostris. we measured the distribution and abundance of an. flavirostris larvae in r ... | 2002 | 12510886 |
| zooprophylaxis or zoopotentiation: the outcome of introducing animals on vector transmission is highly dependent on the mosquito mortality while searching. | zooprophylaxis, the diversion of disease carrying insects from humans to animals, may reduce transmission of diseases such as malaria. however, as the number of animals increases, improved availability of blood meals may increase mosquito survival, thereby countering the impact of diverting feeds. | 2003 | 14565850 |
| environmental factors associated with spatial and temporal distribution of anopheles (diptera: culicidae) larvae in sukabumi, west java, indonesia. | a 12-mo ecological study of the spatial-temporal distribution of immature stages of anopheles species was conducted in sukabumi district, west java, indonesia. the study characterized 1,600 sites from a contiguous coastal and hill zone (0-800-m elevation) of which 64% contained anopheles larvae. principal component and multiple logistic regression analyses identified ecological parameters associated with presence of nine [anopheles aconitus doenitz, anopheles annularis van de wulp, anopheles bar ... | 2007 | 17695007 |
| the association between distance to water pipes and water bodies positive for anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in the urban community of malindi, kenya. | the increasing risk of mosquito-borne diseases in african urban environments has been partly attributed to failed planning and resource underdevelopment. though engineered systems may reduce mosquito proliferation, there are few studies describing this relationship. this study investigates how engineered systems such as roads and piped water systems affect the odds of anopheline immatures (i.e., larvae and pupae) occurring in water bodies located in malindi, kenya. anopheles gambiae s.s. (giles) ... | 2007 | 18260524 |
| human infections with plasmodium knowlesi, the philippines. | five human cases of infection with the simian malaria parasite plasmodium knowlesi from palawan, the philippines, were confirmed by nested pcr. this study suggests that this zoonotic infection is found across a relatively wide area in palawan and documents autochthonous cases in the country. | 2008 | 18439369 |
| operational efficiency and sustainability of vector control of malaria and dengue: descriptive case studies from the philippines. | analysis is lacking on the management of vector control systems in disease-endemic countries with respect to the efficiency and sustainability of operations. | 2012 | 22873707 |
| genetic compatibility between anopheles lesteri from korea and anopheles paraliae from thailand. | to assess differentiation and relationships between anopheles lesteri and anopheles paraliae we established three and five iso-female lines of an. lesteri from korea and an. paraliae from thailand, respectively. these isolines were used to investigate the genetic relationships between the two taxa by crossing experiments and by comparing dna sequences of ribosomal dna second internal transcribed spacer (its2) and mitochondrial dna cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) and subunit ii (coii). resul ... | 0 | 23778670 |
| diversification of the genus anopheles and a neotropical clade from the late cretaceous. | the anopheles genus is a member of the culicidae family and consists of approximately 460 recognized species. the genus is composed of 7 subgenera with diverse geographical distributions. despite its huge medical importance, a consensus has not been reached on the phylogenetic relationships among anopheles subgenera. we assembled a comprehensive dataset comprising the coi, coii and 5.8s rrna genes and used maximum likelihood and bayesian inference to estimate the phylogeny and divergence times o ... | 2015 | 26244561 |
| change of strategy is required for malaria elimination: a case study in purworejo district, central java province, indonesia. | malaria has been targeted for elimination from indonesia by 2030, with varying timelines for specific geographical areas based on disease endemicity. the regional deadline for malaria elimination for java island, given the steady decrease of malaria cases, was the end of 2015. purworejo district, a malaria-endemic area in java with an annual parasite incidence (api) of 0.05 per 1,000 population in 2009, aims to enter this elimination stage. this study documents factors that affect incidence and ... | 2015 | 26275822 |
| relationships between anopheline mosquitoes and topography in west timor and java, indonesia. | malaria is a serious health issue in indonesia. mosquito control is one aspect of an integrated malaria management programme. to focus resources on priority areas, information is needed about the vectors and their habitats. this research aimed to identify the relationship between anopheline mosquitoes and topography in west timor and java. | 2010 | 20796265 |
| first evaluation of bendiocarb in experimental huts using different substrates in madagascar. | indoor residual spraying with insecticide is recommended for malaria control in high-transmission settings. determination of residual activity of insecticides is essential for the selection of appropriate indoor spraying policy. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the residual effect of bendiocarb, a carbamate insecticide used in madagascar, on different indoor surfaces in order to elaborate future vector control interventions. | 2016 | 27230626 |
| small-scale evaluation of the efficacy and residual activity of alpha-cypermethrin wg (250 g ai/kg) for indoor spraying in comparison with alpha-cypermethrin wp (50 g ai/kg) in india. | indoor residual spraying (irs) with different formulations of insecticides is being used for the control of mosquito vectors in many countries. in the present study, residual efficacy and duration of effectiveness of irs with alpha-cypermethrin wg-sb (250 g ai/m2) formulation was compared with wp formulation (50 g ai/kg) in a small scale (phase ii) field trial. | 2015 | 26022085 |
| increased detection of plasmodium knowlesi in sandakan division, sabah as revealed by plasmonex™. | plasmodium knowlesi is a simian malaria parasite that is widespread in humans in malaysian borneo. however, little is known about the incidence and distribution of this parasite in the sandakan division, malaysian borneo. therefore, the aim of the present epidemiological study was to investigate the incidence and distribution of p. knowlesi as well as other plasmodium species in this division based on a most recent developed hexaplex pcr system (plasmonex™). | 2013 | 23902626 |
| geographical, meteorological and vectorial factors related to malaria re-emergence in huang-huai river of central china. | malaria still represents a significant public health problem in china, and the cases dramatically increased in the areas along the huang-huai river of central china after 2001. considering spatial aggregation of malaria cases and specific vectors, the geographical, meteorological and vectorial factors were analysed to determine the key factors related to malaria re-emergence in these particular areas. | 2010 | 21092326 |
| evidence of the specific status of anopheles flavirostris (diptera: culicidae). | anophelesflavirostris (ludlow) from lombok island, indonesia, was crossed with an. minimus species a (cm strain) from thailand and species e (isg strain), a new sibling species, from japan, to determine genetic compatibility. we also compare the scanning micrographs of female cibarial armature of these three species. both an. minimus cm and isg females crossed with an. flavirostris males produced eggs without embryos. one an. flavirostris female crossed with an an. minimus cm male deposited unha ... | 2000 | 15535596 |
| insecticide susceptibility of anopheles flavirostris in the philippines. | | 1991 | 1824362 |
| population structure of an island malaria vector. | the impact of islands on the population structure of anopheles flavirostris (ludlow) (diptera: culicidae), the primary malaria vector in the philippines, was assessed. a phylogenetic analysis of 16 cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (co1) haplotypes revealed three clades: one basal clade containing genetically disparate haplotypes from mindanao, and two derived clades, one of which was largely confined to the largest island, luzon, and one that was widespread except for luzon. for the luzon clade, nes ... | 2006 | 17199751 |
| bancroftian filariasis and malaria in island and hinterland populations in sabah, malaysia. | an epidemiological survey of filariasis and malaria in banggi island and upper kinabatangan, sabah, revealed microfilarial rates of 7.2% and 8.6% respectively and malaria prevalence of 9.7% and 16.9% respectively. wuchereria bancrofti was a rural nocturnally periodic type with a periodicity index of 137.2 and average peak hour at 01.32 hrs; 9.2% of microfilaremic carriers as compared to 2.4% amicrofilaremic subjects had clinical filariasis. the plasmodium falciparum: p. vivax: p. malariae ratios ... | 1985 | 3898498 |
| comparison of the effectiveness of two formulations of deet against anopheles flavirostris. | the effectiveness of 2 formulations of deet (diethylmethylbenzamide) was tested against the principal vector of malaria in the philippines, anopheles flavirostris. a new extended duration repellent formulation (edrf) was compared with the standard military-issue liquid formulation. the edrf was significantly more effective than the liquid formulation between 6 and 12 h post-application. there was no difference between the 2 formulations in the first 6 h following application, or between 12 and 1 ... | 1990 | 2230772 |
| challenges in using geographic information systems (gis) to understand and control malaria in indonesia. | malaria is a mosquito-borne disease of global concern with 1.5 to 2.7 million people dying each year and many more suffering from it. in indonesia, malaria is a major public health issue with around six million clinical cases and 700 deaths each year. malaria is most prevalent in the developing countries of the world. aid agencies have provided financial and technical assistance to malaria-prone countries in an effort to battle the disease. over the past decade, the focus of some of this assista ... | 2003 | 14613511 |
| epidemiology of plasmodium knowlesi malaria in north-east sabah, malaysia: family clusters and wide age distribution. | the simian parasite plasmodium knowlesi is a common cause of human malaria in malaysian borneo, with a particularly high incidence in kudat, sabah. little is known however about the epidemiology in this substantially deforested region. | 2012 | 23216947 |
| mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of anophelines and their association with resistance to pyrethroids - a review. | constant and extensive use of chemical insecticides has created a selection pressure and favored resistance development in many insect species worldwide. one of the most important pyrethroid resistance mechanisms is classified as target site insensitivity, due to conformational changes in the target site that impair a proper binding of the insecticide molecule. the voltage-gated sodium channel (nav) is the target of pyrethroids and ddt insecticides, used to control insects of medical, agricultur ... | 2014 | 25292318 |
| the dominant anopheles vectors of human malaria in the asia-pacific region: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic precis. | abstract: background: the final article in a series of three publications examining the global distribution of 41 dominant vector species (dvs) of malaria is presented here. the first publication examined the dvs from the americas, with the second covering those species present in africa, europe and the middle east. here we discuss the 19 dvs of the asian-pacific region. this region experiences a high diversity of vector species, many occurring sympatrically, which, combined with the occurrence ... | 2011 | 21612587 |
| malaria vectors of timor-leste. | the island of timor lies at the south-eastern edge of indonesia on the boundary of the oriental and australian faunal regions. the country of timor-leste, which occupies the eastern part of the island, is malarious, but anopheline faunal surveys and malaria vector incrimination date back to the 1960 s. over the last decade the malaria vectors of south-east asia and the south-west pacific have been intensely studied using molecular techniques that can confirm identification within complexes of is ... | 2010 | 20122278 |
| molecular systematics of the philippine malaria vector anopheles flavirostris. | allozyme and molecular sequence data from the malaria vector anopheles flavirostris (ludlow) (diptera: culicidae) were analysed from 34 sites throughout the philippines, including the type locality, to test the hypothesis that this taxon is a single panmictic species. a finer-scaled allozyme study, of mainly luzon samples, revealed no fixed genetic differences in sympatric sites and only low levels of variation. we obtained data from partial sequences for the internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) ... | 2006 | 16608489 |
| host-dependent anopheles flavirostris larval distribution reinforces the risk of malaria near water. | malaria control strategies are more likely to be successful if groups at high risk can be accurately predicted. given that mosquitoes have an obligate aquatic phase we were interested in determining how vector larval abundance relates to the spatial distribution of human malaria infection. we examined the relationship between malaria parasite prevalence and distance from vector larval habitat, and vector larval abundance and distance from human habitation, in separate studies in rural, low-endem ... | 2003 | 15228242 |
| stability of malaria in a community in bataan, the philippines: prospects for control. | malaria in morong, bataan, the philippines, a municipality with relatively low level, but stable malaria is associated with small foci of relatively high endemicity. although there is little association between age and symptomatic malaria, there is a reservoir of asymptomatic cases which are present throughout the year. risk analysis suggests that the greatest risk factor in acquiring malaria depends on place of residence and not on occupation, including those associated with forest activities s ... | 1997 | 9088439 |
| vector abundance and behaviour in an area of low malaria endemicity in bataan, the philippines. | the vectorial importance of known and potential vectors in morong, bataan, philippines was assessed based on human and animal baited collections of adult mosquitoes and on larval collections. anopheles flavirostris, the principal vector in the philippines, was the most abundant among human landing catches, followed by an. maculatus sensu lato (s.l.). both showed similar seasonal abundance with a peak during the early drier part of the year, which coincided with the peak in malaria cases. both an ... | 1997 | 9088435 |
| evaluation of selective spraying of bendiocarb (ficam vc) for the control of anopheles flavirostris in the philippines. | the effectiveness of selective and complete spray applications of bendiocarb for the control of the major malaria vector, anopheles flavirostris, was compared in an experimental hut trial in the philippines. selective spraying involved treatment of the vector's preferred indoor resting sites, namely, the lower wall areas, wall areas immediately surrounding the doors and windows, and eaves. complete spraying involved treatment of all internal wall and ceiling areas, and the eaves. at intervals ov ... | 1994 | 7707053 |
| misidentification of a philippine malaria vector revealed by allozyme and ribosomal dna markers. | morphologically identified anopheles flavirostris (diptera: culicidae), the principal malaria vector in the philippines, comprised two species in collections from the bataan province of luzon based on allozyme and internal transcribed spacer 2 ribosomal dna analysis. seven percent of morphologically identified specimens were the closely related nonvector an. filipinae. morphologic variability of an. filipinae may account for some of these misidentifications. genetic identification tools promise ... | 1996 | 8651368 |
| progress towards malaria elimination in sabang municipality, aceh, indonesia. | indonesia has set 2030 as its deadline for elimination of malaria transmission in the archipelago, with regional deadlines established according to present levels of malaria endemicity and strength of health infrastructure. the municipality of sabang which historically had one of the highest levels of malaria in aceh province aims to achieve elimination by the end of 2013. | 2013 | 23363768 |
| early malaria resurgence in pre-elimination areas in kokap subdistrict, kulon progo, indonesia. | indonesia is among those countries committed to malaria eradication, with a continuously decreasing incidence of malaria. however, at district level the situation is different. this study presents a case of malaria resurgence kokap subdistrict of the kulon progo district in yogyakarta province, java after five years of low endemicity. this study also aims to describe the community perceptions and health services delivery situation that contribute to this case. | 2014 | 24684702 |
| impact of a spatial repellent on malaria incidence in two villages in sumba, indonesia. | a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted to examine the effect of spatial repellent (sr) in households at risk of malaria in indonesia. following presumptive radical cure for malaria in 180 adult men representing sentinels of new infection in four clusters within two villages, all households were given either metofluthrin or placebo mosquito coils. weekly blood smear screening and human-landing mosquito catches were done throughout the 6 months intervention. malaria i ... | 2014 | 25311699 |