| phylogenetic analysis of xanthomonas species based upon 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer sequences. | phylogenetic relationships of 17 species of xanthomonas were assessed based on analysis of 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer (its) sequences; a higher level of resolution was obtained than that revealed by 16s rdna analysis. its sequences varied in size from 492 to 578 nt within the genus and the similarity among sequences ranged from 63 to 99%. major differences were found for the hyacinthi group, which included xanthomonas albilineans, xanthomonas hyacinthi, xanthomonas sacchari, xanthomonas thei ... | 2002 | 11931143 |
| detection of xanthomonas fragariae and presumptive detection of xanthomonas arboricola pv. fragariae, from strawberry leaves, by real-time pcr. | real-time (taqman) pcr assays were developed to detect the strawberry angular leaf spot pathogen xanthomonas fragariae (xf) and the strawberry bacterial blight pathogen xanthomonas arboricola pv. fragariae (xaf). the xf pcr (xf gyrb) was designed within regions of the gyraseb gene, unique to xf, after generating gyraseb dna sequence data from xf and other closely related strains. the xaf pcr (xaf pep) was designed within regions of the pep prolyl endopeptidase gene that were unique to xaf, after ... | 2007 | 17588695 |
| separation of plant pathogens from different hosts and tissues by capillary electromigration techniques. | in this contribution capillary isoelectric focusing and capillary zone electrophoresis were applied for the separation and detection of different plant pathogens including pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, p. syringae pv. lachrymans, pseudomonas savastanoi pv. fraxinus, p. savastanoi pv. olea, agrobacterium tumefaciens, a vitis, xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis, x. campestris pv. zinniae, and curtobacterium sp.. the uv detection and sensitive fluorescence detection of the native phytopathog ... | 2007 | 17997525 |
| phytopatological problems and solutions in the walnut orchards along lake balaton. | european or persian walnut (juglans regia) is an important and healthy food as well as base material of timber industry. several pests (pathogens and insect pests) may cause serious damages on walnut. these are less known on the crop land of the tree. results of some years of our experiments including bacteriological and mycological studies, are presented in this paper. the optimum time of chemical protection against the walnut blight (xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis) was determined. occurr ... | 2007 | 18396807 |
| integron variability in xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis and xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni strains. | the integron platform and the gene cassette arrays of 34 xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis and of 47 xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni strains isolated from different geographical areas were screened to check their variability. genetic variability of the strains was also tested by means of box-pcr. for two representative strains of the two pathovars, the integrase gene inti and part of the flanking gene ilvd were also cloned and sequenced. whereas x. a. pv. pruni strains did not show relevant ... | 2008 | 18785932 |
| structure and origin of xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni populations causing bacterial spot of stone fruit trees in western europe. | abstract xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, the causal agent of bacterial spot on stone fruit, was found in 1995 in several orchards in southeastern france. we studied population genetics of this emerging pathogen in comparison with populations from the united states, where the disease was first described, and from italy, where the disease has occurred since 1920. four housekeeping genes (atpd, dnak, efp, and glna) and the intergenic transcribed spacer region were sequenced from a total of 3.9 kb ... | 2005 | 18943306 |
| development of an efficient real-time quantitative pcr protocol for detection of xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni in prunus species. | xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of stone fruit, is considered a quarantine organism by the european union and the european and mediterranean plant protection organization (eppo). the bacterium can undergo an epiphytic phase and/or be latent and can be transmitted by plant material, but currently, only visual inspections are used to certify plants as being x. arboricola pv. pruni free. a novel and highly sensitive real-time taqman pcr detection protoco ... | 2010 | 21037298 |
| detection of xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni by pcr using primers based on dna sequences related to the hrp genes. | efficient control of xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, the causal agent of bacterial spot on stone fruit, requires a sensitive and reliable diagnostic tool. a pcr detection method that utilizes primers to target the hrp gene cluster region was developed in this study. the nucleotide sequence of the pcr product amplified with primers specific for the hrp region of the xanthomonads and genomic dna of x. arboricola pv. pruni was determined, and the sequence was aligned with that of x. campestris pv ... | 2010 | 21046331 |
| a duplex-pcr method for species- and pathovar-level identification and detection of the quarantine plant pathogen xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni. | a pcr-based method was developed for the stone fruit quarantine pathogen xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (xap), which provides rapid, sensitive and specific in planta detection and isolate identification. primers specific for xap were identified using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd). simplex pcr with these primers had a limit of detection per pcr reaction of approximately 10cfu for isolate cultures and 50cfu for plant material when used on tenfold dilutions of isolate culture or genomic ... | 2011 | 21477624 |
| insights into the genome of the xanthan-producing phytopathogen xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni 109 by comparative genomic hybridization. | the phytopathogenic bacterium xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni is the causal agent of prunus bacterial spot disease that infects cultivated prunus species and their hybrids. furthermore, x. arboricola pv. pruni (xap) plays a role in biotechnology since it produces xanthan gum, an important biopolymer used mainly in the food, oil, and cosmetics industry. to gain first insights into the genome composition of this pathovar, genomic dna of x. arboricola pv. pruni strains was compared to the genomes ... | 2011 | 21539867 |
| the ubiquitous plasmid pxap41 in the invasive phytopathogen xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni: complete sequence and comparative genomic analysis. | the complete dna sequence of the 41ôçâ102-bp plasmid pxap41 from the invasive plant pathogen xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni cfbp 5530 was determined and its 44 coding regions were annotated. comparative analysis with 15 xanthomonas plasmids and 19 complete genomes revealed that nearly one-fourth of this plasmid has high sequence identity to plasmid pxac64 and an 8.8-kb chromosomal region of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri strain 306 carrying genes that encode type iii effectors and helper pro ... | 2011 | 21732961 |
| Type Three Effector Gene Distribution and Sequence Analysis Provide New Insights into the Pathogenicity of Plant-Pathogenic Xanthomonas arboricola. | Xanthomonas arboricola is a complex bacterial species which mainly attacks fruit trees and is responsible for emerging diseases in Europe. It comprises seven pathovars (X. arboricola pv. pruni, X. arboricola pv. corylina, X. arboricola pv. juglandis, X. arboricola pv. populi, X. arboricola pv. poinsettiicola, X. arboricola pv. celebensis, and X. arboricola pv. fragariae), each exhibiting characteristic disease symptoms and distinct host specificities. To better understand the factors underlying ... | 2012 | 22101042 |
| comparative genomics of pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of xanthomonas arboricola unveil molecular and evolutionary events linked to pathoadaptation. | the bacterial species xanthomonas arboricola contains plant pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains. it includes the pathogen x. arboricola pv. juglandis, causing the bacterial blight of juglans regia. the emergence of a new bacterial disease of j. regia in france called vertical oozing canker (voc) was previously described and the causal agent was identified as a distinct genetic lineage within the pathovar juglandis. symptoms on walnut leaves and fruits are similar to those of a bacterial blight ... | 2015 | 26734033 |
| aggressive emerging pathovars of xanthomonas arboricola represent widespread epidemic clones distinct from poorly pathogenic strains, as revealed by multilocus sequence typing. | deep and comprehensive knowledge of the genetic structure of pathogenic species is the cornerstone on which the design of precise molecular diagnostic tools is built. xanthomonas arboricola is divided into pathovars, some of which are classified as quarantine organisms in many countries and are responsible for diseases on nut and stone fruit trees that have emerged worldwide. recent taxonomic studies of the genus xanthomonas showed that strains isolated from other hosts should be classified in x ... | 2015 | 25934623 |
| comparative genomic and phenotypic characterization of pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of xanthomonas arboricola reveals insights into the infection process of bacterial spot disease of stone fruits. | xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni is the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of stone fruits, a quarantinable pathogen in several areas worldwide, including the european union. in order to develop efficient control methods for this disease, it is necessary to improve the understanding of the key determinants associated with host restriction, colonization and the development of pathogenesis. after an initial characterization, by multilocus sequence analysis, of 15 strains of x. arboricola isola ... | 2016 | 27571391 |
| epidemiological study of hazelnut bacterial blight in central italy by using laboratory analysis and geostatistics. | incidence of xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina, the causal agent of hazelnut bacterial blight, was analyzed spatially in relation to the pedoclimatic factors. hazelnut grown in twelve municipalities situated in the province of viterbo, central italy was studied. a consistent number of bacterial isolates were obtained from the infected tissues of hazelnut collected in three years (2010-2012). the isolates, characterized by phenotypic tests, did not show any difference among them. spatial patter ... | 2013 | 23424654 |
| comparative rna-seq analysis of early-infected peach leaves by the invasive phytopathogen xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni. | xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni is a quarantine bacterial pathogen that threatens peach production by causing necrotic spots on leaves and fruits, thus with the potential of severely reducing yields. the current understanding of the host plant defense responses to the pathogen is very limited. using whole transcriptome sequencing, differential gene expression was analyzed at two time points, 2 h and 12 h post inoculation (hpi), by comparing the inoculated samples to their respective controls. o ... | 2013 | 23342103 |
| phylogenetic and variable-number tandem-repeat analyses identify nonpathogenic xanthomonas arboricola lineages lacking the canonical type iii secretion system. | xanthomonas arboricola is conventionally known as a taxon of plant-pathogenic bacteria that includes seven pathovars. this study showed that x. arboricola also encompasses nonpathogenic bacteria that cause no apparent disease symptoms on their hosts. the aim of this study was to assess the x. arboricola population structure associated with walnut, including nonpathogenic strains, in order to gain a better understanding of the role of nonpathogenic xanthomonads in walnut microbiota. a multilocus ... | 2015 | 26048944 |
| genome sequence of xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina, isolated from turkish filbert in colorado. | previously, we reported the isolation of a bacterium producing leaf spots in turkish filbert. here, we present the draft genome assembly of the bacterium identified as xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina. to our knowledge, this is the first published genome of this pathovar of x. arboricola. | 2013 | 23704178 |
| draft genome sequence of xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni strain xap33, causal agent of bacterial spot disease on almond. | we report the annotated genome sequence of xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni strain xap33, isolated from almond leaves showing bacterial spot disease symptoms in spain. the availability of this genome sequence will aid our understanding of the infection mechanism of this bacterium as well as its relationship to other species of the same genus. | 2014 | 24903863 |
| multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis reveals multiple introductions in spain of xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of stone fruits and almond. | xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni is the causal agent of the bacterial spot disease of stone fruits, almond and some ornamental prunus species. in spain it was first detected in 2002 and since then, several outbreaks have occurred in different regions affecting mainly japanese plum, peach and almond, both in commercial orchards and nurseries. as the origin of the introduction(s) was unknown, we have assessed the genetic diversity of 239 x. arboricola pv. pruni strains collected from 11 spanish pr ... | 2016 | 27669415 |
| complete genome sequences of lytic bacteriophages of xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis. | three bacteriophages, f20-xaj, f29-xaj, and f30-xaj, with lytic activity against xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis were isolated from walnut trees (viii bío bío region, chile). these lytic bacteriophages have double-stranded dna (dsdna) genomes of 43,851 bp, 41,865 bp, and 44,262 bp, respectively. these are the first described bacteriophages with lytic activity against x. arboricola pv. juglandis that can be utilized as biocontrol agents. | 2016 | 27257210 |
| draft genome sequences of two strains of xanthomonas arboricola pv. celebensis isolated from banana plants. | we report here the annotated draft genome sequences of strains xanthomonas arboricola pv. celebensis ncppb 1832 and ncppb 1630 (ncppb, national collection of plant pathogenic bacteria), both isolated from musa species in new zealand. this will allow the comparison of genomes between phylogenetically distant xanthomonads that have independently converged with the ability to colonize banana plants. | 2016 | 26868395 |
| antibacterial activities of penicillic acid isolated from aspergillus persii against various plant pathogenic bacteria. | the emergence of pathogenic bacterial strains resistant to agrochemicals and the increasing demand for organic foods have led to the discovery of new antibacterial metabolites that can be used either directly or as a lead molecule for development of synthetic bactericides. during the screening of antibacterial fungal cultures, we found that one fungal strain, aspergillus persii eml-hpb1-11, showed strong in vitro antibacterial activity against xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (xap) with a minimu ... | 2016 | 27105128 |
| novel rosaceae plant elicitor peptides as sustainable tools to control xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni in prunus spp. | fruit crops are regarded as important health promoters and constitute a major part of global agricultural production, and rosaceae species are of high economic impact. their culture is threatened by bacterial diseases, whose control is based on preventative treatments using compounds of limited efficacy and negative environmental impact. one of the most economically relevant examples is the pathogen xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (xap) affecting prunus spp. the plant immune response against pa ... | 2017 | 28056495 |
| draft genome sequence of two strains of xanthomonas arboricola isolated from prunus persica which are dissimilar to strains that cause bacterial spot disease on prunus spp. | the draft genome sequences of two strains of xanthomonas arboricola, isolated from asymptomatic peach trees in spain, are reported here. these strains are avirulent and do not belong to the same phylogroup as x. arboricola pv. pruni, a causal agent of bacterial spot disease of stone fruits and almonds. | 2016 | 27609931 |
| comparative analysis of two bacteriophages of xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis. | walnut blight caused by xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (xaj) is one of the most frequent infective diseases of walnut, resulting in serious economic losses. one potential solution to control this disease could be the application of bacteriophages. in this study, 24 phages were isolated from soil and walnut aerial tissues infected with xaj. two polyvalent bacteriophages, xaj2 and xaj24 were chosen for further characterization including their morphological, physiological and genomic analyses ... | 2016 | 27275846 |
| effect of cellulose and lignin on disintegration, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of pla active films. | this study reports the effects on antimicrobial, antioxidant, migration and disintegrability activities of ternary nanocomposite films based on poly(lactic acid) incorporating two biobased nanofillers, (cellulose nanocrystals (cnc) and lignin nanoparticles (lnp)), in two different amounts (1 and 3% wt.). results from antimicrobial tests revealed a capacity to inhibit the gram negative bacterial growth of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria and xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni along the time, ... | 2016 | 27126170 |
| recombination-prone bacterial strains form a reservoir from which epidemic clones emerge in agroecosystems. | the acquisition of virulence-related genes through horizontal gene transfer can modify the pathogenic profiles of strains and lead to the emergence of new diseases. xanthomonas arboricola is a bacterial species largely known for the damage it causes to stone and nut fruit trees worldwide. in addition to these host-specific populations called pathovars, many nonpathogenic strains have been identified in this species. their evolutionary significance in the context of pathogen emergence is unknown. ... | 2016 | 27059897 |
| draft genome sequence for virulent and avirulent strains of xanthomonas arboricola isolated from prunus spp. in spain. | xanthomonas arboricola is a species in genus xanthomonas which is mainly comprised of plant pathogens. among the members of this taxon, x. arboricola pv. pruni, the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of stone fruits and almond, is distributed worldwide although it is considered a quarantine pathogen in the european union. herein, we report the draft genome sequence, the classification, the annotation and the sequence analyses of a virulent strain, ivia 2626.1, and an avirulent strain, cita 4 ... | 2016 | 26823958 |
| draft genome sequences of four xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis strains associated with walnut blight in chile. | xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis is an important pathogen responsible for walnut blight outbreaks globally. here, we report four draft genome sequences of x. arboricola pv. juglandis strains isolated from chilean walnut trees. | 2015 | 26450732 |
| complete genome sequence of xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis 417, a copper-resistant strain isolated from juglans regia l. | here, we report the complete genome sequence of xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis 417, a copper-resistant strain isolated from a blighted walnut fruit (juglans regia l. cv. chandler). the genome consists of a single chromosome (5,218 kb). | 2015 | 26430043 |
| evaluation of a real-time pcr and a loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni in plant tissue samples. | operational capacity of real-time pcr and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) diagnostic assays for detection of xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni was established in a ring-test involving four laboratories. symptomatic and healthy almond leaf samples with two methods of sample preparation were analyzed. kappa coefficient, sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios and post-test probability of detection were estimated to manage the risk associated with the use of the two methods. | 2015 | 25769438 |
| draft genome sequence of xanthomonas arboricola strain 3004, a causal agent of bacterial disease on barley. | we report here the annotated genome sequence of xanthomonas arboricola strain 3004, isolated from barley leaves with symptoms of streak and capable of infecting other plant species. we sequenced the genome of x. arboricola strain 3004 to improve the understanding of molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis and evolution of the genus xanthomonas. | 2015 | 25700410 |
| colonization of dormant walnut buds by xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis is predictive of subsequent disease. | the potential role of walnut buds as a driver of walnut blight disease, caused by xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis, was addressed by quantifying its temporal dynamics in a large number of orchards in california. the abundance of x. arboricola pv. juglandis on individual dormant and developing buds and shoots of walnut trees varied by >10(6)-fold at any sample time and within a given tree. x. arboricola pv. juglandis population size in shoots was often no larger than that in the buds from whi ... | 2014 | 25338268 |
| development of multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) for xanthomonas arboricola pathovars. | xanthomonas arboricola is an important bacterial species, the pathovars of which are responsible for bacterial blight diseases on stone fruit, hazelnut, persian walnut, poplar, strawberry, poinsettia and banana. in this study, we evaluated variable number tandem repeats (vntr) as a molecular typing tool for assessing the genetic diversity within pathovars of x. arboricola. screening of the x. arboricola pv. pruni genome sequence (cfbp5530 strain) predicted 51 candidate vntr loci. primer pairs fo ... | 2014 | 24631558 |
| the pdb database is a rich source of alpha-helical anti-microbial peptides to combat disease causing pathogens. | the therapeutic potential of α-helical anti-microbial peptides (ah-amp) to combat pathogens is fast gaining prominence. based on recently published open access software for characterizing α-helical peptides (pagal), we elucidate a search methodology (scalpel) that leverages the massive structural data pre-existing in the pdb database to obtain ah-amps belonging to the host proteome. we provide in vitro validation of scalpel on plant pathogens ( xylella fastidiosa, xanthomonas arboricola and libe ... | 2014 | 26629331 |
| isolation and characterization of bacteriophages infecting xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis, the causal agent of walnut blight disease. | walnut orchards suffer from a blight caused by the bacteria xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis. these bacteria can be infected by viral bacteriophages and this study was carried out to isolate and characterize bacteriophages from walnut orchards located throughout the south island of new zealand. twenty six x. arboricola phages were isolated from three hundred and twenty six samples of plant material representing phyllosphere and rhizosphere ecosystems. the phage isolates were characterized by ... | 2012 | 22806014 |
| aflp analysis of xanthomonas axonopodis and x. arboricola strains used in xanthan production studies reveal high levels of polymorphism. | amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) was used to analyze the genetic diversity of 14 strains of xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni and seven strains of x. axonopodis pv. phaseoli, which are used in xanthan production studies. relationships identified by the aflp profiles were assessed for xanthan production capacity, geographical location and host plant. strains were isolated from 10 different geographic regions in south and southeast states in brazil. data were analyzed for genetic simil ... | 2010 | 24031551 |
| the profile and antimicrobial activity of bacillus lipopeptide extracts of five potential biocontrol strains. | in this study the efficacy of two different methods for extracting lipopeptides produced by five bacillus strains-ethyl acetate extraction, and acid precipitation followed by methanol extraction-was investigated using mass spectrometry. high performance thin layer chromatography (hptlc) was also used for the simultaneous separation of complex mixtures of lipopeptide extracts and for the determination of antimicrobial activity of their components. the mass spectra clearly showed well-resolved gro ... | 2017 | 28588570 |
| aerobiological stability of different species of gram-negative bacteria, including well-known biothreat simulants, in single-cell particles and cell clusters of different composition. | the ability to perform controlled experiments with bioaerosols is a fundamental enabler of many bioaerosol research disciplines. a practical alternative to using hazardous biothreat agents, e.g. for detection equipment development and testing, involves using appropriate model organisms (simulants). several species of gram-negative bacteria have been used or proposed as biothreat simulants. the appropriateness of different bacterial genera, species, and strains as simulants is however still debat ... | 2017 | 28687646 |
| antibacterial activity of pharbitin, isolated from the seeds of pharbitis nil, against various plant pathogenic bacteria. | this study aimed to isolate and characterize an antibacterial metabolite from pharbitis nil seeds and investigate antibacterial activity against various plant pathogenic bacteria. the methanol extract of p. nil seeds showed the strongest activity against xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni (xap) with minimum inhibition concentration (mic) value of 250 μg/ml. among the three solvent layers obtained from the methanol extract of p. nil seeds, only butanol layer displayed the activity with mic value of ... | 2017 | 28851207 |
| development of a nanostructured immunosensor for early and in situ detection of xanthomonas arboricola in agricultural food production. | we report a microfluidic electrochemical immunosensor for xanthomonas arboricola (xa) determination, based on the covalently immobilization of monoclonal anti-xa antibody (anti-xa) on a previously amino functionalized sba-15 in situ synthesized in the central channel of a glass-poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic immunosensor. the synthetized amino-sba-15 was characterized by n2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. xa was detected by a direct sa ... | 2017 | 28842030 |
| a model for predicting xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni growth as a function of temperature. | a two-step modeling approach was used for predicting the effect of temperature on the growth of xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, causal agent of bacterial spot disease of stone fruit. the in vitro growth of seven strains was monitored at temperatures from 5 to 35°c with a bioscreen c system, and a calibrating equation was generated for converting optical densities to viable counts. in primary modeling, baranyi, buchanan, and modified gompertz equations were fitted to viable count growth curves ... | 2017 | 28493954 |
| pan-genomic analysis permits differentiation of virulent and non-virulent strains of xanthomonas arboricola that cohabit prunus spp. and elucidate bacterial virulence factors. | xanthomonas arboricola is a plant-associated bacterial species that causes diseases on several plant hosts. one of the most virulent pathovars within this species is x. arboricola pv. pruni (xap), the causal agent of bacterial spot disease of stone fruit trees and almond. recently, a non-virulent xap-look-a-like strain isolated from prunus was characterized and its genome compared to pathogenic strains of xap, revealing differences in the profile of virulence factors, such as the genes related t ... | 2017 | 28450852 |
| lateral flow immunoassay for on-site detection of xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni in symptomatic field samples. | xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni is a quarantine pathogen and the causal agent of the bacterial spot disease of stone fruits and almond, a major threat to prunus species. rapid and specific detection methods are essential to improve disease management, and therefore a prototype of a lateral flow immunoassay (lfia) was designed for the detection of x. arboricola pv. pruni in symptomatic field samples. it was developed by producing polyclonal antibodies which were then combined with carbon nanopar ... | 2017 | 28448536 |