| ten-year survey of british bats for the existence of rabies. | in 1985, a notable increase in the number of recorded cases of rabies in european bats was observed, indicating a possible spread of the rabies virus in these bats. because of concern that the disease could be introduced into the united kingdom by bats crossing from mainland europe, a programme of screening dead bats for the presence of rabies and rabies-related viruses was initiated at the rabies research and diagnostic unit at the central veterinary laboratory. over a period of 10 years (janua ... | 1996 | 8950819 |
| first isolation of a rabies-related virus from a daubenton's bat in the united kingdom. | on may 30, 1996, a sick daubenton's bat (myotis daubentonii) was recovered from the cellar of a public house in newhaven, east sussex. its condition deteriorated rapidly, and it was euthanased and examined. positive results, establishing the presence of a rabies or rabies-related virus in its brain, were obtained from the fluorescent antibody test, the rabies tissue culture isolation test, and a hemi-nested reverse-transcription pcr. the complete sequence of the nucleoprotein gene was determined ... | 2000 | 11073000 |
| interaction of lyssaviruses with the low-affinity nerve-growth factor receptor p75ntr. | the low-affinity nerve-growth factor receptor p75ntr interacts in vitro with the rabies virus (rv) glycoprotein and serves as a receptor for rv. the lyssavirus genus comprises seven genotypes (gts) of rabies and rabies-related viruses. the ability of p75ntr to interact with the glycoprotein of representative lyssaviruses from each gt was investigated. this investigation was based on a specific binding assay between bsr cells infected with a lyssavirus and spodoptera frugiperda (sf21) cells expre ... | 2001 | 11714960 |
| european bat lyssavirus type 2 in a bat found in lancashire. | | 2002 | 12408333 |
| new lyssavirus genotype from the lesser mouse-eared bat (myotis blythi), kyrghyzstan. | the aravan virus was isolated from a lesser mouse-eared bat (myotis blythi) in the osh region of kyrghyzstan, central asia, in 1991. we determined the complete sequence of the nucleoprotein (n) gene and compared it with those of 26 representative lyssaviruses obtained from databases. the aravan virus was distinguished from seven distinct genotypes on the basis of nucleotide and amino acid identity. phylogenetic analysis based on both nucleotide and amino acid sequences showed that the aravan vir ... | 2003 | 12643828 |
| isolation of a european bat lyssavirus type 2 from a daubenton's bat in the united kingdom. | european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2) has been isolated once previously from a bat in the uk in june 1996. in september 2002, a daubenton's bat (myotis daubentonii) found in lancashire developed abnormal behaviour, including unprovoked aggression, while it was in captivity. brain samples from the bat were tested for virus of the lyssavirus genus, which includes eblv-2 (genotype 6), and classical rabies virus (genotype 1). a positive fluorescent antibody test confirmed that it was infected with ... | 2003 | 12696703 |
| susceptibility of ferrets (mustela putorius furo) to experimentally induced rabies with european bat lyssaviruses (eblv). | twenty ferrets (mustela putorius furo) were inoculated by intramuscular (i.m.) injection with european bat lyssaviruses (eblv) type-1 and 2 using 10(4.0) foci-forming units (ffu) eblv-2 (n = 6), 10(4.0) ffu eblv-1 (n = 7) and 10(6.0) ffu eblv-1 (n = 7). furthermore, 15 mice received 10(2.5) ffu eblv-2 (n = 5), 10(2.5) ffu eblv-1 (n = 5) and 10(4.5) ffu eblv-1 (n = 5) by i.m. inoculation. all ferrets and mice receiving the higher dose of eblv-1 succumbed to infection. in contrast, only three of s ... | 2004 | 15030601 |
| audit of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in england and wales in 1990 and 2000. | the objectives were to compare rabies post-exposure prophylaxis issued by the public health laboratory service (phls) in 1990 and in 2000, to evaluate their appropriateness, and to make recommendations for future issue of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in england and wales. the method was to review all rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin issues by phls in 1990 and 2000 with evaluation against department of health recommendations. the phls issued prophylaxis to 656 people in 1990 and 295 people i ... | 2004 | 15259410 |
| identification of a european bat lyssavirus type 2 in a daubenton's bat found in staines, surrey, uk. | | 2004 | 15508848 |
| identification of a european bat lyssavirus type 2 in a daubenton's bat found in lancashire. | | 2004 | 15573955 |
| european bat lyssavirus in scottish bats. | we report the first seroprevalence study of the occurrence of specific antibodies to european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2) in daubenton's bats. bats were captured from 19 sites across eastern and southern scotland. samples from 198 daubenton's bats, 20 natterer's bats, and 6 pipistrelle's bats were tested for eblv-2. blood samples (n = 94) were subjected to a modified fluorescent antibody virus neutralization test to determine antibody titer. from 0.05% to 3.8% (95% confidence interval) of dau ... | 2005 | 15829196 |
| phylogeography, population dynamics, and molecular evolution of european bat lyssaviruses. | european bat lyssaviruses types 1 and 2 (eblv-1 and eblv-2) are widespread in europe, although little is known of their evolutionary history. we undertook a comprehensive sequence analysis to infer the selection pressures, rates of nucleotide substitution, age of genetic diversity, geographical origin, and population growth rates of eblv-1. our study encompassed data from 12 countries collected over a time span of 35 years and focused on the glycoprotein (g) and nucleoprotein (n) genes. we show ... | 2005 | 16051841 |
| airborne transmission of lyssaviruses. | in 2002, a scottish bat conservationist developed a rabies-like disease and subsequently died. this was caused by infection with european bat lyssavirus 2 (eblv-2), a virus closely related to rabies virus (rabv). the source of this infection and the means of transmission have not yet been confirmed. in this study, the hypothesis that lyssaviruses, particularly rabv and the bat variant eblv-2, might be transmitted via the airborne route was tested. mice were challenged via direct introduction of ... | 2006 | 16687600 |
| european bat lyssavirus type 2 rna in myotis daubentonii. | organ distribution of european bat lyssavirus type 2 viral rna in its reservoir host, myotis daubentonii (daubenton's bat), was measured with a novel quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. high levels of genomic rna were found in the brain and were also detectable in the tongue, bladder, and stomach. | 2006 | 16836837 |
| occupational lyssavirus risks and post-vaccination monitoring. | in the uk, rabies pre-exposure vaccination involves a 3-dose course (do, 7 & 28) and reinforcing doses at a 2-3 year intervals. this booster schedule had been implemented following scientific evidence indicating that a reduction in the previous regime interval of 3-5 years was warranted. the regime changes were particularly relevant to high risk groups that may encounter rabies virus. those at known high risk of exposure to rabies and other lyssaviruses include laboratory staff and a diverse gro ... | 2006 | 16878474 |
| ability of rabies vaccine strains to elicit cross-neutralising antibodies. | two european bat lyssaviruses (eblv-1 and eblv-2) have been identified (n > 750 cases) in european bat species. in addition, eblvs have been detected as "spillover" cases in three humans, one stone marten and four sheep. a further concern is the interaction of companion animals with infected bats and the possibility of subsequent lyssavirus infection. cat-bat interactions represent approximately 32 % (n = 398) of passive lyssavirus surveillance submissions at the veterinary laboratories agency ( ... | 2006 | 16878476 |
| cross reactive antigenicity in orally vaccinated foxes and raccoon dogs against european bat lyssavirus type 1 and 2. | for the first time, the effectiveness of oral rabies vaccines against european bat lyssaviruses type 1 (eblv-1) and type 2 (eblv-2) by means of cross-neutralization assays was investigated. sera from orally vaccinated red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) with the street alabama dufferin (sad) b19 and sad p5/88 live-modified vaccine viruses were used to study the cross reactive antigenicity against cvs-11 (genotype 1), eblv-1 (genotype 5) and eblv-2 (genotype 6). ... | 2006 | 16878477 |
| eblv-2 prevalence in the united kingdom as determined by surveillance testing. | five cases of eblv-2 have been detected in the uk since 1996, with all wildlife cases in the daubenton's bat: one on the south coast in sussex in 1996, one in lancashire in 2002, another in 2003, one in surrey in 2004 and a human fatality in angus, scotland, in 2002. as a result of the human case, a seroprevalence study, aimed primarily at the daubenton's bat was conducted in 2003 in scotland and at some sites in england. in scotland, 198 daubenton's, 20 natterer's and 6 pipistrelles were caught ... | 2006 | 16878484 |
| development of a real-time, differential rt-pcr taqman assay for lyssavirus genotypes 1, 5 and 6. | a number of rt-pcr methods have been reported for the detection of rabies and rabies-related viruses. here, a single, closed tube, non-nested rt-pcr taqman assay to distinguish between classical rabies virus and european bat lyssaviruses 1 and 2 in real time is described. the taqman assay is rapid, sensitive, specific and allows for the genotyping of unknown isolates concomitant with the rt-pcr. it can be applied quantitatively and the use of an internal control enables the quality of the isolat ... | 2006 | 17058499 |
| comparative analysis of the full genome sequence of european bat lyssavirus type 1 and type 2 with other lyssaviruses and evidence for a conserved transcription termination and polyadenylation motif in the g-l 3' non-translated region. | we report the first full-length genomic sequences for european bat lyssavirus type-1 (eblv-1) and type-2 (eblv-2). the eblv-1 genomic sequence was derived from a virus isolated from a serotine bat in hamburg, germany, in 1968 and the eblv-2 sequence was derived from a virus isolate from a human case of rabies that occurred in scotland in 2002. a long-distance pcr strategy was used to amplify the open reading frames (orfs), followed by standard and modified race (rapid amplification of cdna ends) ... | 2007 | 17374776 |
| antigenic characterisation of yeast-expressed lyssavirus nucleoproteins. | in europe, three genotypes of the genus lyssavirus, family rhabdoviridae, are present, classical rabies virus (rabv, genotype 1), european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1, genotype 5) and european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2, genotype 6). the entire authentic nucleoprotein (n protein) encoding sequences of rabv (challenge virus standard, cvs, strain), eblv-1 and eblv-2 were expressed in yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae at high level. purification of recombinant n proteins by caesium chloride gradi ... | 2007 | 17619134 |
| susceptibility of sheep to european bat lyssavirus type-1 and -2 infection: a clinical pathogenesis study. | european bat lyssaviruses (eblvs) have been known to cross the species barrier from their native bat host to other terrestrial mammals. in this study, we have confirmed eblv-1 and eblv-2 susceptibility in sheep (ovis ammon) following intracranial and peripheral (intramuscular) inoculation. notably, mild clinical disease was observed in those exposed to virus via the intramuscular route. following the intramuscular challenge, 75% of the animals infected with eblv-1 and 100% of those that were cha ... | 2007 | 17706900 |
| isolation of european bat lyssavirus type 2 from a daubenton's bat (myotis daubentonii) in shropshire. | | 2007 | 17873269 |
| european bat lyssavirus type 2: human exposure in england. | | 2007 | 17900428 |
| first isolation of eblv-2 in germany. | in europe, rabies in bats is caused by european bat lyssavirus (eblv) type 1 (eblv-1) or type 2 (eblv-2) which form two distinct genotypes (gt 5 and 6) within the genus lyssavirus of the family of rhadoviridae. spill-over infections of eblv in humans have caused fatal rabies encephalitis and highlighted the relevance of this wildlife disease for public health. the vast majority of the 831 european bat rabies cases reported between 1977 and 2006 were identified as eblv-1. only few virus isolates ... | 2008 | 18424021 |
| spatial distribution of mitochondrial and microsatellite dna variation in daubenton's bat within scotland. | daubenton's bat (myotis daubentonii) is a known reservoir for european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2). an appreciation of the potential for epidemiological spread and disease risk requires an understanding of the dispersal of the primary host, and any large-scale geographical barriers that may impede gene flow. the spatial pattern of microsatellite and mitochondrial dna variation was examined to infer patterns of dispersal of bats among 35 populations across scotland. dna sequence variation at t ... | 2008 | 18565113 |
| up-regulation of chemokine gene transcripts and t-cell infiltration into the central nervous system and dorsal root ganglia are characteristics of experimental european bat lyssavirus type 2 infection of mice. | european bat lyssaviruses (eblv) types 1 and 2 are closely related to classical rabies virus (rabv), and are capable of causing rabies in terrestrial mammals, including humans. the authors have investigated the murine host innate immune response in the brain, salivary gland, spinal cord, and blood, following peripheral inoculation with eblv-2. in the brain, increases in toll-like receptor-3 (tlr-3) transcript preceded overt disease, with a range of inflammatory gene transcripts increasing during ... | 2008 | 18569456 |
| experimental infection of foxes with european bat lyssaviruses type-1 and -2. | experimental studies have been undertaken to assess the susceptibility of silver foxes to bat variants of rabies virus, namely european bat lyssaviruses (eblvs). both eblv-1 and eblv-2 have been isolated in european bats since 1954, in eptesicus serotinus and myotis species, respectively. since 2000, the number of reported cases has increased largely due to the improvement of the surveillance of bat rabies virus throughout europe. although over >800 eblvs cases have been reported in bats in euro ... | 2008 | 18634496 |
| active monitoring of eblv infection in natural colonies of the mouse-eared bat (myotis myotis). | bats are important reservoir hosts of rna viruses, including lyssaviruses, which can cross the species barrier to infect humans and other domestic and wild non-flying mammals. six of the seven lyssavirus genotypes described to date infect bats. in europe, two genotypes of lyssavirus, european bat lyssavirus types 1 and 2 (eblv-1 and eblv-2), circulate among several bat species and numerous bats are found infected every year. to provide epidemiologists and public health officials with data to eff ... | 2008 | 18634518 |
| investigating antibody neutralization of lyssaviruses using lentiviral pseudotypes: a cross-species comparison. | cross-neutralization between rabies virus (rabv) and two european bat lyssaviruses (eblv-1 and -2) was analysed using lentiviral pseudotypes as antigen vectors. glycoprotein (g-protein) cdna from rabv challenge virus standard-11 (cvs-11) and eblv-1 and -2 were cloned and co-expressed with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) or murine leukemia virus (mlv) gag-pol and packageable green fluorescent protein (gfp) or luciferase reporter genes in human cells. the harvested lentiviral (hiv) vector infec ... | 2008 | 18753230 |
| experimental study of european bat lyssavirus type-2 infection in daubenton's bats (myotis daubentonii). | european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2) can be transmitted from daubenton's bats to humans and cause rabies. eblv-2 has been repeatedly isolated from daubenton's bats in the uk but appears to be present at a low level within the native bat population. this has prompted us to investigate the disease in its natural host under experimental conditions, to assess its virulence, dissemination and likely means of transmission between insectivorous bats. with the exception of direct intracranial inocula ... | 2008 | 18931061 |
| comparative pathological study of the murine brain after experimental infection with classical rabies virus and european bat lyssaviruses. | european bat lyssaviruses (eblvs) types 1 (eblv-1) and 2 (eblv-2) cause rabies in terrestrial species, but the pathological changes associated with neuroinvasion have yet to be fully elucidated. swiss of-1 mice were inoculated peripherally with strain rv61 (classical rabies virus), rv1423 (eblv-1) or rv1332 (eblv-2) to compare the nature and extent of histopathological changes produced. inoculated animals developed varying degrees of non-suppurative encephalitis, and lyssavirus infection was con ... | 2009 | 19111840 |
| experimental infection of foxes with european bat lyssaviruses type-1 and 2. | since 1954, there have been in excess of 800 cases of rabies as a result of european bat lyssaviruses types 1 and 2 (eblv-1, eblv-2) infection, mainly in serotine and myotis bats respectively. these viruses have rarely been reported to infect humans and terrestrial mammals, as the only exceptions are sheep in denmark, a stone marten in germany and a cat in france. the purpose of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of foxes to eblvs using silver foxes (vulpes vulpes) as a model. | 2009 | 19454020 |
| detection of high levels of european bat lyssavirus type-1 viral rna in the thyroid gland of experimentally-infected eptesicus fuscus bats. | two common bat lyssavirus species have been identified in many european countries: european bat lyssavirus type-1 and -2 (eblv-1 and eblv-2). only limited knowledge on the susceptibility of the natural eblv-hosts, insectivorous bats, to lyssavirus infection is available. our study was undertaken to evaluate the susceptibility and pathology associated with an eblv-1 infection in eptesicus fuscus following different routes of virus inoculation including intracranial (n = 6), intramuscular (n = 14) ... | 2009 | 19497087 |
| antibodies induced by vaccination with purified chick embryo cell culture vaccine (pcecv) cross-neutralize non-classical bat lyssavirus strains. | tissue-culture vaccines like purified chick embryo cell vaccine (pcecv) have been shown to provide protection against classical rabies virus (rabv) via pre-exposure or post-exposure prophylaxis. a cross-neutralization study was conducted using a panel of 100 human sera, to determine, to what extent after vaccination with pcecv protection exists against non-classical bat lyssavirus strains like european bat lyssavirus (eblv) type 1 and 2 and australian bat lyssavirus (ablv). virus neutralizing an ... | 2009 | 19615958 |
| european bat lyssavirus type 2 in a daubenton's bat in scotland. | | 2009 | 19783855 |
| repeated detection of european bat lyssavirus type 2 in dead bats found at a single roost site in the uk. | in august 2007, european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2) was isolated from a daubenton's bat found at stokesay castle. in september 2008, another bat from the same vicinity of stokesay castle also tested positive for eblv-2. this is the first occurrence of repeated detection of eblv-2 from a single site. here, we report the detection of low levels of viral rna in various bat organs by qrt-pcr and detection of viral antigen by immunohistochemistry. we also report sequence data from both cases and ... | 2009 | 19841859 |
| targeted surveillance for european bat lyssaviruses in english bats (2003-06). | in 2003-06, targeted (active) surveillance for european bat lyssaviruses (eblvs) was undertaken throughout england, focusing on two species most likely to host these viruses, myotis daubentonii and eptesicus serotinus. blood was sampled for the detection of eblv-specific neutralizing antibodies and oropharyngeal swabs were taken for the detection of viral rna or infectious virus in saliva. between 2003 and 2006, 273 e. serotinus and 363 m. daubentonii blood samples were tested by the eblv-1 or e ... | 2009 | 19901379 |
| bat rabies--a gordian knot? | although classical rabies is one of the earliest identified and best studied infectious diseases, there is still limited knowledge about lyssaviruses and their major natural hosts, bats. focussing on bat rabies in europe caused by european bat lyssaviruses 1 (eblv-1) and 2, for instance the association of eblv-1 to eptesicus bats and eblv-2 to myotis daubentonii and m. dasycneme together with an apparent clustering of cases is one question still to be answered. furthermore, the question whether ... | 2009 | 19999377 |
| first encounter of european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2) in a bat in finland. | in finland, rabies in bats was suspected for the first time in 1985 when a bat researcher, who had multiple bat bites, died in helsinki. the virus isolated from the researcher proved to be antigenically related to rabies viruses previously detected in german bats. later, the virus was typed as eblv-2b. despite an epidemiological study in bats 1986 and subsequent rabies surveillance, rabies in bats was not detected in finland until the first case in a daubenton's bat (myotis daubentonii) was conf ... | 2010 | 20196902 |
| surveillance for european bat lyssavirus in swiss bats. | most countries in western europe are currently free of rabies in terrestrial mammals. nevertheless, rabies remains a residual risk to public health due to the natural circulation of bat-specific viruses, such as european bat lyssaviruses (eblvs). european bat lyssavirus types 1 and 2 (eblv-1 and eblv-2) are widely distributed throughout europe, but little is known of their true prevalence and epidemiology. we report that only three out of 837 brains taken from bats submitted to the swiss rabies ... | 2010 | 20803042 |
| international interlaboratory trials on rabies diagnosis: an overview of results and variation in reference diagnosis techniques (fluorescent antibody test, rabies tissue culture infection test, mouse inoculation test) and molecular biology techniques. | interlaboratory trials on rabies diagnosis were organised in 2009 and in 2010 by the european union reference laboratory (eurl) for rabies. in 2009, two panels of virus samples were sent to participating laboratories to compare results on reference diagnosis techniques and on rt-pcr. a single panel was sent in 2010 to test fat (fluorescent antibody test), rtcit (rabies tissue culture infection test) and rt-pcr techniques. the virus panels included the rabv, eblv-1, eblv-2 and ablv strains. resul ... | 2011 | 21703307 |
| pathology associated with a human case of rabies in the united kingdom caused by european bat lyssavirus type-2. | human infection with the rabies-related virus european bat lyssavirus type-2 (eblv-2) has only been reported on two occasions. here we report the pathology observed within spinal cord and visceral tissues associated with eblv-2 infection for the first time. neuronal labelling with an anti-rabies nucleocapsid monoclonal antibody was observed and appeared indistinguishable from the labelling reported from human infection with rabies virus. © 2011 crown copyright. published by s. karger ag, basel. | 2011 | 22142887 |
| [rabies in bats]. | rabies is a zoonosis ending fatally in all mammals, including humans. unlike the other mammals, this disease is usually not fatal in bats. rabies is caused by lyssaviruses which are divided into several distinct phylogroups comprising 15 known viruses. it is believed that the original hosts of all lyssaviruses are bats. classical rabies virus (rabv) occurs in bats across americas and represents the major cause of rabies in humans and domestic animals there. european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1 ... | 2016 | 27450525 |
| analysis of the complete genome of the first irkut virus isolate from china: comparison across the lyssavirus genus. | the genome of irkut virus, isolate irkv-thchina12, the first non-rabies lyssavirus from china (of bat origin), has been completely sequenced. in general, coding and non-coding regions of this viral genome are similar to those of other lyssaviruses. however, alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of the structural proteins of irkv-thchina12 with those of other lyssavirus representatives revealed significant variability between viral species. the nucleoprotein and matrix protein were found ... | 2013 | 23872529 |
| molecular epidemiology of bat lyssaviruses in europe. | bat rabies cases in europe are principally attributed to two lyssaviruses, namely european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1) and european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2). between 1977 and 2011, 961 cases of bat rabies were reported to rabies bulletin europe, with the vast majority (>97%) being attributed to eblv-1. there have been 25 suspected cases of eblv-2, of which 22 have been confirmed. in addition, two single isolations of unique lyssaviruses from european insectivorous bats were reported in ... | 2013 | 22937876 |
| erratum to: evolutionary trends of european bat lyssavirus type 2 including genetic characterization of finnish strains of human and bat origin 24 years apart. | | 2015 | 26041725 |
| evolutionary trends of european bat lyssavirus type 2 including genetic characterization of finnish strains of human and bat origin 24 years apart. | among other lyssaviruses, daubenton's and pond-bat-related european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2) can cause human rabies. to investigate the diversity and evolutionary trends of eblv-2, complete genome sequences of two finnish isolates were analysed. one originated from a human case in 1985, and the other originated from a bat in 2009. the overall nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence identity of the two finnish isolates were high, as well as the similarity to fully sequenced eblv-2 strain ... | 2015 | 25877913 |
| comparative studies on the genetic, antigenic and pathogenic characteristics of bokeloh bat lyssavirus. | bokeloh bat lyssavirus (bblv), a novel lyssavirus, was isolated from a natterer's bat (myotis nattererii), a chiropteran species with a widespread and abundant distribution across europe. as a novel lyssavirus, the risks of bblv to animal and human health are unknown and as such characterization both in vitro and in vivo was required to assess pathogenicity and vaccine protection. full genome sequence analysis and antigenic cartography demonstrated that the german bblv isolates are most closely ... | 2014 | 24828330 |
| bat rabies surveillance in finland. | in 1985, a bat researcher in finland died of rabies encephalitis caused by european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2), but an epidemiological study in 1986 did not reveal eblv-infected bats. in 2009, an eblv-2-positive daubenton's bat was detected. the eblv-2 isolate from the human case in 1985 and the isolate from the bat in 2009 were genetically closely related. in order to assess the prevalence of eblvs in finnish bat populations and to gain a better understanding of the public health risk that ... | 2013 | 24011337 |
| detection of european bat lyssavirus 2 (eblv-2) in a daubenton's bat (myotis daubentonii) from magdeburg, germany. | in europe bat rabies in daubenton's bats (myotisdaubentonii) and in pond bats (myotis dasycneme) caused by the european bat lyssavirus 2 (eblv-2) has been confirmed in less than 20 cases to date. here we report the second encounter of this virus species in germany. a daubenton's bat found grounded in the zoological garden in magdeburg died shortly after. in the frame of a retrospective study the bat carcass was eventually transferred to the national reference laboratory for rabies at the friedri ... | 2012 | 22712424 |
| first detection of european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2) in norway. | in europe, bat rabies is primarily attributed to european bat lyssavirus type 1 (eblv-1) and european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2) which are both strongly host-specific. approximately thirty cases of infection with eblv-2 in daubenton's bats (myotis daubentonii) and pond bats (m. dasycneme) have been reported. two human cases of rabies caused by eblv-2 have also been confirmed during the last thirty years, while natural spill-over to other non-flying mammals has never been reported. rabies has ... | 2017 | 28693578 |
| second case of european bat lyssavirus type 2 detected in a daubenton's bat in finland. | european bat lyssavirus type 2 (eblv-2) was detected in finland in a daubenton's bat (myotis daubentonii) found in the municipality of inkoo (60°02'45″n, 024°00'20″e). the bat showed neurological signs and was later found dead. the laboratory analysis revealed the presence of lyssavirus, and the virus was characterized as eblv-2. this isolation of eblv-2 was the second time that the virus has been detected in a daubenton's bat in finland. this provides additional proof that eblv-2 is endemic in ... | 2017 | 28946904 |
| between roost contact is essential for maintenance of european bat lyssavirus type-2 in myotis daubentonii bat reservoir: 'the swarming hypothesis'. | many high-consequence human and animal pathogens persist in wildlife reservoirs. an understanding of the dynamics of these pathogens in their reservoir hosts is crucial to inform the risk of spill-over events, yet our understanding of these dynamics is frequently insufficient. viral persistence in a wild bat population was investigated by combining empirical data and in-silico analyses to test hypotheses on mechanisms for viral persistence. a fatal zoonotic virus, european bat lyssavirus type 2 ... | 2020 | 32015375 |