| [new faunal and biological observations on ticks in abruzzo]. | ticks collected during the years 1975-76 in abruzzo (prov. l'aquila and chieti) italy are reported. the following species have been identified: ixodes canisuga, ixodes frontalis, ixodes hexagonus, ixodes ricinus, dermacentor marginatus, haemaphysalis sulcata, rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus sanguineus, hyalomma marginatum. new hosts are: felis catus for ixodes canisuga; scolopax rusticola, motacilla flava, corvus cornix for ixodes frontalis; sciurus vulgaris for haemaphysalis punctata; garrul ... | 1976 | 1032325 |
| use of recombinant vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein virus for oral vaccination of wildlife against rabies: innocuity to several non-target bait consuming species. | the pathogenicity of a vaccinia recombinant virus expressing the rabies glycoprotein (vvtggrab) was tested in several wild animal species which could compete with the natural rabies host, the red fox (vulpes vulpes) in consuming vaccine baits in europe. the following species were included in this study: wild boar (sus scrofa), eurasian badger (meles meles), wood mouse (apodemus sylvaticus), yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis), bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus), common vole (microtus arv ... | 1989 | 2681844 |
| the role of birds as definitive hosts and intermediate hosts of heteroxenous coccidians. | sarcocystis-like oocysts-sporocysts were found in four species of owls (asio otus, bubo bubo, strix aluco, and tyto alba) and in five species of predatory birds (accipiter gentilis, accipiter nisus, buteo buteo, circus aeruginosus, falco tinnunculus). in addition, the muscles of 15 of 41 (36.5%) pheasants (phasianus colchicus) and one of two jays (garrulus glandarius) were found to harbor three types of sarcocystis. three of 15 (20%) infected pheasants had type i cystozoites (6-8 x 2 microns) in ... | 1984 | 6439858 |
| isolation and primary structure of a novel avian pancreatic polypeptide from five species of eurasian crow. | chicken pancreatic polypeptide is the prototype of the neuropeptide y (npy)/pp superfamily of regulatory peptides. this polypeptide was appended the descriptive term avian, despite the presence of some 8600 extant species of bird. additional primary structures from other avian species, including turkey, goose and ostrich, would suggest that the primary structure of this polypeptide has been highly-conserved during avian evolution. avian pancreatic polypeptides structurally-characterised to date ... | 1993 | 8234905 |
| borreliae in immature ixodes ricinus (acari:ixodidae) ticks parasitizing birds in the czech republic. | of 411 forest birds of 33 species examined near valtice, czech republic, 29% were infested with ixodes ricinus (l.); 2.2% were parasitized by haemaphysalis concinna koch. borreliae were detected in 5.1 and 11.7% of larval and nymphal i. ricinus, respectively. none of the 13 h. concinna tested was infected. in total, 3.2% of the birds examined were parasitized by i. ricinus immatures infected by borreliae. borreliae-containing ticks parasitized european robin, erithacus rubecula (l.); eurasian bl ... | 1996 | 8840682 |
| [on systematics of mites of the genus syringophiloidus (acari: syringophilidae) from the european part of russia]. | a new species syringophiloidus delichonum sp. n. (acari: syringophilidae) is described from quills of delichon urbica (hirundinidae) and s. glandarii (fritsch, 1958) from garrulus glandarius (corvidae) is redescribed. syringophiloidus glandarii, female: body length 650-680, width 160-180. peritremes: longitudinal branch with 11-14 chambers, lateral--with 2 chambers. all propodosomal setae slightly serrate. length of setae: vi 33-36, ve 87-96, sci 150-180, sce 180-240, h 200-230, dl 210-230, d2 1 ... | 2001 | 11548582 |
| juvenile bird acanthocephalans recovered incidentally from raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) on yakushima island, japan. | helminth parasites were collected from 14 raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) and 2 japanese weasels (mustela itatsi sho) on yakushima island, kagoshima prefecture (kyushu), japan. in addition to trematodes and nematodes reported separately, everted cystacanths of 3 bird acanthocephalans (mediorhynchus robustus in 5 animals, porrorchis leibyi in 2 animals, and sphaerirostris lanceoides in 1 animal) were collected from the raccoon dogs introduced recently on this world natural heri ... | 2006 | 16891781 |
| acorn dispersal estimated by radio-tracking. | bird-dispersed seeds are difficult to track, especially in the case of long-distance dispersal events. to estimate the oak dispersal distance and the seed shadow generated by the european jay (garrulus glandarius), we inserted radio-transmitters in 239 acorns, placed them in bird-feeders and then located them by radio-tracking. using this methodology we located the exact caching site of 94 quercus ilex and 54 q. suber acorns and determined the caching habitat characteristics (vegetation type, di ... | 2007 | 17622563 |
| the bird species of kumasir lake (kahramanmaras-turkey) and a view of environmental ethics on sustainable wetland management. | kumasir lake is located next to towns of donuklu and fatih, nine km west of kahramanmaras city center the region of east mediterranean, turkey this lake is of crucial importance from the point of native and immigrant birds. we located 17 birdspecies in this area during our observations carried out in the spring and autumn of 2005-2006. these were ciconia ciconia l., anas platyrhynchos l., accipiter nisus l., accipiter brevipes l., fulica atra l., columba palumbus l., merops apiaster l., upupa ep ... | 2008 | 18972701 |
| presence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum dna in the brain of wild birds. | toxoplasma gondii infections are prevalent in many avian species and can cause mortality in some bird hosts. although t. gondii has been isolated from various species of birds, the role of many different species of wild birds in the epidemiology of t. gondii remains unknown. neospora caninum, a closely related parasite to t. gondii, has been recently confirmed to infect domestic chickens and wild birds such as house sparrows (passer domesticus). the present study reports the presence of t. gondi ... | 2011 | 21831525 |
| on the study of the transmission networks of blood parasites from sw spain: diversity of avian haemosporidians in the biting midge culicoides circumscriptus and wild birds. | blood-sucking flying insects play a key role in the transmission of pathogens of vector-borne diseases. however, at least for the case of avian malaria parasites, the vast majority of studies focus on the interaction between parasites and vertebrate hosts, but there is a lack of information regarding the interaction between the parasites and the insect vectors. here, we identified the presence of malaria and malaria-like parasite lineages harbored by the potential vector culicoides circumscriptu ... | 2013 | 23856348 |
| unforeseen effects of supplementary feeding: ungulate baiting sites as hotspots for ground-nest predation. | despite the ubiquity and magnitude of food provision to wildlife, our understanding of its ecological effects and conservation implications is very limited. supplementary feeding of ungulates, still one of the main paradigms of game management in europe, occurs in natural areas on an enormous scale. we investigated the indirect effects of this practice on nest predation risk in the polish eastern carpathians (bieszczady mountains). we hypothesized that the predators attracted to ungulate baiting ... | 2014 | 24599216 |
| occurrence of giardia and cryptosporidium in wild birds in galicia (northwest spain). | faecal samples were obtained from 433 wild birds being treated in wildlife recovery centres in galicia (northwest spain), between february 2007 and september 2009. the birds belonged to 64 species representing 17 different orders. giardia cysts and cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by an immunofluorescence antibody test and identified at the molecular level by established pcr-sequencing methods. the overall prevalence of giardia was 2·1% and that of cryptosporidium, 8·3%. to our knowledge, t ... | 2015 | 25669618 |
| goshawk prey have more bacteria than non-prey. | 1. predators often prey on individuals that are sick or otherwise weakened. although previous studies have shown higher abundance of parasites in prey, whether prey have elevated loads of micro-organisms remains to be determined. 2. we quantified the abundance of bacteria and fungi on feathers of woodpigeons columba palumbus l., jays garrulus glandarius l. and blackbirds turdus merula l. that either fell prey to goshawks accipiter gentilis l. or were not depredated. 3. we found an almost three-f ... | 2012 | 22039986 |
| eurasian jays (garrulus glandarius) overcome their current desires to anticipate two distinct future needs and plan for them appropriately. | western scrub-jays (aphelocoma californica) have been shown to overcome present satiety to cache food they will desire in the future. here, we show that another corvid, the eurasian jay (garrulus glandarius), can distinguish between two distinct future desires and plan for each appropriately, despite experiencing a conflicting current motivation. we argue that these data address the criticisms of previous work, and suggest a way in which associative learning processes and future-oriented cogniti ... | 2012 | 22048890 |
| feathers at nests are potential female signals in the spotless starling. | although the presence of feathers in the nest is widespread among birds, it has not been previously suggested that feathers can be used as sexual signals. females of the spotless starling (sturnus unicolor) regularly carry feathers to their nest, mostly during laying and incubation. we show that the arrangement of these feathers was non-random with respect to the side (obverse or reverse) placed upwards (which can be viewed from the nest entrance). feathers of the wood pigeon (columba palumbus) ... | 2005 | 17148200 |
| functional morphology and integration of corvid skulls - a 3d geometric morphometric approach. | sympatric corvid species have evolved differences in nesting, habitat choice, diet and foraging. differences in the frequency with which corvid species use their repertoire of feeding techniques is expected to covary with bill-shape and with the frontal binocular field. species that frequently probe are expected to have a relatively longer bill and more sidewise oriented orbits in contrast to species that frequently peck. we tested this prediction by analyzing computed tomography scans of skulls ... | 2009 | 19128499 |
| [peculiarities of the contour feather microstructure in the corvidae family]. | the results of comparative electron microscope study of the fine structure of the definitive contour feathers often crows species (perisoreus infaustus, garrulus glandarius, cyanopica cyanus, pica pica, podoceus panderi, nucifraga caryocatactes, corvus monedula, c. frugilegus, c. cornix, c. corax) are presented. the results of the research allowed us to conclude that crows, along with the traditional elements of feather architectonics, have a number of species-specific microstructure characteris ... | 2016 | 21870493 |
| facing a clever predator demands clever responses - red-backed shrikes (lanius collurio) vs. eurasian magpies (pica pica). | red-backed shrikes (lanius collurio) behave quite differently towards two common nest predators. while the european jay (garrulus glandarius) is commonly attacked, in the presence of the eurasian magpie (pica pica), shrikes stay fully passive. we tested the hypotheses that this passive response to the magpie is an alternative defense strategy. nesting shrikes were exposed to the commonly attacked european kestrel (falco tinnunculus) in a situation in which i) a harmless domestic pigeon, ii) a co ... | 2016 | 27454122 |
| an ecosystem services approach to the ecological effects of salvage logging: valuation of seed dispersal. | forest disturbances diminish ecosystem services and boost disservices. because post-disturbance management intends to recover the greatest possible value, selling timber often prevails over other considerations. ecological research has shown diverse effects of salvage logging, yet such research has focused on the biophysical component of post-disturbance ecosystems and lacks the link with human well-being. here we bridge that gap under the ecosystem services framework by assessing the impact of ... | 2017 | 28342237 |
| erratum: the development of support intuitions and object causality in juvenile eurasian jays (garrulus glandarius). | | 2017 | 28233773 |
| the development of support intuitions and object causality in juvenile eurasian jays (garrulus glandarius). | knowledge about the causal relationship between objects has been studied extensively in human infants, and more recently in adult animals using differential looking time experiments. how knowledge about object support develops in non-human animals has yet to be explored. here, we studied the ontogeny of support relations in eurasian jays (garrulus glandarius), a bird species known for its sophisticated cognitive abilities. using an expectancy violation paradigm, we measured looking time response ... | 2017 | 28053306 |
| eurasian jays do not copy the choices of conspecifics, but they do show evidence of stimulus enhancement. | corvids (birds in the crow family) are hypothesised to have a general cognitive tool-kit because they show a wide range of transferrable skills across social, physical and temporal tasks, despite differences in socioecology. however, it is unknown whether relatively asocial corvids differ from social corvids in their use of social information in the context of copying the choices of others, because only one such test has been conducted in a relatively asocial corvid. we investigated whether rela ... | 2016 | 27920957 |
| shifting demographic conflicts across recruitment cohorts in a dynamic post-disturbance landscape. | seed dispersal effectiveness, which measures the number of adult plant individuals produced by seed dispersal, is the product of the number of seeds dispersed and the probability a seed produces an adult. directed dispersal to certain habitat types may enhance some stages of recruitment but disfavor others, generating demographic conflicts in plant ontogeny. we asked whether temporal changes in habitat features may affect the distribution of seedlings recruited from dispersed acorns, and whether ... | 2016 | 27859134 |
| experimenter expectancy bias does not explain eurasian jays' (garrulus glandarius) performance in a desire-state attribution task. | male eurasian jays have been found to adjust the type of food they share with their female partner after seeing her eat 1 type of food to satiety. one interpretation of this behavior is that the male encoded the female's decreased desire for the food she was sated on, and adjusted his behavior accordingly. however, in these studies, the male's actions were scored by experimenters who knew on which food the female was sated. thus, it is possible that the experimenters' expectations (subconsciousl ... | 2016 | 27709968 |
| desire-state attribution: benefits of a novel paradigm using the food-sharing behavior of eurasian jays (garrulus glandarius). | in recent years, we have investigated the possibility that eurasian jay food sharing might rely on desire-state attribution. the female's desire for a particular type of food can be decreased by sating her on it (specific satiety) and the food sharing paradigm can be used to test whether the male's sharing pattern reflects the female's current desire. our previous findings show that the male shares the food that the female currently wants. here, we consider 3 simpler mechanisms that might explai ... | 2017 | 27195059 |
| spatially modulated structural colour in bird feathers. | eurasian jay (garrulus glandarius) feathers display periodic variations in the reflected colour from white through light blue, dark blue and black. we find the structures responsible for the colour are continuous in their size and spatially controlled by the degree of spinodal phase separation in the corresponding region of the feather barb. blue structures have a well-defined broadband ultra-violet (uv) to blue wavelength distribution; the corresponding nanostructure has characteristic spinodal ... | 2015 | 26686280 |
| surface texture and priming play important roles in predator recognition by the red-backed shrike in field experiments. | we compared the responses of the nesting red-backed shrikes (lanius collurio) to three dummies of a common nest predator, the eurasian jay (garrulus glandarius), each made from a different material (stuffed, plush, and silicone). the shrikes performed defensive behaviour including attacks on all three dummies. nevertheless, the number of attacks significantly decreased from the stuffed dummy through the plush dummy and finally to the silicone dummy. our results show that wild birds use not only ... | 2015 | 25107529 |
| pilfering eurasian jays use visual and acoustic information to locate caches. | pilfering corvids use observational spatial memory to accurately locate caches that they have seen another individual make. accordingly, many corvid cache-protection strategies limit the transfer of visual information to potential thieves. eurasian jays (garrulus glandarius) employ strategies that reduce the amount of visual and auditory information that is available to competitors. here, we test whether or not the jays recall and use both visual and auditory information when pilfering other bir ... | 2014 | 24889656 |
| can male eurasian jays disengage from their own current desire to feed the female what she wants? | humans' predictions of another person's behaviour are regularly influenced by what they themselves might know or want. in a previous study, we found that male eurasian jays (garrulus glandarius) could cater for their female partner's current desire when sharing food with her. here, we tested the extent to which the males' decisions are influenced by their own current desire. when the males' and female's desires matched, males correctly shared the food that was desired by both. when the female's ... | 2014 | 24671829 |
| eurasian jays (garrulus glandarius) conceal caches from onlookers. | animals that cache food risk having their stored food pilfered by conspecifics. previous research has shown that a number of food-caching species of corvid use strategies that decrease the probability of conspecifics pilfering their caches. in this experiment, we investigated whether eurasian jays (garrulus glandarius) would choose between caching behind an opaque and caching behind a transparent barrier whilst being observed by a conspecific. if caching in out-of-sight locations is a strategy t ... | 2014 | 24638877 |
| exclusion in corvids: the performance of food-caching eurasian jays (garrulus glandarius). | choice by exclusion involves selecting a rewarded stimulus by rejecting alternatives that are unlikely to be rewarded. it has been proposed that in corvids, exclusion is an adaptive specialization for caching that, together with object permanence and observational spatial memory, enhances a bird's ability to keep track of the contents of caches. thus, caching species are predicted to perform well in tasks requiring exclusion. we tested this prediction by assessing the performance of eurasian jay ... | 2013 | 23668696 |
| careful cachers and prying pilferers: eurasian jays (garrulus glandarius) limit auditory information available to competitors. | food-storing corvids use many cache-protection and pilfering strategies. we tested whether eurasian jays (garrulus glandarius) reduce the transfer of auditory information to a competitor when caching and pilfering. we gave jays a noisy and a quiet substrate to cache in. compared with when alone, birds cached less in the noisy substrate when with a conspecific that could hear but could not see them caching. by contrast, jays did not change the amount cached in the noisy substrate when they were w ... | 2013 | 23222444 |
| tool-use and instrumental learning in the eurasian jay (garrulus glandarius). | recent research with rooks has demonstrated impressive tool-using abilities in captivity despite this species' classification as a non-tool-user in the wild. here, we explored whether another non-tool-using corvid, the eurasian jay, would be capable of similar feats and investigated the relative contributions of causal knowledge and instrumental conditioning to the birds' performance on the tasks. five jays were tested on a variety of tasks involving water displacement. two birds reliably intera ... | 2011 | 21249510 |
| experimental test of postfire management in pine forests: impact of salvage logging versus partial cutting and nonintervention on bird-species assemblages. | there is an intense debate about the effects of postfire salvage logging versus nonintervention policies on regeneration of forest communities, but scant information from experimental studies is available. we manipulated a burned forest area on a mediterranean mountain to experimentally analyze the effect of salvage logging on bird-species abundance, diversity, and assemblage composition. we used a randomized block design with three plots of approximately 25 ha each, established along an elevati ... | 2010 | 20015262 |
| piagetian object permanence and its development in eurasian jays (garrulus glandarius). | object permanence in eurasian jays (garrulus glandarius) was investigated using a complete version of the uzgiris and hunt scale 1. nine hand-raised jays were studied, divided into two groups according to their different developmental stages (experiment 1, older jays: 2-3 months old, n = 4; experiment 2, younger jays: 15 days old, n = 5). in the first experiment, we investigated whether older jays could achieve piagetian stage 6 of object permanence. tasks were administered in a fixed sequence ( ... | 2007 | 17242935 |
| [a new species of plathelminth dilepsis? spasskayae sp.n. (dilepididae) from the jay (garrulus glandarius l.)]. | | 1967 | 6070414 |
| current desires of conspecific observers affect cache-protection strategies in california scrub-jays and eurasian jays. | many corvid species accurately remember the locations where they have seen others cache food, allowing them to pilfer these caches efficiently once the cachers have left the scene [1]. to protect their caches, corvids employ a suite of different cache-protection strategies that limit the observers' visual or acoustic access to the cache site [2,3]. in cases where an observer's sensory access cannot be reduced it has been suggested that cachers might be able to minimise the risk of pilfering if t ... | 2017 | 28118584 |
| investigating animal cognition with the aesop's fable paradigm: current understanding and future directions. | the aesop's fable paradigm - in which subjects drop stones into tubes of water to obtain floating out-of-reach rewards - has been used to assess causal understanding in rooks, crows, jays and human children. to date, the performance of corvids suggests that they can recognize the functional properties of a variety of objects including size, weight and solidity, and they seem to be more capable of learning from causal information than arbitrary information. however, 2 alternative explanations for ... | 2017 | 26478777 |
| modifications to the aesop's fable paradigm change new caledonian crow performances. | while humans are able to understand much about causality, it is unclear to what extent non-human animals can do the same. the aesop's fable paradigm requires an animal to drop stones into a water-filled tube to bring a floating food reward within reach. rook, eurasian jay, and new caledonian crow performances are similar to those of children under seven years of age when solving this task. however, we know very little about the cognition underpinning these birds' performances. here, we address s ... | 2014 | 25055009 |
| caching at a distance: a cache protection strategy in eurasian jays. | a fundamental question about the complexity of corvid social cognition is whether behaviours exhibited when caching in front of potential pilferers represent specific attempts to prevent cache loss (cache protection hypothesis) or whether they are by-products of other behaviours (by-product hypothesis). here, we demonstrate that eurasian jays preferentially cache at a distance when observed by conspecifics. this preference for a 'far' location could be either a by-product of a general preference ... | 2016 | 26984123 |
| eurasian jays predict the food preferences of their mates. | | 2013 | 23426632 |
| evidence suggesting that desire-state attribution may govern food sharing in eurasian jays. | state-attribution is the ability to ascribe to others an internal life like one's own and to understand that internal, psychological states such as desire, hope, belief, and knowledge underlie others' actions. despite extensive research, comparative studies struggle to adequately integrate key factors of state-attribution that have been identified by evolutionary and developmental psychology as well as research on empathy. here, we develop a behavioral paradigm to address these issues and invest ... | 2013 | 23382187 |
| characterization of the genomic sequence of a novel cress dna virus identified in eurasian jay (garrulus glandarius). | circular replication associated protein (rep)-encoding ssdna (cress dna) viruses have diverse genomic architecture and are widely distributed in different ecosystems. in this study we characterized the complete genomic sequence of a novel circovirus-like virus, garrulus glandarius associated circular virus-1 (ggacv-1). the genome size (1971 nt) and other features (the nonanucleotide, rolling circle replication motif and sf3 helicase motif) are also reminiscent of circoviruses. similar genomes wi ... | 2018 | 29052057 |
| usutu virus, austria and hungary, 2010-2016. | usutu virus (usuv, flaviviridae) was first reported in europe in austria in 2001, where it caused wild bird (mainly blackbird) mortality until 2005. since 2006 no further usuv cases were diagnosed in the country. however, the virus emerged in other european countries (hungary, italy, switzerland, spain, germany and the czech republic) between 2005 and 2011. in 2016, widespread usuv-associated wild bird mortality was observed in germany, france, belgium and the netherlands. in this study, we repo ... | 2017 | 29018253 |
| predator recognition and differential behavioural responses of adult wood warblers phylloscopus sibilatrix. | birds often engage in nest defence against predators to improve breeding success, but defence efficiency requires the capability to assess the threat level posed by potential predators. for species with low breeding-site tenacity, which may encounter varying occurrence and density of predators in different areas, threat recognition could be compromised due to naivety, and so predator recognition may focus on broad key features to diminish the risk of misidentification. we experimentally tested t ... | 2018 | 29375193 |
| pigeon and poultry breeders, friends or enemies of the northern goshawk accipiter gentilis? a long-term study of a population in central poland. | in this study, we focused on a goshawk population in central poland (study area 105 km²,forests 24 km², seven small forest complexes) which was monitored long-term (with high densitiesrecorded in the 1980s of 16.3 pairs/100 km² despite persecution by farmers) to analyse howenvironmental factors (prey availability and changes in the forest structure) influenced populationabundance, breeding parameters, and diet composition. the study was undertaken from 2011-2018,and the results were compared wit ... | 2019 | 30987031 |
| occurrence and genetic diversity of cress dna viruses in wild birds: a hungarian study. | circoviruses, cycloviruses and other circular, replication-associated protein-encoding single stranded (cress) dna viruses have been detected in a variety of animal taxa. in this study, cloacal swab samples (n = 90) were examined for cress dna viruses from 31 wild bird species living at various aquatic sites in hungary to identify possible reservoirs of viruses pathogenic to domestic poultry. a total of 30 (33.3%) specimens tested positive with pan-cress dna virus specific pcr. goose circovirus ... | 2020 | 32341382 |
| increased songbird nest depredation due to aleppo pine (pinus halepensis) encroachment in mediterranean shrubland. | in recent decades, a decrease of passerine densities was documented in mediterranean shrublands. at the same time, a widespread encroachment of aleppo pines (pinus halepensis) to mediterranean shrubland occurred. such changes in vegetation structure may affect passerine predator assemblage and densities, and in turn impact passerine densities. depredation during the nesting season is an important factor to influence passerine population size. understanding the effects of changes in vegetation st ... | 2019 | 31847851 |
| incorporating fine-scale environmental heterogeneity into broad-extent models. | a key aim of ecology is to understand the drivers of ecological patterns, so that we can accurately predict the effects of global environmental change. however, in many cases, predictors are measured at a finer resolution than the ecological response. we therefore require data aggregation methods that avoid loss of information on fine-grain heterogeneity.we present a data aggregation method that, unlike current approaches, reduces the loss of information on fine-grain spatial structure in enviro ... | 2019 | 31244985 |