| pregnane-type steroids from the inedible mushroom thelephora terrestris. | chromatographic fractionation of the methanol extract of fruiting bodies of the inedible japanese mushroom thelephora terrestris (thelephoraceae) has led to the isolation and characterization of two unusual new pregnane-type steroids, 2beta,3alpha-dihydroxypregna-4,7,16-trien-12,20-dione (2) and 1alpha,2beta,3alpha-trihydroxypregna-4,7,16-trien-12,20-dione (3) named terresterones a and b (2, 3), as well as the previously known compound stizophyllin, now assigned as 2beta,3alpha,12beta-trihydroxy ... | 2005 | 15744104 |
| nitrogen nutrition and isotopic discrimination in tropical ectomycorrhizal fungi. | it is known that many ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi are able to utilise complex organic sources of nitrogen. two hypotheses were tested using isolates of tropical ecm fungi grown in vitro: (i) ecm fungi isolated from mineral soils of tropical rain forests are less able to utilise organic sources of nitrogen than mineral sources; and (ii) nitrogen isotope discrimination patterns follow those of the nitrogen source utilised. pisolithus albus and tomentella sp. represented tropical ecm fungi and they ... | 2004 | 15748983 |
| terrestrins a-g: p-terphenyl derivatives from the inedible mushroom thelephora terrestris. | seven p-terphenyl derivatives named terrestrins a-g together with three known ganbajunin b, thelephantins f and h, were isolated from the methanol extract of fruiting bodies of the japanese inedible mushroom thelephora terrestris (thelephoraceae). their structures were elucidated by means of high-resolution ms, 2d nmr, ir and uv spectroscopy, and x-ray crystallographic analysis. | 2005 | 15896375 |
| effects of aluminum and manganese on the growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi. | cenococcum graniforme, suillus luteus, thelephora terrestris, and three isolates of pisolithus tinctorius were cultured on modified melin-norkrans medium at ph 3.4 and adjusted to 0 to 500 ppm (0 to 500 mug/ml) of aluminum or manganese sulfate. except for t. terrestris, which was intolerant of aluminum at 150 and 250 to 500 ppm, and p. tinctorius isolate 250, which was intolerant of aluminum at 450 ppm, all fungi showed some growth at all concentrations of aluminum. s. luteus was the most tolera ... | 1984 | 16346623 |
| genetic diversity of naturally established ectomycorrhizal fungi on norway spruce seedlings under nursery conditions. | we have assessed ectomycorrhizal fungi colonizing norway spruce (picea abies l.) seedlings in nine forest nurseries using restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and sequencing analyses of the internal transcribed spacers (its1-5.8s-its2) amplicons. restriction analysis of the amplified dna fragments with hinfi, mboi, and taqi enzymes allowed the definition of 17 rflp genotypes; five of them could be unambiguously assigned to thelephora terrestris, hebeloma longicaudum, h. crustuliniform ... | 2006 | 16826321 |
| characterization of juvenile maritime pine (pinus pinaster ait.) ectomycorrhizal fungal community using morphotyping, direct sequencing and fruitbodies sampling. | using ectomycorrhizal root tip morphotyping (anatomical and morphological identification), molecular analysis (internal transcribed spacer region amplification and sequencing), and fruitbody sampling, we assessed diversity and composition of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community colonizing juvenile pinus pinaster ait. under natural conditions in nw spain. overall, we found 15 basidiomycetes and two ascomycetes. members of the family thelephoraceae represented up to 59.4% of the samples. the most ... | 2009 | 18972139 |
| impact of wildfire return interval on the ectomycorrhizal resistant propagules communities of a mediterranean open forest. | ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi, in particular their spores and other resistant propagules, play an important role in secondary succession processes that facilitate regeneration after disturbance events. in this study, the effects of high and low wildfire frequencies (respectively short and long fire return intervals) on the resistant propagules communities (rpcs) of a mediterranean open pine forest were compared. soil samples were collected in four mountain sites with different fire return interval ... | 2010 | 20943174 |
| ectomycorrhizal fungi as an alternative to the use of chemical fertilisers in nursery production of pinus pinaster. | addition of fertilisers is a common practice in nursery production of conifer seedlings. the aim of this study was to evaluate whether ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi can be an alternative to the use of chemical fertilisers in the nursery production of pinus pinaster. a greenhouse nursery experiment was conducted by inoculating seedlings obtained from seeds of p. pinaster plus trees with a range of compatible ecm fungi: (1) thelephora terrestris, (2) rhizopogon vulgaris, (3) a mixture of pisolithus ... | 2010 | 20702021 |
| fungi in roots of nursery grown pinus sylvestris: ectomycorrhizal colonisation, genetic diversity and spatial distribution. | the aims of this study were to investigate patterns of ectomycorrhizal (ecm) colonisation and community structure on nursery grown seedlings of pinus sylvestris, spatial distribution of ecms in the nursery plot and genetic diversity of commonly isolated ecm basidiomycete hebeloma cavipes. one hundred seedlings were sampled in 225 m(2) area using a systematic grid design. for each seedling, 20 individual root tips were randomly collected, morphotyped, and surface sterilised for fungal isolation i ... | 2011 | 20437259 |
| effects of stump and slash removal on growth and mycorrhization of picea abies seedlings outplanted on a forest clear-cut. | the objectives of this study were to investigate impact of stump and slash removal on growth and mycorrhization of picea abies seedlings outplanted on a forest clear-cut. four non-replicated site preparation treatments included: (1) mounding (m), (2) removal of stumps (k), (3) mounding and removal of logging slash (hm) and (4) removal of logging slash and stumps (hk). results showed that height increment of the seedlings was highest in k and lowest in m after the third growing season, and simila ... | 2010 | 20174952 |
| ectomycorrhizal community structure of different genotypes of scots pine under forest nursery conditions. | in this paper, we report the effect of scots pine genotypes on ectomycorrhizal (ecm) community and growth, survival, and foliar nutrient composition of 2-year-old seedlings grown in forest bare-root nursery conditions in lithuania. the scots pine seeds originated from five stands from latvia (p1), lithuania (p2 and p3), belarus (p4), and poland (p5). based on molecular identification, seven ecm fungal taxa were identified: suillus luteus and suillus variegatus (within the suilloid type), wilcoxi ... | 2010 | 20155377 |
| elemental composition of ectomycorrhizal mycelia identified by pcr-rflp analysis and grown in contact with apatite or wood ash in forest soil. | abstract the aim of this study was to identify ectomycorrhizal species with a potential to release elements from apatite and wood ash and accumulate them in the mycelia. fungal rhizomorphs and mycelia were sampled from sand-filled mesh bags with or without amendment of apatite or wood ash. the mesh bags were buried in forest soil in the field for 13 or 24 months. elemental composition of the samples was analyzed with particle-induced x-ray emission and the fungus was identified by polymerase cha ... | 2003 | 19719651 |
| ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with ponderosa pine and douglas-fir: a comparison of species richness in native western north american forests and patagonian plantations from argentina. | the putative ectomycorrhizal fungal species registered from sporocarps associated with ponderosa pine and douglas-fir forests in their natural range distribution (i.e., western canada, usa, and mexico) and from plantations in south argentina and other parts of the world are listed. one hundred and fifty seven taxa are reported for native ponderosa pine forests and 514 taxa for native douglas-fir forests based on available literature and databases. a small group of genera comprises a high proport ... | 2007 | 17345105 |
| mycorrhizal associations in woody plant species at the mt. usu volcano, japan. | we investigated the association between ectomycorrhizal (ecm) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi and pioneer woody plant species in areas devastated by the eruption of mt. usu, japan, in 2000. we observed eight woody plant species at the research site, most of which were associated with ecm and/or am fungi. in particular, dominant woody plant species populus maximowiczii, salix hultenii var. angustifolia and salix sachalinensis were consistently associated with ecm fungi and erratically assoc ... | 2007 | 17216274 |
| fungal communities in mycorrhizal roots of conifer seedlings in forest nurseries under different cultivation systems, assessed by morphotyping, direct sequencing and mycelial isolation. | fungi colonising root tips of pinus sylvestris and picea abies grown under four different seedling cultivation systems were assessed by morphotyping, direct sequencing and isolation methods. roots were morphotyped using two approaches: (1) 10% of the whole root system from 30 seedlings of each species and (2) 20 randomly selected tips per plant from 300 seedlings of each species. the first approach yielded 15 morphotypes, the second yielded 27, including 18 new morphotypes. the overall community ... | 2005 | 16177926 |
| trace elements in fruiting bodies of ectomycorrhizal fungi growing in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stands in poland. | the trace metal contents in fruiting bodies of ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi, symbiotic partners of scots pine, were studied on three sites situated in west-central poland. elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry in 123 samples of 16 species. the study explored the differences in metal accumulation in relation to site, fungal species, age and part of the fruiting body and results were related to metal content in soil and plant material (roots and needles). soil analysis revealed ... | 2005 | 15740762 |
| carbon and nitrogen allocation in ectomycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal pinus sylvestris l. seedlings. | we studied carbon and nitrogen allocation in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings grown in a semi-hydroponic system with nitrogen as the growth limiting factor. three ectomycorrhizal fungi were compared: one pioneer species (thelephora terrestris ehrh.: fr.) and two late-stage fungi (suillus bovinus (l.: fr.) o. kuntze, and scleroderma citrinum pers.). by giving all plants in each treatment the same amount of readily available nitrogen, we ensured that the e ... | 1996 | 14871686 |
| nutrient uptake by intact mycorrhizal pinus sylvestris seedlings: a diagnostic tool to detect copper toxicity. | we developed a nondestructive method for detecting early toxic effects of inflethal copper (cu) concentrations on ectomycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal (nm) scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings. the fungal symbionts examined were paxillus involutus (fr.) fr., suillus luteus (fr.) s.f. gray and thelephora terrestris (ehrh.) fr. the accumulation of cu in needles and fungal development (ergosterol) in roots and infstrate were assessed. inorganic phosphate (p(i)) and ammonium (nh(4) (+)) uptake ... | 1999 | 12651582 |
| studies on neutral exopolysaccharides produced by the ectomycorrhiza thelephora terrestris. | the ectomycorrhizal hymenomycete thelephora terrestris was grown in synthetic pure culture and the production of extracellular polysaccharide was monitored. the exopolysaccharides were prepared by ethanol precipitation and then fractionated into two components using a deae-sepharose column. a neutral fraction (nep) was fractionated on sepharose cl-6b, which resulted in three peaks: nep1, nep2 and nep3. nep1 was filtered through an exclusion membrane and two polysaccharides were obtained (fractio ... | 2002 | 12435495 |
| microcosm-based analyses of scots pine seedling growth, ectomycorrhizal fungal community structure and bacterial carbon utilization profiles in boreal forest humus and underlying illuvial mineral horizons. | we report on the identity of indigenous mycorrhiza forming fungi and rhizosphere/mycorrhizosphere bacterial community carbon source utilization profiles of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings grown in boreal forest humus (o) or illuvial (b) mineral horizon containing microcosm growth systems. based on rdna (its)-rflp analyses, a total of 10 fungal rflp taxa were identified from pre-morphotyped mycorrhizas on 7-month-old seedling roots. hierarchical cluster analysis, including correspondin ... | 2001 | 11377775 |
| solubilisation and colonisation of wood ash by ectomycorrhizal fungi isolated from a wood ash fertilised spruce forest. | in sweden application of granulated wood ash has been suggested as a method to supplement nutrient loss resulting from harvesting of forest residues for bioenergy production. mycelia of two ectomycorrhizal fungi piloderma sp. 1 and ha-96-3, were commonly found to colonise ash granules in a wood ash fertilised spruce forest. thirty-eight fungal isolates were selected from 10 taxa to investigate the possible role of different ectomycorrhizal fungi in nutrient mobilisation from ash. the taxa were c ... | 2001 | 11295454 |
| root-associated ectomycorrhizal fungi shared by various boreal forest seedlings naturally regenerating after a fire in interior alaska and correlation of different fungi with host growth responses. | the role of common mycorrhizal networks (cmns) in postfire boreal forest successional trajectories is unknown. we investigated this issue by sampling a 50-m by 40-m area of naturally regenerating black spruce (picea mariana), trembling aspen (populus tremuloides), and paper birch (betula papyrifera) seedlings at various distances from alder (alnus viridis subsp. crispa), a nitrogen-fixing shrub, 5 years after wildfire in an alaskan interior boreal forest. shoot biomasses and stem diameters of 4- ... | 2011 | 21441343 |
| ericaceous dwarf shrubs affect ectomycorrhizal fungal community of the invasive pinus strobus and native pinus sylvestris in a pot experiment. | this study aimed to elucidate the relationship between ericaceous understorey shrubs and the diversity and abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi (ecmf) associated with the invasive pinus strobus and native pinus sylvestris. seedlings of both pines were grown in mesocosms and subjected to three treatments simulating different forest microhabitats: (a) grown in isolation and grown with (b) vaccinium myrtillus or (c) vaccinium vitis-idaea. ericaceous plants did not act as a species pool of pine mycobi ... | 2010 | 21161550 |