| interspecies cross-reactivity of a monoclonal antibody directed against wheat chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. | the primary structure of several chloroplast fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cfbpase) was deduced from dna sequences, but only spinach, pea and rapeseed enzymes have been characterized structurally. we analyzed whether cfbpases from different phylogenetic origin contain a common epitope. to this end a dna fragment of 1200 base pairs encoding 338 amino acid residues of wheat cfbpase (38 kda) was cloned in the expression plasmid pgex-1 in frame with the gene coding for glutathione s-transferase (gt) ... | 1996 | 8832098 |
| resistance genes in wild accessions of triticeae--inoculation test and sts marker analyses. | sequence tagged site (sts) markers have been developed recently to identify resistance genes in wheat. a number of wild relatives have been used to transfer resistance genes into wheat cultivars. accessions of wild species of triticeae: aegilops longissima (4), ae. speltoides (6), ae. tauschii (8), ae. umbellulata (3), ae. ventricosa (3), triticum spelta (2), t. timopheevi (3), t. boeoticum (4) and t. monococcum (1), 34 in total, were examined using pcr-sts markers for resistance genes against p ... | 2002 | 12441628 |
| resistance gene-analog polymorphism markers co-segregating with the yr5 gene for resistance to wheat stripe rust. | the yr5 gene confers resistance to all races of the stripe rust pathogen ( puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) of wheat in the united states. to develop molecular markers for yr5, a bc(7):f(3) population was developed by backcrossing the yr5 donor ' triticum spelta album' (tsa) with the recurrent parent 'avocet susceptible' (avs). seedlings of the yr5 near-isogenic lines (avs/6* yr5), avs, tsa, and the bc(7):f(3) lines were tested with north american races of p. striiformis f. sp. tritici under ... | 2003 | 12595992 |
| powdery mildew resistance gene pm22 in cultivar virest is a member of the complex pm1 locus in common wheat ( triticum aestivum l. em thell.). | the powdery mildew resistance gene pm22, identified in the italian wheat cultivar virest and originally assigned to wheat chromosome 1d, was mapped to chromosome 7a with the aid of molecular markers. mapping of common aflp and ssr markers in two wheat crosses segregating for pm22 and pm1c, respectively, indicated that pm22 is a member of the complex pm1 locus. pm22 also showed a pattern of resistance reaction to a differential set of blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici isolates that was distinguish ... | 2003 | 12750784 |
| gluten of spelt wheat (triticum aestivum subspecies spelta) as a source of peptides promoting viability and product yield of mouse hybridoma cell cultures. | the enzymic hydrolysate of gluten from spelt wheat (triticum aestivum subsp. spelta), an ancient protein-rich wheat subspecies, was subjected to repeated chromatography runs on the small pore size exclusion chromatography matrix, biogel p-2. two small peptide fractions were purified by rechromatography. the amino acid analyses carried out upon total hydrolysis of these fractions have shown a very high proportion of glutamic acid/glutamine, leucine, and methionine. the biological activity of the ... | 2004 | 15212453 |
| spelt (triticum spelta l.) and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) wholemeals have similar sterol profiles, as determined by quantitative liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis. | from a nutritional point of view, cereal lipids include valuable molecules, such as essential fatty acids, phytosterols, and fat-soluble vitamins. spelt (triticum spelta l.) is an alternative hulled bread cereal mostly grown in belgium, where it is mainly intended for animal feed but should increasingly be used for human consumption. the present research focused on phytosterol quantification by lc/apci-ms2 in saponified wholemeal extracts of 16 dehulled spelt and 5 winter wheat (triticum aestivu ... | 2004 | 15264918 |
| occurrence of mycotoxin in farro samples from southern italy. | the occurrence of nine mycotoxins and of contamination by pre- and postharvest fungal pathogens of cereals was investigated in samples of stored triticum monococcum l., triticum dicoccon schrank (emmer), and triticum spelta l. (spelt). in italy, all three species are collectively referred to as farro. the samples examined were harvested in summer 2000 from eight different sites in southern italy. conventional fluorimetric and diode array-based high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) analys ... | 2005 | 15726990 |
| inheritance of field resistance to stagonospora nodorum leaf and glume blotch and correlations with other morphological traits in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | breeding for wheat varieties resistant to stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb) is the most sustainable strategy for controlling the disease. in order to map quantitative trait loci (qtls) for snb resistance we analysed 204 recombinant inbred lines of the cross between the winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) variety forno and the winter spelt (triticum spelta l.) variety oberkulmer. we determined the level of resistance of adult plants to leaf blotch (snl) and glume blotch (sng) as well as morpholog ... | 2005 | 15895203 |
| development of functional markers specific for seven pm3 resistance alleles and their validation in the bread wheat gene pool. | in the ideal case, molecular markers used for marker-assisted selection are allele-specific even if the alleles differ only by a few nucleotide polymorphisms within the coding sequence of target genes. such 'perfect' markers are completely correlated with the trait of interest. in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) the pm3 locus encodes seven alleles (pm3a-pm3g) conferring resistance to different races of blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici, the agent of powdery mildew, a major disease of bread ... | 2006 | 17063340 |
| environmental factors of celiac disease: cytotoxicity of hulled wheat species triticum monococcum, t. turgidum ssp. dicoccum and t. aestivum ssp. spelta. | in the present paper, the toxicity of prolamines derived from three cereals with a different genome was investigated in human colon cancer caco-2/tc7 and human myelogenous leukemia k562(s) cells. the purpose of this study was to investigate if species from ancient wheat could be considered as healthy food crops devoid or poor in cytotoxic prolamines for celiac disease. | 2007 | 17914956 |
| transcriptome analysis of the wheat-puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici interaction. | stripe rust [caused by puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici eriks. (pst)] is a destructive disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. genetic resistance is the preferred method for control and the yr5 gene, originally identified in triticum spelta var. album, represents a major resistance (r) gene that confers all-stage resistance to all currently known races of pst in the united states. to identify transcripts associated with the yr5-mediated incompatible interaction and the yr5 ... | 2008 | 18705849 |
| correlation of manganese contents of soils and wheat plants (triticum spelta) in the cukurova region of turkey. | in this study, the statistical analysis of manganese contents for soil, leaf and grain samples of the wheat plants, triticum spelta, in the cukurova region of adana in turkey was performed to determine the relationship among the variables and correlation coefficients of manganese (mn) contents. the soil samples were taken from the plant rhizosphere. leaf samples at the stem elongation time and grain samples at the physiological maturity stage were analysed for mn contents. the mn contents of soi ... | 2008 | 19137866 |
| coularray electrochemical evaluation of tocopherol and tocotrienol isomers in barley, oat and spelt grains. | hexane extracts obtained from hordeum vulgare l. (barley), avena sativa l. (oat), triticum spelta schrank and triticum dicoccum schrank ex schübler (spelt or emmer) whole grains, were examined for their tocochromanol (tocopherol and tocotrienol) content. the analyses were carried out on fatty extracts by means of hplc coupled with a coulometric array electrochemical detector (ecd). due to the specific high selectivity of the detector, the sample can be directly injected without any preliminary t ... | 2009 | 19370933 |
| mycotoxin profiles in the grain of triticum monococcum, triticum dicoccum and triticum spelta after head infection with fusarium culmorum. | the aim of study was to investigate mycotoxin profiles in the grain of spring lines of triticum monococcum (12 lines), t. dicoccum (13 lines) and t. spelta (five lines), in comparison to the t. aestivum cultivar sumai-3 which is resistant to fusarium head blight. the grain was obtained from control heads and heads artificially inoculated in the field with fusarium culmorum. mycotoxins were determined by lc-ms/ms. | 2010 | 20355081 |
| mineral composition of organically grown wheat genotypes: contribution to daily minerals intake. | in this study, 321 winter and spring wheat genotypes were analysed for twelve nutritionally important minerals (b, cu, fe, se, mg, zn, ca, mn, mo, p, s and k). some of the genotypes used were from multiple locations and years, resulting in a total number of 493 samples. investigated genotypes were divided into six genotype groups i.e., selections, old landraces, primitive wheat, spelt, old cultivars and cultivars. for some of the investigated minerals higher concentrations were observed in selec ... | 2010 | 20948934 |
| quantitative profiling of feruloylated arabinoxylan side-chains from graminaceous cell walls. | graminaceous arabinoxylans are distinguished by decoration with feruloylated monosaccharidic and oligosaccharidic side-chains. although it is hypothesized that structural complexity and abundance of these feruloylated arabinoxylan side-chains may contribute, among other factors, to resistance of plant cell walls to enzymatic degradation, quantitative profiling approaches for these structural units in plant cell wall materials have not been described yet. here we report the development and applic ... | 2015 | 26834763 |
| variability in xylanase and xylanase inhibition activities in different cereals in the healthgrain diversity screen and contribution of environment and genotype to this variability in common wheat. | endo-1,4-beta-d-xylanases (ec 3.2.1.8, xylanases) and xylanase inhibitors, that is, taxi (triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor), xip (xylanase inhibiting protein), and tlxi (thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor) type xylanase inhibitors, which naturally occur in cereals, are believed to be at the basis of a significant part of the variability in biotechnological functional properties of cereals. xylanase inhibitors in particular affect grain functionality during processing and in animal feeds when ... | 2010 | 20462210 |
| qtl analysis of fertility-restoration against cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat. | the cytoplasm of triticum timopheevi causes cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) in common wheat (t. aestivum) cv. 'chinese spring' (cs), and that of aegilops kotschyi causes cms in spelt wheat (t. spelta) var. duhamelianum (sp). cs has fertility-restoring (rf) genes against the latter cytoplasm and sp has the ones against the former. to know the genetic system concerning to cms, we crossed 66 f8 recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from a cross between cs and sp as males to the alloplasmic lines ... | 2001 | 11376549 |
| identification of molecular markers linked to the agropyron elongatum-derived leaf rust resistance gene lr24 in wheat. | the objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked to the wheat leaf rust resistance gene lr24 derived from agropyron elongatum (3dl/3ag translocation). two near isogenic lines (nils), 'arina' and lr24/7 (*) "arina", were screened for polymorphism at the dna level with 115 rflp probes. twenty-one of these probes map to the homoeologous group 3. in addition, 360 rapd primers were tested on the nils. six rflp probes showed polymorphism between the nils, and 11 rapd primers detect ... | 1995 | 24173052 |
| occurrence of mycotoxins in spelt and common wheat grain and their products. | organic farming does not allow the use of conventional mineral fertilizers and crop protection products. as a result, in our experiments we chose to grow different species of cereals and to see how cereal species affect mycotoxin accumulation. this study describes the occurrence of deoxynivalenol (don), zearalenone (zea) and t-2/ht-2 toxin in a survey of spelt and common wheat and their bran as well as flour. the analysis was conducted using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) method. t ... | 0 | 24199659 |
| nutritional and functional added value of oat, kamut, spelt, rye and buckwheat versus common wheat in breadmaking. | multicereal/pseudocereal blends based on major and minor seeds with high nutritional profile appear as a promising strategy, hardly explored, to obtain enhanced value grain-based foods such as bread. | 0 | 21337578 |
| two loci on wheat chromosome 5a regulate the differential cold-dependent expression of the cor14b gene in frost-tolerant and frost-sensitive genotypes. | although cold acclimation in cereals involves the expression of many cold-regulated genes, genetic studies have shown that only very few chromosomal regions carry loci that play an important role in frost tolerance. to investigate the genetic relationship between frost tolerance and the expression of cold-regulated genes, the expression and regulation of the wheat homolog of the barley cold-regulated gene cor14b was studied at various temperatures in frost-sensitive and frost-tolerant wheat geno ... | 0 | 10778737 |
| characterization of spelt (triticum spelta l.) forms by gel electrophoretic analyses of seed storage proteins. i. the gliadins. | a comparison betweeen the electropherograms of the spelt and wheat cultivars showed specific differences in the gliadin band patterns which provided the possibility of a clear classification into spelt or wheat. a special nomenclature was developed to be able to improve the presentation of the gliadin band pattern of spelt, which is different from that of wheat. this nomenclature, however, has not yet been applied to other cereals. the gliadin band patterns were presented in a schematic form. as ... | 0 | 19352745 |
| identification of 4-o-5'-coupled diferulic acid from insoluble cereal fiber. | the extracts of saponified cereal fibers of whole grains of corn (zea mays cv. microsperma koern.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), spelt (triticum spelta l.), and rice (oryza sativa l.) were investigated for dehydrodimers of ferulic acid using gas-liquid chromatography (glc) with mass spectrometric detection (glc-ms) and flame ionization detection (glc-fid). in addition to the 8,5'-, 8, 8'-, 5,5'-, and 8-o-4'-coupled diferulic acids previously identified from other plant materials the 4-o-5'-coup ... | 2000 | 10956086 |
| can spelt wheat be used as heterotic group for hybrid wheat breeding? | spelt wheat is a distinct genetic group to elite bread wheat, but heterosis for yield and protein quality is too low for spelt to be recommended as heterotic group for hybrid breeding in wheat. the feasibility to switch from line to hybrid breeding is currently a hot topic in the wheat community. one limitation seems to be the lack of divergent heterotic groups within wheat adapted to a certain region. spelt wheat is a hexaploid wheat that can easily be crossed with bread wheat and that forms a ... | 2018 | 29340753 |
| the potential role of selected bioactive compounds from spelt and common wheat in glycemic control. | diet is an important lifestyle factor which influences people's health and the prevention of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. cereal-based foods constitute the main component of the everyday diet worldwide. old cereal species like spelt (triticum spelta l.) are becoming more and more popular, especially in europe. this review focuses on the role of bioactive compounds from spelt and their possible biological mechanisms of action in glycemic control. spelt grain contains a high amount of ... | 2017 | 29068605 |
| identifying seedling root architectural traits associated with yield and yield components in wheat. | plant roots growing underground are critical for soil resource acquisition, anchorage and plant-environment interactions. in wheat ( triticum aestivum ), however, the target root traits to improve yield potential still remain largely unknown. this study aimed to identify traits of seedling root system architecture (rsa) associated with yield and yield components in 226 recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from a cross between the bread wheat triticum aestivum 'forno' (small, wide root system) ... | 2017 | 28200109 |
| rich haplotypes of viviparous-1 in triticum aestivum subsp. spelta with different abscisic acid sensitivities. | viviparous-1 (vp-1) is a major gene affecting pre-harvest sprouting (phs) in common wheat, and improving phs tolerance is a crucial factor for wheat breeding. spelt wheat is always used as the donor parent to improve resistance and quality in wheat breeding: however, the roles of the vp-1 genes in spelt wheat and their relationship to common wheat remain uncertain. the current study aimed to isolate and characterise vp-1 haplotypes in spelt wheat (triticum aestivum subsp. spelta). | 2017 | 27060998 |
| optimizing tiller production and survival for grain yield improvement in a bread wheat × spelt mapping population. | tiller production and survival determine final spike number, and play key roles in grain yield formation in wheat (triticum aestivum). this study aimed to understand the genetic and physiological basis of the tillering process, and its trade-offs with other yield components, by introducing genetic variation in tillering patterns via a mapping population of wheat × spelt (triticum spelta). | 2016 | 26424785 |
| carpel size, grain filling, and morphology determine individual grain weight in wheat. | individual grain weight is a major yield component in wheat. to provide a comprehensive understanding of grain weight determination, the carpel size at anthesis, grain dry matter accumulation, grain water uptake and loss, grain morphological expansion, and final grain weight at different positions within spikelets were investigated in a recombinant inbred line mapping population of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.)×spelt (triticum spelta l.). carpel size, grain dry matter and water accumulation ... | 2015 | 26246614 |
| lutein and lutein esters in whole grain flours made from 75 genotypes of 5 triticum species grown at multiple sites. | concentrations of lutein and lutein esters were determined in an ample collection of 75 wheat genotypes comprising bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), durum (triticum durum desf.), spelt (triticum spelta l.), emmer (triticum dicoccum schrank), and einkorn (triticum monococcum l.) grown in five different environments. einkorn genotypes showed the highest total amounts of lutein (4.5-7.8 μg/g dry matter), followed by durum (2.0-4.6 μg/g), spelt (0.9-2.0 μg/g), emmer (0.8-1.9 μg/g), and bread wheat ... | 2015 | 25946219 |
| cytoplasmic effects on dna methylation between male sterile lines and the maintainer in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | male sterile cytoplasm plays an important role in hybrid wheat, and three-line system including male sterile (a line), its maintainer (b line) and restoring (r line) has played a major role in wheat hybrid production. it is well known that dna methylation plays an important role in gene expression regulation during biological development in wheat. however, no reports are available on dna methylation affected by different male sterile cytoplasms in hybrid wheat. we employed a methylation-sensitiv ... | 2014 | 24875418 |
| [alleles at storage protein loci in triticum spelta l. accessions and their occurrence in related wheats]. | variation at eight storage protein loci was analyzed in the collection of t. spelta accessions from the national centre of plant genetic resources of ukraine, most of which are european spelts. the analysis allowed identification of seven alleles at the gli-b1 locus, five alleles at the gli-a1 and glu-b1 loci, three alleles at the gli-a3 locus, two at the gli-d1, gli-b5, glu-a1, and glu-d1 loci. the majority of alleles are encountered among common wheat cultivars, only five alleles were specific ... | 2014 | 24791472 |
| characterization of the liposoluble fraction of common wheat (triticum aestivum) and spelt (t. aestivum ssp. spelta) flours using multivariate analysis. | in the present paper, a special method for derivatization of liposoluble extract of common wheat and spelt flours was employed which enables simultaneous detection of fatty acid and non-saponifiable lipid fractions. | 2014 | 24633679 |
| haplotype variation of glu-d1 locus and the origin of glu-d1d allele conferring superior end-use qualities in common wheat. | in higher plants, seed storage proteins (ssps) are frequently expressed from complex gene families, and allelic variation of ssp genes often affects the quality traits of crops. in common wheat, the glu-d1 locus, encoding 1dx and 1dy ssps, has multiple alleles. the glu-d1d allele frequently confers superior end-use qualities to commercial wheat varieties. here, we studied the haplotype structure of glu-d1 genomic region and the origin of glu-d1d. using seven diagnostic dna markers, 12 glu-d1 hap ... | 2013 | 24098671 |
| [chromosomal localization of the speltoidy gene, introgressed into bread wheat from aegilops speltoides tausch., and its interaction with the q gene of triticum spelta l]. | the differences between bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and spelt (triticum spelta l.) in the shape of the spike and threshing character are determined by the allelic status of one major q gene, mapped to the long arm of chromosome 5a. this gene is a member of the apetala2 family of transcription factors and plays an important role in domestication of wheat. in the present study, using monosomic analysis, we determined the chromosomal localization of the q(s)gene, introgressed into bread whea ... | 2012 | 23297486 |
| the protective effect of hulls on the occurrence of alternaria mycotoxins in spelt wheat. | since there is an increasing demand on the world market for alternative crops suitable for organic production, spelt wheat (triticum aestivum spp. spelta l.) is a highly attractive farming option. alternaria species are widespread and infect a great variety of economically important crops. certain species are known producers of mycotoxins. the aim of this study was to assess the protective effect of hulls covering the spelt kernels on alternaria toxins. | 2013 | 23255302 |
| waxy genes from spelt wheat: new alleles for modern wheat breeding and new phylogenetic inferences about the origin of this species. | waxy proteins are responsible for amylose synthesis in wheat seeds, being encoded by three waxy genes (wx-a1, wx-b1 and wx-d1) in hexaploid wheat. in addition to their role in starch quality, waxy loci have been used to study the phylogeny of wheat. the origin of european spelt (triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) is not clear. this study compared waxy gene sequences of a spanish spelt collection with their homologous genes in emmer (t. turgidum ssp. dicoccum), durum (t. turgidum ssp. durum) and comm ... | 2012 | 22984164 |
| strong presence of the high grain protein content allele of nam-b1 in fennoscandian wheat. | grain protein content in wheat has been shown to be affected by the nam-b1 gene where the wildtype allele confers high levels of protein and micronutrients but can reduce yield. two known non-functional alleles instead increase yield but lead to lower levels of protein and micronutrients. the wildtype allele in hexaploid bread wheat is so far mainly known from historical specimens and a few lines with an emmer wheat introgression. here we report a screening for the wildtype allele in wheats of d ... | 2012 | 22850788 |
| [molecular genetic characteristics of the wx-b1e allele from common wheat and applicability of the dna markers for its identification]. | molecular genetic characterization of the wx-b1e allele identified by the authors of the study in the common wheat cultivar korotyshka was performed. the 804-bp wx-b1e fragment was cloned and sequenced. comparison of the sequence obtained with that for the wild-type allele of common wheat (wx-b1a) demonstrated that wx-b1e carried the 34-bp insertion, 8-bp deletion, and 23 nucleotide substitutions. blast analysis revealed the highest homology with the nucleotide sequences of wx genes from triticu ... | 2011 | 22384689 |
| advanced backcross qtl mapping of resistance to fusarium head blight and plant morphological traits in a triticum macha × t. aestivum population. | while many reports on genetic analysis of fusarium head blight (fhb) resistance in bread wheat have been published during the past decade, only limited information is available on fhb resistance derived from wheat relatives. in this contribution, we report on the genetic analysis of fhb resistance derived from triticum macha (georgian spelt wheat). as the origin of t. macha is in the caucasian region, it is supposed that its fhb resistance differs from other well-investigated resistance sources. ... | 2011 | 21479934 |
| [genetic control of gliadin components in wheat triticum spelta l]. | the componental composition of electrophoretic spectra of gliadin in triticum spelta l. was studied. by analogy with common wheat t. aestivum l., it was established that genes controlling gliadin components in spelt are also located in short arms of chromosomes of homeological groups 1 and 6. analysis of gliadin spectra in f2 grains from the crosses k-20539 x ershovskaya 32 and k-20558 x ershovskaya 32 revealed linkage of some components and their grouping into blocks (alleles) of coinherited gl ... | 2010 | 20583599 |
| wheat stripe rust resistance genes yr5 and yr7 are allelic. | stripe rust is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. breeding for resistance is the most economical and environmentally acceptable means to control stripe rust. genetic studies on resistance sources are very important. previous inheritance studies on triticum aestivum subsp. spelta cv. album and wheat cultivar lee showed that each possessed a single dominant gene for stripe rust resistance, i.e., yr5 and yr7, respectively. both were located on the long arm of chromosome 2b, but due to t ... | 2009 | 19763533 |
| [genetic analysis of the traits introgressed from aegilops speltoides tausch. to common wheat and determined by chromosome 5a genes]. | a winter common wheat accession from the arsenal collection was genetically examined to study the results of introgression, which substantially changed the physiological and morphological traits of the original spring cultivar rodina. apart from its winter habit, the accession was characterized by awned speltoid spikes, suggesting introgression into chromosome 5a, which carried marker genes in the order vrn-al-q-bl. genetic analysis showed that the chromosome fragment introgressed from aegilops ... | 2009 | 19705742 |
| characterization of total, free and esterified phytosterols in tetraploid and hexaploid wheats. | dietary plant sterols have received increasing attention in recent years due to their favorable health benefits. the present research focused on quantification of phytosterols as free, esterified and total forms in different tetraploid (5 cultivars of triticum durum desf., 9 cultivars of triticum dicoccon schrank) and hexaploid (5 cultivars of t. aestivum l., 12 cultivars of triticum spelta l.) wheats. tetraploid wheats showed the highest content of total sterol (79.4 and 79.5 mg of sterols /100 ... | 2009 | 19292465 |
| variation in the content of dietary fiber and components thereof in wheats in the healthgrain diversity screen. | within the healthgrain diversity screening program, the variation in the content of dietary fiber and components thereof in different types of wheat was studied. the wheat types were winter (131 varieties) and spring (20 varieties) wheats (both triticum aestivum l., also referred to as common wheats), durum wheat (triticum durum desf., 10 varieties), spelt wheat (triticum spelta l., 5 varieties), einkorn wheat (t. monococcum l., 5 varieties), and emmer wheat (triticum dicoccum schubler, 5 variet ... | 2008 | 18921978 |
| identification of differentially expressed proteins between hybrid and parents in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedling leaves. | in spite of commercial use of heterosis in agriculture, the molecular basis of heterosis is poorly understood. to gain a better understanding of the molecular basis of wheat heterosis, we carried out a comparative proteomic analysis in seedling leaves between wheat hybrid and parents. common wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) line 3338 and spelt wheat (triticum spelta l., 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) line 2463 were used to produce a heterotic f(1) hybrid. the expression patterns of the ... | 2009 | 18815767 |
| analysis of taalmt1 traces the transmission of aluminum resistance in cultivated common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | allele diversities of four markers specific to intron three, exon four and promoter regions of the aluminum (al) resistance gene of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) taalmt1 were compared in 179 common wheat cultivars used in international wheat breeding programs. in wheat cultivars released during the last 93 years, six different promoter types were identified on the basis of allele size. a previous study showed that al resistance was not associated with a particular coding allele for taalmt1 but wa ... | 2008 | 18046532 |
| identification of differentially expressed genes in leaf and root between wheat hybrid and its parental inbreds using pcr-based cdna subtraction. | heterosis was defined as the advantage of hybrid performance over its parents in terms of growth and productivity. previous studies showed that differential gene expression between hybrids and their parents is responsible for the heterosis; however, information on systematic identification and characterization of the differentially expressed genes are limited. in this study, an interspecific hybrid between common wheat (triticum aestivum. l., 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) line 3338 and spelt (triticum s ... | 2005 | 16021401 |
| differential exudation of two benzoxazinoids--one of the determining factors for seedling allelopathy of triticeae species. | benzoxazinoids (bx) are natural phytotoxins that function as chemical defense compounds in several species. the release of bx by intact plant roots associated these compounds with root allelopathy in triticeae species; however, the significance of exudate concentrations of bx for plant-plant interactions is still a controversial question. a biological screening of 146 cultivars of four triticeae species (triticum aestivum l., triticum durum desf., triticum spelta l., and secale cereale l.) demon ... | 2005 | 15656658 |
| [analysis of intraspecific divergence of hexaploid wheat triticum spelta l. by chromosome c-banding]. | intraspecific divergence of hexaploid wheat triticum spelta was studied by chromosome c-banding in 41 accessions of different geographic origins. the spelt accessions did not differ in karyotype structure or heterochromatin distribution from common wheat, but showed greater intraspecific polymorphism for chromosome rearrangements (translocations, inversions) and banding patterns. on evidence of c-banding patterns, spelt was assumed to occupy an intermediate position between tetraploid and hexapl ... | 2004 | 15575503 |
| genetic variability of the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits in spelt wheat (triticum aestivum ssp. spelta l. em thell.). | the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit composition of a collection of 403 accessions of spelt wheat ( triticum aestivum ssp. spelta l. em. thell) was analyzed by sds-page. extensive variation was found, including 46 different patterns for zone b and 16 for zone c. patterns within zone b exhibited from two to six bands and patterns in zone c had between four and six bands in sds-page gels. a higher number of bands was observed when urea was added to the gels. zone b exhibited between six and 1 ... | 2004 | 14614566 |
| about the origin of european spelt ( triticum spelta l.): allelic differentiation of the hmw glutenin b1-1 and a1-2 subunit genes. | to investigate the origin of european spelt ( triticum spelta l., genome aabbdd) and its relation to bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l., aabbdd), we analysed an approximately 1-kb sequence, including a part of the promoter and the coding region, of the high-molecular-weight (hmw) glutenin b1-1 and a1-2 subunit genes in 58 accessions of hexa- and tetraploid wheat from different geographical regions. six glu-b1-1 and five glu-a1-2 alleles were identified based on 21 and 19 informative sites, respe ... | 2004 | 14564390 |
| hmw and lmw glutenin alleles among putative tetraploid and hexaploid european spelt wheat (triticum spelta l.) progenitors. | the allelic compositions of high- and low-molecular-weight subunits of glutenins (hmw-gs and lmw-gs) among european spelt ( triticum spelta l.) and related hexaploid and tetraploid triticum species were investigated by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (page) and capillary electrophoresis (ce). a total of seven novel glutenin alleles (designated a1a*, b1d*, b1g*, b1f*, b1j*, d1a* at glu-1 and a3h at the glu-3 loci, respectively) in european spelt wheat were detected by ... | 2003 | 13679994 |
| spelt-specific alleles in hmw glutenin genes from modern and historical european spelt ( triticum spelta l.). | a partial promoter region of the high-molecular weight (hmw) glutenin genes was studied in two wheat specimens, a 300 year-old spelt ( triticum spelta l.) and an approximately 250 year-old bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) from switzerland. sequences were compared to a recent swiss landrace t. spelta'oberkulmer.' the alleles from the historical bread wheat were most similar to those of modern t. aestivumcultivars, whereas in the historical and the recent spelt specific alleles were detected. p ... | 2002 | 12582705 |
| segregation analysis of heading traits in hexaploid wheat utilizing recombinant inbred lines. | the purpose of this study was to analyze the genetic segregation of heading traits in wheat using recombinant inbred lines (rils) of hexaploid wheat, derived from triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring and t. spelta var. duhameliamum. the population was examined under controlled environmental conditions as well as in the field. this strategy differentiated the effect of three genetic factors (vernalization requirement, photoperiod sensitivity and narrow-sense earliness) and identified their intera ... | 2003 | 12522426 |
| [genetic diversity revealed by issr molecular marker in common wheat, spelt, compactum and progeny of recurrent selection]. | it is important to estimate the genetic diversity between the parents for improving the heterosis of hybrid wheat. in this study, issr(inter-simple sequence repeat) marker was used to measure the genetic diversity within and among common wheat (triticum aestivum l.), spelt (triticum spelta l.), compactum (triticum compactum host.) and progeny of foreign wheat-based recurrent selection, and the possibility of establishing the new heterotic group was also assessed. forty seven genotypes were used ... | 2002 | 12043574 |
| effect of spelt wheat flour and kernel on bread composition and nutritional characteristics. | spelt wheat seeds (triticum aestivum subsp. spelta cv. ostro) were used to obtain white spelt flour (64.5% yield), wholemeal spelt flour (100% yield), and scalded spelt wheat kernels. from these materials, white spelt wheat bread (wsb), wholemeal spelt wheat bread (wmsb), and spelt wheat bread with scalded spelt wheat kernels (sskb) were made and were compared to the reference white wheat bread (wwb). the spelt wheat flours and breads contained more proteins in comparison to wheat flour and brea ... | 2001 | 11170617 |
| [spelt wheat and celiac disease]. | spelt wheat (triticum spelta l.) has not been investigated for the toxicity on coeliac disease patients until now. because clinical studies are out of considerations for ethical reasons, spelt wheat and coeliac-active bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were compared by the analysis of n-terminal sequences of alpha-gliadins, which have been proposed to be responsible for the toxic effect. the gliadin fractions of the spelt wheats 'roquin' and 'schwabenkorn' and of the bread wheat 'rektor' were pr ... | 1995 | 7571865 |
| genetic diversity in european wheat and spelt breeding material based on rflp data. | fifty-two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.), nine spring wheat, and 20 spelt (triticum spelta l.) lines representing part of the european breeding germplasm, were assayed for rflps (restriction fragment length polymorphisms) with 56 wheat dna clones and two barley cdna clones. objectives of this study were to (1) determine the level of variation for rflps in the wheat and spelt breeding lines, (2) characterize the genetic diversity within the european winter wheat germplasm, and (3) evaluate t ... | 1994 | 24186253 |
| qtl mapping of grain zn and fe concentrations in two hexaploid wheat ril populations with ample transgressive segregation. | more than 50% of undernourished children live in asia and more than 25% live in africa. coupled with an inadequate food supply, mineral deficiencies are widespread in these populations; particularly zinc (zn) and iron (fe) deficiencies that lead to retarded growth, adverse effects on both the immune system and an individual's cognitive abilities. biofortification is one solution aimed at reducing the incidence of these deficiencies. to efficiently breed a biofortified wheat variety, it is import ... | 2017 | 29093728 |
| occupational allergy to triticum spelta flour. | | 2018 | 28764943 |
| breadmaking performance and textural changes during storage of composite breads made from spelt wheat and different forms of amaranth grain. | the objectives of the present study were to assess the baking properties of composite spelt wheat-amaranth blends and to study the staling of composite breads during a six-day storage. different forms of amaranth grains were added to spelt bread formulation: native amaranth flour and flour from popped amaranth, including their scalded and non-scalded variants. native amaranth flour (both scalded and non-scalded) gave loaves with the highest volume and contributed to significantly softer crumb bu ... | 2017 | 27913711 |
| facilitated wavelength selection and model development for rapid determination of the purity of organic spelt (triticum spelta l.) flour using spectral imaging. | based on a new approach for wavelength selection, a multispectral real-time imaging system was proposed for the staple food industry to determine the fidelity of organic spelt flour (osf) from three categories of adulterants including rye flour (rf), organic wheat flour (owf) and spelt flour (sf). calibration models were first built by partial least squares discriminant analysis (plsda) and partial least squares regression (plsr) with spectral pretreatment for multivariate analysis of hyperspect ... | 2016 | 27216692 |
| glycaemic and insulin index of four common german breads. | german-style breads are recommended as a lower glycaemic index (gi) alternative, yet little data is available. our aim was to test the gi and insulin index (ii) of four breads and rolls commonly consumed in germany. | 2016 | 26931667 |
| combining functional weed ecology and crop stable isotope ratios to identify cultivation intensity: a comparison of cereal production regimes in haute provence, france and asturias, spain. | this investigation combines two independent methods of identifying crop growing conditions and husbandry practices-functional weed ecology and crop stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis-in order to assess their potential for inferring the intensity of past cereal production systems using archaeobotanical assemblages. present-day organic cereal farming in haute provence, france features crop varieties adapted to low-nutrient soils managed through crop rotation, with little to no manuring. w ... | 2017 | 26770014 |
| zinc and iron concentration qtl mapped in a triticum spelta × t. aestivum cross. | ten qtl underlying the accumulation of zn and fe in the grain were mapped in a set of rils bred from the cross triticum spelta × t. aestivum . five of these loci (two for zn and three for fe) were consistently detected across seven environments. the genetic basis of accumulation in the grain of zn and fe was investigated via qtl mapping in a recombinant inbred line (ril) population bred from a cross between triticum spelta and t. aestivum. the concentration of the two elements was measured from ... | 2014 | 24865507 |
| analysis of mitochondrial dna using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers of isonuclear allocytoplasmic male sterile wheat accessions and their maintainer lines. | to produce a good f1 hybrid variety wheat crop, it is necessary to explore novel cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) lines and their maintainer line. this study aimed to identify cytoplasmic variation in three isonuclear-alloplasmic male sterile lines aegilops kotschyi (ae.kots) -90-110, aegilops ventricosa (ae.ven) -90-110, and triticum spelta (t.spelta) -90-110 and their maintainer line, a-90-110, at the molecular level. mitochondrial dna (mtdna) was isolated using a combination of centrifugation ... | 2013 | 24301781 |
| [analysis of three wheat cytoplasmic male sterile lines mitochondrial dna by aflp]. | cytoplasmic male sterility is an important way to utilize wheat heterosis. the purpose of thisstudy was to identify cytoplasmic type of three wheat male sterile lines. amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) marker technique was used to analyze the wheat mitochondrial dna. we isolated mitochondria by differential centrifugation and density gradient ultracentrifugation. the results show that the extracted mitochondrial dna was pure. it was suitable for pcr and genetic analysis. we got 4 pai ... | 2013 | 24010362 |
| food labeling: gluten-free labeling of foods. final rule. | the food and drug administration (fda or we) is issuing a final rule to define the term "gluten-free'' for voluntary use in the labeling of foods. the final rule defines the term "gluten-free'' to mean that the food bearing the claim does not contain an ingredient that is a gluten-containing grain (e.g., spelt wheat); an ingredient that is derived from a gluten-containing grain and that has not been processed to remove gluten (e.g., wheat flour); or an ingredient that is derived from a gluten-co ... | 2013 | 23923139 |
| effect of mineral elements on physicochemical properties of oxidised starches and generation of free radicals. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of enrichment of oxidised starches with mineral compounds on their physicochemical properties and capability for free radical generation. potato and spelt wheat starches were oxidised with sodium hypochlorite and, afterwards, modified with ions of potassium, magnesium and iron. the modified starches were analysed for: content of mineral elements, colour parameters (l*a*b*), water binding capacity solubility in water at temperature of 50 and ... | 2013 | 23911455 |
| comparison of phenolic acids profile and antioxidant potential of six varieties of spelt (triticum spelta l.). | phenolic acids profile and antioxidant activity of six diverse varieties of spelt are reported. antioxidant activity was assessed using eight methods based on different mechanism of action. phenolic acids composition of spelt differed significantly between varieties and ranged from 506.6 to 1257.4 μg/g dw. ferulic and sinapinic acids were the predominant phenolic acids found in spelt. total ferulic acid content ranged from 144.2 to 691.5 μg/g dw. all analyzed spelt varieties possessed high antio ... | 2012 | 22500695 |
| molecular characterization of a new waxy allele with partial expression in spelt wheat. | starch composition which is dependent on the waxy protein, the enzyme responsible for amylose synthesis in the grain, is an important aspect of the wheat quality. in this report, we describe the characterization of a novel wx-a1 allele (wx-a1g formerly known as -wx-a1a) in spanish spelt wheat lines which is responsible for a remarkable decline in the concentration of wx-a1 protein found in the endosperm. comparison of the dna sequences in the wx-a1a and wx-a1g alleles showed the presence of a 16 ... | 2012 | 22203323 |
| alkylresorcinols in wheat varieties in the healthgrain diversity screen. | the contents of alkylresorcinols (ar) were analyzed in 131 winter wheats, 20 spring wheats, 10 durum wheats, 5 spelt wheats, and 10 early cultivated forms of wheat (5 diploid einkorn and 5 tetraploid emmer), which are part of the healthgrain diversity screen. ar were analyzed by gas chromatography (gc), which provides both total contents and relative homologue compositions, as well as with a fast blue colorimetric method that provides only total contents but which is fast and easily screens a la ... | 2008 | 18921971 |
| [identification of rapd markers linked to the resistance gene yr5 against wheat stripe rust with denaturing page-silver staining]. | rapd analysis was performed between a near-isogenic line (nil) yr5/6 x avocet s carrying the resistance gene yr5 against wheat stripe rust and its susceptible parent avocet s, using the yr5 gene donor parent triticum spelta album as control. amplified dna fragments were separated on 4% denaturing page (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and displayed by silver staining. fifty to 100 bands were detected, 5 folds more than those revealed on agarose gels. a total of 240 random primers were screene ... | 2004 | 15195566 |
| [rapd markers linked to the stripe rust resistance gene yr5 in the wheat variety triticum spelta album]. | a total of 520 10-mer random primers were used to identify the rapd markers linked to the yr5 gene between the near-isogenic line yr5/6 x avocet s and recurrent parent avocet s. three polymorphic dna fragments, s1496(761), s1453(880) and s1418(1950), were found linked to the yr5 gene. in which the genetic distance between s1496(761) and yr5 gene was 2.7 cm. the fragment s1496(761) was recovered from the gel and cloned and sequenced. a pair of specific pcr primers was designed based on the sequen ... | 2002 | 12200864 |
| [study of a collection of triticum spelta l. wheat species using gliadin polymorphism]. | using gliadins, endosperm storage proteins of kernels, as markers, the genetic diversity of 170 samples from the triticum spelta l. collection of the vavilov institute of plant industry was studied. high intraspecific polymorphism of the gliadin electrophoretic patterns was revealed. on the basis of similarity of the gliadin electrophoretic patterns, groups of samples were isolated, and the genetic structurization of the collection was performed. | 2001 | 11642129 |
| is spelt wheat toxic to those with celiac disease? | | 2000 | 10997382 |
| rflp mapping of the vernalization (vrn1) and frost resistance (fr1) genes on chromosome 5a of wheat. | a population of single chromosome recombinant lines was developed from the cross between a frost-sensitive, vernalization-insensitive substitution line, 'chinese spring' (triticum spelta 5a) and a frost-tolerant, vernalization-sensitive line, 'chinese spring' ('cheyenne' 5a), and used to map the genes vrn1 and fr1 controlling vernalization requirement and frost tolerance, respectively, relative to rflp markers located on this chromosome. the vrn1 and fr1 loci were located closely linked on the d ... | 1995 | 24173081 |
| identification and localization of molecular markers linked to the lr9 leaf rust resistance gene of wheat. | near-isogenic lines (nils) for the leaf rust resistance gene lr9 were screened for polymorphisms at the molecular level. rapd (random amplified polymorphic dna) primers as well as rflp (restriction fragment length polymorphism) markers were used. out of 395 rapd primers tested, three showed polymorphisms between nils, i.e., an additional band was found in resistant lines. one of these polymorphic bands was cloned and sequenced. specific primers were synthesized, and after amplification only resi ... | 1994 | 24185890 |
| [phylogenetics of isfahan spelt wheat--t. isphahanicum heslot]. | it is found that the genomes of t. ispahanicum are incompatible with the genome of diploid wheat species. t. ispahanicum has the ab genome structure and its genotype differs from that of other wheat species by the presence of homozygous factors p, u and s. t. ispahanicum originated from t. dicoccum or t. dicoccoides as a result of genetical recombinations and subsequent selection. its cultivation is secondary in relation to that of emmer wheat. | 2008 | 705884 |
| the origin of triticum spelta and its free-threshing hexaploid relatives. | | 1946 | 20985728 |