| 'candidatus pasteuria usgae' sp. nov., an obligate endoparasite of the phytoparasitic nematode belonolaimus longicaudatus. | taxonomically relevant characteristics of a fastidiously gram-positive, obligately endoparasitic prokaryote (strain s-1) that uses the phytoparasitic sting nematode belonolaimus longicaudatus as its host are reviewed. 16s rdna sequence similarity (> or = 93%) confirms its congeneric ranking with other pasteuria species and strains from nematodes and cladocerans and corroborates morphological, morphometric and host range evidence suggesting a novel taxon. the 16s rdna sequence of strain s-1 has g ... | 2003 | 12656173 |
| a simple method for the extraction, pcr-amplification, cloning, and sequencing of pasteuria 16s rdna from small numbers of endospores. | for many years the taxonomy of the genus pasteuria has been marred with confusion because the bacterium could not be cultured in vitro and, therefore, descriptions were based solely on morphological, developmental, and pathological characteristics. the current study sought to devise a simple method for pcr-amplification, cloning, and sequencing of pasteuria 16s rdna from small numbers of endospores, with no need for prior dna purification. results show that dna extracts from plain glass bead-bea ... | 2004 | 19262793 |
| reproduction of belonolaimus longicaudatus, meloidogyne javanica, paratrichodorus minor, and pratylenchus brachyurus on pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum). | pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum) has potential as a grain crop for dryland crop production in the southeastern united states. whether or not pearl millet will be compatible in rotation with cotton (gossypium hirsutum), corn (zea mays), and peanut (arachis hypogaea) will depend, in part, on its host status for important plant-parasitic nematodes of these crops. the pearl millet hybrid 'tifgrain 102' is resistant to both meloidogyne incognita race 3 and m. arenaria race 1; however, its host statu ... | 2005 | 19262863 |
| ultrastructure and development of pasteuria sp. (s-1 strain), an obligate endoparasite of belonolaimus longicaudatus (nemata: tylenchida). | pasteuria sp., strain s-1, is a gram-positive, obligate endoparasitic bacterium that uses the phytoparasitic sting nematode, belonolaimus longicaudatus, as its host in florida. the host attachment of s-1 appears to be specific to the genus belonolaimus with development occurring only in juveniles and adults of b. longicaudatus. this bacterium is characterized from other described species of pasteuria using ultrastructure of the mature endospore. penetration, development, and sporogenesis were el ... | 2001 | 19265886 |
| pasteuria spp.: systematics and phylogeny of these bacterial parasites of phytopathogenic nematodes. | pasteuria spp. include endospore-forming bacterial pathogens of cladoceran crustaceans and plant-parasitic nematodes. propagation of these nematode pathogens requires attachment of soilborne endospores to nematode hosts, infection, growth, sporulation, and release of endospores to repeat the cycle of infection and propagation. the ability of these bacteria to suppress the levels of plant-parasitic nematodes in the field has made them particularly promising candidates for biocontrol of nematode d ... | 2003 | 19265995 |
| phenotypic and molecular analysis of a pasteuria strain parasitic to the sting nematode. | pasteuria strain s-1 was found to parasitize the sting nematode belonolaimus longicaudatus. s-1 spores attached to several strains of b. longicaudatus from different geographical locations within the united states. however, they did not adhere to any of the following species: heterodera schachtii, longidorus africanus, meloidogyne hapla, m. incognita, m. javanica, pratylenchus brachyurus, p. scribneri, p. neglectus, p. penetrans, p. thornei, p. vulnus, and xiphinema spp. the 16s rrna genes from ... | 2001 | 19266005 |
| survey of crop losses in response to phytoparasitic nematodes in the united states for 1994. | previous reports of crop losses to plant-parasitic nematodes have relied on published results of survey data based on certain commodities, including tobacco, peanuts, cotton, and soybean. reports on crop-loss assessment by land-grant universities and many commodity groups generally are no longer available, with the exception of the university of georgia, the beltwide cotton conference, and selected groups concerned with soybean. the society of nematologists extension committee contacted extensio ... | 1999 | 19270925 |
| peanut-cotton-rye rotations and soil chemical treatment for managing nematodes and thrips. | in the southeastern united states, a cotton-peanut rotation is attractive because of the high value and extensive planting of both crops in the region. the objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of cotton-peanut rotations, rye, and soil chemical treatments on management of plant-parasitic nematodes, thrips, and soilborne fungal diseases and on crop yield. peanut-cotton-rye rotations were conducted from 1988 to 1994 on tifton loamy sand (plinthic kandiudult) infested primarily ... | 1998 | 19274213 |
| review of pasteuria penetrans: biology, ecology, and biological control potential. | pasteuria penetrans is a mycelial, endospore-forming, bacterial parasite that has shown great potential as a biological control agent of root-knot nematodes. considerable progress has been made during the last 10 years in understanding its biology and importance as an agent capable of effectively suppressing root-knot nematodes in field soil. the objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the biology, ecology, and biological control potential of p. penetrans and other past ... | 1998 | 19274225 |
| a centrifugation method for attaching endospores of pasteuria spp. to nematodes. | attachment of relatively low numbers of endospores from two isolates of pasteuria spp. to several species of nematodes was consistently achieved in 2-5 minutes with a centrifugation technique. the rate of attachment of pasteuria penetrans at 10 endospores/0.1 ml/tube to second-stage juveniles (j2) of meloidogyne javanica, m. incognita race 1, m. incognita race 3, and m. arenaria races 1 and 2 in two tests averaged 4.4, 5.2, 0.1, 0.3, and 0 endospores per j2, respectively. the rate of attachment ... | 1993 | 19279840 |
| specific gravity of spores of pasteuria penetrans and extraction of spore-filled nematodes from soil. | the specific gravity of spores of pasteuria penetrans collected from meloidogyne arenaria was found to be around 1.28. increasing the sucrose concentration used for the extraction of pratylenchus scribneri from a specific gravity of 1.14 to 1.26 led to the recovery of higher numbers of specimens filled with spores of pasteuria sp. (p </= 0.05). the numbers of spore-filled specimens of hoplolaimus galeatus recovered from field soil were not affected by the concentration of the sucrose solutions. ... | 1991 | 19283193 |
| effects and dynamics of a nematode community on maize. | relationships between nematode density and yield and between final and preplant population levels were examined in small maize plots on sandy soils in north-central florida. plant-parasitic nematodes present in the community included belonolaimus longicaudatus, criconemella sphaerocephala, meloidogyne incognita, paratrichodorus minor, pratylenchus brachyurus, and a xiphinema sp. plant growth--including stand count, grain yield, stalk weight, and size of young plants--often was inversely correlat ... | 1989 | 19287639 |
| effects and dynamics of a nematode community on soybean. | the relationships between densities of all members of a plant-parasitic nematode community and yield of 'davis' soybean and between final and preplant population levels were examined in small plots on sandy soils in north-central florida. plant-parasitic nematodes present in the community included belonolaimus longicaudatus, criconemella sphaerocephala, meloidogyne incognita, paratrichodorus minor, pratylenchus brachyurus, and xiphinema sp. plant growth, including stand count, soybean yield (kg/ ... | 1989 | 19287643 |
| effect of soil ph on nematicide efficacy on soybean. | to determine the efficacy of selected nematicides under different soil ph regimes in a sandy soil, soil ph ranges were achieved by adding lime or sulfur. nematicides increased soybean yields, and their efficacy was generally not influenced by soil ph. belonolaimus longicaudatus was negatively correlated (r = -0.58, p = 0.01) with yield in 1977. | 1989 | 19287658 |
| vertical distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes in sandy soil under soybean. | vertical distribution of five plant-parasitic nematodes was examined in two north florida soybean fields in 1987 and 1988. soil samples were collected from 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, and 30-45 cm deep at each site. soil at the three depths consisted of approximately 96% sand. more than 50% of belonolaimus longicaudatus population densities occurred in the upper 15-cm soil layer at planting, but the species became more evenly distributed through the other depths as the season progressed. criconemella sph ... | 1990 | 19287693 |
| isolates of the pasteuria penetrans group from phytoparasitic nematodes in bermudagrass turf. | a survey was conducted between 1985 and 1989 of isolates of the pasteuria penetrans group on phytoparasitic nematodes in bermudagrass (cynodon spp.) turf in southern florida. six different isolates of the p. penetrans group were observed from five different species of phytoparasitic nematode hosts. five of the bacterial isolates were different (p </= 0.01) in sporangium diameter, endospore width, and ratio of sporangium diameter to endospore width. all locations surveyed had one or more isolates ... | 1990 | 19287792 |
| interaction of three plant-parasitic nematodes on corn and soybean. | interaction of belonolaimus longicaudatus, meloidogyne incognita, and pratylenchus brachyurus on corn and b. longicaudatus, m. incognita, and heterodera glycines on soybean was investigated in micropiots during two seasons for corn and one season for soybean. changes in population densities and effects on plant growth of each nematode on corn or soybean alone and in mixed culture were compared. no interactions occurred on corn in 1987. in 1988, midseason population densities of b. longicaudatus ... | 1990 | 19287797 |
| solarization for nematode disinfestation of small volumes of soil. | several polyethylene plastics were evaluated as potential materials for disinfesting small volumes of soil containing nematodes. bursaphelenchus seani, cultured on the fungus monilinia fructicola in petri dishes, was used to bioassay the survival and reproductive capability of nematodes buried 7.5 cm deep in margate fine sand (soil moisture = 4.9%). the soil was exposed to sunlight for 6 days in may 1987. the highest mean temperatures recorded at 7.5 cm deep were 38 +/- 1 c, 43 +/- 1 c, 43 +/- 1 ... | 1988 | 19290301 |
| influence of the sting nematode, belonolaimus longicaudalus, on young citrus trees. | the sting nematode, belonolaimus longicaudatus, was associated with poor growth of citrus in a central florida nursery. foliage of trees was sparse and chlorotic. affected rootstocks included changsha and cleopatra mandarin orange; flying dragon, rubidoux, and jacobsen trifoliate orange; macrophylla and milam lemon; palestine sweet lime; sour orange; and the hybrids - carrizo, morton, and rusk citrange and swingle citrumelo. root symptoms included apical swelling, development of swollen terminal ... | 1985 | 19294118 |
| effects of light intensity and quality effects on reproduction of plant-parasitic nematodes. | growing cotton in a greenhouse with 12-h of supplemental light [8,608 lux (800 ft-c) from combination of mercury and lucalux lamps] resulted in 2 x to > 3 x greater reproduction of meloidogyne incognita and belonolaimus longicaudatus as compared to natural light alone. rate of increase of hoplolaimus galeatus was affected little in this experiment. in a second experiment under controlled conditions in a phytotron, light source and intensity had greater influence on the reproduction of heterodera ... | 1975 | 19308183 |
| influence of nematodes and light sources on growth and nodulation of soybean. | the influence of nematodes on nodulation of soybean varied according to their modes of parasitism. in the greenhouse, nodule formation was stimulated by the endoparasites, meloidogyne hapla and pratylenchus penetrans, but was inhibited slightly by the ectoparasite, belonolaimus longicaudatus. in an experiment under controlled conditions in a phytotron, heterodera glycines severely inhibited nodule formation, whereas plants inoculated with b. longicaudatus and p. penetrans had more nodules per g ... | 1976 | 19308196 |
| interactions of concomitant species of nematodes and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum on cotton. | meloidogyne incognita, hoplolaintus galeatus, and north carolina and georgia populations of belonolaimus longicaudatus were introduced singly and in various combinations with fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum on wilt-susceptible 'rowden' cotton. of all the nematodes, the combination of the n. c. population of b. longicaudatus with fusarium promoted greatest wilt development. h. galeatus had no effect on wilt. with fusarium plus m. incognito or b. longicaudatus, high nematode levels promoted ... | 1976 | 19308201 |
| vertical distribution of three namatode species in relation to certain soil properties. | population densities of belonolaimus longicaudatus, pratylenchus brachyurus, and trichodorus christiei were determined from soil samples taken weekly in tifton, georgia during a 14-month period (except for april and may) at 15-cm increments to a depth of 105 cm. belonolaimus longicaudatus predominately inhabited the top 30 cm of soil that was 87-88% sand, 6-7% silt, and 5-7% clay. no specimens were found below 60 cm where the soil was 76-79% sand, 5-6% silt, and 15-19% clay. highest population d ... | 1976 | 19308230 |
| influence of plant-parasitic nematodes on longleaf pine seedlings. | seedlings of longleaf pine (pinus palustris) were grown in 20-cm pots for 5 to 7 months in the greenhouse following inoculation with a high or low level of one of seven species of plant-parasitic nematodes. belonolaimus longicaudatus and helicotylenchus dihystera had no effect on seedling growth. high inoculum densities of hoplolaimus galeatus and tylenchorhynchus claytoni caused a significant reduction of fresh weight of seedling roots. root and top weights of seedlings grown in soil infested w ... | 1973 | 19319287 |
| population dynamics of plant nematodes in cultivated soil: effect of sod-based rotations in tifton sandy loam. | in an 8-year sod-based rotation study, nematode population densities varied with different row-crop sequences and grass sods. in continuous row-crop rotations (cotton-corn-peanut), cotton and corn favored rapid increase of belonolaimus longicaudatus and trichodorus christiei. numbers of pratylenchus brachyurus were quite variable on all crops. peanuts favored an increase of criconemoides ornatum but suppressed the other three species. 'coastal' bermudagrass supported more than twice the number o ... | 1970 | 19322285 |
| population dynamics of plant nematodes in cultivated soil: effect of summer cover crops in old agricultural land. | in a 6-year cover crop sequence study, nematode population densities varied with different cover crops. millet favored rapid increase of belonolaimus longicaudatus and supported relatively large numbers of pratylenchus brachyurus. beggarweed and 'coastal' bermudagrass favored rapid increase of b. iongicaudatus and to a lesser extent p. brachyurus and trichodorus christiei. hairy indigo and crotalaria supported relatively large numbers of p. brachyurus but suppressed b. longicaudatus. hairy indig ... | 1970 | 19322288 |
| pathogenicity of pythium aphanidermatum to chrysanthemum in combined inoculations with belonolaimus longicaudatus or meloidogyne incognita. | rooted cuttings of 'iceberg' chrysanthemum in steamed soil were inoculated with the nematodes belonolaimus longicaudatus, and meloidogyne incognita, alone and combined with pythium aphanidermatum, a fungus pathogen of chrysanthemum. b. longicaudatus alone severely restricted the root system; with p. aphanidermatum also present, plant weight and height were further reduced and onset of symptoms was earlier. m. incognita + fungus interaction was similar but less intense. the fungus suppressed egg ... | 1970 | 19322307 |
| nematodes parasitic on forest trees: iii. reproduction on selected hardwoods. | the host-parasite relationships of 13 species of plant parasitic nematodes and five species of hardwoods native to the southeastern united states were tested on greenhouse-grown tree seedlings for 6-10 months. criteria for parasitism were completion o f life cycle and population increase of nematodes. belonolaimus longicaudatus, helicotylenchus dihystera, scutellonema brachyurum and tylenchorhynchus claytoni parasitized and reproduced on three or more of the species tested. hoplolaimus galeatus ... | 1971 | 19322363 |
| seasonal population dynamics of selected plant-parasitic nematodes as measured by three extraction procedures. | seasonal fluctuations in field populations of meloidogyne spp. (m. incognita and m. hapla), pratylenchus zeae, criconemoides ornatum, tylenchorhynchus claytoni, belonolaimus longicaudatus, and helicotylenchus dihystera were determined monthly for 1 year by three extraction procedures. baermann funnel method (bf) gave highest recoveries of meloidogyne spp. and p. zeae during summer and fall, but centrifugal-flotation (cf) and sugar-flotation-sieving (sfs) usually yielded higher numbers of these n ... | 1969 | 19325683 |
| diversity and occurrence of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with golf course turfgrasses in north and south carolina, usa. | one hundred and eleven golf courses from 39 counties in the carolinas were surveyed for plant-parasitic nematodes. species diversity within habitats was analyzed with five diversity indices including diversity index (h'), evenness (j'), richness (sr), dominance (λ) and diversity (h2 ). the results revealed a remarkably high diversity of 24 nematode species belonging to 19 genera and 11 families. of those, 23 species were found in sc, 19 species in nc, and 18 species were detected in both states. ... | 2012 | 23482422 |
| effects of soil fumigants and aldicarb on nematodes, tuber quality, and yield in potato. | efficacy of the fumigants ethylene dibromide (edb), edb + chloropicrin, and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) applied with one or three chisels per row, singly or in combination with aldicarb, was evaluated in 1982 and 1983 on potato (solanum tuberosum) cultivars atlantic and sebago for control of several nematodes, including belonolaimus longicaudatus, meloidogyne incognita, and trichodorids. generally, nematode populations were lowest following application of fumigants with three chisels per row, fo ... | 1990 | 19287794 |
| control of nematodes and soil-borne diseases in florida potatoes with aldicarb and 1,3-d. | yields of u.s. size a potato tubers were increased by 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) (56 liters/ha) and 1,3-d (56 liters/ha) + aldicarb (3.4 kg/ha) in 1982 and 1983 and by aldicarb (3.4 kg/ha) in 1982. treatments that included aldicarb provided the best control of corky ringspot disease, whereas those including 1,3-d were more effective against bacterial wilt. the most effective nematode control (nematodes included meloidogyne incognita, belonolaimus longicaudatus, trichodorids, criconemella ornata ... | 1990 | 19287795 |
| effects of a commercial formulation of bacillus firmus i-1582 on golf course bermudagrass infested with belonolaimus longicaudatus. | one of the primary pests of bermudagrass (cynodon spp.) on golf courses in the southeastern united states is belonolaimus longicaudatus (sting nematode). in 2011, a commercial formulation of bacillus firmus i-1582, nortica 5wg, was launched in the united states for management of plant-parasitic nematodes on turfgrasses. to test the efficacy of late winter/early spring application of this biopesticide on b. longicaudatus, two field trials in 2009 compared b. firmus with fenamiphos and untreated c ... | 2014 | 25580025 |
| effects of infection by belonolaimus longicaudatus on rooting dynamics among st. augustinegrass and bermudagrass genotypes. | understanding rooting dynamics using the minirhizotron technique is useful for cultivar selection and to quantify nematode damage to roots. a 2-yr microplot study including five bermudagrass ('tifway', belonolaimus longicaudatus susceptible; two commercial cultivars [tifsport and celebration] and two genotypes ['ba132' and 'pi 291590'], which have been reported to be tolerant to b. longicaudatus) and two st. augustinegrass ('fx 313', susceptible, and 'floratam' that was reported as tolerant to b ... | 2015 | 26941461 |
| belonolaimus longicaudatus: an emerging pathogen of peanut in florida. | sting nematode (belonolaimus longicaudatus) is an economically important ectoparasitic nematode that is highly pathogenic on a wide range of agricultural crops in sandy soils of the southeastern united states. although this species is commonly found in florida in hardwood forests and as a soilborne pathogen on turfgrasses and numerous agronomic and horticultural crops, it has not been reported infecting peanut. in the summers of 2012 and 2013, sting nematode was found infecting three different p ... | 2015 | 26170470 |
| field efficacy of furfural as a nematicide on turf. | a commercial formulation of furfural was recently launched in the united states as a turfgrass nematicide. three field trials evaluated efficacy of this commercial formulation on dwarf bermudagrass putting greens infested primarily with belonolaimus longicaudatus, meloidogyne graminis, or both these nematodes, and in some cases with mesocriconema ornatum or helicotylenchus pseudorobustus. in all these trials, furfural improved turf health but did not reduce population densities of b. longicaudat ... | 2014 | 24644368 |
| factors affecting furfural as a nematicide on turf. | recently a furfural nematicide multiguard protect ec was launched for use on turfgrasses in the united states. a series of greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the concentration and exposure time required for this formulation to irreversibly affect belonolaimus longicaudatus, and to study factors that might affect the practicality of furfural use in turfgrass systems. one experiment exposed b. longicaudatus to increasing concentrations of furfural (0 to 990 ppm) in vitro for either ... | 2013 | 24379484 |
| effects of a commercial formulation of paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 on overseeded bermudagrass infested with belonolaimus longicaudatus. | belonolaimus longicaudatus is an important parasite of both warm-season bermudagrass and winter overseed grasses used on golf courses in the southeastern united states. field trials were conducted to study the effects of a commercial formulation of paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 applied to overseed grasses during the winter and early spring on population density of b. longicaudatus and bermudagrass health in late spring after bermudagrass broke dormancy. these studies found that p. lilacinus ... | 2013 | 24115787 |
| interaction between belonolaimus longicaudatus and helicotylenchus pseudorobustus on bermudagrass and seashore paspalum hosts. | belonolaimus longicaudatus and helicotylenchus pseudorobustus are among the most common nematode parasites of turfgrasses in florida. bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon × c. transvaalensis) and seashore paspalum (paspalum vaginatum) are the two turf species most commonly used on florida golf courses. this paper explores the interactions between b. longicaudatus and h. pseudorobustus on bermudagrass and seashore paspalum hosts. data collected from thousands of nematode samples submitted to the florid ... | 2013 | 23589655 |
| evaluation of econem™, a formulated pasteuria sp. bionematicide, for management of belonolaimus longicaudatus on golf course turf. | in 2010, a turfgrass bionematicide containing in vitro produced pasteuria sp. for management of belonolaimus longicaudatus was launched under the tradename econem(™). greenhouse pot studies and field trials on golf course fairways and tee boxes evaluated econem at varied rates and application frequencies. trials on putting greens compared efficacy of three applications of econem at 98 kg/ha to untreated controls and 1,3-dichloropropene at 53 kg a.i/ha. further putting green trials evaluated the ... | 2011 | 22791919 |
| field responses of bermudagrass and seashore paspalum cultivars to sting and spiral nematodes. | belonolaimus longicaudatus and helicotylenchus spp. are damaging nematode species on bermudagrass (cynodon spp.) and seashore paspalum (paspalum vaginatum) in sandy soils of the southeastern united states. eight bermudagrass and three seashore paspalum cultivars were tested for responses to both nematode species in field plots for two years in florida. soil samples were taken every three months and nematode population densities in soil were quantified. turfgrass aboveground health was evaluated ... | 2011 | 23430148 |
| evaluation of amino acids as turfgrass nematicides. | laboratory experiments revealed that dl-methionine, sodium methionate, potassium methionate, and methionine hydroxyl analog at rates of 224 and 448 kg amino acid/ha reduced the number of belonolaimus longicaudatus mixed life-stages and meloidogyne incognita j2 in soil, whereas l-threonine and lysine were not effective in reducing the number of either nematode. futhermore, greenhouse experiments demonstrated that dl-methionine, sodium methionate, potassium methionate, and methionine hydroxyl anal ... | 2010 | 22736861 |
| effects of formulation and host nematode density on the ability of in vitro-produced pasteuria endospores to control its host belonolaimus longicaudatus. | the effect of nematode population density at the time of application and formulations of in vitro-produced pasteuria spp. endospores on the final population density of belonolaimus longicaudatus was studied in an 84-d-long pot bioassay. the experiment utilized a factorial design consisting of 30 or 300 b. longicaudatus /100 cm(3) of sandy soil and three formulations of in vitro-produced pasteuria spp. endospores (nontreated, granular, or liquid). no differences were observed in percent endospore ... | 2010 | 22736843 |
| efficacy of methionine against ectoparasitic nematodes on golf course turf. | plant-parasitic nematodes are important pathogens of intensely-managed turf used on golf courses. two of these nematodes that are common in the southeastern us are belonolaimus longicaudatus and mesocriconema ornata. currently, there is a lack of effective treatments that can be used to manage these important pests. turfgrass field trials evaluated dl-methionine as a turfgrass nematicide against b. longicaudatus and m. ornata. one trial was on a bermudagrass putting green, the other was on zoysi ... | 2009 | 22736817 |
| effects of belonolaimus longicaudatus management and nitrogen fertility on turf quality of golf course fairways. | field experiments evaluated the effects of nematicide and fertility on performance of 'tifway 419' bermudagrass parasitized by the sting nematode (belonolaimus longicaudatus). plot treatments were nontreated or nematicide (1,3-dichloropropene) treated combined with different nitrogen (n) fertilizer levels. effects of treatments on numbers of b. longicaudatus and turf performance were compared. nematicide consistently reduced numbers of b. longicaudatus, but fertilizer level had no effect on b. l ... | 2007 | 19259477 |
| influence of belonolaimus longicaudatus on nitrate leaching in turf. | experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of the sting nematode (belonolaimus longicaudatus) on root reductions and quantity of nitrate (no(3) (-)) leached from 'tifdwarf' bermudagrass in lysimeters. forty lysimeters were planted with 'tifdwarf' bermudagrass, of which 20 were inoculated with b. longicaudatus and 20 were noninoculated. root length was compared between treatments at six, 12, and 18 weeks after initiation of the experiments. turf was fertilized every three weeks, and leach ... | 2006 | 19259464 |
| quantifying potential tolerance of selected cotton cultivars to belonolaimus longicaudatus. | glyphosate-tolerant cotton cultivars were evaluated for tolerance to belonolaimus longicaudatus in field experiments conducted from 2004 to 2005. field trials were arranged in a split-plot design that included treatment with four levels of 1, 3-dichloropropene (0.0, 13.9, 27.8, and 41.7 1 a.i./ha) to establish a range of population densities of b. longicaudatus. six cotton cultivars (early-to-mid maturity: dp444bg/rr sg501br, st5242br; mid-to late maturity: dp451b/rr, st5599br, dp655brr) were pl ... | 2006 | 19259446 |
| alternatives to fenamiphos for management of plant-parasitic nematodes on bermudagrass. | plant-parasitic nematodes can be very damaging to turfgrasses. the projected cancellation of the registration for fenamiphos in the near future has generated a great deal of interest in identifying acceptable alternative nematode management tactics for use on turfgrasses. two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of repeated applications of several commercially available nematicides and root biostimulants for reducing population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes and ... | 2005 | 19262894 |
| saline irrigation affects belonolaimus longicaudatus and hoplolaimus galeatus on seashore paspalum. | seashore paspalum (paspalum vaginatum) has great potential for use in salt-affected turfgrass sites. use of this grass on golf courses, athletic fields, and lawns in subtropical coastal areas may aid in conservation of freshwater resources. belonolaimus longicaudatus and hoplolaimus galeatus are considered among the most damaging root pathogens of turfgrasses in florida. glasshouse experiments were performed in 2002 and 2003 to examine the effects of increasing levels of irrigation salinity on b ... | 2005 | 19262841 |
| host status of 'seaisle 1' seashore paspalum (paspalum vaginatum) to belonolaimus longicaudatus and hoplolaimus galeatus. | belonolaimus longicaudatus and hoplolaimus galeatus are considered among the most damaging pathogens of turfgrasses in florida. however, the host status of seashore paspalum (paspalum vaginatum) is unknown. glasshouse experiments were performed in 2002 and 2003 to determine the tolerance of 'seaisle 1' seashore paspalum to a population of b. longicaudatus and a population of h. galeatus, and to compare to 'tifdwarf' bermudagrass for differences. both nematode species reproduced well on either gr ... | 2004 | 19262830 |
| slit injection of 1,3-dichloropropene for management of belonolaimus longicaudatus on established bermudagrass. | belonolaimus longicaudatus is a serious problem on bermudagrass, a common warm-season turfgrass, in florida. the cancellation of organophosphate nematicides necessitates that new management tools be identified for use on sports turf. postplant application of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) on bermudagrass was evaluated for management of b. longicaudatus on golf course fairways and driving ranges. a series of 10 experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of 1,3-d in reducing population ... | 2003 | 19262765 |
| effect of sorghum-sudangrass and velvetbean cover crops on plant-parasitic nematodes associated with potato production in florida. | in a 3-year field study, population densities of belonolaimus longicaudatus and other plant-parasitic nematodes and crop yields were compared between potato (solanum tuberosum) cropping systems where either sorghum-sudangrass (sorghum bicolor x s. arundinaceum) or velvetbean (mucuna pruriens) was grown as a summer cover crop. population densities of b. longicaudatus, paratrichodorus minor, tylenchorhynchus sp., and mesocriconema sp. increased on sorghum-sudangrass. population densities of p. min ... | 2001 | 19265888 |
| effects of solarization and ammonium amendments on plant-parasitic nematodes. | the effects of soil solarization and ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium sulfate against plant-parasitic nematodes on yellow squash (cucurbita pepo) and on vinca (catharanthus roseus) were evaluated at two sites. solarization for 3 weeks in the spring suppressed population levels of belonolaimus longicaudatus, criconemella spp., and dolichodorus heterocephalus throughout the growing season on both crops at both sites. levels of meloidogyne incognita were suppressed initially, but population densiti ... | 2000 | 19271007 |
| niche distribution of paratrichodorus minor and belonolaimus longicaudatus following fumigation on potato and cabbage. | an experiment was conducted to determine population changes and niche variation in the soil at two depths (0 to 20 cm and 20 to 40 cm) of paratrichodorus minor and belonolaimus longicaudatus populations following fumigation. eight plots each of potato (solanum tuberosum) and cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata), fumigated with 1, 3-dichloropropene or nonfumigated, were established. eight plots of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (sorghum bicolor x s. arundinaceum var. sudanense) were also used to ... | 2000 | 19270987 |
| damage function and economic threshold for belonolaimus longicaudatus on potato. | belonolaimus longicaudatus has long been recognized as a pathogen of potato (solanum tuberosum). however, a damage function relating expected yield of potato to population densities of b. longicaudatus at planting has not been derived, and the economic threshold for nematicide application is unknown. the objectives of this study were to derive the damage function of b. longicaudatus on potato and to calculate the economic threshold population density. the damage function data for b. longicaudatu ... | 2000 | 19270983 |
| effects of potato-cotton cropping systems and nematicides on plant-parasitic nematodes and crop yields. | belonolaimus longicaudatus has been reported as damaging both potato (solanum tuberosum) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum). these crops are not normally grown in cropping systems together in areas where the soil is infested with b. longicaudatus. during the 1990s cotton was grown in a potato production region that was a suitable habitat for b. longicaudatus. it was not known how integrating the production of these two crops by rotation or double-cropping would affect the population densities of b. ... | 2000 | 19270980 |
| population dynamics of belonolaimus longicaudatusin a cotton production system. | belonolaimus longicaudatus is a recognized pathogen of cotton (gossypium hirsutum), but insufficient information is available on the population dynamics and economic thresholds of b. longicaudatus in cotton production. in this study, data collected from a field in florida were used to develop models predicting population increases of b. longicaudatus on cotton and population declines under clean fallow. population densities of b. longicaudatus increased on cotton, reaching a carrying capacity of ... | 2000 | 19270968 |
| yield reduction and root damage to cotton induced by belonolaimus longicaudatus. | sting nematode (belonolaimus longicaudatus) is recognized as a pathogen of cotton (gossypium hirsutum), but the expected damage from a given population density of this nematode has not been determined. the objective of this study was to quantify the effects of increasing initial population densities (pi) of b. longicaudatus on cotton yield and root mass. in a field plot study, nematicide application and cropping history were used to obtain a wide range of pi values. cotton yields were regressed ... | 2000 | 19270967 |
| life cycle and mating behavior of belonolaimus longicaudatus in gnotobiotic culture. | the life cycle of belonolaimus longicaudatus was observed in vitro on excised roots of zea mays. roots were cultured on gamborg's b5 medium in petri dishes with 1.5% agar adjusted to ph 5.8 and incubated at 28 degrees c in darkness. second-stage juveniles (j2) fed on the roots and started the second molt (m2) to the third-stage juveniles 2 days after inoculation (dai). the third molt (m3) to the fourth-stage juveniles occurred 7 dai, followed by the fourth molt (m4) to males 13 dai or to females ... | 1999 | 19270877 |
| in vitro culture and feeding behavior of belonolaimus longicaudatus on excised zea mays roots. | a greenhouse population of the sting nematode, belonolaimus longicaudatus, obtained from an infested golf course in california's coachella valley, was surface-decontaminated and cuhured on excised roots of zea mays supported by gamborg's b5 medium. at 26-27 degrees c the females laid eggs, and newly emerged juveniles of the second generation completed three molts within 29 days after egg deposition. sixty days after inoculation with 60 females and 40 males, an average of 529 nematodes and 83 egg ... | 1997 | 19274175 |
| the internal transcribed spacer region of belonolaimus (nemata: belonolaimidae). | belonolaimus isolates from six u.s. states were compared by restriction endonuclease digestion of amplified first internal transcribed spacer region (its1) of the nuclear ribosomal genes. seven restriction enzymes were selected for evaluation based on restriction sites inferred from the nucleotide sequence of a south carolina belonolaimus isolate. amplified product size from individuals of each isolate was approximately 700 bp. all midwestern isolates gave distinct restriction digestion patterns ... | 1997 | 19274130 |
| spatial patterns of belonolaimus spp. among and within citrus orchards on florida's central ridge. | a survey was initiated to determine the incidence of belonolaimus spp. (sting nematodes) in citrus orchards in the central ridge region of florida, following widespread damage by these nematodes to young trees replanted after freezing weather in 1989-90. sting nematodes were detected in 50% of 210 samples and in 64% of 84 orchards surveyed. more orchards in polk county were infested with sting nematodes (82%) than in counties to the north (36%) or south (48%). principal component analysis of mor ... | 1996 | 19277153 |
| effect of tropical rotation crops on meloidogyne incognita and other plant-parasitic nematodes. | in a field experiment conducted on sandy soil in florida during the 1993 season, rotation crops of castor (ricinus communis), velvetbean (mucuna deeringina), 'mississippi silver' cowpea (vigna unguiculata), american jointvetch (aeschynomene americana), 'dehapine 51' cotton (gossypium hirsutum), and 'sx-17' sorghum-sudangrass (sorghum bicolor x s. sudanense) were effective in maintaining low population densities (<12/100 cm(3) soil) of meloidogyne incognita race 1, whereas high population densiti ... | 1995 | 19277319 |
| host status of different bermudagrasses (cynodon spp.) for the sting nematode, belonolaimus longicaudatus. | thirty-seven warm-season bermudagrass (cynodon spp.) accessions, two cool-season grasses (lolium perenne and festuca arundinacea), 'transvala' digitgrass (digitaria decumbens), and sorghum bicolor were evaluated to determine host suitability and susceptibility to the sting nematode, b. longicaudatus, in a 140-day microcell bioassay. all seven of the evaluated commercial cultivars of cynodon were suitable hosts for b. longicaudatus but varied in their tolerance to the nematode. 'midiron,' 'tifdwa ... | 1992 | 19283057 |
| damage potential and reproduction of belonolaimus longicaudatus and hoplolaimus galeatus on alyceclover. | alyceclover (alysicarpus spp.) is an annual, high-quality leguminous forage, suitable for production under tropical and subtropical climates where the husbandry of conventional leguminous forages, trifolium spp., is uneconomical. the damage potential and reproduction of belonolairaus longicaudatus and hoplolaimus galeatus on alyceclover were studied under greenhouse conditions, using sand and sandy clay loam soil materials, respectively. both nematode species reproduced on alyceclover, but only ... | 1992 | 19283020 |
| dynamics of belonolaimus longicaudatus parasitism on a susceptible st. augustinegrass host. | st. augustinegrass (stenotaphrum secundatum) cv fx-313 was used as a model laboratory host for monitoring population growth of the sting nematode, belonolaimus longicaudatus, and for quantifying the effects of sting nematode parasitism on host performance in two samples of autoclaved native margate fine sand with contrasting amounts of organic matter (om = 7.9% and 3.8%). following inoculation with 50 belonolaimus longicaudatus per pot, nematodes peaked at a mean of 2,139 nematodes per pot 84 da ... | 1992 | 19283019 |
| effect of cropping regime on populations of belonolaimus sp. and pratylenchus scribneri in sandy soil. | the host efficiencies of corn, sorghum, soybean, and wheat were compared for a kansas population of belonolaimus sp. under greenhouse conditions. in a related field study conducted in 1989 and 1990, the responses of belonolaimus sp. and pratylenchus scribneri populations to eight cropping regimes were monitored at depths of 0-30 and 31-60 cm in sandy soil. with the exception of alfalfa, all crop species examined supported substantial increases in populations of both nematodes. largest nematode p ... | 1991 | 19283178 |
| susceptibility of diploid st. augustinegrasses to belonolaimus longicaudatus. | a fine-textured, dwarf st. augustinegrass (stenotaphrum secundatum (walt.) kuntze) genotype, fx-313, was severely damaged in plots in the third year of evaluation in sandy soil in southern florida. damage was associated with numerous (> 40/100-cm(3) soil) sting nematodes, belonolaimus longicaudatus rau. damage was ameliorated (p < 0.05) by fenamiphos applied broadcast at 2.2 g a.i./m(2), and b. longicaudatus numbers were reduced (p < 0.01), compared with untreated plots. root dry weights of four ... | 1991 | 19283170 |
| extraction efficiency of belonolaimus longicaudatus from sandy soil. | numbers of belonolaimus longicaudatus extracted from sandy soils (91-92% sand) by sieving and centrifugation were only 40-55% of those extracted by sieving and incubation on a baermann tray. residues normally discarded at each step of the sieving plus baermann tray extraction procedure were examined for nematodes to obtain estimates of extraction efficiencies. for third-stage and fourth-stage juveniles, males, and females, estimates of extraction efficiency ranged from 60 to 65% in one experimen ... | 1991 | 19283162 |
| determining consistency of spatial dispersion of nematodes in small plots. | nematode population densities in field plots were estimated by collecting samples consisting of 12 soil cores. plots encompassed a variety of plant hosts and sampling dates, and provided data on the population densities of seven species of plant-parasitic nematodes. three separate samples were collected per plot on each sampling date to obtain estimates of the mean and variance of numbers for each species. for each nematode species, these estimates were used to derive the taylor's power law regr ... | 1991 | 19283095 |
| population dynamics and damage potential of belonolaimus sp. on corn. | the population dynamics and damage potential of an undescribed species of belonolaimus were investigated for 2 years in a naturally infested commercial corn field in southwestern kansas and for a third year in a field microplot study. population trends and vertical distribution of nematode life-stages were monitored and relationships between corn yields and initial or midseason nematode population densities were described using regression analyses. nematode populations in field plots and in the ... | 1989 | 19287675 |
| evaluation of three nematicides for the control of phytoparasitic nematodes in 'tifgreen ii' bermudagrass. | three nematicides were evaluated for control of belonolaimus longicaudatus, hoplolaimus galeatus, criconemella spp., and meloidogyne spp. in 'tifgreen ii' bermudagrass mowed at golf course fairway height (1.3 cm) in fort lauderdale, florida. bermudagrass plots were treated with fenamiphos (13.5 kg a.i./ha), oxamyl (13.5 kg a.i./ha), or 30% formaldehyde (6.4 liter a.i./ha). the plots treated with fenamiphos or formaldehyde were split 14 days later and one-half of each plot received two biweekly a ... | 1988 | 19290302 |
| effects of several phytoparasitic nematodes on the growth of basil, ocimum basilicum. | greenhouse experiments were conducted in 15-cm-d pots of steamed myakka fine sand to determine the host status and tolerance of common basil (ocimum basilicum) to several important phytoparasitic nematodes in florida. populations of meloidogyne incognita, belonolaimus longicaudatus, and pratylenchus scribneri increased and caused significant suppression of foliage and root growth during a 10-month period. the population of paratrichodorus christiei increased and caused a significant reduction in ... | 1988 | 19290296 |
| effect of two nonfumigant nematicides on corn grown in two adjacent fields infested with different nematodes. | the organo-phosphate experimental nematicide, o-ethyl s,s-di-sec-butyl phosphorodithioate (fmc 67825), provided yield increases of corn comparable to carbofuran. both the emulsifiable concentrate and granular formulations of fmc 67825 were equally effective. the evaluations, duplicated in two adjacent fields, clearly demonstrated the importance of the type of plant pathogenic nematodes infesting the sites. where belonolaimus longicaudatus occurred, yield increases ranged from 73% to 80%, whereas ... | 1987 | 19290284 |
| effective use of marine algal products in the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. | algal extracts were ineffective against meloidogyne spp., panagrellus redivivus, and neoaplectana carpocapsae at 1.0% aqueous concentrations, with the exception of spatoglossum schroederi. s. schroederi killed meloidogyne incognita, m. javanica, m. acrita, and hoplolaimus galeatus at concentrations of 1.0, 0.75, and 0.50%. extracts from s. schroederi at a concentration of 1.0% were ineffective against hirschmanniella caudacrena and belonolaimus longicaudatus. spatoglossum schroederi, botryocladi ... | 1987 | 19290129 |
| a comparison of techniques useful for preparing nematodes for scanning electron microscopy. | second-stage juveniles of meloidogyne incognita were prepared by several different techniques for scanning electron microscopy (sem). sequential fixation in the cold (4-8 c) was superior to rapid fixation at room temperature, glutaraldehyde and glutaraldehyde-formalin were better fixatives than formalin alone, and critical point drying with carbon dioxide or freon gave similar results that were only slightly better than air drying with freon. freeze drying sequentially fixed nematodes from 100% ... | 1986 | 19294215 |
| corn response to subsoiling and nematicide application. | a 2-year field study evaluated the influence of subsoiling and nematicide application, alone and in combination, on the growth and yield of field corn in a sandy soil in north-central florida. the field had a 25-30-cm-deep tillage pan (plowpan) and was infested with belonolaimus longicaudatus, hoplolaimus galeatus, trichodorus christei, and pratylenchus spp. subsoiling increased corn yield both years, and the residual effect of subsoiling in the first year increased yields in the second year. pr ... | 1985 | 19294117 |
| nematode control related to fusarium wilt in soybean and root rot and zinc deficiency in corn. | nematode and disease problems of irrigated, double-cropped soybean and corn, and zinc deficiency of corn were investigated. ethylene dibromide, phenamiphos, and aldicarb were equally effective for controlling nematodes and increasing yields of corn planted minimum-till and soybean planted in a moldboard plow prepared seedbed. the residual effects on yields of nematicides applied to the preceeding crop occurred during 3 years for soybean and 1 year for corn. fusarium wilt symptoms of soybean that ... | 1985 | 19294099 |
| population dynamics of belonolaimus longicaudatus and criconemella ornata and growth response of bermudagrass and overseeded grasses on golf greens following treatment with nematicides. | portions of a 'tifgreen' bermudagrass golf green with poor turf and large numbers of belonolabnus longicaudatus and criconemella ornata were treated with selected nematicides in the summers of 1977 and 1978. improvements in turf quality were observed within 4 wk after treatment with phenamiphos and fensulfothion. treatment with phenamiphos restulted in lower numbers of b. longicaudatus 4 and 14 wk after treatment in the 1977 experiment and up to 1 yr after treatment in the 1978 experiment. treat ... | 1982 | 19295721 |
| variation among populations of belonolaimus longicaudatus. | three north carolina populations of belonolairnus longicaudatus differed significantly from three georgia populations in stylet measurements, the c ratio, the distance of the excretory pore from the anterior end for both sexes; the a ratio for females only; and the total body length, tail length, and spicule length for males only. the georgia nematodes were stouter, and the females possessed sclerotized vaginal pieces. the distal portion of the spicules of north carolina males had an indentation ... | 1974 | 19319373 |
| the effects of soil type, particle size, temperature, and moisture on reproduction of belonolaimus longicaudatus. | effects of soil type, particle size, temperature, and moisture on the reproduction of belonolaimus longicaudatus were investigated under greenhouse conditions. nematode increases occurred only in soils with a minimum of 80% sand and a maximum of 10% clay. optimum soil particle size for reproduction of the tarboro, n.c. and tifton, ga. populations of the nematode was near that of 120-370 mum (65-mesh) silica sand. reproduction was greatest at 25-30 c. some reproduction by the tifton, ga. populati ... | 1974 | 19319355 |
| influence of organic pesticides on nematode and corn earworm damage and on yield of sweet corn. | soil fumigants and nonvolatile pesticides increased growth and yield of sweet corn 'seneca chief' over that of control plants in a 3-year study. nematicide treatments increased average yields by 31% over controls, but did not significantly affect the mean weight per ear. increase in yield was related to control of belonolaimus longicaudatus, trichodorus christiei and pratylenchus zeae. nonvolatile chemicals more effectively reduced populations of b. longicaudatus and t. christiei than did soil f ... | 1973 | 19319328 |
| sting nematode, belonolaimus longicaudatus, immotility induced by extracts of composted municipal refuse. | water extracts from saturated composted municipal refuse rendered sting nematodes, belonolaimus longicaudatus, immotile after immersion for 12 hr. extract concentrated to 33% o f its original volume rendered all o f the 50 sting nematodes tested immotile in 3 hr. the effect of compost extract was slightly reduced by cation exchange and greatly reduced by peroxide digestion of the organic fraction. immotile nematodes were transferred from compost extract to distilled water after 24 hz and 60% reg ... | 1973 | 19319299 |
| comparison of millet and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids grown in untreated soil and soil treated with two nematicides. | aldicarb and bay 68138 (ethyl 4-(methylthio)-m-tolyl isopropylphosphoramidate) were effective in increasing the plant height and yield of millet and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. stunting of plants and reduction in yield were inversely proportional to the number of pratylenchus spp. and belonolaimus longicaudatus present in the rhizosphere. millet and sorghum-sudangrass hybrids supported large numbers of criconemoides ornatus, pratylenchus spp., b. longicaudatus, and xiphinema americanum. funk's s ... | 1973 | 19319298 |
| labial morphology of belonolaimus longicaudatus as revealed by the scanning electron microscope. | | 1972 | 19319270 |
| host differences among florida populations of belonolaimus longicaudatus rau. | three populations of belonolaimus longicaudatus from gainesville, fuller's crossing, and sanford, all in florida, were tested for parasitism on citrus jambhiri (rough lemon), arachis hypogaea ('early runner' peanut), fragaria sp. ('florida 90' hybrid strawberry), and lycopersicon esculentum ('rutgers' tomato). the three populations were found to be three different physiological races because: (i) the fuller's crossing population reproduced well on and caused injury to rough lemon and tomato but ... | 1970 | 19322299 |
| equal-frequency tolerance ellipses for population studies of belonolaimus longicaudatus. | a biometrical method, using x-y plots of measurements of normauy-distributed bivariate characters to construct a 95% equal-frequency ellipse representing 95% o f the specimens within its boundary, is presented. comparisons of ellipses of four populations of belonolaimus longicaudatus rau show mean stylet lengths are relatively stable compared to mean tail lengths and there is greater styler length variability in short stylet forms. the extent of variability and regression between the populations ... | 1970 | 19322276 |
| pathogenicity and interaction of three nematode species on six bermudagrasses. | the ring nematode (criconemoides ornatus), stunt nematode (tylenchorhynchus martini), and sting nematode (belonolaimus iongicaudatus) reproduced readily on six bermudagrasses (common, 'u-3', 'tufcote', 'continental', 'tiffine', and 'tifdwarf'). populations of a single nematode species influenced the population development of a second and third parasitic nematode species on a particular host plant. activity of most nematodes adversely affected reproduction of other nematode species in mixed cultu ... | 1970 | 19322272 |