| infective larvae of brugia: escape from mosquitoes into water and subsequent oral infectivity in jirds. | published work showed that third-stage larvae (l-3s) escape into water from dead or dying, brugia pahangi-infected, aedes aegypti. the present study revealed the same escape phenomenon among b. pahangi-infected armigeres subalbatus, anopheles quadrimaculatus, and aedes togoi, and among brugia malayi-infected ae. aegypti and ae. togoi. l-3s maintained in water or in lum's solution for 3 hours retained infectivity when tested in orally or subcutaneously exposed jirds; furthermore, l-3s recovered f ... | 1976 | 8999 |
| development of the timor filaria in aedes togoi: preliminary observations. | developmental stages of the timor filaria recovered from experimentally infected aedes togoi mosquitoes are described. mosquitoes were dissected and examined for larvae beginning 1 1/2 days and continuing daily for 9 days after they had fed on a carrier on the island of flores, indonesia. timor microfilariae develop rapidly to third-stage larvae within the thoracic muscles of a. togoi: the first molt occurs at 3 1/2 days, the second molt as early as 5 1/2 days, and infective forms are found at 6 ... | 1976 | 12255 |
| flight muscle ultrastructure of susceptible and refractory mosquitoes parasitized by larval brugia pahangi. | on parasitization with larval brugia pahangi the infected flight muscle fibres of "resistant" anopheles labranchiae atroparvus undergo the following ultrastructural changes. the fibres become almost totally devoid of glycogen, their sarcoplasmic reticulum becomes elongate and closely associated with muscle fibrils. these fibrils degenerate and vesicles appear both within the degenerate fibril and within elements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. vesicles accumulate around the worm and degenerate to ... | 1977 | 14324 |
| experimental brugia timori and wuchereria bancrofti infections in certain species of mosquitoes. | laboratory reared aedes aegypti (black eye and jakarta strains), aedes togoi, (taiwan), aedes albopictus, (jakarta), wild caught anopheles barbirostris, (java) and mansonia uniformis, (jakarta) were fed on a carrier with mixed infection of brugia timori and wuchereria bancrofti. b. timori and w. bancrofti were able to develop in a. aegypti (black eye) and a. togoi, with development proceeding more rapidly for of b. timori than w. bancrofti. both species of parasites were readily distinguishable ... | 1977 | 24275 |
| the lethal effects of the cibarial and pharyngeal armatures of mosquitoes on microfilariae. | microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia pahangi were killed by the chewing action of the cibarial and pharyngeal armatures and other papillae and spines in the fore-gut of mosquitoes. the proportion of ingested microfilariae that were killed was largely dependent on the presence and shape of the cibarial armature. anopheles farauti no. 1 and anopheles gambiae species a and b have well developed cibarial armatures and killed 36 to 96% of the ingested microfilariae. culex pipiens fatigans ... | 1978 | 30190 |
| incorporation of radioactive precursors into filarial larvae of brugia developing in susceptible and refractory mosquitoes. | the incorporation of tritiated precursors injected into mosquito hosts parasitized by developing filarial larvae of brugia patei has been studied by autoradiography in 2 species of mosquito, aedes togoi in which filarial development was normal and anopheles labranchiae atroparvus in which filarial development was abnormal. in both mosquito hosts there was significant incorporation into 4--5-day-old developing larvae of uridine and amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, arginine, lysine, cysti ... | 1979 | 41893 |
| experimental transmission of wuchereria bancrofti to monkeys. | infective larvae of wuchereria bancrofti from laboratory-raised culex pipiens fatigans and aedes togoi mosquitoes fed on human volunteers in jakarta, indonesia (j strain) and kinmen island, china (k strain) were introduced into taiwan monkeys (macaca cyclopis) by subcutaneous inoculation, by foot puncture, or by permitting infected mosquitoes to feed weekly on the monkeys. some animals were splenectomized and others were treated with varying regimens of immunosuppressants. necropsy was done on m ... | 1979 | 107818 |
| transovarial transmission of japanese encephalitis virus by mosquitoes. | female aedes albopictus and aedes togoi mosquitoes infected with japanese encephalitis virus either by intrathoracic inoculation or by ingestion of a virus-sucrose-erythrocyte mixture transmitted the virus to a small percentage of their f1 progeny. adult f1 female aedes albopictus thus infected transmitted the virus in turn to newly hatched chickens by feeding on them. | 1978 | 203035 |
| studies on the effects of tetracycline on brugia pahangi infection in aedes togoi. | | 1978 | 705417 |
| the first stage larva of brugia pahangi in aedes togoi: an ultrastructural study. | | 1978 | 748209 |
| studies on filariasis. iv. the rate of escape of the third-stage larvae of brugia pahangi from the mouthpart of aedes togoi during the blood meal. | the rate of escape of the third-stage larvae of brugia pahangi from aedes togoi which were allowed to probe on a cat and a mouse at time intervals of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 seconds was studied. the rate of escape of third-stage larvae at all time intervals was greater during probing on the cat than on the mouse, and was in a logarithmic linear relation to the length of probing time by the mosquito host. the greatest loss (91.35%) of third-stage larvae was in mosquitoes which fed on a cat until ful ... | 1975 | 1127218 |
| mastomys natalensis as an experimental host for brugia malaye subperiodic. | infective larvae of brugia malayi subperiodic obtained by dissection of infected aedes togoi were injected subcutaneously into the scrotal region of mastomys natalensis. from altogether 58 infected male m. natalensis 81% showed consistently or intermittently detectable microfilaraemia, whereas in 19% of the animals no microfilaraemia could be detected at any stage. the mean prepatent period was 136 days; the microfilarial density varied from 1 to 535 per 20 c. mm blood. in those animlas with con ... | 1975 | 1221502 |
| factors affecting transmission of wuchereria bancrofti by anopheline mosquitoes. 4. facilitation, limitation, proportionality and their epidemiological significance. | quantitative understanding of the transmission dynamics of lymphatic filarial parasites is essential for the rational planning of control strategies. one of the most important determinants of transmission dynamics is the relationship between parasite yield, the success rate of ingested microfilariae (mf) becoming infective larvae in a mosquito vector, and mf density in the source of the human blood meal. three types of relationship have been recognized in human filaria/mosquito couples--limitati ... | 1992 | 1475823 |
| survival and infectivity of brugia malayi microfilariae after cryopreservation. | methods were studied for the cryopreservation of microfilariae of periodic brugia malayi. rpmi-1640 tissue culture medium containing 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and 15% newborn calf serum was used as cryoprotectant. samples were frozen slowly in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen prior to emersion in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees c). the freezing rate was -0.5 to -1.0 degrees c per minute, microfilariae remained viable for as long as, 212 and 375 days, survival rates were 94 to 98% and they wer ... | 1991 | 1948273 |
| ivermectin inhibits molting of wuchereria bancrofti third stage larvae in vitro. | the effect of ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine (dec) on wuchereria bancrofti molting from the third to the fourth larval stage (l3 to l4) was evaluated in vitro. l3 larvae were harvested from laboratory-reared aedes togoi 2 wk after feeding upon a microfilaremic human volunteer. the larvae were kept in an artificial medium (franke's ni medium) with 10% human serum under an atmosphere of 5% co2 for 20 days. experimental tubes also contained ivermectin (0.1-1,000 ng/ml) or dec (0.1-10,000 ng/ml). ... | 1991 | 1992087 |
| species variation in mosquito flight-muscle damage resulting from a single filarial infection and its repercussions on a second infection. | serial sections of females of two highly filaria-susceptible mosquitoes, aedes togoi and ae. aegypti, were examined by light microscopy. following a single brugia pahangi infection, the predominant reaction of flight muscles of ae. aegypti was degeneration, whereas that in ae. togoi was nuclear enlargement, a putative repair response. this also holds true following mechanical injury (beckett 1990), suggesting an inherent species difference in flight-muscle response to injury. the filariae of a s ... | 1990 | 2217122 |
| [the characteristics of aedes togoi susceptibility to plasmodium gallinaceum]. | a high level of mutual adaptation has been established between ae. togoi and p. gallinaceum strains. the level of sensitivity of ae. togoi to the above agent is higher than that of ae. aegypti in the proportion of the individuals infected and the number of agents in them. no correlation in the infectivity of the species compared has been observed. | 1990 | 2290395 |
| vectors of japanese encephalitis virus (jev): species complexes of the vectors. | the vectors of jev are cx. tritaeniorhynchus, cx. vishnui, cx. pseudovishnui, cx. gelidus, cx. fuscocephala, cx. quinquefasciatus, cx. pipiens pallens, cx. bitaeniorhynchus, cx. annulirostris, aedes togoi, ae. japonicus, ae. vexans nipponii, anopheles annularis and an. vagus. cx. tritaeniorhynchus is in the tritaeniorhynchus complex, breeds in rice fields, ground pools in vast areas. two types of mating behavior, eurygamy and moderate stenogamy were detected. in the case of the eurygamy type, th ... | 1989 | 2576966 |
| [cryopreservation of microfilariae and third-stage larvae of brugia malayi and subsequent development in the hosts]. | methods are studied for the cryopreservation of microfilariae (mf) and third-stage larvae (l3) of periodic brugia malayi. rpmi-1640 tissue culture medium containing 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and 15% newborn calf serum were used as cryoprotectant. the larvae survived best when specimens were frozen at the rate of -0.5 degrees c to -1.0 degrees c per minute using the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen, when the temperature reached -70 degrees c to -90 degrees c the specimens were placed directly in ... | 1989 | 2766500 |
| alteration in aedes togoi susceptibility to brugia pahangi microfilariae induced by aedes albopictus thoracic homogenate. | refractoriness to brugia pahangi microfilarial infection could be induced in the normally susceptible aedes togoi mosquitoes by intrathoracic injection with crude thoracic homogenate of the refractory aedes albopictus mosquitoes. the crude thoracic homogenate contained three sephadex g-200 protein profiles of which the first profile showed strongest inhibition to the parasite development. | 1989 | 2772699 |
| [humoral immune responses to stages of brugia pahangi in experimentally infected rats]. | in the present experiment, sprague-dawley rats were inoculated with brugia pahangi, a lymphatic dwelling filarial parasite. each rat received 100 third stage larvae (l3) of b. pahangi freshly harvested from aedes togoi. rats in the control group were injected with saline. after inoculation, tail vein blood was collected from each rat at 2-week intervals. the immune responses of the infected rats to b. pahangi were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). four types of antigen w ... | 1986 | 2880695 |
| inheritance of phosphogluconate and xanthine dehydrogenases in aedes (finlaya) togoi. | phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (pgd) and xanthine dehydrogenase (xdh) were genetically studied by agar gel electrophoresis in the mosquito aedes togoi. adult homogenates displayed banding patterns with one zone of activity of either enzyme. eight backcrosses were conducted to map the two loci, pgd and xdh, to linkage group iii with the following arrangement: pgd--(ca. 15 map units)--bl (bleached pupa)--(ca.5)--y (yellow larva)--(38.0 +/- 1.7)--pm (plum eye)--(6.1 +/- 0.9)--xdh. all pgd and xdh l ... | 1988 | 3225566 |
| aedes (finlaya) togoi theobald 1907, chanthaburi strain, a laboratory vector in studies of filariasis in thailand. | | 1987 | 3313743 |
| brugian filariasis: 10-year follow-up study on the effectiveness of selective chemotherapy with diethylcarbamazine on che ju island, republic of korea. | the results of a 10-year follow-up of brugia malayi microfilarial (mf) carrier rates in seven villages on che ju island and adjacent islets are reported; four villages initially received large-scale selective treatment with diethylcarbamazine (dec) and three served as untreated controls. some 90% of the total population took part in the pre-treatment blood survey and 82% of the detected mf carriers completed a course of treatment with 72 mg dec per kg body weight over a period of 24 days.in the ... | 1987 | 3495367 |
| attempt to culture wuchereria bancrofti in vitro. | third-stage larvae of wuchereria bancrofti recovered from laboratory raised aedes togoi and anopheles maculatus fed on a human volunteer were recovered by mass dissection methods and introduced into in vitro culture. llc-mk2 cells were used as feeder cells, and the culture medium consisted of rpmi-1640 buffered with hepes and sodium bicarbonate and supplemented with human ab serum. the third-stage larvae molted as early as 12 days and those surviving had all molted by 16 days. the fourth-stage p ... | 1986 | 3554544 |
| genetic studies on hexokinase in the mosquito aedes togoi. | hexokinases (ec 2.7.1.1) were genetically analyzed in the mosquito aedes togoi by agar gel electrophoresis. enzyme activity was observed anodally in one major banding region (hk-1) on the gel and in another faintly stained region (hk-2). a total of six bands was detected in the hk-1 region. all six bands could be detected in three body parts, head, thorax, and abdomen, of adults with different banding intensities. the third and fourth bands, numbered from the more anodal side, showed the broades ... | 1987 | 3619882 |
| laboratory transmission of lymphatic filariasis by vector mosquitoes. | aedes togoi and ae. aegypti were used to examine the transmission potential of brugia pahangi to one of its natural hosts, the domestic cat. although a larger proportion of microfilariae taken in by ae. togoi developed into infective larvae, the total number of b. pahangi larvae recovered from a cat exposed to ae. aegypti was larger than from a cat exposed to ae. togoi. factors influencing the transmission dynamics included: development of microfilariae to infective larvae; survival of mosquitoe ... | 1987 | 3660071 |
| bancroftian filariasis and malaria in island and hinterland populations in sabah, malaysia. | an epidemiological survey of filariasis and malaria in banggi island and upper kinabatangan, sabah, revealed microfilarial rates of 7.2% and 8.6% respectively and malaria prevalence of 9.7% and 16.9% respectively. wuchereria bancrofti was a rural nocturnally periodic type with a periodicity index of 137.2 and average peak hour at 01.32 hrs; 9.2% of microfilaremic carriers as compared to 2.4% amicrofilaremic subjects had clinical filariasis. the plasmodium falciparum: p. vivax: p. malariae ratios ... | 1985 | 3898498 |
| some early findings on the possibility of using aedes togoi as a vector of dirofilaria repens in the laboratory. | | 1966 | 4224562 |
| studies on the transmission of sub-periodic brugia malayi by aedes (finlaya) togoi in the laboratory. i. the intake and migration of microfilariae. | | 1967 | 4231979 |
| studies on the transmission of sub-periodic brugia malayi by aedes (finlaya) togoi in the laboratory. ii. the development of the parasite to the infective form; the relationship between concentration of microfilariae in the vertebrate host and infection in the mosquitoes. | | 1968 | 4234356 |
| studies on the transmission of sub-periodic brugia malayi by aedes (finlaya) togoi in the laboratory. 3. the survival of infected mosquitoes under laboratory conditions. | | 1968 | 4235597 |
| new record of aedes (finlaya) togoi (theobold) in west malaysia. | | 1969 | 4242176 |
| adaptatio of a filarial worm, brugia patei, to a new mosquito host, aedes togoi. | | 1967 | 4383333 |
| studies on longevity of adult eretmapodites chrysogaster, aedes togoi and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus females (diptera: culicidae). | | 1969 | 4390087 |
| the fate and migratory patterns of the infective larvae of brugia malayi, dirofilaria immitis and breinlia sergenti in aedes togoi denied access to a host. | | 1974 | 4455926 |
| development of brugia pahangi in the flight muscles of aedes togoi. ultrastructural changes in the infected muscle fibers and the infecting filarial larvae. | | 1973 | 4688414 |
| superinfection of aedes togoi with brugia malayi. | | 1973 | 4707759 |
| observations on the development of a new filaria (breinlia booliati, singh and ho, 1973) of a rat rattus sabanus in the mosquito aedes togoi. | | 1973 | 4724313 |
| the effects of x-irradiation and antibiotics on the susceptibility of aedes togoi and a. aegypti to subperiodic brugia malayi and b. pahangi. | | 1969 | 4984760 |
| infectivity of brugia malayi larvae recovered from aedes togoi mosquitoes at various times after a single blood meal. | | 1971 | 5153594 |
| the development of cardiofilaria nilesi in laboratory-bred aedes togoi. | | 1969 | 5373665 |
| studies on filariasis. i. the migration of the infective larvae of brugia pahangi in aedes togoi and their loss from the mosquito under experimental conditions. | | 1966 | 5962368 |
| preliminary observations on the development of larval filariae in toxorhynchites species. | brugia malayi and b. pahangi microfilariae from gerbil intraperitoneal infections were inoculated into the thorax of male and female toxorhynchites amboinesis and developed into third-stage larvae as early as 11 days. in a comparative study with aedes togoi fed on microfilaremic gerbils, third-stage larvae were found at 10 days. some third-stage larvae of b. malayi inoculated into gerbils developed to advanced stages. third-stage larvae of wuchereria bancrofti were recovered in low numbers from ... | 1980 | 6101531 |
| [preliminary report on the susceptibility of mosquitoes to brugia pahangi]. | a comparative study on the susceptibility of eight species of four genera of mosquitoes to brugia pahangi was carried out. aedes aegypti (liverpool strain), aedes togoi, armigeres subalbatus and mansonia uniformis (taiwan strains) were found with the third-stage larvae 14 days after feeding on infected rats (sprague-dawley). the remaining of aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, aedes pseudoalbopictus, culex p. fatigans and culex annutus (taiwan strains) were found refractory to infection. to determi ... | 1984 | 6150813 |
| experimental transmission of subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti to the leaf monkey (presbytis melalophos), and its periodicity. | infective larvae of nocturnally subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti were obtained from laboratory-raised aedes togoi mosquitoes which had fed on an infected human volunteer from kanchanaburi, thailand, and 471 of them were inoculated subcutaneously into the inguinal regions of an immunosuppressed presbytis melalophos. microfilaremia was first detected 287 days after inoculation, and 77 days later, at 364 days of infection, the number of microfilariae determined at 2-hour intervals reached a maximum ... | 1982 | 6805349 |
| identification of some common infective filarial larvae in malaysia. | infective larvae of wuchereria, brugia, breinlia, dirofilaria and setaria species from an experimental vector, aedes togoi, are compared. the distinctive bubble-like caudal papillae of wuchereria bancrofti are readily distinguishable from the protuberant ones of brugia spp; the 'ear-like' papillae of breinlia are distinct from the 'knob-like' ones of dirofilaria or the 'thorn-like' terminal papilla of setaria. | 1982 | 7069185 |
| studies on the liverpool and malaysian strans of aedes (finlaya) togoi. | comparative studies of vector efficiency were done with the liverpool and malaysian strains of aedes (finlaya) togoi for subperiodic brugia malayi and brugia pahangi. the malaysian strain of a. togoi was found to take in fewer microfilariae under the same experimental conditions than the liverpool strain. also, for various microfilarial densities in the host's peripheral blood, the malaysian strain had less mean infective larvae per fed mosquito than the liverpool strain. the microfilarial intak ... | 1980 | 7221700 |
| [on the filariae of the genus aproctella (splendidofilariinae) (author's transl)]. | aproctella alessandroi n. sp., parasitic in various passeriformes in colombia and guadeloupe, and a. golvani n. sp., a similar species with smaller microfilariae parasitic in sparrows in guadeloupe, are described. the life cycle of a. alessandroi was studied in aedes togoi (development in 13 days in the flight muscles; first-stage larva cylindrical; third-stage larva 1 330-1 600 microns long; oesophago-intestinal junction distinct). the larval biology of aproctella is very similar to that of car ... | 1981 | 7259001 |
| isolation and identification of novel toxins from a new mosquitocidal isolate from malaysia, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan. | a new mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis subsp., jegathesan, has recently been isolated from malaysia. parasporal crystal inclusions were purified from this strain and bioassayed against fourth-instar larvae of culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti, aedes togoi, aedes albopictus, anopheles maculatus, and mansonia uniformis. the 50% lethal concentration of crystal inclusions for each species was 0.34, 8.08, 0.34, 17.59, 3.91, and 120 ng/ml, respectively. these values show that parasporal inclus ... | 1995 | 7487029 |
| acetyl coa generation and n-acetylation of serotonin (5ht) in the mosquito, aedes togoi. | acetyl coa synthetase (acs; ec 6.2.1.1) was studied in the mosquito, aedes togoi, by a novel assay which coupled the acetyl-coa generated to p-aminosalicylic acid (asa). the n-acetylated product was determined by an hplc-fluorimetric procedure. high acs activity was observed in the newly-pupated pupae of both sexes and in the adult male mosquito whose activity was five times that of the female. acetyl coa-dependent n-acetyltransferase (nat; ec 2.3.1.5) activity toward serotonin (5ht) was also st ... | 1994 | 7911372 |
| [studies on the susceptibility of anopheles anthropophagus to experimental infection with wuchereria bancrofti]. | this paper reports the susceptibility of anopheles anthropophagus (xu et feng, 1975) to experimental infection with wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold, 1877), comparing with that of an. sinensis wiedemann, 1828, culex pipiens quinque fasciatus say, 1823, and aedes togoi (theobald, 1907). of 188 an. anthropophagus, 202 an. sinensis, 280 cx. pipiens quinque fasciatus and 129 ae. togoi infected by the blood of a bancroftian microfilaremia with mff density of 190 mff/20cmm, the infective rates were 35.64 ... | 1993 | 8174212 |
| reduction in susceptibility to brugia malayi of f2 progeny of aedes togoi treated with ethyl methanesulfonate. | the susceptibility to brugia malayi infection was tested in f2 female progeny derived from male and female aedes togoi treated with ethyl methanesulfonate (ems). three-day-old males and females were treated with 0.025, 0.050, and 0.075, 0.10, 0.15, or 0.20% ems by allowing them to feed for 5 days on sugar cubes containing ems and then mated at random. percentage of susceptibility and mean number of infective larvae (l3) in f2 females were analyzed over a 2-wk period. reductions in susceptibility ... | 1999 | 10612608 |
| genetics of mosquito vector competence. | mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality throughout the world. efforts to control mosquito-borne diseases have been impeded, in part, by the development of drug-resistant parasites, insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, and environmental concerns over the application of insecticides. therefore, there is a need to develop novel disease control strategies that can complement or replace existing control methods. one such strategy is to generate pathogen-resi ... | 2000 | 10704476 |
| predation efficacy of the fish muddy loach, misgurnus mizolepis, against aedes and culex mosquitoes in laboratory and small rice plots. | assessments of the biological control potential of muddy loaches, misgurnus mizolepis, were conducted against aedes togoi, culex pipiens pallens, and culex inatomii larvae both in the laboratory and in small rice plots in pusan, korea, from june to september 1997. medium-sized fish consumed almost all of 500 3rd-stage larvae of cx. pipiens pallens offered daily in the laboratory. predation by the fish at release rates of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 fish per plot resulted in 1,004, 1,197, 1,198, 1,200, an ... | 2000 | 11081657 |
| autogenous aedes togoi sub-colony (chanthaburi, thailand strain), an efficient laboratory vector in study of filariasis. | comparative filarial susceptibility and biology between stock colony and selectively autogenous aedes. togoi sub-colony were carried out to determine the laboratorial vector-capacity and viability of autogenous sub-colony. the results of susceptibility revealed that the selectively autogenous ae. togoi sub-colony yielded higher susceptibility than the stock colony, ie dirofilaria immitis: susceptibility rates=80.00% [exp1(f8)] and 76.19% [exp2(f17)] (autogenous sub-colony), 53.33% (exp1) and 71. ... | 2000 | 11127320 |
| characterization of human ige and mouse igg1 responses to allergens in three mosquito species by immunoblotting and elisa. | ige-mediated allergic reactions caused by mosquito bites are a common problem all over the world. this study was undertaken to determine ige levels in subjects, to elucidate human ige and mouse igg1 binding patterns and to investigate the cross-reactivity of salivary gland antigens with three mosquitoes. | 2001 | 11752877 |
| cross-reactivity between sera from dogs experimentally infected with dirofilaria immitis and crude extract of toxocara canis. | this study was performed to investigate whethere there is cross-reactivity between dirofilaria immitis and three intestinal nematodes of dogs. in elisa, d. immitis-infected dog sera obtained at the 4th molting stage (9-11 weeks) and microfilaremic stage (25-30 weeks) were shown to be highly reactive with crude extract of t. canis. in immunoblotting, some antigenic fractions, 44, 57, 88, 100 kda of crude extract of t. canis, were found to be positive reaction with sera of dogs infected with d. im ... | 2002 | 12509105 |
| the effects of common salt on aedes togoi and filarial infection. | the effects of salt on the development of aedes togoi and the infecton of brugia pahangi were studied. salt concentrations over 7.2% completely got rid of pupae and adults. the salt concentrations 0% to 3.6% reduced pupal development from 86.6% to 72.8% and adult from 70.3% to 53.3%. b. pahangi infestations and infection rates were also reduced in the mosquitoes reared at salt concentrations of 1.8% and 3.6%. trends of retardation in the filarial development were observed when the salt concentra ... | 1982 | 12902695 |
| [a study on aedes togoi as vector of filariasis in che ju lsland] | a study on the aedes togoi to find out important biological and ecological factors as an efficient vector of filariasis, was carried out on che-ju island for two years from 1968 though 1969. results obtained are as followings: 1)geographical distribution of the mosquito breeding habitat was found to be extensive covering circular areas of about three km distance along the shore line. the main breeding sites were rockpools and smaller holes on rocks retaining tide and/or rain water with high larv ... | 1969 | 12913528 |
| [studies on filariasis in korea: on the morphology and development of larvae of brugia malayi in aedes togoi] | since senoo and lincicome (1951) first have brought up for attention to the existence of malayan filariasis in korea, several reports on the epidemiological investigations of the disease had already been made by many workers. however it is little known what kind of mosquitoes are involved as the major vectors in main endemic areas. in cheju-do, known as one of main endemic areas in korea, aedes togoi is most likely suspected as an important vector because of their abundant collections and vigoro ... | 1968 | 12913548 |
| [the epidemiological studies on the filariasis in korea: i. filariasis in cheju-do(quelpart island)] | a night blood survey was carried out among inhabitants aged over 1 year from the fifteen villages throughout cheju-do (quelpart island). blood films from 2,139 persons were examined and 183(8.6 %) showed microfilariae, the incidences varying according to geographical sources are from 0.8 to 19.5 per cent. all the microfilariae found in this survey were of the nocturnal periodic brugia malayi. the microfilarial density was 1.9 per cent of blood. the age and sex distributions of microfilaria rate ... | 1965 | 12913587 |
| comparative studies on the biology and filarial susceptibility of selected blood-feeding and autogenous aedes togoi sub-colonies. | blood-feeding and autogenous sub-colonies were selected from a laboratory, stock colony of aedes togoi, which was originally collected from koh nom sao, chanthaburi province, southeast thailand. comparative biology and filarial susceptibility between the two sub-colonies (blood-feeding: f11, f13; autogeny: f38, f40) were investigated to evaluate their viability and vectorial capacity. the results of comparison on biology revealed intraspecific differences, i.e., the average egg deposition/gravid ... | 2003 | 12937758 |
| a review of the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of malayan and bancroftian filariasis in japan. | malayan filariasis is found in japan only on the small island of hachijo-koshima and is transmitted there by aëdes togoi and probably by culex pipiens pallens.bancroftian filariasis is widely distributed in the three main islands, and is of particularly high endemicity in the south. of the ten mosquito species proved experimentally susceptible to wuchereria bancrofti, only aëdes togoi and culex p. pallens seem to be responsible for transmission of the disease. the former species is of importance ... | 1962 | 13940117 |
| laboratory transmission of semliki forest virus by aedes togoi theo. | | 1960 | 14427965 |
| emodin isolated from cassia obtusifolia (leguminosae) seed shows larvicidal activity against three mosquito species. | mosquito larvicidal activity of cassia obtusifolia (leguminosae) seed-derived materials against the fourth-instar larvae of aedes aegypti, aedes togoi, and culex pipiens pallens was examined. the chloroform fraction of c. obtusifolia extract showed a strong larvicidal activity of 100% mortality at 25 mg/l. the biologically active component of c. obtusifolia seeds was characterized as emodin by spectroscopic analyses. the lc(50) values of emodin were 1.4, 1.9, and 2.2 mg/l against c. pipiens pall ... | 2003 | 14664519 |
| repellency of aromatic turmeric curcuma aromatica under laboratory and field conditions. | three curcuma species, curcuma aeruginosa (pink and blue ginger), cu. aromatica (aromatic turmeric), and cu. xanthorrhiza (giant curcuma), were selected for investigation of mosquito repellent activity. in a laboratory study, a 95% ethanol extract of each plant was tested for repellent activity of aedes togoi on human volunteers. only cu. aromatica extract showed repellency against ae. togoi with ed50 and ed95 values of 0.061 and 1.55 mg/cm2, respectively. it also provided biting protection for ... | 2003 | 14714673 |
| mosquito appetite for blood is stimulated by plasmodium chabaudi infections in themselves and their vertebrate hosts. | arthropod vectors of disease may encounter more than one infected host during the course of their lifetime. the consequences of super-infection to parasite development are rarely investigated, but may have substantial epidemiological and evolutionary consequences. | 2004 | 15151700 |
| hypersensitivity to forcipomyia taiwana (biting midge): clinical analysis and identification of major for t 1, for t 2 and for t 3 allergens. | forcipomyia taiwana is a tiny, blood-sucking midge that cause intense pruritus and swelling in sensitive individuals. it is distributed island-wide in rural taiwan and southern china. objective: this study aimed to study the allergic immune responses and identify f. taiwana allergens. | 2005 | 16266384 |
| mosquito larvicidal activity of active constituent derived from chamaecyparis obtusa leaves against 3 mosquito species. | mosqutio larvicidal activity of chamaecyparis obtusa leaf-derived materials against the 4th-stage larvae of aedes aegypti (l.), ochlerotatus togoi (theobald), and culex pipiens pallens (coquillett) was examined in the laboratory. a crude methanol extract of c. obtusa leaves was found to be active (percent mortality rough) against the 3 species larvae; the hexane fraction of the methanol extract showed a strong larvicidal activity (100% mortality) at 100 ppm. the bioactive component in the c. obt ... | 2005 | 16506565 |
| mosquitoes do senesce: departure from the paradigm of constant mortality. | although variation in mortality is considered by virtually all vector-borne disease specialists to be one of the most important determinants of an arthropod's capacity to transmit pathogens, the operational assumption often is that insect vector mortality is independent of age. acceptance of the non-senescence assumption leads to the erroneous conclusion that mosquito age is unimportant, results in misleading predictions regarding disease reductions after vector control, and represses study of o ... | 2007 | 17255238 |
| ecology of invasive mosquitoes: effects on resident species and on human health. | investigations of biological invasions focus on patterns and processes that are related to introduction, establishment, spread and impacts of introduced species. this review focuses on the ecological interactions operating during invasions by the most prominent group of insect vectors of disease, mosquitoes. first, we review characteristics of non-native mosquito species that have established viable populations, and those invasive species that have spread widely and had major impacts, testing wh ... | 2005 | 17637849 |
| larvicidal activity of kaempferia galanga rhizome phenylpropanoids towards three mosquito species. | this study was aimed at assessing the toxicity of ethyl cinnamate and ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (emc) identified in kaempferia galangal l. (zingiberaceae) rhizome and another 12 known compounds to third-instar larvae from laboratory-reared culex pipiens pallens forskal, aedes aegypti l. and ochlerotatus togoi theobald and field-collected c. pipiens pallens (jinhae colony). results were compared with those for fenthion and temephos. | 2008 | 18324612 |
| ecological study of avian malaria vectors on the island of minami-daito, japan. | the seasonal prevalence and spatial distribution of mosquitoes were examined as part of an avian malaria study on the oceanic island of minami-daito island, japan. because dry ice was not available in this study, yeast-generated co2 was used to attract biting mosquitoes. adult mosquitoes were collected biweekly using battery-operated traps enhanced with yeast-generated co2 and a gravid trap from march 2006 to february 2007. the co2-baited traps were distributed in 4 different habitats: sugar can ... | 2009 | 19852217 |
| fifty years of the korean society for parasitology. | in 1959, the korean society for parasitology was founded by clinical scientists, specialists of public health, and 5 core parasitologists with experience in american science and medicine. the society this year celebrates its 50th anniversary. due to public health importance at the time of foundation, medical parasitology was the main stream for next 3 decades. domestic problems of niche parasitic diseases, unlisted in 6 tropical diseases of major importance, had been studied by own efforts. to c ... | 2009 | 19885338 |
| larvicidal activity of compounds isolated from asarum heterotropoides against culex pipiens pallens, aedes aegypti, and ochlerotatus togoi (diptera: culicidae). | the toxicity of several compounds isolated from asarum heterotropoides root steam distillate to third-instar larvae of culex pipiens pallens coquillett, aedes aegypti (l.), and ochlerotatus togoi theobald was examined using a direct contact mortality bioassay. safrole was the most toxic constituent to cx. p. pallens and ae. aegypti larvae, whereas terpinolene was most toxic to oc. togoi. however, lc50 values of these three mosquito larvae to both essential oils as well as the remainder of the 26 ... | 2009 | 19960690 |
| successful control of lymphatic filariasis in the republic of korea. | a successful experience of lymphatic filariasis control in the republic of korea is briefly reviewed. filariasis in the republic of korea was exclusively caused by infection with brugia malayi. over the past several decades from the 1950s to 2006, many investigators exerted their efforts to detection, treatment, and follow-up of filariasis patients in endemic areas, and to control filariasis. mass, combined with selective, treatments with diethylcarbamazine to microfilaria positive persons had b ... | 2009 | 19967079 |
| a case of hypersensitivity to mosquito bite associated with epstein-barr viral infection and natural killer cell lymphocytosis. | hypersensitivity to mosquito bites (hmb) is a disorder characterized by a necrotic skin reaction and generalized symptoms subsequent to mosquito bites. it has been suggested that hmb is associated with chronic epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection and natural killer cell leukemia/lymphoma. we describe here a korean child who had hmb associated with chronic ebv infection and natural killer cell lymphocytosis. a 5-yr-old boy was suffered from necrotic skin lesions on the right ear lobe. type a eb vir ... | 2010 | 20119592 |
| mosquito transcriptome profiles and filarial worm susceptibility in armigeres subalbatus. | armigeres subalbatus is a natural vector of the filarial worm brugia pahangi, but it kills brugia malayi microfilariae by melanotic encapsulation. because b. malayi and b. pahangi are morphologically and biologically similar, comparing ar. subalbatus-b. pahangi susceptibility and ar. subalbatus-b. malayi refractoriness could provide significant insight into recognition mechanisms required to mount an effective anti-filarial worm immune response in the mosquito, as well as provide considerable de ... | 2010 | 20421927 |
| the epidemiology and treatment of infection due to brugia malayi. | the author reviews the distribution, epidemiology, and treatment of filarial infection due to brugia malayi, with special reference to malaya. b. malayi infection in man is confined to the far east between longitudes 75 degrees e and 140 degrees e and is essentially rural. the chief vectors are mansonia spp., anopheles hyrcanus group, a. barbirostris group, and aëdes togoi. the epidemiological picture is complicated by the fact that b. malayi and other closely related species have now been found ... | 1962 | 20604131 |
| larvicidal activity of asarum heterotropoides root constituents against insecticide-susceptible and -resistant culex pipiens pallens and aedes aegypti and ochlerotatus togoi. | we investigated the toxicity of (-)-asarinin, α-asarone, methyleugenol, pellitorine, and pentadecane identified in asarum heterotropoides root to third instar larvae from insecticide-susceptible culex pipiens pallens (ks-cp strain), aedes aegypti, and ochlerotatus togoi as well as field-collected c. p. pallens (dj-cp colony), identified by polymerase chain reaction. results were compared with those of two conventional mosquito larvicides: fenthion and temephos. pellitorine (lc50, 2.08, 2.33, and ... | 2010 | 20806890 |
| the 6th meeting of the global alliance to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: a half-time review of lymphatic filariasis elimination and its integration with the control of other neglected tropical diseases. | abstract: the 6th meeting of the global alliance to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (gaelf6) was held 1-3 june, 2010 in seoul, korea, with 150 participants from 38 countries. the year 2010 marks the midpoint between the first gaelf meeting, in 2000, and the world health organization (who) 2020 goal of global elimination of lymphatic filariasis (lf) as a public health problem. the theme of the meeting, "half-time in lf elimination: teaming up with neglected tropical diseases (ntds)," reflected sig ... | 2010 | 20961435 |
| seasonal prevalence of mosquitoes, including vectors of brugian filariasis, in southern islands of the republic of korea. | a survey of mosquitoes, including the vector status of brugia malayi filariasis and their relative larval density, was conducted from 2002 to 2005 at several southern remote islands of jeollanam-do (province), gyeongsangnam-do, and jeju-do, korea, where filariasis was previously endemic. overall, a total of 9 species belonging to 7 genera were collected. ochlerotatus togoi (formerly known as aedes togoi), anopheles (hyrcanus) group, and culex pipiens were the predominant species captured at all ... | 2011 | 21461270 |
| larval development of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in peri-urban brackish water and its implications for transmission of arboviral diseases. | aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and aedes albopictus skuse mosquitoes transmit serious human arboviral diseases including yellow fever, dengue and chikungunya in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. females of the two species have adapted to undergo preimaginal development in natural or artificial collections of freshwater near human habitations and feed on human blood. while there is an effective vaccine against yellow fever, the control of dengue and chikungunya is mainly dependent on reducing f ... | 2011 | 22132243 |
| inheritance of glucosephosphate isomerase in aedes togoi. | two isozymes of glucosephosphate isomerase (gpi:e.c. 5.3.1.9.) were observed in the mosquito aedes togoi by means of agar gel electrophoresis. the locus (gpi-1) controlling the more anodally migrated isozyme (gpi-1) was located on linkage group 1 (sex chromosome) of this species; the gene arrangement being gpi-1--(18.2 map units)--to-2 (tetrazolium oxidase-2)--(27.3 map units)--m/m(sex)--(about 40 map units, as estimated by previous studies)--s (straw-colored larva). linkage homologies concernin ... | 2012 | 3507529 |
| ultrastructure of anal papillae from a seawater mosquito larva (aedes togoi theobald). | | 2015 | 4696083 |
| genetic mapping of a phosphoglucomutase locus in aedes togoi. | an electrophoretic survey of the phosphoglucomutase (pgm) enzyme was performed using agar gels in 6 strains (3 japanese strains and 3 strains from taiwan, thailand and canada) of aedes togoi. the survey revealed at least 3 alleles involved at the pgm locus among the 6 strains examined. backcross experiments showed that the pgm locus was located on the sex chromosome in the following order: odh (octanol dehydrogenase)--m(sex)--(13.8 map units)--pgm--(17.0 map units)--h(hooked leg)--s(straw-colore ... | 2010 | 2976809 |
| chikungunya virus-vector interactions. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes chikungunya fever, a severe, debilitating disease that often produces chronic arthralgia. since 2004, chikv has emerged in africa, indian ocean islands, asia, europe, and the americas, causing millions of human infections. central to understanding chikv emergence is knowledge of the natural ecology of transmission and vector infection dynamics. this review presents current understanding of chikv infection dynamics in mosquito v ... | 2014 | 25421891 |
| susceptibility of eight species members in the anopheles hyrcanus group to nocturnally subperiodic brugia malayi. | filariasis, caused by brugia malayi, is a public health problem in thailand. currently, at least two locations in southern thailand are reported to be active endemic areas. two and four mansonia species are primary and secondary vectors, respectively, of the nocturnally subperiodic race, whereas, coquillettidia crassipes is a vector of the diurnally subperiodic race. although several anopheles species have been incriminated extensively as natural and/or suspected vectors of b. malayi, little is ... | 2013 | 23289957 |
| comparison of the functional features of the pump organs of anopheles sinensis and aedes togoi. | mosquitoes act as vectors for severe tropical diseases. mosquito-borne diseases are affected by various factors such as environmental conditions, host body susceptibility, and mosquito feeding behavior. among these factors, feeding behavior is affected by the feeding pump system located inside the mosquito head and also depends on the species of mosquito. therefore, the 3d morphological structures of the feeding pumps of aedes togoi and anopheles sinensis were comparatively investigated using sy ... | 2015 | 26464043 |
| phylogeography of the coastal mosquito aedes togoi across climatic zones: testing an anthropogenic dispersal hypothesis. | the coastal mosquito aedes togoi occurs more or less continuously from subarctic to subtropic zones along the coasts of the japanese islands and the east asian mainland. it occurs also in tropical southeast asia and the north american pacific coast, and the populations there are thought to have been introduced from japan by ship. to test this hypothesis, the genetic divergence among geographic populations of a. togoi was studied using one mitochondrial and three nuclear gene sequences. we detect ... | 2015 | 26107619 |
| peculiar liquid-feeding and pathogen transmission behavior of aedes togoi and comparison with anopheles sinensis. | female mosquitoes transmit various diseases as vectors during liquid-feeding. identifying the determinants of vector efficiency is a major scientific challenge in establishing strategies against these diseases. infection rate and transmission efficiency are interconnected with the mosquito-induced liquid-feeding flow as main indexes of vector efficiency. however, the relationship between liquid-feeding characteristics and pathogen remains poorly understood. the liquid-feeding behavior of aedes t ... | 2016 | 26839008 |
| vertical transmission of zika virus in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | previous experimental studies have demonstrated that a number of mosquito-borne flavivirus pathogens are vertically transmitted in their insect vectors, providing a mechanism for these arboviruses to persist during adverse climatic conditions or in the absence of a susceptible vertebrate host. in this study, designed to test whether zika virus (zikv) could be vertically transmitted, female aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus were injected with zikv, and their f1 adult progeny were tested for zikv ... | 2016 | 27573623 |
| quantitative trait loci determining autogeny and body size in the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus). | the majority of mosquito species require a blood meal to stimulate vitellogenesis and subsequent oviposition (anautogeny), but some autogenous individuals complete their first ovarian cycle without a blood meal. autogeny may be facultative or obligatory. in this study, we selected for an autogenous strain in the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus and examined an f(1) intercross population for quantitative trait loci (qtl) determining the autogeny trait as well as wing length as a proxy for bo ... | 2008 | 18461085 |
| draft genome of brugia pahangi: high similarity between b. pahangi and b. malayi. | efforts to completely eradicate lymphatic filariasis from human population may be challenged by the emergence of brugia pahangi as another zoonotic lymphatic filarial nematode. in this report, a genomic study was conducted to understand this species at molecular level. | 2015 | 26350613 |
| salivary glands proteins expression of anopheles dirus a fed on plasmodium vivax- and plasmodium falciparum-infected human blood. | mosquitoes are able to adapt to feed on blood by the salivary glands which created a protein that works against the haemostasis process. this study aims to investigate the salivary glands proteins expression of 50 adult female an. dirus a mosquitoes, a main vector of malaria in thailand, each group with an age of 5 days which were artificial membrane fed on sugar, normal blood, blood infected with p. vivax, and blood infected with p. falciparum. then mosquito salivary gland proteins were analyze ... | 2013 | 23956841 |
| surveillance and vector control of lymphatic filariasis in the republic of korea. | until the early 2000s, lymphatic filariasis would commonly break out in the coastal areas in korea. through steady efforts combining investigation and treatment, filariasis was officially declared eradicated in 2008. this study surveyed the density of vector species of filariasis in past endemic areas, and inspected filariasis dna from collected mosquitoes for protection against the reemergence of filariasis. | 0 | 24159506 |
| vector mosquitoes of filariasis in japan. | | 0 | 22028600 |
| brugian filariasis in japan. | | 0 | 22028598 |
| lymphatic filariasis and its control in japan -the background of success-. | | 0 | 22028596 |