| mycorrhiza does not alter low temperature impact on gnaphalium norvegicum. | extreme arctic-alpine vegetation has relatively low affinity to form mycorrhizal symbiosis. we asked whether the mycorrhizal growth benefit for the host plant is lower at low temperatures. we investigated the role of two root-associated fungi and temperature in growth, carbon-nitrogen relations and germination of an arctic-alpine herb. seeds of gnaphalium norvegicum were germinated at 8 degrees or 15 degrees c with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal (am, glomus claroideum) and dark septate endoph ... | 2004 | 15138882 |
| solanum nigrum grown in contaminated soil: effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on zinc accumulation and histolocalisation. | zn tissue accumulation in solanum nigrum grown in a non-contaminated and a naturally contaminated zn matrix and the effect of inoculation with different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) on metal uptake were assessed. s. nigrum grown in the contaminated soil always presented higher zn accumulation in the tissues, accumulating up to 1622 mg zn kg(-1). the presence of both glomus claroideum and glomus intraradices enhanced the uptake and accumulation of zn by s. nigrum (up to 83 and 49% higher zn ... | 2007 | 16905229 |
| the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis links n mineralization to plant demand. | arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi facilitate inorganic n (nh(4)(+) or no(3)(-)) uptake by plants, but their role in n mobilization from organic sources is unclear. we hypothesized that arbuscular mycorrhizae enhance the ability of a plant to use organic residues (ors) as a source of n. this was tested under controlled glasshouse conditions by burying a patch of or in soil separated by 20-microm nylon mesh so that only fungal hyphae can pass through it. the fate of the n contained in the or patch ... | 2009 | 19101737 |
| symbiont identity matters: carbon and phosphorus fluxes between medicago truncatula and different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. | many studies have scrutinized the nutritional benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal associations to their host plants, while the carbon (c) balance of the symbiosis has often been neglected. here, we present quantification of both the c costs and the phosphorus (p) uptake benefits of mycorrhizal association between barrel medic (medicago truncatula) and three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species, namely glomus intraradices, glomus claroideum, and gigaspora margarita. plant growth, p uptake and c a ... | 2011 | 21472448 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity and species dominance in a temperate soil with long-term conventional and low-input cropping systems. | the aim of this work was to study the effect of long-term contrasting cropping systems on the indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (amf) spore populations in the soil of a field experiment located in western finland. conventional and low-input cropping systems were compared, each with two nutrient management regimes. the conventional cropping system with a non-leguminous 6-year crop rotation (barley-barley-rye-oat-potato-oat) was fertilized at either full (rotation a) or half (rotation b) th ... | 2010 | 21085998 |
| [influence of soil factors on species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi in stipa steppe of tibet plateau]. | this study was based on the isolation and identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi collected from the alpine stipa steppe of north tibet, and focused on the influence of soil texture, ph, organic matter, and available p on the spore density, isolation frequency, relative abundance, importance value, species diversity, and species evenness of the am fungi. in the rhizosphere soil of the steppe, a total of 15 species am fungi were isolated and identified, including 9 species of glomus, ... | 2010 | 20707110 |
| the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza associated with three cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.). | the present study deals with the occurrence of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in three cultivars of rice in barak valley. three cultivars of rice were pankaj, malati and ranjit. the results revealed the association of vam fungi in all the cultivars of rice. the association was maximum in pankaj cultivar followed by malati, and ranjit, respectively, in all the three sampling phases. all the three cultivars of rice crop showed maximum soil spore population and number of vam fungal species ... | 2011 | 22754020 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in terms of symbiosis-parasitism continuum. | arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are forming the most wide-spread mycorrhizal relationships on earth. mycorrhiza contributes to phosphorous acquisition, water absorption and resistance to diseases. the fungus promotes the absorption of nutrients and water from soil, meanwhile the host plant offers photosynthetic assimilates in exchange, like carbohydrates, as energy source. the plant benefits from the contribution of symbiotic partner only when nutrients are in low concentrations in soil and the roo ... | 2011 | 22702184 |
| the differential behavior of arbuscular mycrorrhizal fungi in interaction with astragalus sinicus l. under salt stress. | three arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi (glomus mosseae, glomus claroideum, and glomus intraradices) were compared for their root colonizing ability and activity in the root of astragalus sinicus l. under salt-stressed soil conditions. mycorrhizal formation, activity of fungal succinate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase, as well as plant biomass, were evaluated after 7 weeks of plant growth. increasing the concentration of nacl in soil generally decreased the dry weight of shoots and roots ... | 2011 | 20393756 |
| development and activity of glomus intraradices as affected by co-existence with glomus claroideum in one root system. | the co-existence of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (amf) species, glomus intraradices and glomus claroideum, in the root systems of plants was investigated in a greenhouse experiment aimed at reconstructing interactions during an early stage of primary succession on a coal-mine spoil bank in central europe. two plant species, tripleurospermum inodorum and calamagrostis epigejos, were inoculated either with one or both amf species. fungal development, determined by trypan blue and alkaline pho ... | 2009 | 19377892 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased growth, nutrient uptake and tolerance to salinity in olive trees under nursery conditions. | inoculating olive plantlets with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) glomus mosseae, glomus intraradices or glomus claroideum increased plant growth and the ability to acquire nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from non-saline as well as saline media. amf-colonized plants also increased in survival rate after transplant. osmotic stress caused by nacl supply reduced stem diameter, number of shoots, shoot length and nutrients in olive plants, but amf colonization alleviated all of these negati ... | 2009 | 19342122 |
| influence of soil organic matter decomposition on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in terms of asymbiotic hyphal growth and root colonization. | soil organic matter is known to influence arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi, but limited information is available on the chemical components in the organic matter causing these effects. we studied the influence of decomposing organic matter (pure cellulose and alfalfa shoot and root material) on am fungi after 30, 100, and 300 days of decomposition in nonsterile soil with and without addition of mineral n and p. decomposing organic matter affected maize root length colonized by the am fungus glo ... | 2009 | 19104847 |
| sheep manure vermicompost supplemented with a native diazotrophic bacteria and mycorrhizas for maize cultivation. | an orthogonal experimental design l9 (3(4)) with 10 repetitions was used to investigate the effect of glomus claroideum (0, 1 or 2g(-1) plant), g. fasciculatum (0, 1 or 2g plant(-1)), native diazotrophic bacteria (0, 10(3) and 10(5) ufc ml(-1)) and sheep manure vermicompost (0%, 5% and 10% v/v) on maize plant growth, n and p in leaves and mycorrhization percent. vermicompost explained most of the variation found for leaf number, wet weight, stem height, and diameter. both mycorrhizas increased t ... | 2008 | 18291640 |
| diversity and infectivity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agricultural soils of the sichuan province of mainland china. | knowledge about the presence and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in a specific area is an essential first step for utilizing these fungi in any application. the community composition of amf in intensively managed agricultural soil in the sichuan province of southwest china currently is unknown. in one set of samples, amf were trapped in pot cultures from 40 fields growing legumes in the panxi region, southeast sichuan. in a second set of samples, the mpn method with four-fold dil ... | 2008 | 18224350 |
| edds and edta-enhanced zinc accumulation by solanum nigrum inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi grown in contaminated soil. | the effect of two different chelating agents [edta and edds (s,s-ethylenediaminedissucinic acid)] on zn tissue accumulation in solanum nigrum l. grown in a naturally contaminated soil was assessed. under those conditions, the response of the plant to the inoculation with two different isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf)--glomus claroideum and glomus intraradices--was also studied. plants grown in the local contaminated soil (zn levels of 433mg kg(-1)) accumulated up to 1191mg kg(-1) o ... | 2008 | 17920101 |
| application of manure and compost to contaminated soils and its effect on zinc accumulation by solanum nigrum inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. | zn accumulation in solanum nigrum grown in naturally contaminated soil in the presence of different types of organic amendments was assessed. under the same conditions, the response of the plant to inoculation with two different isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) (glomus claroideum and glomus intraradices) was also evaluated. s. nigrum grown in the non-amended soil always presented higher zn accumulation in the tissues, with the addition of amendments inducing reductions of up to 80 ... | 2008 | 17507124 |
| variations in organic acid exudation and aluminum resistance among arbuscular mycorrhizal species colonizing liriodendron tulipifera. | aluminum (al) in acidic soils is toxic to plants, affecting growth, water uptake and nutrient assimilation. aluminum resistance in some plant species and genotypes has been ascribed to organic acid exudation from roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungal symbiosis. we investigated variation among several am species in altering al resistance of liriodendron tulipifera l. and evaluated am influence on organic acid production as a potential al resistance mechanism. growth, nutritional responses ... | 2007 | 17472937 |
| host-related variability in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal structures in roots of hedera rhombea, rubus parvifolius, and rosa multiflora under controlled conditions. | the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) morphology of three host plant species inoculated with single and mixed fungal culture and the distribution of am fungal species in roots of the hosts treated with a mixed culture of am fungi were determined. the aim was to investigate the effect of host plants and am fungi on am morphology of coexisting plant species. noncolonized rooted cuttings of hedera rhombea (miq) bean, rubus parvifolius l., and rosa multiflora thunb. were inoculated with five fungal specie ... | 2007 | 17111164 |
| cooccurring plants forming distinct arbuscular mycorrhizal morphologies harbor similar am fungal species. | arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungal spores were isolated from field transplants and rhizosphere soil of hedera rhombea (miq) bean and rubus parvifolius l., which form paris-type and arum-type am, respectively. dna from the spore isolates was used to generate molecular markers based on partial large subunit (lsu) ribosomal rna (rdna) sequences to determine am fungi colonizing field-collected roots of the two plant species. species that were isolated as spores and identified morphologically and mol ... | 2006 | 17106725 |
| short term effects of glomus claroideum and azospirillum brasilense on growth and root acid phosphatase activity of carica papaya l. under phosphorus stress. | arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) are able to increase root enzymatic activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases. however, the role of amf on phosphatase activity has not been reported in papaya (carica papaya l.), which is frequently established at places with soil phosphorus (p) deficiencies. the goals of this research were to determine the effect of glomus claroideum (gc), and plant growth promoting rhizobacterium azospirillum brasilense strain vs7 [ab]) on root phosphatase activity and seed ... | 2002 | 17061513 |
| zinc accumulation in solanum nigrum is enhanced by different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. | solanum nigrum was found to proliferate in sediments with high levels of metal pollution. the effect of zn on plant growth and tissue metal accumulation was assessed. the response of the plant to the inoculation with four different isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) (glomus sp. beg140, glomus claroideum, glomus mosseae and glomus intraradices) was studied. while the isolates of amf did not have a significant (p<0.05) influence on mycorrhizal colonisation, increasing zn concentration ... | 2006 | 16650459 |
| differential modulation of host plant delta13c and delta18o by native and nonnative arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a semiarid environment. | native, drought-adapted arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) often improve host-plant performance to a greater extent than nonnative amf in dry environments. however, little is known about the physiological basis for this differential plant response. seedlings of olea europaea and rhamnus lycioides were inoculated with either a mixture of eight native glomus species or with the nonnative glomus claroideum before field transplanting in a semiarid area. inoculation with native amf produced the great ... | 2006 | 16411940 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the meliaceae on hainan island, china. | species richness, spore density, frequency of occurrence, and relative abundance of am fungi were determined in rhizosphere soil samples from nine tropical rainforest sites on hainan island, south china, and the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) status of members of the meliaceae was examined. all 28 plant taxa investigated (25 species including two varieties of 1 species and three varieties of another) were colonized by am fungi. the mean proportion of root length colonized was 56% (range 10-95%). ve ... | 2006 | 16133253 |
| mycorrhizas improve nitrogen nutrition of trifolium repens after 8 yr of selection under elevated atmospheric co2 partial pressure. | altered environmental conditions may change populations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and thereby affect mycorrhizal functioning. we investigated whether 8 yr of free-air co2 enrichment has selected fungi that differently influence the nutrition and growth of host plants. in a controlled pot experiment, two sets of seven randomly picked single spore isolates, originating from field plots of elevated (60 pa) or ambient co2 partial pressure (pco2), were inoculated on nodulated trifolium repens ( ... | 2005 | 15998404 |
| hyphal growth and mycorrhiza formation by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus claroideum beg 23 is stimulated by humic substances. | effects of humic substances (humic acid or fulvic soil extract) or saprophytic microorganisms (paecilomyces lilacinus and an unidentified actinomycete) on growth of mycelium and mycorrhiza formation by glomus claroideum beg23 were studied in a hydroponic system. humic substances stimulated root colonization and production of extraradical mycelium by the mycorrhizal fungus. both humic and fulvic acids tended to decrease populations of culturable bacteria and fungi in the cultivation system, indic ... | 2005 | 15830211 |
| studies on the diversity of the distinct phylogenetic lineage encompassing glomus claroideum and glomus etunicatum. | morphological and molecular characters were analysed to investigate diversity within isolates of the glomus claroideum/glomus etunicatum species group in the genus glomus. the inter- and intra-isolate sequence diversity of the large subunit (lsu) rrna gene d2 region of eight isolates of g. claroideum and g. etunicatum was studied using pcr-single strand conformational polymorphism (sscp)-sequencing. in addition, two isolates recently obtained from southern china were included in the analysis to ... | 2005 | 14997368 |
| carbon economy of sour orange in response to different glomus spp. | vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (m) fungal colonization, growth, and nonstructural carbohydrate status of sour orange (citrus aurantium l.) seedlings were compared at low- and high-phosphorus (p) supply following inoculation with four glomus isolates: g. intraradices (gi, fl208), g. etunicatum (ge, ut316), g. claroideum (gc, sc186), and glomus sp. (g329, fl906). nonmycorrhizal (nm) seedlings served as controls. at low-p supply, increases in incidence of m colonization, vesicles and accumulation ... | 1996 | 14871797 |
| high genetic diversity in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: evidence for recombination events. | the genetic diversity of spores of two indigenous species of glomus isolated from three soils of a long-term field experiment amended by different quantities of sewage sludges has been evaluated. three populations of spores of glomus claroideum (w2537) and three populations of spores of glomus daom 225952 (w2538) were analysed using a microsatellite primer and aliquots of genomic dna were obtained from single spores (inter simple sequence repeat (issr) fingerprints). 39 polymorphic bands were fo ... | 2001 | 11703516 |
| effect of soil bacteria on hyphal growth of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus claroideum. | the effect of 46 bacterial strains isolated from tilled and non-tilled soils collected at 3 localities on the growth of intraradical hyphae of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungus glomus claroideum was demonstrated. a larger number of stimulatory bacterial isolates was obtained from tilled soils, but the bacteria showing the strongest stimulation of hyphal growth were isolated from a soil that had not been cultivated. isolates obtained from hyphae of am fungi showed no substantial stimulatory ... | 2000 | 11501421 |
| mycorrhizal benefit in two low arctic herbs increases with increasing temperature. | climate change may influence the relationship between arctic plants and their symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi. the benefit of the symbiosis for the host plant affects vegetation succession and may be a key parameter in predicting vegetation responses to warming. we investigated the mycorrhizal benefit in the low arctic perennial herbs potentilla crantzii and ranunculus acris in symbiosis with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus claroideum. temperature response in the mycorrhiza-mediated acquisi ... | 2007 | 21636497 |
| Can arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi reduce the growth of agricultural weeds? | Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are known for their beneficial effects on plants. However, there is increasing evidence that some ruderal plants, including several agricultural weeds, respond negatively to AMF colonization. Here, we investigated the effect of AMF on the growth of individual weed species and on weed-crop interactions. | 2011 | 22164216 |
| magnesium ions alleviate the negative effect of manganese on glomus claroideum beg23. | the phytotoxicity of excessive levels of manganese (mn), an essential micronutrient, can be alleviated significantly by a high supply of magnesium (mg) ions to plants. a similar interaction of these two elements in the development of arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi has been verified in two experimental systems. in in vitro experiments, an outgrowth of hyphae from excised, surface-disinfected root segments colonised with glomus claroideum beg23 was measured after 5 days incubation in liquid med ... | 2002 | 12072982 |