| the nature of a primary feeding habit in different age-sex classes of yellow baboons (papio cynocephalus). | two feeding habits of 30 baboons selected equally from five age-sex classes were studied at mikumi national park, tanzania. the finding, gathering, and preparing of sedge corms and of seeds of tamarind fruit were described in detail. adults obtained these foods faster than younger animals, although even small juveniles and weaned infants were efficient in gathering and preparing them. while gathering sedges or tamarinds, adult males sat in one place longer than others and obtained more food per ... | 1978 | 101429 |
| [two years feeding toxicity study of tamarind seed polysaccharide in rats (author's transl)]. | tamarind seed polysaccharide (glyloid) was incorporated at the level of 4, 8, 12% in a standard commercial diet and fed ad lib. to male and female rats for 2 years. no significant changes were noted in the behavior, mortality, body weight, food intake, biochemical analysis of urine and blood, hematological test, organ weight and histopathological findings of rats receiving glyloid. in all groups containing control group, spontaneous diseases with aging, such as myocardial change, nephropathy, ma ... | 1978 | 573334 |
| phytopharmaceutical evaluation of tamarindus indica [proceedings]. | | 1977 | 602204 |
| inhibitory effect of oligosaccharides derived from plant xyloglucan on intestinal glucose absorption in rat. | we studied the effects of oligosaccharides which were obtained from tamarind xyloglucan by cellulase digestion on absorption of 3-o-methyl-d-glucose using the everted sacs from rat small intestine. among oligosaccharides tested, octasaccharide and nonasaccharide, which contain d-galactose residue at non-reducing terminals, inhibited effectively absorption of 3-o-methyl-d-glucose, and their inhibitory effects were concentration-dependent. on the other hand, heptasaccharide not having d-galactose ... | 1992 | 1291644 |
| effect of biological and synthetic polymers on bk virus infectivity and hemagglutination. | the effect of several biological and synthetic polymers, chosen on the basis of different physical and chemical properties, was investigated on bk virus infectivity and hemagglutination. it was observed that polyanions like mucin, dextran sulfate and heparin depressed the viral binding, whereas polycations had no significant activity, with the exception of poly-l-lysine, which enhanced it. the effect of the active polymers was studied in different experimental conditions and the results obtained ... | 1992 | 1328555 |
| xyloglucan oligosaccharide alpha-l-fucosidase activity from growing pea stems and germinating nasturtium seeds. | [14c]fucose-labelled xyloglucan (xg) was synthesized from tamarind seed xg by incubating it with gdp-[14c]fucose plus solubilized pea fucosyltransferase, and [14c]fucose-labelled xg nonasaccharide was prepared from the parent hemicellulose by partial hydrolysis with fungal cellulase. alpha-l-fucosidase activity was readily detected in crude enzyme extracts of growing regions of etiolated pea stems (pisum sativum) and in cotyledons of germinating nasturtium seedlings (tropaeolum majus) using the ... | 1991 | 1367786 |
| acceptor requirements for gdp-fucose:xyloglucan 1,2-alpha-l-fucosyltransferase activity solubilized from pea epicotyl membranes. | gdp-fucose:xyloglucan (xg) fucosyltransferase from growing pisum epicotyl tissue was solubilized in detergent and used to examine the capacity of intact xg from tamarindus seeds, and its partial hydrolysis products, to act as fucose acceptors with gdp-[14c]fucose as donor. native seed xg (mr greater than 10(6) da) was partially depolymerized by incubation with trichoderma cellulase for various periods of time. cellulase was inactivated and reaction mixtures were incubated with gdp-[14c]fucose pl ... | 1992 | 1550346 |
| structure and solution properties of tamarind-seed polysaccharide. | the major polysaccharide in tamarind seed is a galactoxyloglucan for which the ratios galactose:xylose:glucose are 1:2:25:2.8. a minor polysaccharide (2-3%) contains branched (1----5)-alpha-l-arabinofuranan and unbranched (1----4)-beta-d-galactopyranan features. small-angle x-ray scattering experiments gave values for the cross-sectional radius of the polymer in aqueous solution that were typical of single-stranded molecules. marked stiffness of the chain (c infinity 110) was deduced from static ... | 1991 | 1769022 |
| mutagenic activity of south indian food items. | dietary components and food dishes commonly consumed in south india were screened for their mutagenic activity. kesari powder, calamus oil, palm drink, toddy and kewra essence were found to be strongly mutagenic; garlic, palm oil, arrack, onion and pyrolysed portions of bread toast, chicory powder were weakly mutagenic, while tamarind and turmeric were not. certain salted, sundried and oil fried food items were also mutagenic. cissus quadrangularis was mutagenic, while 'decoctions' of cumin seed ... | 1991 | 1769715 |
| enzyme-gold cytochemistry of seed xyloglucans using two xyloglucan-specific hydrolases. importance of prior heat-deactivation of the enzymes. | two pure, homogeneous xyloglucan-hydrolyzing enzymes from germinated nasturtium seeds have been used to localize xyloglucans specifically in seed cell walls. the enzymes, a novel endo (1----4)-beta-d-glucanase which shows absolute specificity towards xyloglucans and a beta-d-galactosidase which is capable of removing galactosyl residues from polymeric xyloglucans, were used to stabilize gold sols. the complexes were applied to ultrathin sections of nasturtium (tropaeolum majus l) and tamarind (t ... | 1991 | 1783560 |
| high-performance reversed-phase chromatographic mapping of 2-pyridylamino derivatives of xyloglucan oligosaccharides. | xyloglucan oligosaccharides from cotton cell walls and tamarind seeds were derivatized with 2-aminopyridine and subsequently separated by reversed-phase chromatography (r.p.c.) using an octadecylsilyl silica stationary phase and aqueous-organic eluents with 0.01% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid. the chromatographic behavior of the 2-pyridylamino derivatives of xyloglucan oligosaccharides was examined under a wide range of elution conditions, including gradient steepness and shape, initial acetonitril ... | 1991 | 1786579 |
| [textual research on luohuangzi]. | by studying ancient and modern literatures and observing the material object, we have come to the conclusion that the fruit called "luohuangzi" in ancient times should be the seed of sterculia nobilis rather than tamarindus indica. we therefore suggest that "luohuangzi" be no longer used as another name for t. indica, and, in order to eliminate the confusion about the name and material object of "luohuangzi". tamarindus should be called the "genus shuandou" in chinese instead of the "genus luowa ... | 1991 | 1804193 |
| effect of cumin, cinnamon, ginger, mustard and tamarind in induced hypercholesterolemic rats. | the effect of a few common spices--cumin (cuminum cyminum, cinnamon (cinnamomum zeylanicum), ginger (zingiber officinale), mustard (brassica nigra) and tamarind (tamarindus indica)--added to normal and hypercholesterolemia inducing diet on serum and liver cholesterol levels in rats was studied. these spices did not show any cholesterol lowering effect when included in the diet at about 5-fold the normal human intake level. | 1991 | 1865890 |
| solubilization and properties of gdp-fucose: xyloglucan 1,2-alpha-l-fucosyltransferase from pea epicotyl membranes. | gdp-fucose:xyloglucan 1,2-alpha-l-fucosyltransferase from pea (pisum sativum) epicotyl microsomal membranes was readily solubilized by extraction with the zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (chaps). when using gdp-[14c]fucose as fucosyl donor and tamarind xyloglucan (xg) as acceptor, maximum activation was observed at 0.3% (w/v) chaps and the highest yield of solubilized activity at 0.4%. the reaction product was hydrolyzed by trichoderma cellulase t ... | 1991 | 1898102 |
| structural analysis of xyloglucan oligosaccharides by 1h-n.m.r. spectroscopy and fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry. | a method to determine rapidly the identities and proportions of the oligosaccharide repeating-units in plant cell-wall xyloglucans by 1d 1h-n.m.r. spectroscopy was developed. six of the most commonly found xyloglucan oligosaccharide subunits (including three subunits that had not been fully characterized previously) were prepared by endo-(1----4)-beta-d-glucanase digestion of xyloglucans from various plant species. the oligosaccharides were reduced to the corresponding oligoglycosyl-alditols, pu ... | 1990 | 2379217 |
| preparation and characterization of antibodies against 6-o-alpha-d-xylopyranosyl-beta-d-glucopyranose (beta-isoprimeverose), the disaccharide unit of xyloglucan in plant cell-walls. | the p-aminophenyl beta-glycoside of 6-o-alpha-d-xylopyranosyl-d-glucopyranose (isoprimeverose), the disaccharide unit of plant xyloglucan, was coupled to bovine serum albumin, and the resulting glycoconjugate was used as an immunogen for the immunization of a rabbit. the immunochemical specificities of the rabbit antiserum raised against the glycoconjugate were characterized by immunodiffusion, quantitative precipitation, and hapten inhibition. after removal of anti-bovine serum albumin antibodi ... | 1989 | 2505926 |
| influence of spices and spice principles on hepatic mixed function oxygenase system in rats. | the status of hepatic mixed function oxygenase system (mfos) was investigated in rats fed spice principles: capsaicin, piperine and curcumin, as well as spices: cumin, ginger, fenugreek, cinnamon, asafoetida, mustard and tamarind at two dietary levels each. liver microsomal cytochrome p450-dependent aryl hydroxylase was generally stimulated by these spice principles and spices. cumin, ginger and fenugreek also stimulated the levels of cytochrome p450 and cytochrome b5 and cumin and tamarind stim ... | 1989 | 2628260 |
| fucosylation of exogenous xyloglucans by pea microsomal membranes. | microsomal membrane preparations from growing regions of etiolated pea stems catalyzed the transfer of [14c]fucosyl units from gdp-[u-14c]-l-fucose into exogenously added xyloglucan acceptors, as well as into endogenous xyloglucan. the transfer was more effective using nonfucosylated tamarind seed xyloglucan than with pea wall xyloglucan in which almost all galactose units are already fucosylated. hydrolysis of products by endo-1,4-beta-d-glucanase yielded in each case radioactive nonasaccharide ... | 1988 | 3134858 |
| a natural food, the malabar tamarind, may be effective in the treatment of obesity. | | 1988 | 3205204 |
| in vivo effect of tamarind (tamarindus indicus l.) on urolith inhibitory activity in urine. | | 1987 | 3453815 |
| purification and properties of a novel xyloglucan-specific endo-(1----4)-beta-d-glucanase from germinated nasturtium seeds (tropaeolum majus l.). | endo-(1----4)-beta-d-glucanase activity has previously been detected in the cotyledons of germinated nasturtium (tropaeolum majus l.) seeds, and has been linked to the hydrolysis in vivo of storage xyloglucan (amyloid) (edwards, m., dea, i. c. m., bulpin, p. v., and reid, j. s. g. (1985) planta (berl.) 163, 133-140). extracts from the cotyledons of 14-day seedlings are now shown to contain a single endo-glucanase activity, and it has been purified to apparent homogeneity by sequential anion-exch ... | 1986 | 3722207 |
| oliva vidua fulminans, a marine mollusc, responsible for five fatal cases of neurotoxic food poisoning in sabah, malaysia. | this is the first report in which a marine mollusc, oliva vidua fulminans (olives), generally not known to be poisonous, was responsible for death in five children after consuming boiled olives with tamarind. the onset of symptoms was rapid 10 to 20 min after consumption of the olives. signs and symptoms included nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, tingling sensation around the lips, numbness around the mouth, drowsiness, lethargy and generalized weakness with paraesthesia in the limbs. the five d ... | 1986 | 3727000 |
| [a case of occupational allergy to tamarind flour]. | | 1970 | 4251255 |
| observation on the bacteriostatic property of extract of tamarindus indica leaf (til). 2. | | 1970 | 5499245 |
| [sensitizing effect of an extract of tamarind seeds used as sizing in weaving]. | | 1966 | 6011164 |
| population and troop ranges of lemur catta and lemur fulvus at berenty, madagascar: 1980 census. | the november 1980 census suggests that population size and troop ranges have remained stable since 1972 and in a small area since 1963. this prolongs the apparent stability described by some authors, remarkable in a 200-ha reserve containing a maximum of 300 lemur catta. however, inadvertent introduction of lemur fulvus rufus and apparent loss of tamarind trees, as well as general genetic and biogeographic considerations, imply this stability may not continue. berently underlines the need for lo ... | 1982 | 7141348 |
| [microflora in pasteurized fruit juices in venezuela]. | a total of 96 pasteurized fruit juice samples obtained at retail level and packed in pure-pak containers were analyzed, to determine their ph and mould yeasts counts. the isolated microflora were identified by macroscopic and microscopic techniques besides biochemical reactions. the ph rate values were the following: cocktail fruit, ph 2.3-4.3; orange, ph 2.8-3.7; passion fruit, ph 2.3-3.7; and tamarind, ph 2.5-3.7. the yeast and mould counts per ml were: cocktail fruit, 0-8.0 x 10(3), orange, 1 ... | 1982 | 7171280 |
| fractionation of xyloglucan fragments and their interaction with cellulose. | tamarind seed xyloglucan was partially degraded with a purified endoglucanase (endov) from trichoderma viride. analysis by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography showed that this digest was composed of fragments consisting of 1 to 10 repeating oligosaccharide units ([xg]1-[xg]10). to study the adsorption of xyloglucan fragments to cellulose in detail, this digest was fractionated on biogel p-6. fragments were separated satisfactorily up to 5 repeating oligosaccharide units ([xg]5). the g ... | 1995 | 7659752 |
| [traditional therapy of dracunculiasis in the state of bauchi - nigeria]. | traditional medicinal treatments of guinea worm being applied in various parts of bauchi state were investigated. extracts of leaves of a number of plants were universally applied topically. users perceived relief of pain and accelerated expulsion of worms and healing process. in particular, tamarindus indica, adansonia digitata, calotropis procera, ziziphus jaozeiro and moringa olifera are known in nature to have relevant medicinal properties especially lessening of inflammation, relief of pain ... | 1993 | 7758381 |
| measurement of oligosaccharides derived from tamarind xyloglucan by competitive elisa assay. | xyloglucan oligosaccharides, which were derived from tamarind xyloglucan by cellulase digestion, were measured by a competitive elisa method using antibodies raised against a complex of bsa and xyloglucan nonasaccharide. by this method, tamarind xyloglucan oligosaccharides could be measured in the range of 0.1 to 40 nmol/well. | 1994 | 7765725 |
| accidental acute fatal sodium nitrite poisoning. | an accidental food poisoning outbreak occurred resulting in the death of 14 of the 22 affected persons. chemical analysis of food materials revealed the presence of sodium nitrite and potassium arsenate. analysis of urine, gastric contents, liver and kidney, collected at the time of autopsy, confirmed the presence of these chemical substances in high concentrations. epidemiological data indicated that the food poisoning occurred due to the accidental use of sodium nitrite and potassium arsenate ... | 1995 | 7897751 |
| estimation of xyloglucan in vegetables by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | we prepared the antibody specific against plant xyloglucan and applied it to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in order to estimate xyloglucan contents in several vegetables. in this experiment, xyloglucan was detected in the 24% aqueous potassium hydroxide-soluble fractions of tomato, cabbage, lettuce, and eggplant. the xyloglucan contents of these vegetables were estimated to be 1.4 mg, 54 micrograms, 14 micrograms, and 4 micrograms per one hundred grams of their edible portions, respectively, ... | 1993 | 8006716 |
| significant reduction in chloroquine bioavailability following coadministration with the sudanese beverages aradaib, karkadi and lemon. | chloroquine bioavailability in healthy males was examined following oral coadministration of 600 mg with three common sudanese beverages, aradaib (tamarindus indica), karkadi (hibiscus sabdarifa) and lemon (citrus limetta) and drinking water. the tablets and beverages were taken on an empty stomach after an overnight fast. the plasma chloroquine concentrations were measured by hplc. the extent and rate of chloroquine bioavailability were described by the area under the plasma concentrations vers ... | 1994 | 8089046 |
| a (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-glucan-specific monoclonal antibody and its use in the quantitation and immunocytochemical location of (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-glucans. | monoclonal antibodies were raised against a (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-glucan-bovine serum albumin (bsa) conjugate. one antibody (bg1) selected for further characterization, was specific for (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-glucan, displaying no binding activity against a (1-->3)-beta-glucan-bsa conjugate and minimal binding against a cellopentaose-bsa conjugate. a range of oligosaccharides was prepared by enzymatic digestion of (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-glucan, purified by size exclusion chromatography and characterized by ... | 1994 | 8130794 |
| precursors of n-nitroso compounds in some nigerian medicinal plants. | twenty-seven tropical plants of medicinal importance were analysed for primary and secondary amines by chemiluminescence detection on a thermal energy analyzer (tea) modified for use on 'nitrogen mode' following derivatization with benzene sulphonyl chloride (bsc) and gas chromatographic (gc) separation of their sulphonamides. nitrite was determined by colorimetry at 540 nm after diazotization with sulphanilamide and coupling with n-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine to form an azo dye. nitrate was det ... | 1994 | 8187049 |
| xyloglucan endotransglycosylase activity in pea internodes. effects of applied gibberellic acid. | xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (xet) activity extractable from internodes of tall and dwarf varieties of pea (pisum sativum l.) was assayed radiochemically using tamarind seed xyloglucan as donor substrate and an oligosaccharidyl-[3h]alditol as acceptor substrate. internodes i and ii showed little elongation during the period 15 to 21 d after sowing; xet activity remained relatively constant and was unaffected by exogenous gibberellic acid (ga3). a single application of ga3 to the dwarf genotyp ... | 1993 | 8208849 |
| investigations of the architecture of tamarind seed polysaccharide in aqueous solution by different scattering techniques. | the architecture of tamarind seed polysaccharide (tsp) has been investigated by light scattering (ls), small angle x-ray scattering (saxs) and synchrotron radiation scattering (srsaxs). the experimental data show that tsp in aqueous solution consists of multi stranded aggregates, with a high degree of particle stiffness. the angular dependence of the scattered intensity is typical for wormlike chains. data evaluation on the basis of this model yields a statistical kuhn segment length lk = 150 nm ... | 1993 | 8241067 |
| post-bulbar and coexisting ulceration: unique features of peptic ulcer in hyderabad. | post-bulbar ulceration is uncommon, but a pilot study in hyderabad showed a high incidence. we therefore carried out a prospective endoscopic study of the distribution of peptic ulceration and its relation to symptoms and demography. of the 360 consecutive patients referred for endoscopy, 113 (92 men, 21 women) had peptic ulceration. median age 35 years, median duration one year. five patients (4%) had gastric ulcer, 77 (68%) had duodenal ulcer, and 31 (28%) had coexisting gastric and duodenal u ... | 1993 | 8244096 |
| structural analysis of tamarind seed xyloglucan oligosaccharides using beta-galactosidase digestion and spectroscopic methods. | the borohydride-reduced forms (oligoglycosyl alditols) of two isomeric octasaccharides (glc4xyl3gal) that are released from xyloglucans of various plant species upon treatment with a fungal endo-(1-->4)-beta-glucanase were isolated and structurally characterized. a mixture of oligosaccharides that is released from tamarind seed xyloglucan by the endo-(1-->4)-beta- glucanase was digested with a commercially available beta-galactosidase (aspergillus niger). the beta-galactosidase selectively hydro ... | 1993 | 8252539 |
| action of a pure xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase (formerly called xyloglucan-specific endo-(1-->4)-beta-d-glucanase) from the cotyledons of germinated nasturtium seeds. | the action on tamarind seed xyloglucan of the pure, xyloglucan-specific endo-(1-->4)-beta-d-glucanase from nasturtium (tropaeolum majus l.) cotyledons has been compared with that of a pure endo-(1-->)-beta-d-glucanase ('cellulase') of fungal origin. the fungal enzyme hydrolysed the polysaccharide almost completely to a mixture of the four xyloglucan oligosaccharides: [formula: see text] exhaustive digestion with the nasturtium enzyme gave the same four oligosaccharides plus large amounts of high ... | 1993 | 8374618 |
| immunomodulatory effects of a polysaccharide from tamarindus indica. | a polysaccharide isolated and purified from tamarindus indica shows immunomodulatory activities such as phagocytic enhancement, leukocyte migration inhibition and inhibition of cell proliferation. these properties suggest that this polysaccharide from t. indica may have some biological applications. | 1993 | 8490201 |
| a cytotoxic principle of tamarindus indica, di-n-butyl malate and the structure-activity relationship of its analogues. | bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract of tamarindus indica fruits led to the isolation of l-(-)-di-n-butyl malate which exhibited a pronounced cytotoxic activity against sea urchin embryo cells. in order to study structure-activity relationships, close-structure relatives of di-n-butyl malate were synthesized using d-(+)- and l-(-)-malic acid as starting materials, and their cytotoxic activities were examined for the sea urchin embryo assay. l-(-)-di-n-pentyl malate was the mos ... | 1996 | 8639230 |
| a new polysaccharide from a traditional nigerian plant food: detarium senegalense gmelin. | the seed flour of an african leguminous plant, detarium senegalense gmelin, is used traditionally in nigeria as a thickening agent in foods. recent studies have shown that the detarium seed contains a large amount of water-soluble, non-starch polysaccharide (s-nsp), which suggests it has important nutritional properties. the aims of the present study were to characterise the structure and solution properties of purified s-nsp. the main monosaccharide residues of the extracted s-nsp were glucose, ... | 1996 | 8653722 |
| lack of carcinogenicity of tamarind seed polysaccharide in b6c3f1 mice. | the carcinogenic potential of tamarind seed polysaccharide was examined in both sexes of b6c3f1 mice. groups of 50 male and 50 female animals were given diets containing 0, 1.25 and 5% of tamarind seed polysaccharide for 78 wk. body weight retardation was exhibited by the females in the 1.25 and 5% groups from 34 wk to termination. however, there were no treatment-related clinical signs or adverse effects on survival rate, food and water consumption, haematology findings or organ weights. detail ... | 1996 | 8655095 |
| improved protocol for the formation of n-(p-nitrobenzyloxy)aminoalditol derivatives of oligosaccharides. | an improved procedure has been developed for the rapid derivatization of oligosaccharides with uv-detectable p-nitrobenzylhydroxylamine (pnb). the improved conditions used result in quantitative derivatization of neutral oligosaccharides. sialylated oligosaccharides can also be quantitatively pnb-derivatized without detectable desialylation. of the oligosaccharides tested, only the derivatization of oligogalactosyluronic acids was incomplete (yield approximately 70%). pnb-derivatization of tamar ... | 1996 | 8721734 |
| alpha-l-fucosyltransferases from radish primary roots. | a novel alpha-l-fucosyltransferase capable of transferring l-fucose (l-fuc) from gdp-l-fuc to the o-2 of alpha-l-arabinofuranosyl residue (gdp-l-fuc:alpha-l-arabinofuranoside 2-alpha-l-fucosyltransferase) has been found in the microsomal fraction of primary roots from 6-d-old radish (raphanus sativus l.) seedlings. enzyme activity was measured fluorometrically at 25 degrees c using a pyridylaminated trisaccharide, l-arabinofuranosylf alpha(1-->3)d-galactopyranosyl beta(1-->6)d-galactose (aragalg ... | 1996 | 8742340 |
| substrate subsite recognition of the xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase or xyloglucan-specific endo-(1-->4)-beta-d-glucanase from the cotyledons of germinated nasturtium (tropaeolum majus l.) seeds. | we have investigated the substrate subsite recognition requirement of the xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase/xyloglucan-specific endo-(1-->4)-beta-d-glucanase (nxet) from the cotyledons of nasturtium seedlings. seed xyloglucans are composed almost entirely of the glc4 subunits xxxg, xlxg, xxlg and xllg, where g represents an unsubstituted glucose residue, x a xylose-substituted glucose residue and l a galactosyl-xylose-substituted glucose residue. thus in the xyloglucan sequence shown below, the x ... | 1996 | 8904807 |
| nutrient composition and nutritional importance of green leaves and wild food resources in an agricultural district, koutiala, in southern mali. | this paper discusses the nutrient composition and the nutritional importance of green leaves and wild gathered foods in an area with surplus food production in mali. in this west african country, there is little information about the nutrient composition and the nutritional quality of foods in general, and of wild gathered foods in particular. food frequency was collected in two cross-sectional surveys. focus group discussions with women in the area were used to collect information about seasona ... | 1996 | 8933199 |
| effect of tamarindus indica l. on the bioavailability of aspirin in healthy human volunteers. | the influence of tamarindus indica l. fruit extract incorporated in a traditional meal on the bioavailability of aspirin tablets 600 mg dose was studied in 6 healthy volunteers. there was a statistically significant increase in the plasma levels of aspirin and salicylic acid, respectively, when the meal containing tamarindus indica fruit extract was administered with the aspirin tablets than when taken under fasting state or with the meal without the fruit extract. the cmax, auc0-6h and t1/2 for ... | 1996 | 8980919 |
| fine substrate specificities of four exo-type cellulases produced by aspergillus niger, trichoderma reesei, and irpex lacteus on (1-->3), (1-->4)-beta-d-glucans and xyloglucan. | to investigate the fine substrate specificities of four highly purified exo-type cellulases (exo-a from aspergillus niger, cbhi and cbhii from trichoderma reesei, and ex-1 from irpex lacteus), water-soluble substrates such as barley glucan, xyloglucan from tamarind (tamarindus indica l.), and their oligosaccharides were employed. four exo-type cellulases immediately hydrolyzed 3-o-beta-d-cellotriosylglucose to produce cellobiose and laminaribiose. in contrast, cbhii showed no hydrolytic activity ... | 1996 | 9010760 |
| antiviral activity of natural and semisynthetic polysaccharides on the early steps of rubella virus infection. | the natural and semisynthetic carbohydrates scleroglucan, locust bean gum, tamarind gum (glyloid) and its three sulphate derivatives (gp4311, gp4327 and gp4324), glycogen and its two sulphate derivatives (gp4427 and gp4435), alginic acid and dextran sulphate, were investigated for their inhibitory effect on rubella virus (rv) infection of vero cells. the neutral polymer scleroglucan and two highly negatively charged compounds, glyloid sulphate 4324 and dextran sulphate, had the highest inhibitor ... | 1997 | 9096183 |
| xyloglucan galactosyl- and fucosyltransferase activities from pea epicotyl microsomes. | microsomal membranes from growing tissue of pea (pisum sativum l.) epicotyls were incubated with the substrate udp-[14c]galactose (gal) with or without tamarind seed xyloglucan (xg) as a potential galactosyl acceptor. added tamarind seed xg enhanced incorporation of [14c]gal into high-molecular-weight products (eluted from columns of sepharose cl-6b in the void volume) that were trichloroacetic acid-soluble but insoluble in 67% ethanol. these products were hydrolyzed by cellulase to fragments co ... | 1997 | 9159950 |
| structural analyses of xyloglucan heptasaccharide by the post-source decay fragment method using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | in the post-source decay (psd) fragment spectrum of a reduced xyloglucan heptasaccharide (xxxgol) from tamarind seeds, eleven sodium-adduct fragment ions and a precursor ion [m + na]+ were clearly observed by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tofms). each fragment ion interval corresponded to the absence of unhydroxylose, unhydroglucose, and glucitol residues, indicating that psd fragmentation cleavage in the sugar compound occurred only at ... | 1997 | 9301126 |
| a new family of oligosaccharides from the xyloglucan of hymenaea courbaril l. (leguminosae) cotyledons. | the xyloglucan from cotyledons of hymenaea courbaril was hydrolysed with endo-(1,4)-beta-d-glucanase (cellulase) and analysed by tlc and hpaec. the limit digest was different from those obtained from xyloglucans of tamarindus indica and copaifera langsdorffii. on treatment with nasturtium beta-galactosidase, two main oligosaccharides were detected by tlc and hpaec. using a process of enzymatic sequencing involving alternate treatments with a pure xyloglucan oligosaccharide-specific alpha-xylosid ... | 1997 | 9352637 |
| influence of different glycosidic linkages on relative ion intensities in post-source decay fragmentation of a xyloglucan heptaoligosaccharide using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | post-source decay fragment analysis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tofms) has been applied to a highly branched xyloglucan heptasaccharide from tamarind seed. all fragment ions were produced by cleavage of the glycosidic linkages, including multi-site cleavages. the relative intensities of fragment ions that originated from one-site cleavages of the glycosidic linkages were much higher than those arising from two-site cleavages of the sa ... | 1998 | 9534251 |
| potassium contents of northeastern thai foods. | from our previous nutritional assessment, low potassium (k) intake among northeastern thai males has been clearly demonstrated. this prompted us to undertake a survey of the k content of local foods. food samples comprised of 57 animal and 142 plant products which were collected from various places in the northeast of thailand. the dry ashing method was used to prepare the samples for k analysis using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. foods could be divided into 7 groups according to their ... | 1998 | 9737115 |
| thermally reversible xyloglucan gels as vehicles for rectal drug delivery. | the aim of this study was to investigate the potential application of thermoreversible gels formed by a xyloglucan polysaccharide derived from tamarind seed for rectal drug delivery. xyloglucan that had been partially degraded by beta-galactosidase to eliminate 44% of galactose residues formed gels at concentrations of between 1 to 2% w/w at gelation temperatures decreasing over the range 27 to 22 degreesc with increasing concentration. the in vitro release of indomethacin and diltiazem from the ... | 1998 | 9801431 |
| lead leaching from pressure cookers. | leachability of lead by tap water and tamarind solution from indian pressure cookers while cooking with and without a safety valve is studied. lead contamination of food by cookers is not very high when compared to the daily intake of lead from various food items consumed by the indian community. however, looking at the very wide range of lead levels leached from various brands of pressure cookers, it certainly seems possible to keep the lead contamination to the minimum by proper choice of the ... | 1998 | 9926430 |
| jamu gendong, a kind of traditional medicine in indonesia: the microbial contamination of its raw materials and endproduct. | an examination on the microbiological quality of seven kinds of jamu gendong (jg) and their raw materials has been conducted according to the requirements of microbial contamination in traditional medicine, issued by the department of health of indonesia in 1986. samples of jg and their raw materials were taken from producers in three districts of surabaya. the samples were subject to the following examinations: total plate count (tpc), mpn coliform, the enumeration of molds and yeasts, the pres ... | 1998 | 10030724 |
| inhibition of uv-induced immune suppression and interleukin-10 production by plant oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. | application of aloe barbadensis poly/oligosaccharides to uv-irradiated skin prevents photosuppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) responses in mice. we tested the hypothesis that these carbohydrates belong to a family of biologically active, plant-derived polysaccharides that can regulate responses to injury in animal tissues. c3h mice were exposed to 5 kj/m2 uvb from unfiltered fs40 sunlamps and treated with between 1 pg and 10 micrograms tamarind xyloglucans or control polysaccharid ... | 1999 | 10048309 |
| antiinflammatory activity of some extracts from plants used in the traditional medicine of north-african countries (ii). | aqueous, ethanol and chloroform extracts from corrigiliola telephiifolia, echinops spinosus, kundmannia sicula, tamarindus indica and zygophyllum gaetulum were evaluated for antiinflammatory properties in mice (ear oedema induced by arachidonic acid) and rats (subplantar oedema induced by carrageenan) after topical or i.p. administration, respectively. our results showed that all the plants exhibit antiinflammatory activity, since at least one extract from each plant was active in one of the exp ... | 1999 | 10190185 |
| development of a simple dry eye model in the albino rabbit and evaluation of some tear substitutes. | the present paper is concerned with the development of a simple dry eye model in the rabbit, induced by daily repeated instillations of 1.0% atropine sulphate. the evolution of the dry eye syndrome in the animals was assessed by the schirmer i test and by examination of the cornea after fluorescein staining. the model produced rapidly some typical dry eye symptoms and could be satisfactorily used for a preliminary assessment of the protective activity of some polymeric tear substitutes. these we ... | 1999 | 10224507 |
| purification of xyloglucan endotransglycosylases (xets): a generally applicable and simple method based on reversible formation of an enzyme-substrate complex. | we describe a novel and general, mechanism-based, method for purification of xyloglucan endotransglycosylases (xets) from crude plant extracts. putative isoforms, obtained by step-wise precipitation with (nh4)2so4, were incubated with tamarind xyloglucan (approximately 1 mda) to form stable xyloglucan-xet complexes with apparent molecular masses >500 kda on gel-permeation chromatography (gpc). subsequent addition of xyloglucan-derived oligosaccharides (a mixture of xet acceptor substrates) cause ... | 1999 | 10229676 |
| thermally reversible xyloglucan gels as vehicles for oral drug delivery. | the potential, as sustained release vehicles, of gels formed in situ following the oral administration of dilute aqueous solutions of a xyloglucan polysaccharide derived from tamarind seed has been assessed by in vitro and in vivo studies. aqueous solutions of xyloglucan that had been partially degraded by beta-galactosidase to eliminate 44% of galactose residues formed rigid gels at concentrations of 1.0 and 1.5% w/w at 37 degrees c. the in vitro release of indomethacin and diltiazem from the e ... | 1999 | 10370218 |
| antimicrobial screening of some indian spices. | in india, spices have been traditionally used since ancient times, for the preservation of food products as they have been reported to have antiseptic and disinfectant properties. in this respect, a preliminary screening for antimicrobial activities of 35 different indian spices has been carried out. of the spices surveyed, the results indicate that clove, cinnamon, bishop's weed, chilli, horse raddish, cumin, tamarind, black cumin, pomegranate seeds, nutmeg, garlic, onion, tejpat, celery, cambo ... | 1999 | 10548758 |
| effect of xyloglucan (tamarind seed polysaccharide) on conjunctival cell adhesion to laminin and on corneal epithelium wound healing. | to explore the role of a natural polysaccharide extracted from tamarind seed (xyloglucan, or tamarind seed polysaccharide, tsp) on the integrin-substrate recognition system and on repair of corneal wounds. | 2000 | 10744209 |
| tamarind as a sailogogue. | | 1999 | 10776493 |
| sensitization and lung function in workers occupationally exposed to natural thickening products. | three workers engaged in the manufacture of natural thickener products (cassia spp., guar, and tamarind flour) were occupationally sensitized to cassia spp. therefore, a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of sensitization among and respiratory health of the employees of this plant was conducted. | 2000 | 10782523 |
| characterization of cross-links between cellulose microfibrils, and their occurrence during elongation growth in pea epicotyl. | the occurrence and chemical nature of the cross-links between cellulose microfibrils in outer epidermal cell walls in pisum sativum cv. alaska was investigated by rapid-freezing and deep-etching techniques coupled with chemical and enzymatic treatments. the cell wall in the elongating region of epidermal cells was characterized by the absence of the cross-links, while in the elongated region, the cell wall was characterized by the presence of cross-links. the cross-links remained in the cell wal ... | 2000 | 10845462 |
| probing expansin action using cellulose/hemicellulose composites. | cellulose-based composite materials containing xyloglucans or mannan-based polysaccharides have been shown to possess organisational features with many characteristics similar to primary plant cell walls. we have tested the effects of a typical alpha-expansin (csexp1) on these composites using two different mechanical assays. we show that csexp1 induces very rapid extension in composites containing tamarind xyloglucan under constant load. in contrast, expansin treatment had no effect in constant ... | 2000 | 10849349 |
| energy and micronutrient composition of dietary and medicinal wild plants consumed during drought. study of rural fulani, northeastern nigeria. | two rural settled fulani villages, northeastern nigeria, were surveyed for dietary practices and use of edible wild plants (n = 100 households). commonly consumed species of edible wild barks, fruits, leaves, nuts, seeds, and tubers were analyzed for protein, fat, and carbohydrate and for minerals. kuka bark (adansonia digitata) given to infants to increase weight gain was high in fat, calcium, copper, iron, and zinc. cediya (ficus thonningii), dorowa (parkia biglobosa) and zogale (moringa oleif ... | 2000 | 10945116 |
| floral development in tribe detarieae (leguminosae: caesalpinioideae): amherstia, brownea, and tamarindus. | floral development was compared among three taxa in caesalpinioid tribe detarieae sensu lato: amherstia: nobilis and tamarindus: indica have racemose, helically arranged inflorescences, while brownea latifolia has cauliflorous capitate flower clusters that arise as racemes. all have acropetal flower order; initiation and development are sequential in all except brownea, which is synchronous. all have paired persistent showy bracteoles. floral symmetry is dorsiventral (zygomorphic) in all except ... | 2000 | 11034916 |
| effect of a novel mucoadhesive polysaccharide obtained from tamarind seeds on the intraocular penetration of gentamicin and ofloxacin in rabbits. | this report describes the efficacy of a novel mucoadhesive polymer, the tamarind seed polysaccharide, as a delivery system for the ocular administration of hydrophilic and hydrophobic antibiotics. healthy rabbits were subjected to repeated ocular instillations with either conventional gentamicin or ofloxacin or these agents viscosified with the tamarind seed polysaccharide. administration of viscosified preparations produced antibiotic concentrations both in the aqueous humour and cornea that we ... | 2000 | 11062209 |
| xyloglucan as a novel vehicle for timolol: pharmacokinetics and pressure lowering activity in rabbits. | this study was aimed at verifying the performances of a mucoadhesive polysaccharide from tamarind seed (xyloglucan or tsp, tamarind seed polysaccharide) as an adjuvant for ophthalmic vehicles containing timolol. three formulations (one experimental vehicle based on tsp and two reference commercial eye drops) containing 5 mg/ml timolol base equivalents were administered to the eyes of pigmented rabbits. drug concentrations in tear fluid, cornea, iris-ciliary body, aqueous humor and plasma were de ... | 2000 | 11132897 |
| preservation of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response to alloantigen by xyloglucans or oligogalacturonide does not correlate with the capacity to reject ultraviolet-induced skin tumors in mice. | chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation suppresses t cell-mediated immune responses and induces the formation of suppressor t lymphocytes that prevent the rejection of highly antigenic ultraviolet-induced skin cancers in mice. tamarind seed xyloglucans and pectinic oligogalacturonides prevent suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity immune responses in mice to candida albicans and alloantigen caused by a single exposure of ultraviolet radiation. we therefore investigated the ability of the ... | 2001 | 11168799 |
| ten isoenzymes of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase from plant cell walls select and cleave the donor substrate stochastically. | to map the preferred cleavage sites of xyloglucan endotransglycosylases (xets; ec 2.4.1.207) along the donor substrate chain, we incubated the enzymes with tamarind (tamarindus indica) xyloglucan (donor substrate; approximately 205 kda; 21 microm) plus the nonasaccharide [(3)h]xllgol (gal(2).xyl(3).glc(3). [(3)h]glucitol; acceptor substrate; 0.6 microm). after short incubation times, to minimize multiple cleavages, the size of the (3)h-labelled transglycosylation products (determined by gel-perm ... | 2001 | 11311129 |
| lead-contaminated imported tamarind candy and children's blood lead levels. | in 1999, an investigation implicated tamarind candy as the potential source of lead exposure for a child with a significantly elevated blood lead level (bll). the oklahoma city-county health department tested two types of tamarind suckers and their packaging for lead content. more than 50% of the tested suckers exceeded the us food and drug administration (fda) level of concern for lead in this type of product. the authors calculated that a child consuming one-quarter to one-half of either of th ... | 2000 | 11354337 |
| effect of various domestic processing methods on antinutrients and in vitro protein and starch digestibility of two indigenous varieties of indian tribal pulse, mucuna pruriens var. utilis. | the effect of various domestic processing methods on antinutrients and starch fractions and in vitro protein and starch digestibilities of white and black varieties of mucuna pruriens var. utilis was studied. cooking or autoclaving of both raw seeds and presoaked seeds in different solutions (water, tamarind extract, sodium bicarbonate, and citric acid) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the content of total phenolics, phytic acid, trypsin inhibitor and chymotrypsin inhibitor activities, and l-dop ... | 2001 | 11410009 |
| lectins in fruits having gastrointestinal activity: their participation in the hemagglutinating property of escherichia coli o157:h7. | in fruits with therapeutic properties for antidiarrheal and laxative uses, the presence of lectins may be the bioactive properties that interfere with bacterial adhesion, thought to be competition for glycoside signal sites in the attachment. | 2001 | 11440778 |
| fingerprinting of polysaccharides attacked by hydroxyl radicals in vitro and in the cell walls of ripening pear fruit. | hydroxyl radicals (*oh) may cause non-enzymic scission of polysaccharides in vivo, e.g. in plant cell walls and mammalian connective tissues. to provide a method for detecting the action of endogenous *oh in vivo, we investigated the products formed when polysaccharides were treated with *oh (generated in situ by ascorbate-h(2)o(2)-cu(2+) mixtures) followed by nab(3)h(4). treatment with *oh increased the number of nab(3)h(4)-reacting groups present in citrus pectin, homogalacturonan and tamarind ... | 2001 | 11463343 |
| a new cardenolide uzarigenen-3-o-beta-d-xylopyranosyl (1-->2)-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside. | a new cardenolide c34h52o12, m.p. 225-226 degrees c, [m+ -h] 651 (eims) was isolated from the acetone soluble fraction of the concentrated 90% ethanolic extracts of the seeds of tamarindus indica (linn.). it was identified as uzarigenin-3-o-beta-d-xylopyranosyl (1 -->2)- alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside (i) by different colour reactions, chemical degradations and spectral analysis. | 1999 | 11523544 |
| decaying wood in tree trunk hollows as a natural substrate for cryptococcus neoformans and other yeast-like fungi of clinical interest. | the occurrence of cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans and other yeast-like fungi of clinical interest in decaying wood inside tree trunk hollows, bark and other plant materials is reported. the var. neoformans was isolated from 3 of 45 (6.6%) wood and one of 390 eucalyptus bark samples. two of the positive wood samples came from a tree trunk hollow of butea monosperma (family: papilionaceae) growing in roshan ara garden, old delhi whereas the third was from a trunk hollow of tamarindus indic ... | 2001 | 11554580 |
| characterization of a family of arabidopsis genes related to xyloglucan fucosyltransferase1. | to understand primary cell wall assembly in arabidopsis, we have focused on identifying and characterizing enzymes involved in xyloglucan biosynthesis. nine genes (atfut2-10) were identified that share between 47% and 62% amino acid similarity with the xyloglucan-specific fucosyltransferase atfut1. reverse transcriptase-pcr analysis indicates that all these genes are expressed. bioinformatic analysis predicts that these family members are fucosyltransferases, and we first hypothesized that some ... | 2001 | 11743104 |
| enzyme assay for identification of pectin and pectin derivatives, based on recombinant pectate lyase. | a simple method was developed for fast identification of pectin, based on a recombinant endopectate lyase cloned from aspergillus niger. when pectin was demethylated and treated with pectate lyase, beta-elimination occurred, resulting in a double bond between c-4 and c-5 in the galacturonic acid residue of the released nonreducing end. the formation of double bonds produced an increase in light absorption, which was detected at 235 nm. the assay was tested on pectin of different origins (apple, ... | 2001 | 11767155 |
| indigenous knowledge system for treatment of trypanosomiasis in kaduna state of nigeria. | a survey was carried out in kaduna state of nigeria to establish the indigenous knowledge system for treating trypanosomiasis in domestic animals. questionnaire and interviews were, respectively, administered to, or conducted with about 200 livestock farmers and traders spread around the state. data obtained revealed the use of several plants either alone or in combination, for the treatment and management of trypasonomiasis. the most common plants encountered were adansonia digitata, terminalia ... | 2002 | 11801393 |
| effect of exogenous histidine and garcinia cambogia on histamine formation in skipjack (katsuwonus pelamis) homogenates. | histamine consumed with food gives rise to allergic reactions. dark muscle fish, for example skipjack (katsuwonus pelamis) has been shown to contain histamine. studies using tlc (acetone: nh4oh, 80:20.5) on silica gel g60 plates and densitometry after spraying with ninhydrin, using a computerized densitometer, showed that freshly harvested skipjack has no detectable histamine (detection limit, 50 micrograms.g-1 fish). however, with time histamine (rf 0.84) is formed > 1.5 mg.g-1 probably through ... | 2002 | 11820094 |
| effect of tamarind ingestion on fluoride excretion in humans. | to evaluate the effect of tamarind (tamarindus indicus) ingestion on excretion of fluoride in school children. | 2002 | 11840184 |
| release behaviour of drugs from tamarind seed polysaccharide tablets. | purpose: this study examines the sustained release behaviour of both water-soluble (acetaminophen, caffeine, theophylline and salicylic acid) and water insoluble (indomethacin) drugs from tamarind seed polysaccharide isolated from tamarind kernel powder. it further investigates the effect of incorporation of diluents like microcrystalline cellulose and lactose on release of caffeine and partial cross-linking of the polysaccharide on release of acetaminophen. applying exponential equation, the me ... | 2002 | 12042114 |
| ritual hot baths (wankan-jego) in zaria, nigeria. | among the hausa-fulani women of zaria, nigeria, "cold" or "sanyi" is thought to be a common cause of illnesses, and especially edema (swelling) during pregnancy. the traditional treatment for these illnesses is a hot bath. the new mother or mother-to-be sleeps in an overheated room and must take baths in very hot water, called "wankan- jego," to keep out the cold. the birth attendant uses a bundle of leafy twigs from tamarind or neem trees to splash hot water over the women's body. this spla ... | 1990 | 12157981 |
| childhood lead poisoning associated with tamarind candy and folk remedies--california, 1999-2000. | lead poisoning affects children adversely worldwide. in the united states, elevated blood lead levels (blls) (>10 microg/dl) result primarily from exposure to lead-based paint or from associated lead-contaminated dust and soil; however, other sources of lead exposure, including folk remedies, mexican terra cotta pottery, and certain imported candies, also have been associated with elevated blls in children. this report describes five cases in california of lead poisoning from atypical sources. h ... | 2002 | 12233910 |
| percutaneous absorption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from in situ gelling xyloglucan formulations in rats. | the potential of gels formed in situ by dilute aqueous solutions of a xyloglucan polysaccharide derived from tamarind seed as sustained release vehicles for percutaneous administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been assessed by in vitro and in vivo studies. chilled aqueous solutions of xyloglucan that had been partially degraded by beta-galactosidase formed gels at concentrations of 1-2% w/w when warmed to 37 degrees c. the in vitro release of ibuprofen and ketoprofen at ph 7. ... | 2002 | 12270620 |
| biochemical characterization of thermotoga maritima endoglucanase cel74 with and without a carbohydrate binding module (cbm). | the genome of the hyperthermophilic bacterium thermotoga maritima (tm) encodes at least eight glycoside hydrolases with putative signal peptides; the biochemical characteristics of seven of these have been reported previously. the eighth, tm cel74, is encoded by an open reading frame of 2124 bp corresponding to a polypeptide of 79 kda with a signal peptide at the amino-terminus. the gene (lacking the signal peptide) encoding tm cel74 was expressed as a 77 kda monomeric polypeptide in escherichia ... | 2002 | 12417345 |
| herbal medication: potential for adverse interactions with analgesic drugs. | the use of herbal supplements in the us has increased dramatically in recent years. these products are not regulated by the food and drug administration (fda) with the same scrutiny as conventional drugs. patients who use herbal supplements often do so in conjunction with conventional drugs. this article is a review of potential adverse interactions between some of the commonly used herbal supplements and analgesic drugs. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids), particularly aspirin, have ... | 2002 | 12472978 |
| studies on the applicability of tamarind kernel powder as a carrier in the dissolution enhancement of poorly water soluble drug, celecoxib. | in the present investigation, tamarind kernel powder (tp) was evaluated for its suitability as a carrier to improve the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drug, celecoxib (cc). the influence of polysaccharide concentration and method of preparation of solid mixtures on dissolution rate was investigated. solid mixtures of cc and tp were prepared in different ratios (1:1, 1:4 & 1:9 w/w, cc:tp) using co-grinding technique to test the effect of polysac-charide concentration. four different met ... | 2003 | 12705095 |
| the polysaccharide from tamarindus indica (ts-polysaccharide) protects cultured corneal-derived cells (sirc cells) from ultraviolet rays. | the aim of this work was to investigate the possible protective effect of a new viscosising agent, ts-polysaccharide, on corneal-derived cells (sirc) exposed to ultraviolet-b rays. to verify this, sirc cells were first exposed, in the absence or in the presence of ts-polysaccharide (1% w/v), for 9 s at the uv-b source and then post-incubated for 45 min at 37 degrees c. after this period the hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) accumulated in the medium and the concentration of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosi ... | 2003 | 12724038 |
| pressure cell assisted solubilization of xyloglucans: tamarind seed polysaccharide and detarium gum. | to improve the solubilization of two water-soluble xyloglucans, tamarind seed polysaccharide and detarium gum, by reducing substantially molecular aggregation, a "pressure cell" heating method was used. conditions allowing solubilization and chain depolymerization were produced by varying appropriately the pressure, time, and temperature applied. the various mw fractions of solubilized xyloglucans were characterized by capillary viscometry and light scattering techniques in order to extract, wit ... | 2003 | 12741801 |
| cloning, expression and characterization of a family-74 xyloglucanase from thermobifida fusca. | thermobifida fusca xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (xeg)74 and the xeg74 catalytic domain (cd) were cloned, expressed in escherichia coli, purified and characterized. this enzyme has a glycohydrolase family-74 cd that is a specific xyloglucanase followed by a family-2 carbohydrate binding module at the c terminus. the michaelis constant (km) and maximal rate (vmax) values for hydrolysis of tamarind seed xyloglucan (tamxg) are 2.4 micro m and 966 micro mol xyloglucan oligosaccharides ... | 2003 | 12846842 |
| screening of antimutagenicity via antioxidant activity in cuban medicinal plants. | the reducing activity on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radical, z.rad;oh radical scavenging potential, in vitro inhibition of lipid peroxidation and modulation of mutagenicity induced by ter-butyl hydroperoxide (tbh) in escherichia coli were sequentially screened in 45 species of plants used with medicinal purposes in cuba, in a search for antioxidant agents which protect dna against oxidative stress.five species, e.g. tamarindus indica l., lippia alba l., pimenta dioica (l.) merr, rh ... | 2003 | 12860316 |
| the immunological specificity of type ii pneumococcus and its separation into partial specificities. | the specificity of type ii pneumococcus determined by its capsular polysaccharide (s ii) may be separated into three partial specificities, each characteristic of one of the three component sugars of s ii, namely, glucuronic acid, glucose, and rhamnose. by far the largest portion of antibodies in type ii antipneumococcus horse sera which cross-react with carbohydrates containing one or more of these sugars are reactive with those characterized by multiple groupings of glucuronic acid. this confi ... | 1956 | 13286426 |
| cross-reactions of antityphoid and antiparatyphoid b horse sera with various polysaccharides. | a study was made of cross-reactions of synthetic polyglucose and of numerous plant and bacterial gums in an antityphoid and an antiparatyphoid b horse serum. the observed differences permit conclusions to be drawn regarding certain of the linkages likely to be found in the fine structures of each of the corresponding salmonella polysaccharides:- 1. cross-reactions of the antityphoid serum with the specific polysaccharide of type ii pneumococcus and with tamarind seed polysaccharide, glycogen and ... | 1956 | 13357691 |