| distinct electrophoretic isozyme profiles of fusarium graminearum and closely related species. | cellulose-acetate electrophoresis (cae) was used to investigate isozyme polymorphisms among different isolates of fusarium cerealis, f. culmorum, f. graminearum and f. pseudograminearum from around the world. after initial testing of 22 enzymes in three buffer systems for activity and resolution of bands, 12 proved to be appropriate for analysis of the full sample set. remarkably uniform isozyme patterns were obtained intraspecifically, irrespective of the geographical origin of the isolates or ... | 2001 | 11403401 |
| species-specific pcr-based assays for the detection of fusarium species and a comparison with the whole seed agar plate method and trichothecene analysis. | species-specific pcr was used for the identification of nine fusarium species in pure mycelial culture. a pcr-based method was compared with the whole seed agar plate method and trichothecene analysis for three toxin-producing fusarium species using 85 grain samples of wheat, barley, oat, corn and rye. a simple sds-based dna extraction system followed by potassium acetate precipitation resulted in consistent pcr amplification of dna fragments from cultures and grain samples. the species-specific ... | 2005 | 16099312 |
| characterization of fusarium spp. isolates by pcr-rflp analysis of the intergenic spacer region of the rrna gene (rdna). | in the present study, 44 fusarium spp. isolates (5 fusarium culmorum, 7 fusarium graminearum, 1 fusarium cerealis, 1 fusarium poae, 26 fusarium oxysporum, and 4 gibberella fujikuroi species complex) were characterized morphologically, physiologically and genetically. all except one (dutch collection: cbs 620.72) were isolated from different hosts grown in various spanish localizations. morphological characterization was made according to macroscopic and microscopic aspects. physiological charact ... | 2006 | 16246443 |
| the mycoestrogen zearalenone induces cyp3a through activation of the pregnane x receptor. | zearalenone is a mycoestrogen that is produced in the fungi fusarium graminearum, fusarium culmorum, fusarium equiseti, and fusarium crookwellense. these fungi commonly exist in agricultural products. human pregnane x receptor (hpxr) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates the expression of numerous hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes, including several clinically important cytochrome p450s. in this report, we show that zearalenone is an efficacious ligand for hpxr. we also descr ... | 2006 | 16547076 |
| cloning, characterization, and antifungal activity of an endo-1,3-beta-d: -glucanase from streptomyces sp. s27. | an endo-1,3-beta-d: -glucanase gene, designated as bgls27, was cloned from streptomyces sp. s27 and successfully expressed in escherichia coli bl21 (de3). the full-length gene contains 1,362 bp and encodes a protein of 453 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 42.7 kda. the encoded protein comprises a catalytic module of glycosyl hydrolase family 16, a short glycine linker region, and a family 13 carbohydrate-binding module. the purified recombinant enzyme (bgls27) showed optimal activ ... | 2010 | 19697016 |
| fusarium culmorum is a single phylogenetic species based on multilocus sequence analysis. | fusarium culmorum is a major pathogen of wheat and barley causing head blight and crown rot in cooler temperate climates of australia, europe, west asia and north africa. to better understand its evolutionary history we partially sequenced single copy nuclear genes encoding translation elongation factor 1-α (tef), reductase (red) and phosphate permease (pho) in 100 f. culmorum isolates with 11 isolates of fusarium crookwellense, fusarium graminearum and fusarium pseudograminearum. phylogenetic a ... | 2010 | 20943185 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of terpinen-4-ol, eugenol, carvone, 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) and thymol against mycotoxigenic plant pathogens. | the aim of this study was to examine the effect of five naturally occurring compounds from essential oils on 10 different species of mycotoxigenic fungi involved in several plant diseases. the antifungal activities of terpinen-4-ol, eugenol, carvone, 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) and thymol were observed in vitro on fusarium subglutinans, fusarium cerealis, fusarium verticillioides, fusarium proliferatum, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium sporotrichioides, aspergillus tubingensis, aspergillus carbonarius, ... | 2011 | 22257275 |
| development, validation and application of a multi-mycotoxin method for the analysis of whole wheat plants. | mycotoxins are known to affect the health of humans and husbandry animals. in contrast to wheat grains used for food and feed, whole wheat plants are rarely analysed for mycotoxins, although contaminated straw could additionally expose animals to these toxic compounds. since the entire wheat plant may also act as source of mycotoxins emitted into the environment, an analytical method was developed, optimised and validated for the analysis of 28 different mycotoxins in above-ground material from ... | 2012 | 23606052 |
| the potential of antagonistic fungi for control of fusarium graminearum and fusarium crookwellense varies depending on the experimental approach. | to investigate the potential of fungal antagonists to control fusarium head blight (fhb) causing pathogens (fusarium graminearum and f. crookwellense) with two different experimental approaches. | 2015 | 25692943 |
| real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for group specific detection of important trichothecene producing fusarium species in wheat. | trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivaneol (don), nivalenol (niv) and t2-toxin are produced by a variety of fusarium spp. on cereals in the field and may be ingested by consumption of commodities and products made thereof. the toxins inhibit eukaryotic protein biosynthesis and may thus impair human and animal health. aimed at rapid and sensitive detection of the most important trichothecene producing fusarium spp. in a single analysis, a real-time duplex loop-mediated isothermal amplificatio ... | 2014 | 24631635 |
| tri12 based quantitative real-time pcr assays reveal the distribution of trichothecene genotypes of f. graminearum and f. culmorum isolates in danish small grain cereals. | quantitative real-time pcr assays, based on polymorphisms in the tri12 gene of the trichothecene pathway, were developed to identify and quantify the trichothecene genotypes producing 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3adon), 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15adon) or nivalenol (niv) in the fusarium graminearum species complex, fusarium culmorum, fusarium cerealis and fusarium pseudograminearum. these assays were applied on a total of 378 field samples of cereal grain of wheat, barley, triticale, rye and oats ... | 2012 | 22781579 |
| zearalenone formation byfusarium crookwellense /burgess, nelson and toussoun/ isolates from poland and their pathogenicity towards cereals. | fusarium crookwellense /b.n. and t./ isolated from affected cereals in poland formed zearalenone on wheat grain up to 602 mg/kg. tested isolates have been found strong to severe pathogens of wheat, rye, triticale and barley seedlings and corn ears with pathogenicity similar to that off. culmorum andf. graminearum. | 0 | 23605016 |
| apoptosis and gene expression in the developing mouse brain of fusarenon-x-treated pregnant mice. | fusarenon-x (fx), a type b trichothecene mycotoxin, is mainly produced by fusarium crookwellense, which occurs naturally in agricultural commodities, such as wheat and barley. fx has been shown to exert a variety of toxic effects on multiple targets in vitro. however, the embryonic toxicity of fx in vivo remains unclear. in the present study, we investigated fx-induced apoptosis and the relationship between the genetic regulatory mechanisms and fx-induced apoptosis in the developing mouse brain ... | 2014 | 24983900 |
| toxicokinetics and tissue depletion of fusarenon-x and its metabolite nivalenol in piglets. | fusarenon-x (fx) is one of the trichothecene mycotoxins mainly produced by fusarium crookwellense, which naturally occurs in agricultural commodities such as wheat and barley. to investigate the toxicokinetics of fx and its metabolite nivalenol (niv), fx was then administered intravenously or orally to piglets at a dosage of 1mg/kg body weight. the concentrations of fx and niv in the plasma and various tissues were measured using lc-ms/ms. the plasma concentrations of fx in the piglets were dete ... | 2014 | 24508584 |
| [phosphate permease gene as a marker for the specific identification of toxigenic fungus fusarium cerealis]. | we have developed phosphate permease gene sequence-based pcr detection system of fusarium cerealis phytopathogenic fungus. sequencing and analysis revealed that the gene displayed unique polymorphism and could serve to establish phylogenetic relations as well as a marker to design specific primers. the specificity assay has confirmed the absence of cross reactions with dnas of closely related fusarium species. the qpcr assay demonstrated the 10 pg detection limit of specific dna per reaction. | 2013 | 23964517 |
| the cyp51c gene, a reliable marker to resolve interspecific phylogenetic relationships within the fusarium species complex and a novel target for species-specific pcr. | early diagnosis and control of different fusarium species is essential for successful management of plant disease and subsequent prevention of toxins entering the food chain. this issue can be addressed using phylogenetic analyses and other molecular techniques, including the design of species-specific primers and corresponding pcr assays. in practice, only a few genes are sequenced for most species and insights into the evolutionary mechanisms at the species level usually stem from phylogenetic ... | 2010 | 21071105 |
| fusarium crookwellense-produced zearalenone in maize stubble in the field. | waste grain and vegetative material (stems and leaves) collected from a maize field several months after harvest was analysed by bi-dimensional thin layer chromatography for the presence of aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, ochratoxin a, sterigmatocystin, t-2 toxin and zearalenone. deoxinivalenol (0.7 mg/kg) and t-2 toxin (4.1 mg/kg) were found in the grain and zearalenone (3.0 mg/ kg) was found in the stem and leaf. no other toxins were detected. the stubble was examined for the presence of potential ... | 1997 | 16032000 |
| identification of fusarium species by isozyme analysis. | cellulose-acetate electrophoresis (cae) was used to investigate isozyme polymorphisms among different isolates of fusarium cerealis, f. culmorum, f. graminearum and f. pseudograminearum. after initial testing of 18 enzymes in three buffer systems for activity and resolution of bands, 12 proved to be appropriate for analysis of the full sample set. comparing the different electrophoretic types (ets), adenylate kinase (ak), nadp dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (nadp gdh), peptidase b (pep b), pe ... | 2002 | 12109165 |
| fusarium poae and fusarium crookwellense, fungi responsible for the natural occurrence of nivalenol in hokkaido. | to determine the reasons for the natural occurrence of nivalenol in the northernmost area of japan, scabby wheat was harvested from 19 crop fields in hokkaido. mycological surveys and analysis for mycotoxin contamination were performed. among 13 wheat grain samples harvested in seven locations, 9, 2, and 6 samples were positive for deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and zearalenone, respectively, at levels ranging from 0.03 to 1.28 mug/g, 0.04 to 1.22 mug/g, and 2 to 25 ng/g, respectively. the predomina ... | 1993 | 16349068 |
| effect of incubation temperature on zearalenone production by strains of fusarium crookwellense. | after 6 weeks incubation on rice 2 strains of fusarium crookwellense produced more zearalenone (6060-5010 mg/kg dry wt of culture) at ambient temperature (16-29 degrees c) in daylight than at ambient temperature (18-23 degrees c) in darkness or at controlled temperatures of 11 degrees c, 20 degrees c or 25 degrees c in darkness. yields at 25 degrees c were low. incubation at 11 degrees c during the second 3 weeks incubation increased yields only when preliminary incubation had been at 25 degrees ... | 1991 | 1838139 |
| mycotoxin formation by different geographic isolates of fusarium crookwellense. | eighteen fusarium crookwellense isolates from the continents of australia, europe, and north america were compared for their ability to produce mycotoxins on corn at 25 degrees c after 2 weeks. extracts from corn fermented with each fusarium isolate were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (tlc) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (gs/ms) for mycotoxins. toxins detected were zearalenone (13 isolates), fusarin c (11 isolates), nivalenol (4 isolates), and diacetoxyscirpenol (2 isolates). ze ... | 1991 | 1826538 |
| formation of fusarenone x, nivalenol, zearalenone, alpha-trans-zearalenol, beta-trans-zearalenol, and fusarin c by fusarium crookwellense. | fusarium crookwellense kf748 (nrrl a-28100) (isolated from dry rotted potato tubers in central poland) produced six mycotoxins on both rice and corn substrates at 25 degrees c. the metabolites detected were zearalenone, alpha-trans-zearalenol, beta-trans-zearalenol, fusarin c, and the trichothecenes fusarenone x and nivalenol. this is the first report of formation of alpha-trans-zearalenol, beta-trans-zearalenol, fusarenone x, and nivalenol by f. crookwellense. | 1988 | 2972254 |