| extracellular nuclease produced by a marine bacterium. ii. purification and properties of extracellular nuclease from a marine vibrio sp. | extracellular nuclease produced by a marine vibrio sp., strain no. 2, was purified by salting out with ammonium sulfate and by chromatography on a deae-cellulose column and twice on a sephadex g-200 column. the nuclease was eluted as a single peak in which the deoxyribonuclease (dnase) activity and ribonuclease (rnase) activity appeared together. polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis showed a single band of stained protein which had both dnase and rnase activity. the molecular weight of the en ... | 1976 | 10061 |
| transhydrogenase activity in the marine bacterium beneckea natriegens. | the marine bacterium, beneckea natriegens, which has previously been reported not to form transhydrogenase, has been shown to synthesize a soluble energy-independent transhydrogenase (nadph:nadp+ oxidoreductase, ec 1.6.1.1), though no energy-linked activity could be detected. the transhydrogenase is induced maximally in stationary phase cells and its formation is 70-90% repressed by raising the medium phosphate level from 0.33 to 3.3 mm. the enzyme is inhibited by arsenate, inorganic ortho- and ... | 1977 | 12829 |
| a pulse-radiolysis study of the catalytic mechanism of the iron-containing superoxide dismutase from photobacterium leiognathi. | the mechanism of the enzymic reaction of an iron-containing superoxide dismutase purified from the marine bacterium photobacterium leiognathi was studied by using pulse radiolysis. measurements of activity were done with two different preparations of enzyme containing either 1.6 or 1.15 g-atom of iron/mol. in both cases, identical values of the second-order rate constant for reaction between superoxide dismutase and the superoxide ion in the ph range 6.2-9.0 (k=5.5 x 10(8) m-1-s-1 at ph 8.0) wer ... | 1977 | 15540 |
| sodium ion-proton antiport in a marine bacterium. | alteromonas haloplanktis ejected protons in response to a brief respiratory pulse; the rate of decay of the resulting ph change was accelerated when na+ was present in the suspension medium. the addition of an anaerobic nacl solution to an essentially na+-free anaerobic bacterial suspension induced the acidification of the suspension medium. these results and others discussed provide substantial evidence for the existence of an na+-h+ antiporter in this organism. | 1978 | 26666 |
| purification and some properties of two nadp+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenases from an obligately psychrophilic marine bacterium, vibrio sp., strain abe-1. | two isozymes of nadp+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase [icdh; ec 1.1.1.42] were confirmed to be present in an obligately psychrophilic marine bacterium, vibrio sp., strain abe-1, on the basis of the temperature-activity curve and electrophoretic mobilities. these isozymes were separated and purified about 170-fold for isozyme i (specific activity at 40 degrees c, 24.3 units/mg protein) and about 180-fold for isozyme ii (specific activity at 20 degrees c, 59.2 units/mg protein), though the isozy ... | 1979 | 39069 |
| fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from vibrio marinus, a psychrophilic marine bacterium. | fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (fru-p2a) from a psychrophilic marine bacterium was found to be class ii aldolase based on activation by k+, activation by divalent cations, inactivation by edta, low molecular weight, and similar values for km, vmax, and arrhenius activation energy. this enzyme was not markedly different in amino acid composition from the enzymes from mesophilic and thermophilic organisms, yet it has unusual thermal properties. | 1979 | 39385 |
| trypotophanase from a marine bacterium, vibrio k-7 synthesis, purification and some chemical catalytic properties. | the conditions for synthesis, purification, and properties of tryptophanase by a marine organism (vibrio k-7) were studied. tryptophanase was induced by tryptophan and its analogs, and partially repressed by 0.5% glucose or glycerol. nacl (0.4 m) was required for optimal growth and tryptophanase activity in whole cells. the enzyme was purified to 92% homogeneity by heat treatment, hydroxyapatite chromatography and fractionation with ammonium sulfate. this tryptophanase has been found to have kin ... | 1979 | 42371 |
| physicochemical and immunological homogeneity of spinin, the subunit-protein of bacterial spinae. | bacterial spinae from marine bacterium d71 are multi-subunit structures of a single protein. this protein, called spinin, is homogeneous by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis, amino acid composition, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a number of buffer systems, sedimentation velocity and diffusion boundary analysis. sedimentation equilibrium gives mr = 19,000, while phosphate polyacryl-amide gel electrophoresis in presence of dodecyl sulfate gives mr = 32,000. the lower mr estimate ... | 1978 | 98181 |
| composition of the fractions separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the lipopolysaccharide of a marine bacterium. | the sugar composition of lipopolysaccharide (lps) isolated from whole cells of alteromonas haloplanktis 214 (previously referred to as marine pseudomonas b-16, atcc 19855), variant 3, of the lipid a, core, and side-chain fractions derived from it, and of the lps fractions (lps i, ii, and iii) obtained by subjecting it to preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been determined. conditions optimum for the release of constituent monosaccharides by hydrolysis were e ... | 1978 | 101510 |
| atp hydrolysis in a marine bacterium. | the membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase of marine pseudomonad b-16, when solubilized, is able to rebind to depleted membrane residues of the bacterium and to those of escherichia coli. | 1978 | 145434 |
| evidence for the subcellular localization and specificity of chlordane inhibition in the marine bacterium aeromonas proteolytica. | sublethal levels (10 to 100 micrograms/ml) of the chlorinated insecticide chlordane (1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindan) were introduced into the growth medium of the marine bacterium, aeromonas proteolytica. chlordane inhibited the synthesis of an extracellular endopeptidase by almost 40% but exhibited no such inhibition of the extracellular aminopeptidase also produced during the growth cycle. studied with 14c-labeled chlordane demonstrated that the insecticide wa ... | 1979 | 156517 |
| phase transitions in the membrane of a marine bacterium, pseudomonas bal-31. | an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph, strain ufa, isolated from the marine pseudomonad pseudomonas bal-31, host cell of the lipid-containing bacteriophage pm2, was grown in media supplemented with different unsaturated fatty acids. under these conditions the fatty acid composition of the cell could be altered drastically. the phase transition in the native membrane and in the extracted lipids was analyzed by electron spin resonance using a nitroxide spin probe. membranes prepared from strain ufa ... | 1976 | 176027 |
| [hydrocarbon metabolism in a marine bacterium]. | the marine bacterium l.16.1 (alcaligenes sp.) grows preferentially on alkanes (c10 to c18) with a very high growth yield (98 per cent); optimal growth depends strictly on the presence of a well-defined nacl concentration (100 mm). our strain is constitutive for the enzymatic systems responsible for the oxidation of alkanes to fatty acids, i.e. nadh-dependent hydroxylase, alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases, the latter of which located at the cytoplasmic membrane level. the aerobic oxidation of p ... | 1976 | 184846 |
| mutants of luminous bacteria with an altered control of luciferase synthesis. | arginine is known to increase the luminescence in vivo and in vitro of the marine bacterium beneckea harveyi growing in minimal medium. mutants in which this arginine effect is either diminished, or absent were isolated as bright clones on a minimal medium after n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. on a minimal medium both with and without added arginine and also on complex medium, these "minimal bright" mutants produce higher levels of luminescence than the wild type both in vivo a ... | 1977 | 195929 |
| purification and characterization of a marine bacterial collagenase. | a true collagenase was isolated from the culture fluid of a marine bacterium which has been designated vibrio b-30 (atcc 21250). collagenase production was obtained only in media containing collagen or certain degradation products of collagen. partial purification on deae-cellulose and sephadex g-200 columns produced active enzyme which was free of nonspecific proteases but which contained two collagenases. the two collagenases have the same apparent molecular size, and evidence is presented to ... | 1978 | 210785 |
| sensitive, rapid, and specific bioassay for the determination of antilipogenic compounds. | a sensitive and rapid bioassay for the determination of the antilipogenic compounds cerulenin and cm-55 is described. the bioassay is based on the inhibitory effect of cerulenin and cm-55 on the in vivo luminescence of an aldehyde-requiring mutant of the marine bacterium beneckea harveyi. a total quantity as low as 0.1 mug of cerulenin can be determined within 15 min with an error of +/-2%. the bioassay, as presented, is specific for compounds that are known to inhibit fatty acid biosynthesis an ... | 1977 | 303076 |
| proteolytic inactivation of the luciferase from the luminous marine bacterium beneckea harveyi. | the enzymatic activity of bacterial luciferase from beneckea harveyi (a heterodimer, mr = approximately 79,000) is rapidly lost upon treatment with trypsin or chymotrypsin. under nondenaturing conditions, the proteolytically inactivated molecule has the same apparent molecular weight as the native enzyme, and appears to be relatively stable to further proteolytic degradation. gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate of the products of this digestion shows that only the alpha subunit is degr ... | 1978 | 307551 |
| poising of the arginine pool and control of bioluminescence in beneckea harveyi. | arginine dramatically stimulates bioluminescence in the marine bacterium beneckea harveyi growing in minimal media, an effect that is due to increases in both the synthesis and expression of luciferase. to elucidate the mechanism of this phenomenon, studies were made of the transport and metabolism of arginine in b. harveyi. the transport of arginine and lysine involves two kinetically distinct transport systems for the uptake of arginine and lysine. in contrast, ornithine is transported only by ... | 1979 | 315406 |
| description of a bacteriocinogenic plasmid in beneckea harveyi. | a total of 795 strains of marine vibrio species and beneckea harveyi, a luminescent marine bacterium, were isolated from various sources in the area of galveston island, tex., and screened for the production of bacteriocin-like substances. more than 8% of the vibrio isolates produced low-molecular-weight (dialyzable) substances, which were lethal to a test strain of v. parahaemolyticus. approximately 5% of the b. harveyi isolates produced higher-molecular-weight (nondialyzable) substances which ... | 1979 | 317423 |
| cloning of beneckea genes in escherichia coli. | genes from beneckea harveyi, a luminescent marine bacterium, were cloned in escherichia coli. this was done by producing randomly sheared fragments of beneckea dna and inserting them into the ecori site of plasmid pmb9 by the adenine-thymine joining procedure. the hybrid plasmids were used to transform e. coli c600 sf8. among the transformants selected for tetracycline resistance, one clone that appeared to complement a leucine tb mutation was identified. the transformants were screened for the ... | 1978 | 338587 |
| chemotactic responses of vibrio alginolyticus to algal extracellular products. | a capillary assay was used to evaluate the chemotactic responses of vibrio alginolyticus to three common algal extracellular products. acrylate and glycolate attracted the motile marine bacterium. the peak response occurred with 10(-2) m of each chemical. acrylic and glycolic acid also attracted v. alginolyticus, with the peak response occurring at 5 x 10(-4) m of each chemical. higher concentrations of the organic acids resulted in a decreased response. the bacteria also displayed positive chem ... | 1979 | 396019 |
| [concentration and method of cadmium fixation by a marine vibrio]. | in many organisms, intracellular fixation of cadmium involves specific proteins, the metallothioneins. a similar phenomenon was demonstrated in a marine bacterium belonging to the genus vibrio. the accumulation of the metal is a function of its concentration in the medium. the uptake is also increased by cysteine, which decreases the toxicity of the metal. | 1977 | 411587 |
| effect of temperature on alanine uptake by membrane vesicles isolated from a psychrophilic marine bacterium. | the effect of temperature on the membranes of ant-300, a psychrophilic marine bacterium, was studied by measuring alanine uptake by isolated membrane vesicles. uptake was observed from 0 to 35 degrees c. the maximum initial rate of uptake occurred at 25 degrees c although more alanine was ultimately taken up at temperatures from 10 to 20 degrees c. an arrhenius plot of these data shows a single infection point at 7.8 degrees c. within 10 min, over 50% of the alpha-aminoisobutyric acid taken up b ... | 1979 | 442702 |
| nadh: quinone oxidoreductase as a site of na+-dependent activation in the respiratory chain of marine vibrio alginolyticus. | the site of na+-dependent activation in the respiratory chain of the marine bacterium, vibrio alginolyticus, was investigated. the respiratory chain system contained ubiquinones (q), menaquinones (mk), cytochromes b(560), c(553), d(630), and o(560). the membrane-bound and partially purified nadh dehydrogenase was stimulated 2- to 3-fold by the addition of 0.2 m na+ or k+ and no specific requirement for na+ was observed in this reaction step. the cytochrome oxidase showed no requirement for monov ... | 1979 | 457642 |
| effect of environmental conditions on the production of two extracellular proteolytic enzymes by vibrio sa1. | the production of two extracellular proteases, an endopeptidase and an aminopeptidase, by the marine bacterium vibrio sa1 was studied in batch cultures. the production of the proteases was induced during growth of the organism in peptone media and by several amino acids during growth in minimal media. it was repressed by easily metabolisable carbon compounds such as glucose, lactate and succinate during growth in peptone media. during growth in a lactate basal medium, phenylalanine was one of th ... | 1978 | 582092 |
| osmotic effects of membrane permeability in a marine bacterium. | when cells of alteromonas haloplanktis 214 (atcc 19855) were preloaded with alpha-[(14)c]aminoisobutyric acid or the k(+) in the cells was labeled with (42)k by incubation in a buffered salt solution containing 0.05 m mgso(4), 0.01 m kcl, and 0.3 m nacl, the cells retained their radioactivity when resuspended in the same salt solution. when nacl was omitted from the solution, 80 to 90% of the radioactivity was lost from the cells. cells suspended at intermediate concentrations of nacl also lost ... | 1978 | 641005 |
| heterogeneity and distribution of lipopolysaccharide in the cell wall of a gram-negative marine bacterium. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) extracted from alteromonas haloplanktis 214, variants 1 and 3, separated into three fractions when subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the fractions appeared in the gels as bands which stained for carbohydrate with the periodate-schiff reagent. variant 1, a smooth variant of the organism, and variant 3, a rough colonial variant, produced identical banding patterns. under similar conditions, lps from neisseria meningitidis sdic, escheri ... | 1978 | 711665 |
| properties and kinetics of salt activation of a membrane-bound nadh dehydrogenase from a marine bacterium photobacterium phosphoreum. | a membrane-bound nadh dehydrogenase, solubilized and partially purified from a marine bacterium photobacterium phosphoreum, contains fad as the prosthetic group, and is specific for nadh. ferricyanide, various other redox dyes and cytochrome c can act as electron acceptors. the enzymatic activity when assayed with electron acceptors other than cytochrome c, is activated by monovalent cations (na+ and k+) and deactivated by high concentrations of monovalent anions (scn-, no3-, and cl-) but not by ... | 1978 | 721793 |
| isolation of a unique marine bacterium capable of growth on a wide variety of polysaccharides from macroalgae. | a unique marine bacterium has been isolated which can be cultured on a variety of polysaccharides and cell wall preparations from red and brown algae. | 1978 | 736549 |
| translocation of lipopolysaccharide in the cell wall of a gram-negative marine bacterium. | | 1978 | 743283 |
| toxic effect of water-soluble fractions of crude, refined, and weathered oils on the growth of a marine bacterium. | the water-soluble fractions of three crude and two refined oils reduced the growth rate and maximum cell density of the marine bacterium serratia marinorubra grown in batch culture. the weathering of a crude and a refined oil was simulated in the laboratory. the water-soluble fractions remaining from this process were more toxic to s. marinorubra than were the parent unweathered oils. increases in the magnitude of toxic effect of 3 to 30 times were observed as a function of decreasing the concen ... | 1977 | 879769 |
| physiology and ecology of bacteriophages of the marine bacterium beneckea natriegens: salinity. | the effects of variation in ionic levels on the stability and replication of two bacteriophages (nt-1 and nt-6) host specific for the marine bacterium beneckea natriegens were examined. monovalent cations influenced the adsorption of the nt-1 but not the nt-6 phage; however, one-step growth studies showed that nacl was required for replication of both phage. the nacl optimum for nt-1 production was 0.25 m nacl, the same as the growth optimum for b. natriegens. however, the optimum for nt-6 produ ... | 1976 | 938035 |
| the relationship between chemical structure of attractants and chemotaxis by a marine bacterium. | the chemotactic responses of a marine pseudomonad to steroisomers and analogues of amino acids and sugars were tested. the data reveal that the bacterium is equally attracted to d, l, and dl forms of the amino acids. in contrastr, chemical analogues of the amino acids and glucose yielded significantly lower chemotactic responses. the threshold of bacterial detection was 10(-8) m for leucine and cysteine. however, the threshold molarity of most of the analogues was higher than those of the relate ... | 1976 | 963633 |
| extracellular nuclease produced by a marine bacterium. i. extracellular deoxyribonuclease formation by a marine vibrio sp. | deoxyribonuclease (dnase) activity was found in the culture fluids of numerous marine bacteria isolated from seawater. among these ogranisms, marine bacterium, vibrio sp., strain no. 2, showed the highest deoxyribonucleic acid-hydrolyzing activity. this organism requires salts of seawater for both growth and extracellular dnase formation. the dnase activity could not be detected in the synthetic seawater culture liquid lacking magnesium ion, and dnase activity decreased in a calcium-deficient me ... | 1976 | 974900 |
| purification and properties of an alginate lyase from a marine bacterium. | an unidentified pseudomonad isolated by enrichment procedures from decomposing seaweed was grown in defined medium containing sodium alginate as the sole carbon source. the alginate lyase recovered from disrupted bacterial cells was purified by a procedure of (nh4)2so4 precipitation, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. from sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis experiments a mol.wt. of about 50 000 was determined. the enzyme was active against both algal and bact ... | 1976 | 1008828 |
| [isolation and study of a new marine bacterium growing on hydrocarbons. i. physiological study (author's transl)]. | the bacterial strain l.16.1 isolated from coastal waters polluted by oil-waste, close to the genus alcaligenes, utilizes preferentially alkanes with a carbon number greater than 9. sugars and amino-acids cannot serve as carbon source to this bacterium. cells grown on hydrocarbon the chain length of which ranges from c10 to c18 exhibit very high yield (98%) with a growth rate of 0.47. from our studies it appears that strain l.16.1 is strictly dependent on the presence of the na+ ion and that this ... | 1976 | 1020874 |
| [isolation and study of a new marine bacterium growing on hydrocarbons. ii. mechanism of lysis and viability (author's transl)]. | the growth of the marine bacterium (l.16.1) is strictly dependent on the presence of well-defined nacl concentrations (100 mm on alkanes and 75 mm on acetate, pyruvate or propionate) in the medium. l.16.1 cells undergo lysis on transfer from high to low ionic environment. this lytic phenomenon, which can be prevented by the presence of na+ or divalent cations, appears to be due to the loss of mg++ and ca++ by the cells. evidence for this hypothesis is provided by the assays of intracellular and ... | 1976 | 1020875 |
| [isolation and study of a new marine bacterium growing on hydrocarbons. iii. oxidation of substrates and effects of detergents on the cells (author's transl)]. | the oxidation of exogenous hexadecane by cells of strain l.16.1 is a function of intracellular and extracellular na+ and k+ concentrations. the cells which lost their na+ as a result of washing in the absence of sodium chloride oxidize hexadecane at a very low rate. washings in the absence of mg++ and ca++ do not result in a similar decrease of the respiratory activity. the latter cannot be maintained--or restored after decrease--by the divalent cations which are active in preventing cytolysis ( ... | 1976 | 1020876 |
| capacity of the outer membrane of a gram-negative marine bacterium in the presence of cations to prevent lysis by triton x-100. | cells of marine pseudomonad b-16 (atcc 19855) washed with a solution containing 0.3 m nacl, 50 mm mgcl2, and 10 mm kcl (complete salts) could be protected from lysis in a hypotonic environment if the suspending medium contained either 20 mm mg2+, 40 mm na+, or 300 mm k+. when the outer double-track layer (the outer membrane) of the cell envelope was removed to yield mureinoplasts, the mg2+, na+ or k+, requirements to prevent lysis were raised to 80, 210, and 400 mm, respectively. in the presence ... | 1975 | 1116995 |
| identification of bisphosphatidic acid and its plasmalogen analogues in the phospholipids of a marine bacterium. | a relatively nonpolar unidentified phospholipid (phospholipid x) , isolated from the gram-negative marine bacterium mb 45, was characterized both chromatographically and by chemical analysis. phospholipid x was shown to be an acidic phospholipid without vicinal hydroxyl, free-amino, or amide groups. the presence of o-alkenyl groups was indicated by a positive reaction for plasmalogen. mild alkaline methanolysis of phospholipid x yielded only glycerophosphoryglycerol as the derivative. acetolysis ... | 1975 | 1141198 |
| some physiological effects of near-maximum growth temperatures on an obligately psychrophilic marine bacterium. | the heat inactivation of the obligately psychrophilic marine bacterium ant-300 was investigated in terms of glucose uptake, the oxidation of glucose to co2, and permeability control. at 13c, the maximum temperature for growth, and at slightly higher temperatures, co2 evolution decreased with time during the oxidation of exogenously supplied glucose. the decrease in co2 evolution appeared to be a result of heat-induced restrictions on glucose uptake. leakage of intracellular metabolites apparentl ... | 1975 | 1148935 |
| fine structure of the cell envelope layers of flexibacter polymorphus. | electron microscopy of the filamentous gliding marine bacterium flexibacter polymorphus demonstrated that the cell envelope consists of an electron-dense intermediate layer located between two unit-type membranes: an outer membrane, presumably of lipopolysaccharide, and an inner cytoplasmic membrane. separation of living filaments into single cells by lysozyme suggests that a peptidoglycan moiety, possibly corresponding to the intermediate layer, might be situated between the two membranes. cell ... | 1975 | 1201515 |
| tubular structures of vibrio psychroerythrus. | the marine bacterium vibrio psychoerythrus, an obligate psychrophile, contains uniformly dense rod-shaped organelles 10-15 nm wide and up to 1.3 mum long. these structures were frequently seen crossing the septum of dividing cells. | 1976 | 1252090 |
| modification of bacterial respiration by a macromolecular polyanionic antibiotic produced by a marine alteromonas. | a macromolecular polyanionic antibiotic produced by a marine bacterium belonging to the genus alteromonas causes a large modification in bacterial respiration when added to the culture of several bacterial species in their early stage of growth. this antibiotic induces an increase of oxygen uptake and the production of hydrogen peroxide. the latter fact explains the high sensitivity of bacteria with low catalase activity and the antagonistic effect of pure catalase on antibiosis. the antibiotic ... | 1976 | 1259396 |
| roles of k+ and na+ in ph homeostasis and growth of the marine bacterium vibrio alginolyticus. | the marine bacterium vibrio alginolyticus, containing 470 mm-k+ and 70 mm-na+ inside its cells, was able to regulate the cytoplasmic ph (ph(in)) in the narrow range 7.6-7.8 over the external ph (ph(out)) range 6.0-9.0 in the presence of 400 mm-na+ and 10 mm-k+. in the absence of external k+, however, phin was regulated only at alkaline ph(out) values above 7.6. when the cells were incubated in the presence of unusually high k+ (400 mm) and 4 mm na+, the ph(in) was regulated only at acidic ph(out ... | 1992 | 1326594 |
| n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone regulates carbapenem antibiotic production in erwinia carotovora. | erwinia carotovora a.t.c.c. 39048 produces the antibiotic 1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid. a number of mutants with a carbapenem-non-producing phenotype were selected as part of an investigation into the molecular and genetic basis of carbapenem biosynthesis. cross-feeding studies revealed that the mutants fell into two discrete groups. group 1 mutants were found to secrete a diffusible low-molecular-mass compound which restored carbapenem production in group 2 mutants. this compound was isola ... | 1992 | 1335238 |
| bioluminescence-based detection of genetically engineered microorganisms in nonsterile river water. | the luminescence genes of the marine bacterium vibrio fischeri were cloned into a lac expression vector and introduced into escherichia coli and pseudomonas putida. survival of the cells in river water samples was monitored by light measurements. whereas e. coli survived in sterilized river water for more than 29 days, it died off in nonsterile river water after 9 to 13 days. the engineered p. putida cells survived in nonsterile river water for more than 137 days. the detection limit for e. coli ... | 1992 | 1341987 |
| intergeneric natural plasmid transformation between e. coli and a marine vibrio species. | natural transformation is the mechanism of procaryotic gene transfer that involves the uptake and expression of genetic information encoded in extracellular dna. this process has been regarded as a mechanism to transfer genes (primarily chromosomal markers) between closely related strains or species. here we demonstrate the cell-contact-dependent transfer of a non-conjugative plasmid from a laboratory e. coli strain to a marine vibrio species, the first report of intergeneric natural plasmid tra ... | 1992 | 1344983 |
| metabolism of l-amino acids in a marine bacterium isolated from mackerel intestines in relation to eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis. | metabolism of glucose and l-amino acids in an obligately aerobic marine bacterium isolated from pacific mackerel intestines was investigated for the mechanism and pathway of eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) biosynthesis. this bacterium could not uptake glucose but the cell-free extract of this bacterium had the enzymatic activities of l-alanine oxidase (ec 1.4.3.2), l-alanine dehydrogenase (ec 1.4.1.1). l-serine dehydratase (ec 4.2.1.13), and malate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.40), and of seven enzymes i ... | 1992 | 1369063 |
| purification, properties and determinations of recognition sequence and cleavage site of restriction endonuclease from "agrobacterium gelatinovorum" iam 12617, a marine bacterium (agei). | a new restriction endonuclease, designated as agei, was purified from cell-free extracts of a marine bacterium, "agrobacterium gelatinovorum" iam 12617 by streptomycin treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, combined column chromatographies on heparin-sepharose cl-6b and deae-sepharose cl-6b and fplc on mono q (hr 5/5) and superose 12 (hr 10/30). the purified enzyme was homogeneous on sds-polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis and free from other phosphatase and exonuclease activities on lig ... | 1990 | 1369292 |
| purification and properties of restriction endonuclease from deleya marina iam 14114, a marine bacterium (dmai). | a restriction endonuclease, designated as dmai, was purified from cell-free extracts of deleya marina iam 14114 by streptomycin treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation and two steps of chromatographies on heparin-sepharose cl-6b and mono q (hr 5/5, fplc). the purified enzyme was homogeneous on sds-polyacrylamide gel disk electrophoresis and a ligation-recutting test. the relative molecular mass measurements of the purified enzyme gave 28,000 daltons by sds-polyacrylamide gel disk electrophores ... | 1990 | 1369311 |
| a restriction endonuclease (dpai) from deleya pacifica iam 14115, a marine bacterium, an isoschizomer of scai. | | 1991 | 1369358 |
| positive autoregulation of the vibrio fischeri luxr gene. luxr and autoinducer activate camp-catabolite gene activator protein complex-independent and -dependent luxr transcription. | the luxr protein is a transcriptional activator involved in regulation of the genes required for bioluminescence (lux) in the marine bacterium vibrio fischeri. transcription of the two divergently oriented lux operons (luxr and luxicdabeg) is activated by luxr in the presence of a diffusible inducer (autoinducer). transcription of the luxr gene is subject to both positive and negative autoregulation as well as activation by the camp-catabolite gene activator protein complex (camp-cap). transcrip ... | 1992 | 1373136 |
| marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new, extremely halotolerant, hydrocarbon-degrading marine bacterium. | on the basis of phenotypical characteristics and analysis of 16s rrna sequence, a new species belonging to a new genus is described, and the name marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus is proposed. this organism, isolated from mediterranean seawater near a petroleum refinery, is a gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. it grows at nacl concentrations of 0.08 to 3.5 m and uses various hydrocarbons as the sole source of carbon and energy. its dna has a guanine-plus-cytosine content of 52.7 mol% ... | 1992 | 1382536 |
| the luxr gene product of vibrio harveyi is a transcriptional activator of the lux promoter. | expression of the lux operon from the marine bacterium vibrio harveyi is dependent on cell density and requires an unlinked regulatory gene, luxr, and other cofactors for autoregulation. escherichia coli transformed with the lux operon emits very low levels of light, and this deficiency can be partially alleviated by coexpression of luxr in trans. the v. harveyi lux promoter was analyzed in vivo by primer extension mapping to examine the function of luxr. rna isolated from e. coli transformed wi ... | 1992 | 1385389 |
| a comparison of substrates for quantifying the signal from a nonradiolabeled dna probe. | a method for measuring the amount of a nonradiolabeled dna probe using four detection substrates is described. in preliminary experiments, digoxygenin-labeled dna was bound to neutral, nylon membranes and detected with anti-digoxygenin antibodies conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. four substrates [4-nitrophenyl phosphate, 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate, attophos, and adamantyl 1, 2-dioxetane phosphate (amppd)] were assessed for use in a quantitative hybridization assay. only attophos and amppd ... | 1992 | 1443585 |
| identification and sequence of a na(+)-linked gene from the marine bacterium alteromonas haloplanktis which functionally complements the daga gene of escherichia coli. | a 4.0 kb fragment from a plasmid genomic dna library of the marine bacterium alteromonas haloplanktis atcc 19855 was found in the presence of na+ to complement the daga gene of escherichia coli. we have completely sequenced this fragment and the position of the na(+)-linked d-alanine glycine permease gene (daga) on the fragment has been determined by complementation. the predicted carrier protein consists of 542 amino acid residues (m(r) 58,955). its hydropathy profile suggests it is composed of ... | 1992 | 1447975 |
| purification, properties, and partial amino acid sequence of chitinase from a marine alteromonas sp. strain o-7. | chitinase (ec 3.2.1.14) was isolated from the culture supernatant of a marine bacterium, alteromonas sp. strain o-7. the enzyme (chi-a) was purified by anion-exchange chromatography (deae-toyopearl 650 m) and gel filtration (sephadex g-100). the purified enzyme showed a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the molecular size and pi of chi-a were 70 kda and 3.9, respectively. the optimum ph and temperature of chi-a were 8.0 and 50 degrees c, respectively. chi- ... | 1992 | 1464065 |
| reduction of carbon monoxide to formaldehyde by the terminal oxidase of the marine bacterium pseudomonas nautica strain 617. | when exposed to co, the aerobic respiratory system of the marine bacterium pseudomonas nautica strain 617, previously reduced with dithionite, undergoes reoxidation. when dealing with the purified oxidase (dithionite reduced) exposure of the enzyme to co induces its reoxidation (collapse of its alpha band). under our experimental conditions, this form of the oxidase could not be reduced again by dithionite. addition of formaldehyde to the native oxidized enzyme resulted in full inhibition of the ... | 1992 | 1537399 |
| both the anaerobic pathway and aerobic desaturation are involved in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in vibrio sp. strain abe-1. | vibrio sp. strain abe-1 is a unique marine bacterium in terms of its ability to synthesize delta 9-trans-hexadecenoic acid and delta 7-cis-tetradecenoic acid (14:1(7c); okuyama, h., sasaki, s., higashi, s. and murata, n. (1990) j. bacteriol. 172, 3515-3518). the present study, involving labeling with [1-14c]acetate, demonstrated that 14:1 is synthesized by the anaerobic pathway. when cells of this bacterium were grown in the presence of [1-14c]myristic acid (14:0), this compound was converted to ... | 1992 | 1551444 |
| identification of a distantly located regulatory element in the luxd gene required for negative autoregulation of the vibrio fischeri luxr gene. | expression of bioluminescence in the marine bacterium vibrio fischeri is controlled by a unique cell density-dependent regulatory mechanism called auto-induction. the genes required for bioluminescence (the lux genes) are organized in two divergently transcribed operons (luxr-luxicdabeg). one operon (luxicdabeg) contains the genes required for light production (luxcdabe) and the synthesis of a diffusible signal molecule called autoinducer (luxi). the other operon contains the luxr gene which enc ... | 1992 | 1560004 |
| purification and characterization of aspmd1, an isoschizomer of sau3ai, from a marine bacterium, alcaligenes sp md1. | | 1992 | 1579507 |
| purification and characterization of the oxidase from the marine bacterium pseudomonas nautica 617. | the aerobic respiratory system of the hydrocarbonoclastic marine bacterium pseudomonas nautica 617 ends with a single terminal oxidase. it is a heme-containing membranous protein which has been demonstrated only to reduce molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide [denis, m., arnaud s. & malatesta, f. (1989) febs lett. 247, 475-479]. the purification of this oxidase was achieved in a single step through by deae-trisacryl chromatography. sds/page showed the presence of four subunits. the pi was found ... | 1991 | 1645655 |
| f0f1-atpase from vibrio alginolyticus. subunit composition and proton pumping activity. | an f0f1-atpase was isolated from the membranes of the marine bacterium vibrio alginolyticus. homology between the subunits of the f0-complexes from e. coli and v. alginolyticus was found using antibodies against subunits a, b and c of the e. coli f0f1-atpase. the f0f1-complex from v. alginolyticus was reconstituted into proteoliposomes, which were competent in atp-dependent proton uptake. this process was inhibited by triphenyltin, dccd, and venturicidin. na+ did not affect proton translocation. | 1991 | 1647986 |
| studies on the lipopolysaccharide of a virulent and an avirulent strain of vibrio vulnificus. | vibrio vulnificus is a marine bacterium associated with both primary septicemias and wound infections in humans. the lipopolysaccharides of a virulent and an avirulent strain of vibrio vulnificus were compared with respect to their chemical constituents and electrophoretic characteristics. 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid, a normal constituent of the lipopolysaccharide of typical enterobacteriaceae, was not found in the lipopolysaccharide of either strain. hexadecenoate (c16:1) was the predominant fat ... | 1990 | 1693085 |
| characterization of mela: a gene encoding melanin biosynthesis from the marine bacterium shewanella colwelliana. | a recombinant plasmid with the ability to impart melanin synthesis to an escherichia coli host was isolated from a shewanella colwelliana genomic library. the genetic determinant of the mel+ phenotype is carried on a 1.3-kb dna fragment and sequence analysis of this revealed a single intact open reading frame that was sufficient for melanin synthesis (mel). this gene is expressed as a monocistronic transcript and a putative transcription start point is located 115 nucleotides upstream from the t ... | 1991 | 1756973 |
| chitin utilization by marine bacteria. chemotaxis to chitin oligosaccharides by vibrio furnissii. | the adhesion/deadhesion apparatus of the marine bacterium vibrio furnissii (yu, c., lee, a., bassler, b. l., and roseman, s. (1991) j. biol. chem. 266, 24260-24267) probably catalyzes the first step in colonizing chitin. evidence is presented here for a second step, chemotaxis to chitin hydrolysis products. v. furnissii swarms toward chitin oligomers (glcnac)n, n = 1-6, at initial concentrations as low as 10 microm. a modified capillary assay was used for quantitation; the cells exhibit low leve ... | 1991 | 1761532 |
| chitin utilization by marine bacteria. degradation and catabolism of chitin oligosaccharides by vibrio furnissii. | chemotaxis of the marine bacterium vibrio furnissii to chitin oligosaccharides has been described (bassler, b. l., gibbons, p. j., yu, c., and roseman, s. (1991) j. biol. chem. 266, 24268-24275). some steps in catabolism of the oligosaccharides are reported here. glcnac, (glcnac)2, and (glcnac)3 are very rapidly consumed by intact cells, about 320 nmol of glcnac equivalents/min/mg of protein. (glcnac)4 is utilized somewhat more slowly. during these processes, there is virtually no release of hyd ... | 1991 | 1761533 |
| l-guluronan-specific alginate lyase from a marine bacterium associated with sargassum. | the major extracellular alginate lyase activities secreted by a gram-negative, facultative bacterium associated with actively growing sargassum fluitans have been resolved an examined for substrate specificity. a fraction excluded from sephadex g-75 was equally active toward (1----4)-beta-d-mannuronan, (1----4)-alpha-l-guluronan, and alginate with the formation of di- and tri-saccharides as apparent limit products and oligo-saccharides indicative of an endolytic mechanism. a second fraction whic ... | 1991 | 1773434 |
| antibiotic production by the marine photosynthetic bacterium chromatium purpuratum nkpb 031704: localization of activity to the chromatophores. | over 200 strains of marine purple photosynthetic bacteria were isolated. two strains showed antibiotic activity towards saccharomyces cerevisiae and were tentatively identified as chromatium purpuratum. crude antibiotic, prepared by solvent extraction, showed a broad antimicrobial spectrum. the highest activity was found in the chromatophore fraction. chromatographic separation of purified light harvesting complex from one strain, nkpb 031704, showed the presence of two separate pigmented compou ... | 1991 | 1804763 |
| construction and evaluation of a self-luminescent biosensor. | the genes encoding bioluminescence (lux genes), derived from the marine bacterium v. fischeri, have been fused next to the genes encoding mercury detoxification (mer genes), derived from a clinical isolate of s. marcescens. the fusion has been made so that the expression of the light genes comes under the control of the mer regulatory gene and promoter. these genetic elements activate the expression of the light genes in the presence of mercury. the light can readily be collected and quantitated ... | 1991 | 1809205 |
| regression and cluster analysis of the acute toxicity of 267 chemicals to six species of biota and the octanol/water partition coefficient. | the acute toxicities of 267 compounds to six aquatic and one terrestrial species were investigated with correlation, principal component and cluster analysis techniques for relationships with each other and with the compounds' octanol/water partition coefficient. selection of the investigated chemicals was based on the availability of at least three of the following measured parameters: acute (24-h to 96-h) lethal concentrations (lc50) to the fish fathead minnow (pimephales promelas), the fish g ... | 1991 | 1815369 |
| cloning of alginate lyase gene (alxm) and expression in escherichia coli. | the alxm gene encoding a d-mannuronan-specific alginate lyase has been cloned from a marine bacterium isolated as an epiphyte on the brown alga, sargassum fluitans. expression of this gene in escherichia coli provides a source of this enzyme for probing alginate structure and modifying the mannuronan-rich alginate polymers produced by bacterial pathogens. | 1991 | 1872617 |
| marine biosurfactants, ii. production and characterization of an anionic trehalose tetraester from the marine bacterium arthrobacter sp. ek 1. | within a screening for biosurfactants we could isolate various n-alkanes utilizing marine bacteria which were capable of synthesizing glycolipids. one strain was identified as arthrobacter sp. ek 1 which produced trehalose lipids. after purification by column and thick layer chromatography the main fraction, an anionic 2,3,4,2'-trehalose tetraester, was obtained. the chain lengths of fatty acids ranged from 8 up to 14, furthermore succinate could be detected. since the place of substitution of s ... | 1991 | 1878107 |
| marine biosurfactants, iii. toxicity testing with marine microorganisms and comparison with synthetic surfactants. | eight synthetic and nine biogenetic surfactants were tested on their toxicity. because of their possible application as oil dispersants against oil slicks on sea, the test organisms used were marine microorganisms (mixed and pure cultures of bacteria, microalgae, and protozoa). bacterial growth was hardly effected or stimulated, whilst that of algae and flagellates was reduced. all substances tested were biodegraded in sea water. the bioluminescence of photobacter phosphoreum (microtox test) was ... | 1991 | 1878108 |
| the vibrio fischeri luxr protein is capable of bidirectional stimulation of transcription and both positive and negative regulation of the luxr gene. | regulation of the genes required for bioluminescence in the marine bacterium vibrio fischeri (the lux regulon) is a complex process requiring coordination of several systems. the primary level of regulation is mediated by a positive regulatory protein, luxr, and a small diffusible molecule, n-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-homoserine lactone, termed autoinducer. transcription of the luxr gene, which encodes the regulatory protein, is positively regulated by the cyclic amp-cap system. the lux regulon of v. fis ... | 1991 | 1987152 |
| purification and characterization of a secreted protease from the pathogenic marine bacterium vibrio anguillarum. | vibrio anguillarum is a pathogenic marine bacterium which causes the disease vibriosis in salmonid fish, which is characterized by a fatal hemorrhagic septicemia accompanied by massive tissue destruction. in this paper, the purification of the major caseinolytic extracellular protease from v. anguillarum is presented. the purification steps include ammonium sulfate precipitation, deae-sepharose chromatography, sephacryl s-200 chromatography, and deae high-pressure liquid chromatography. the puri ... | 1991 | 2012804 |
| effects of respiratory activity on starvation survival of marine vibrios. | the marine bacterium vibrio fluvialis nctc11328 responded to nutrient depletion by a reduction in cell volume, and this was prevented by conditions that eliminated respiration as a source of energy. addition of the protonophore, cccp, removal of oxygen and introduction of mutations leading to defects of the respiratory chain prevented size reduction during periods of nutrient limitation. further, survival of the wild-type strain during starvation was reduced under anaerobic conditions and surviv ... | 1990 | 2154166 |
| thymidine uptake, thymidine incorporation, and thymidine kinase activity in marine bacterium isolates. | one assumption made in bacterial production estimates from [3h]thymidine incorporation is that all heterotrophic bacteria can incorporate exogenous thymidine into dna. heterotrophic marine bacterium isolates from tampa bay, fla., chesapeake bay, md., and a coral surface microlayer were examined for thymidine uptake (transport), thymidine incorporation, the presence of thymidine kinase genes, and thymidine kinase enzyme activity. of the 41 isolates tested, 37 were capable of thymidine incorporati ... | 1990 | 2160223 |
| expression of cloned restriction and modification genes, hjairm from hyphomonas jannaschiana in escherichia coli. | a type-ii rm system, hjai, was identified in the marine bacterium, hyphomonas jannaschiana. the enase recognizes gatatc, and dna fragments generated after cleavage with this enzyme contain blunt ends. a dna fragment encoding these enzymes was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli, although the level of expression of the cloned genes was low. dna methylated by m.hjai was not restricted by the mcr or mrr restriction systems of e. coli. although h. jannaschiana is a marine bacterium isolated nea ... | 1990 | 2197177 |
| starvation-specific formation of a peripheral exopolysaccharide by a marine pseudomonas sp., strain s9. | the marine bacterium pseudomonas sp. strain s9 produces exopolysaccharides (eps) during both growth and total energy source and nutrient starvation. transmission electron microscopy of immunogold-labeled cells demonstrated that the eps is closely associated with the cell surface during growth (integral eps), while both the integral form and a loosely associated extracellular (peripheral) form were observed during starvation. formation and release of the latter rendered the starvation medium visc ... | 1990 | 2202255 |
| nucleotide sequence, expression, and properties of luciferase coded by lux genes from a terrestrial bacterium. | the lux genes required for expression of luminescence have been cloned from a terrestrial bacterium, xenorhabdus luminescens, and the nucleotide sequences of the luxa and luxb genes coding for the alpha and beta subunits of luciferase determined. the lux gene organization was closely related to that of marine bacteria from the vibrio genus with the luxd gene being located immediately upstream and the luxe downstream of the luciferase genes, luxab. a high degree of homology (85% identity) was fou ... | 1990 | 2204626 |
| [the marine bacterium alteromonas piscicida--a producer of enzymes with thrombolytic action]. | the ability of marine bacteria a. piscicida to produce exoproteases that were able to lyse human blood clots has been studied. optimal conditions for biosynthesis of these enzymes have been found. the enzyme has been partially purified. in concentration of 1 mg/ml it has activity corresponding to that of 500 micrograms/l plasmine and 100 micrograms/ml trypsine. the enzyme activity was completely inhibited after incubation in human blood plasma. | 1990 | 2205639 |
| purification and characterization of a novel beta-agarase from vibrio sp. ap-2. | beta-agarase was purified from the culture fluid of a porphyran-decomposing marine bacterium (strain ap-2) by ammonium sulfate precipitation, successive column chromatography and dnase and rnase treatment. the final enzyme preparation appeared to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the enzyme had a molecular mass of 20 kda, a ph optimum of 5.5, and was stable in the ph region 4.0-9.0 and at temperatures below 45 degrees c. the beta-agarase was a novel endo-type enzyme which hyd ... | 1990 | 2298219 |
| a time-dependent bacterial bioluminescence emission spectrum in an in vitro single turnover system: energy transfer alone cannot account for the yellow emission of vibrio fischeri y-1. | yellow fluorescent protein (yfp), which has a bound fmn, was isolated from the marine bacterium vibrio fischeri strain y-1b. its presence in a luciferase [alkanal monooxygenase (fmn-linked); alkanal, reduced-fmn:oxygen oxidoreductase (1-hydroxylating, luminescing), ec 1.14.14.3] reaction mixture causes a striking color change, and an increase in bioluminescence intensity, as well as a faster rate of intensity decay, so that the quantum yield is not changed. the emission spectrum shows two distin ... | 1990 | 2304912 |
| crystallographic characterization of a cu,zn superoxide dismutase from photobacterium leiognathi. | crystals of a copper-zinc superoxide dismutase from photobacterium leiognathi, a luminescent marine bacterium that is the species-specific symbiont of the ponyfish, have been obtained from 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol solutions. the space group was determined using screenless small-angle precession photographs, and was confirmed by analyzing area detector diffraction data with the xengen programs for indexing and refinement. the crystals are monoclinic, space group c2 (a = 126.4 a, b = 87.0 a, c = 4 ... | 1990 | 2325128 |
| copper-induced production of copper-binding supernatant proteins by the marine bacterium vibrio alginolyticus. | growth of the marine bacterium vibrio alginolyticus is temporarily inhibited by micromolar levels of copper. during the copper-induced lag phase, supernatant compounds which complex and detoxify copper are produced. in this study two copper-inducible supernatant proteins having molecular masses of ca. 21 and 19 kilodaltons (cubp1 and cubp2) were identified; these proteins were, respectively, 25 and 46 times amplified in supernatants of copper-challenged cultures compared with controls. experimen ... | 1990 | 2339887 |
| ion selectivity of the vibrio alginolyticus flagellar motor. | the marine bacterium, vibrio alginolyticus, normally requires sodium for motility. we found that lithium will substitute for sodium. in neutral ph buffers, the membrane potential and swimming speed of glycolyzing bacteria reached maximal values as sodium or lithium concentration was increased. while the maximal potentials obtained in the two cations were comparable, the maximal swimming speed was substantially lower in lithium. over a wide range of sodium concentration, the bacteria maintained a ... | 1990 | 2394685 |
| nucleotide sequence of is492, a novel insertion sequence causing variation in extracellular polysaccharide production in the marine bacterium pseudomonas atlantica. | the complete nucleotide sequence of insertion element is492, which causes reversible inactivation of extracellular polysaccharide production in the marine bacterium pseudomonas atlantica, is presented. insertion of is492 results in the eps- phenotype, and excision results in restoration of eps+. dna sequencing of the site of insertion in the eps locus showed that insertion of is492 generates a 5-base-pair repeat and that its excision is precise. is492 is 1,202 nucleotides in length and contains ... | 1989 | 2537827 |
| establishment of gene transfer systems for and construction of the genetic map of a marine vibrio strain. | two gene transfer systems were established for a marine bacterium, vibrio sp. strain 60. one was generalized transduction with a newly isolated bacteriophage, as3, and the other was conjugal gene transfer by the use of newly constructed transposon-facilitated recombination (tfr) donors. as3 transduced various chromosomal markers at frequencies of 10(-4) to 10(-6). tfr donors, which were constructed by introducing transposon tn10 into both plasmid rp4 and the chromosome, mediated the polarized tr ... | 1989 | 2539353 |
| identification of a locus controlling expression of luminescence genes in vibrio harveyi. | mutagenesis with transposon mini-mulac was used to identify loci containing genes for bioluminescence (lux) in the marine bacterium vibrio harveyi. transposon insertions which resulted in a lux- phenotype were mapped to two unlinked regions of the genome. region i contained the luxcdabe operon which was previously shown to encode the enzymes luciferase and fatty acid reductase, which are required for light production. the other locus, region ii, which was identified for the first time in this st ... | 1989 | 2540149 |
| a plasmid vector and quantitative techniques for the study of transcription termination in escherichia coli using bacterial luciferase. | we have developed a plasmid expression vector for the study of transcription terminators in escherichia coli that utilizes the lux genes coding for the enzyme luciferase of the bioluminescent marine bacterium, vibrio harveyi. the pbr322-derived plasmid, called phv100, contains the e. coli lac promoter, the polylinker regions from the plasmid vector puc18, and the v. harveyi lux genes. insertion of transcription termination sites into the polylinker region results in decreased luciferase expressi ... | 1989 | 2653966 |
| n,n'-diacetylchitobiase of vibrio harveyi. primary structure, processing, and evolutionary relationships. | the nucleotide sequence of the gene, chb, encoding the outer membrane protein, n,n'-diacetylchitobiase (chitobiase), of the marine bacterium, vibrio harveyi, has been determined. the amino acid sequence of prechitobiase was derived from the nucleotide sequence. prechitobiase has a molecular mass of 97,771 da and consists of 883 amino acid residues. a characteristic signal peptide is present at the amino terminus whose removal is inhibited by the antibiotic, globomycin, suggesting that mature chi ... | 1989 | 2670926 |
| site-directed mutagenesis of bacterial luciferase: analysis of the 'essential' thiol. | it has been appreciated for many years that the luciferase from the luminous marine bacterium vibrio harveyi has a highly reactive cysteinyl residue which is protected from alkylation by binding of flavin. alkylation of the reactive thiol, which resides in a hydrophobic pocket, leads to inactivation of the enzyme. to determine conclusively whether the reactive thiol is required for the catalytic mechanism, we have constructed a mutant by oligonucleotide directed site-specific mutagenesis in whic ... | 1989 | 2678923 |
| sodium-transport nadh-quinone reductase of a marine vibrio alginolyticus. | the respiratory chain of a marine bacterium, vibrio alginolyticus, required na+ for maximum activity, and the site of na+ -dependent activation was localized on the nadh-quinone reductase segment. the na+ -dependent nadh-quinone reductase extruded na+ as a direct result of redox reaction. it was composed of three subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma, with apparent mr of 52, 46, and 32 kda, respectively. the reduction of ubiquinone-1 to ubiquinol proceeded via ubisemiquinone radicals. the former reac ... | 1989 | 2687259 |
| respiratory na+ pump and na+-dependent energetics in vibrio alginolyticus. | the marine bacterium vibrio alginolyticus was found to possess the respiratory na+ pump that generates an electrochemical potential of na+, which plays a central role in bioenergetics of v. alginolyticus, as a direct result of respiration. mutants defective in the na+ pump revealed that one of the two kinds of nadh: quinone oxidoreductase requires na+ for activity and functions as the na+ pump. the na+ pump composed of three subunits was purified and reconstituted into liposomes. generation of m ... | 1989 | 2687261 |
| [production of antibiotic substances by natural variants of the marine bacterium vibrio fischeri]. | it was shown that under definite conditions there was competition between natural variants of sea bacteria belonging to v. fischeri. natural variants of v. fischeri, strain 6 differed in their resistance to streptomycin and had different growth rates under conditions of limited aeration. morphologically all the variants were identical. v. fischeri p-0, v. fischeri p-1 and v. fischeri p-2 were studied. the study revealed that v. fischeri p-0 produced a non-dialysing thermostable trypsin-sensitive ... | 1989 | 2730220 |
| chemotaxis to chitin oligosaccharides by vibrio furnissii, a chitinivorous marine bacterium. | we have reported that vibrio furnissii, a chitinivorous marine bacterium, expresses a complex apparatus for adhesion/deadhesion to chitin analogues (1). in the present studies, we show that this organism exhibits a chemotactic response (swarming) to chitin oligosaccharides at concentrations as low as 10 microm. in contrast, v. furnissii exhibits slight to no chemotaxis to other utilizable compounds (glycerol, lactate, amino acids), with the exception of l-glutamic acid. v. furnissii may lack the ... | 1989 | 2742582 |
| genetic and physical characterization of proba genes of the marine bacterium vibrio parahaemolyticus. | intracellular proline pools have been implicated in the halotolerance of many organisms. to examine this relationship in a moderately halotolerant marine bacterium, vibrio parahaemolyticus, proline biosynthesis genes were cloned in various plasmids. some genetic and structural properties of those genes were examined. subcloning showed that about 3.1 kilobases of v. parahaemolyticus dna could complement proa and prob but not proc mutations of escherichia coli. the same fragment would also complem ... | 1987 | 2829719 |
| the na(+)-motive respiratory chain of marine bacteria. | the respiratory chain of the marine bacterium vibrio alginolyticus pumps out na+ at the nadh:quinone oxidoreductase segment. the respiratory na+ pump plays an important role in the bioenergetics of this bacterium by generating a sodium-motive force as a direct result of respiration in alkaline na(+)-rich environments. | 1985 | 2856376 |