| atmospheric pollen counts in tehran, iran, 1974. | daily pollen counts were made in tehran by placing a durham sampler on the roof of the college of pharmacy building at the university of tehran. three pollen seasons were identified in tehran. tree season extended from the first week of february through the middle of october. important pollens of tree season were willow, cedar, sycamore, pine, alder, walnuts, elm, cottonwood, oak and/or maple, birch, and beech. the grass season started from the first week of may and extended into the second week ... | 1976 | 967514 |
| use of standardized and conventional allergen extracts in prick skin testing. | this study examined whether commercially available conventional and standardized allergen extracts differ enough in potency to affect routine prick skin test results. extracts of white oak, timothy, bermuda, russian thistle, short ragweed, sagebrush, alternaria, and cat dander were examined in allergic patients and in nonatopic subjects with no personal or family history of asthma, rhinitis, or eczema. conventional nonstandardized extracts (1:10 or 1:20 wt/vol) from two sources were compared wit ... | 1992 | 1545087 |
| effect of level of intake and supplemental barley on marker estimates of fecal output using an intraruminal continuous-release chromic oxide bolus. | sixty wethers (average bw = 45 kg) fitted with fecal collection bags were used in four experiments to evaluate the ability of a intraruminal continuous-release chromic oxide bolus to predict fecal dm output. in exp. 1, 18 wethers housed in metabolism crates were fed barley at either 0, 100, or 200g/d and allowed ad libitum consumption of alfalfa pellets. in exp. 2, 18 wethers were housed in metabolism crates and fed alfalfa pellets at either 70, 85, or 125% of pre-study ad libitum consumption. i ... | 1991 | 2071530 |
| larval nematodes (ascarops sp.) in stomach granulomas of the sagebrush lizard, sceloporus graciosus. | wild populations of the sagebrush lizard (sceloporus graciosus) are reported as paratenic hosts for third stage larvae of ascarops sp. larvae were found in stomach submucosal granulomas which averaged 350 microns in diameter and consisted of histiocytes and layers of fibrocytes. prevalence of infection was 16% (27 of 170 infected); mean intensity was 3 (1 to 8 nematodes/host). prevalence was significantly higher in male than female lizards. | 1989 | 2810566 |
| compositae dermatitis in childhood. | compositae dermatitis occurred in a 9-year-old boy with a strong personal and family history of atopy. positive patch test reactions were 2+ for dandelion (taraxacum officinale), false ragweed (ambrosia acanthicarpa), giant ragweed (ambrosia trifida), short ragweed (ambrosia artemisifolia), sagebrush (artemisia tridentata), wild feverfew (parthenium hysterophorus), yarrow (achillea millifolium), and tansy (tanacetum vulgare) and 1+ for dahlia species and english ivy (hedera helix). patch tests w ... | 1987 | 3827282 |
| antibacterial action of essential oils of artemisia as an ecological factor. i. antibacterial action of the volatile oils of artemisia tridentata and artemisia nova on aerobic bacteria. | bacterial response to increasing amounts of the volatile oils varies significantly according to species of bacteria tested. among the four species examined, escherichia coli was the most resistant to the oils, followed by neisseria sicca, bacillus subtilis, and staphylococcus aureus. the oils of artemisia tridentata seem to have the same degree of antibacterial action as oils obtained from a. nova. | 1967 | 4963443 |
| comparison of rumen microbial inhibition resulting from various essential oils isolated from relatively unpalatable plant species. | essential oils were isolated from eight plant species which were relatively unpalatable to sheep and deer. the inhibitory potency of these essential oils upon sheep and deer rumen microorganisms was compared, in terms of total gas and volatile fatty acid (vfa) production, by use of an anaerobic manometric technique. inhibitory effects of oils from the eight plant species may be placed in four groups: (i) essential oils from vinegar weed (trichostema lanceoletum) and california bay (umbellularia ... | 1968 | 5636470 |
| deposition and retention of 141ce and 134cs aerosols on cool desert vegetation. | deposition velocities and retention times were obtained for submicron aerosols of 141ce and 13l4cs deposited on two cool desert plant species, big sagebrush (artemisia tridentata) and bottlebrush grass (sitanion hystrix). mean deposition velocities for sagebrush were 0.18 cm/s (141ce) and 0.13 cm/s (134cs). mean deposition velocities for grass were 0.022 (141ce) and 0.023 cm/s (134cs). species differences were significant (p less than 0.05), however, nuclide differences were not significant. the ... | 1983 | 6841091 |
| toxicologic aspects of photosensitization in livestock. | two types of plant-caused photosensitizations are recognized in livestock: 1) primary, wherein the phototoxic agent in the plant is ingested and reaches the skin chemically unchanged; and 2) secondary, wherein the phototoxic agent in the porphyrin phylloerythrin produced by chlorophyll degradation in ruminant stomachs. phylloerythrin is normally excreted in bile but is allowed to reach the skin when hepatic damage interferes with the phylloerythrin-excreting mechanism. primary photosensitizing ... | 1982 | 6954315 |
| effect of diet on the shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 in a sheep model. | the purpose of this study was to develop a sheep model to investigate reproduction, transmission, and shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ruminants. in addition, we investigated the effect of diet change on these parameters. six groups of twin lambs given oral inoculations of 10(5) or 10(9) cfu of e. coli o157:h7 and their nondosed mothers were monitored for colonization by culture of fecal samples. a modified selective-enrichment protocol that detected e. coli o157:h7 at levels as low as 0. ... | 1995 | 7747956 |
| antifungal screening of medicinal plants of british columbian native peoples. | one hundred methanolic plant extracts were screened for antifungal activity against 9 fungal species. eighty-one were found to have some antifungal activity and 30 extracts showed activity against 4 or more of the fungi assayed. the extracts with the greatest fungal inhibition were prepared from alnus rubra catkins, artemisia ludoviciana aerial parts, artemisia tridentata aerial parts, geum macrophyllum roots, mahonia aquifolium roots and moneses uniflora aerial parts. in addition to these, extr ... | 1994 | 7898123 |
| cow weights and reproduction on native rangeland and native rangeland-complementary forage systems. | replicated cow herds of 15 angus x hereford (ah) and 15 brahman x hereford (bh) f1 cows each were placed on native rangeland (nr) or native rangeland-complementary forage (nrcf) systems. the nr was 8.1 ha of sagebrush-mixed prairie per cow-calf unit and the nrcf used the same mixed prairie complemented by .4 ha of double-cropped winter wheat and summer annual forage replacing about 30% of the mixed prairie for each cow unit. calving seasons, spring for nr and fall for nrcf, were selected to comp ... | 1993 | 8349498 |
| the effects of different methods of estimating fecal output on plasma cortisol, fecal output, forage intake, and weight change in free-ranging and confined wethers. | thirty-four white-face wethers (avg bw 56 kg) were used in two experiments to investigate differences in plasma cortisol, forage intake, fecal output, and bw change associated with two methods of estimating fecal output. the methods were fecal collection bags (b) and marker estimates of fecal output (u). a control treatment (c) was included in each experiment in which wethers were not bagged or dosed with the marker. experiment 1 was conducted with wethers grazing dormant sagebrush-bunchgrass ra ... | 1993 | 8463148 |
| uncertainty of historical measurements of 131i in hanford-area vegetation. | the hanford environmental dose reconstruction (hedr) project was conducted to estimate the radiation dose that individuals could have received as a result of emissions to the air and water from hanford site operations since 1944. the largest doses were to the human thyroid gland from 131i released into the atmosphere from hanford facilities in the 1945-1947 time period. in support of the dose reconstruction effort, a database of historical environmental radioactivity measurements was constructed ... | 1996 | 8567282 |
| hantavirus in montana deer mouse populations: preliminary results. | dynamics of small mammal populations and the prevalence of antibodies for hantavirus were determined in six locations in central and western montana (usa). eighteen live-trapping grids were trapped monthly from june through september 1994. deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) populations ranged from 0 to over 90 on one-hectare grids. our bleeding technique had no apparent effect on survival of deer mice. deer mice, meadow voles (microtus pennsylvanicus), and sagebrush voles (lagurus curtatus) wer ... | 1996 | 8827681 |
| effect of selection for lifetime production of lamb weaned on hormonal factors that affect growth in targhee ewes and lambs. | targhee ewes (n = 22, average age 5 yr) rearing twin lambs were used to investigate serum growth hormone (gh), igf-i, triiodothyronine (t3), thyroxine (t4), and prolactin (prl; ewes only) concentrations associated with selection pressure for lifetime production of kilograms of lamb weaned per ewe. period 1 started on d 4 after birth and was conducted in confinement. periods 2, 3, and 4 were conducted on fenced intermountain sagebrush-bunchgrass range starting at an average of 49, 84, and 112 d a ... | 1996 | 8880417 |
| effects of tracking by armored vehicles on townsend's ground squirrels in the orchard training area, idaho, usa | / maintaining raptor populations is a primary objective of the legislation that designates the snake river birds of prey national conservation area. army training activities could influence habitat quality for raptors by changing the density, productivity, or behavior of their townsend's ground squirrel (spermophilus townsendii) prey. these changes could occur directly or as a result of changes in the vegetation available as food and cover for the ground squirrels. we assessed the effects of lon ... | 1998 | 9582397 |
| host-plant diversity of the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis: what value for sustainable transgenic insecticidal bt maize? | the strategies proposed for delaying the development of resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis toxins produced by transgenic maize require high levels of gene flow between individuals feeding on transgenic and refuge plants. the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) may be found on several host plants, which may act as natural refuges. the genetic variability of samples collected on sagebrush (artemisia sp.), hop (humulus lupulus l.) and maize (zea mays l.) was studied by comparing t ... | 2000 | 10902683 |
| [the spread of hantaviruses in western siberia]. | studies made in west siberia established the existence of at least 4 hantavirus types: puumala, tula, topografov, and dobrava/belgrade. the authors detected puumala virus genovariants in voles, tula virus in sagebrush and narrow-skulled voles, and topografov virus in siberian lemmings. the etiological role of the hantavirus dobrada/belgrade was defined in the structure of morbidity of hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome. in russia, hantaviruses were first detected in mites: a hantavirus an ... | 2000 | 10981407 |
| genetic and phenotypic parameters for dietary selection of mountain big sagebrush (artemisia tridentata nutt. ssp. vaseyana. | the heritability of diet selection for mountain big sagebrush (artemisia tridentata nutt. ssp. vaseyana [rydb] beetle) by grazing sheep was estimated from fecal samples collected from 549 rambouillet ewes. fecal samples were collected in september and october during 1996 and 1997 from free-grazing ewes on intermountain sagebrush-bunchgrass rangelands at the u.s. sheep experiment station in idaho. the total number of fecal samples was 1,949. fecal samples were evaluated for composition of big sag ... | 2001 | 11219459 |
| sampling for sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) among prairie dog colonies on ranches with histories of vesicular stomatitis in new mexico and colorado. | the possible presence of sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) among colonies of gunnison's prairie dogs, cynomys gunnisoni baird, was investigated on or near ranches with histories of vesicular stomatitis (vs) in domestic livestock in the mid-rio grande river valley, nm, and west-slope region of colorado. sampling was conducted at six locations, three in each region, using three methods: standard down-draft suction/light traps, up-draft suction/light traps (both supplemented with co2), and burrow-e ... | 2002 | 12144304 |
| influence of macronutrients and activated charcoal on intake of sagebrush by sheep and goats. | we determined if supplemental macronutrients or activated charcoal influenced intake of sagebrush, a shrub that contains terpenes. sheep (lambs 3 mo age, 33 kg) and goats (kids 5 mo age, 28 kg) were fed supplements high in energy, high in protein, or offered a choice between the two supplements before and after receiving sagebrush for 4 h/d. the effect of activated charcoal, a compound that reduces bioavailability of toxins, was assessed by offering charcoal mixed with a carrier or the carrier a ... | 2002 | 12211378 |
| antifungal leaf-surface metabolites correlate with fungal abundance in sagebrush populations. | a central component in understanding plant-enemy interactions is to determine whether plant enemies, such as herbivores and pathogens, mediate the evolution of plant secondary metabolites. using 26 populations of a broadly distributed plant species, sagebrush (artemisia tridentata), we examined whether sagebrush populations in habitats with a greater prevalence of fungi contained antifungal secondary metabolites on leaf surfaces that were more active and diverse than sagebrush populations in hab ... | 2002 | 12523559 |
| methyl jasmonate as an allelopathic agent: sagebrush inhibits germination of a neighboring tobacco, nicotiana attenuata. | artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata is the dominant and defining shrub in the great basin desert, with well-documented allelopathic tendencies that have generally been ascribed to its most abundantly released secondary metabolites. however, as a minor component, sagebrush releases a highly biologically active substance, methyljasmonate (meja), which is known to function as both a germination inhibitor and promoter in laboratory studies. nicotiana attenuata is a tobacco species native to the gre ... | 2002 | 12523573 |
| puccinia tanaceti: specialist or generalist? | rust is reported for the first time in north america on tansy (tanacetum vulgare), a widespread and invasive eurasian plant that was introduced into north america in the 17th century. morphologically, the rust fungus corresponds exactly to gäumann's description of puccinia tanaceti, and to european specimens of p. tanaceti on t. vulgare. an inoculation study confirmed the narrow host specialization of p. tanaceti that gäumann described, in that t. vulgare was successfully inoculated whereas four ... | 2003 | 12967206 |
| actinobacterial chitinase-like enzymes: profiles of rhizosphere versus non-rhizosphere isolates. | the objective of this study was to determine if antifungal actinomycetes isolated from rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils exhibit different chitinase-like production and (or) induction patterns. selected isolates from both habitats were compared. chitinase-like levels and isoform characteristic patterns were evaluated over time in culture fluids of isolates grown on media containing different combinations of colloidal chitin and fungal cell wall (fcw) preparation. supernatants were also subje ... | 2003 | 14735218 |
| measuring plant diversity in the tall threetip sagebrush steppe: influence of previous grazing management practices. | in july 2000, a 490-ha wildfire burned a portion of a long-term grazing study that had been established in 1924 at the us sheep experiment station north of dubois, idaho, usa. earlier vegetation measurements in this tall threetip sagebrush (artemisia tripartita spp. tripartita) bunchgrass plant community documented significant changes in vegetation due to grazing and the timing of grazing by sheep. a study was initiated in may 2001 using 12 multiscale modified whittaker plots to determine the co ... | 2003 | 14753648 |
| chromatographic analysis of sagebrush monoterpenes in blood plasma. | an analytical method is required for the analysis of monoterpenes in animal plasma to support a pharmacokinetic study. monoterpenes common to sagebrush are extracted from sheep plasma by employing solid-phase extraction (spe), followed by analysis of the extracts by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. the analytes are quantitated versus an external standard and by comparison with a surrogate standard added to the sample prior to extraction. in addition to comparing the two quanti ... | 2004 | 15189596 |
| studies on the microbial populations of the rhizosphere of big sagebrush ( artemisia tridentata). | prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has led to the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens, both in medicine and in agriculture. new threats such as biological warfare have increased the need for novel and efficacious antimicrobial agents. natural habitats not previously examined as sources of novel antibiotic-producing microorganisms still exist. one such habitat is the rhizosphere of desert shrubs. here, we show that one desert shrub habitat, the rhizosphere of desert big sagebrush ( art ... | 2004 | 15221668 |
| issr and aflp analysis of the temporal and spatial population structure of the post-fire annual, nicotiana attenuata, in sw utah. | the native annual tobacco, nicotiana attenuata, is found primarily in large ephemeral populations (typically for less than 3 growing seasons) after fires in sagebrush and pinyon-juniper ecosystems and in small persistent populations (for many growing seasons) in isolated washes typically along roadsides throughout the great basin desert of the sw usa. this distribution pattern is due to its unusual germination behavior. ephemeral populations are produced by the germination of dormant seeds from ... | 2004 | 15350209 |
| plant-plant signaling: application of trans- or cis-methyl jasmonate equivalent to sagebrush releases does not elicit direct defenses in native tobacco. | nicotiana attenuata plants growing in close proximity to damaged sagebrush (artemisia tridentata ssp. tridentata) suffer less herbivory than plants near undamaged sagebrush. sagebrush constitutively releases methyl jasmonate (meja), a compound that when applied directly to n. attenuata, elicits herbivore resistance and the direct defense traits [protease inhibitors (pis), nicotine]. damage increases the release of volatile meja, primarily in the cis epimer, suggesting that cis-meja may mediate t ... | 2004 | 15672665 |
| foraging in chemically diverse environments: energy, protein, and alternative foods influence ingestion of plant secondary metabolites by lambs. | interactions among nutrients and plant secondary metabolites (psm) may influence how herbivores mix their diets and use food resources. we determined intake of a food containing a mix of terpenoids identified in sagebrush (artemisia tridentata) when present in isoenergetic diets of increasing concentrations of protein (6, 9, 15, or 21% cp) or in isonitrogenous diets of increasing concentrations of energy (2.17, 2.55, 3.30, or 3.53 mcal/kg). lambs were offered choices between those diets with or ... | 2005 | 15839485 |
| gis-facilitated spatial epidemiology of tick-borne diseases in coyotes (canis latrans) in northern and coastal california. | ixodes pacificus is the main tick vector for transmission of anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi to large vertebrates in california. the present study was undertaken in i. pacificus-infested counties in california to examine spatial and temporal relationships among a. phagocytophilum and b. burgdorferi-exposed coyotes with vegetation type and climate. the overall a. phagocytophilum and b. burgdorferi seroprevalences were 39.5% (n=215) and 18.9% (n=148), respectively, with no assoc ... | 2005 | 15857659 |
| green tea and the skin. | plant extracts have been widely used as topical applications for wound-healing, anti-aging, and disease treatments. examples of these include ginkgo biloba, echinacea, ginseng, grape seed, green tea, lemon, lavender, rosemary, thuja, sarsaparilla, soy, prickly pear, sagebrush, jojoba, aloe vera, allantoin, feverwort, bloodroot, apache plume, and papaya. these plants share a common character: they all produce flavonoid compounds with phenolic structures. these phytochemicals are highly reactive w ... | 2005 | 15928624 |
| antifungal activities of actinomycete strains associated with high-altitude sagebrush rhizosphere. | the antifungal-producing potential of actinomycete populations from the rhizosphere of low-altitude sagebrush, artemisia tridentata, has been examined. in a continued investigation of new sources of antifungal-producing microorganisms, this study examined the antifungal-producing potential of actinomycetes from the rhizosphere of high-altitude a. tridentata. with high-altitude sagebrush, rhizosphere soil actinomycete numbers were one to four orders of magnitude higher than those found in nonrhiz ... | 2005 | 16044290 |
| fire and grazing effects on wind erosion, soil water content, and soil temperature. | selective grazing of burned patches can be intense if animal distribution is not controlled and may compound the independent effects of fire and grazing on soil characteristics. our objectives were to quantify the effects of patch burning and grazing on wind erosion, soil water content, and soil temperature in sand sagebrush (artemisia filifolia torr.) mixed prairie. we selected 24, 4-ha plots near woodward, ok. four plots were burned during autumn (mid-november) and four during spring (mid-apri ... | 2005 | 16091608 |
| priming of plant defense responses in nature by airborne signaling between artemisia tridentata and nicotiana attenuata. | plants release volatile organic compounds (vocs) in response to wounding and herbivore attack, some of which trigger responses in neighboring unattacked plants in the laboratory under conditions that are not likely to occur in the real world. whether plants 'eavesdrop' on the volatile emissions of their neighbors in nature is not known. the best documented field study of between-species signaling via above-ground vocs involves increases in fitness parameters of native tobacco (nicotiana attenuat ... | 2006 | 16463175 |
| measuring plant cover in sagebrush steppe rangelands: a comparison of methods. | methods that are more cost-effective and objective are needed to detect important vegetation change within acceptable error rates. the objective of this research was to compare visual estimation to three new methods for determining vegetation cover in the sagebrush steppe. fourteen management units at the us sheep experiment station were identified for study. in each unit, 20 data collection points were selected for measuring plant cover using visual estimation, laser-point frame (lpf), 2 m abov ... | 2006 | 16485162 |
| short- and longer-term effects of fire and herbivory on sagebrush communities in south-central montana. | to better understand the role of herbivory and fire as potential disturbance processes in sagebrush communities, we examined responses of a grazing ungulate, elk (cervus elaphus), following prescribed burning of sagebrush (artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana) in south-central montana (usa.) with concurrent monitoring of changes in plant production, nutritional quality, and community diversity from 1989-1999. burning transformed low-diversity, sagebrush-dominated communities into high-diversity, g ... | 2006 | 16736297 |
| terpenes and carbohydrate source influence rumen fermentation, digestibility, intake, and preference in sheep. | we hypothesized that toxins and nutrients in foods interact to influence foraging behavior by herbivores. based on this hypothesis we predicted that 1) terpenes in big sagebrush (artemisia tridentata) influence intake and preference in sheep for diets varying in sources of nonstructural (barley grain) and structural (sugar beet pulp) carbohydrates, and 2) these effects are due to the differential effects of terpenes on fermentation products and apparent digestibility of each class of carbohydrat ... | 2006 | 16908651 |
| factors contributing to process variance in annual survival of female greater sage-grouse in montana. | populations of greater sage-grouse (centrocercus urophasianus) have declined by 69-99% from historic levels, and information on population dynamics of these birds at a landscape scale is essential to informed management. we examined the relationships between hen survival and a suite of landscape-scale habitat and environmental conditions. we radio-marked 237 female sage-grouse and measured 426 vegetation plots during 2001-2004 at four sites in a 3200-km2 landscape in north-central montana, usa. ... | 2006 | 16937816 |
| nutritional requirements and diet choices of the pygmy rabbit (brachylagus idahoensis): a sagebrush specialist. | sagebrush (artemisia tridentata) comprises up to 99% of the winter and 50% of the summer diets of pygmy rabbits (brachylagus idahoensis). few animals specialize on such plants as sagebrush, which contain high levels of plant chemicals that can be toxic. we investigated the nutritional requirements of pygmy rabbits and their ability and propensity to consume sagebrush alone and as part of a mixed diet. we compared diet choices of pygmy rabbits with that of a generalist forager, the eastern cotton ... | 2006 | 17082988 |
| farnesyl diphosphate synthase: the art of compromise between substrate selectivity and stereoselectivity. | farnesyl diphosphate (fpp) synthase catalyzes the consecutive head-to-tail condensations of isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp, c5) with dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmapp, c5) and geranyl diphosphate (gpp, c10) to give (e,e)-fpp (c15). the enzyme belongs to a genetically distinct family of chain elongation enzymes that install e-double bonds during each addition of a five-carbon isoprene unit. analysis of the c10 and c15 products from incubations with avian fpp synthase reveals that small amounts of ne ... | 2006 | 17147392 |
| changes in sin nombre virus antibody prevalence in deer mice across seasons: the interaction between habitat, sex, and infection in deer mice. | we examined the impact of season and habitat on sin nombre virus (snv) seroprevalence in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) in utah's great basin desert from may 2002 through summer 2003. low mouse captures in 2002 limited analysis for that year. in two seasons during 2003, mouse density and sagebrush cover were positively linked (spring: r = 0.8, p = 0.01; summer: r = 0.8, p = 0.04). in the spring, seroprevalence was negatively correlated with density (r = -0.9, p< 0.01); male and female antibo ... | 2006 | 17255449 |
| large herbivores in sagebrush steppe ecosystems: livestock and wild ungulates influence structure and function. | improving understanding of the connections between vegetation, herbivory, and ecosystem function offers a fundamental challenge in contemporary terrestrial ecology. using exclosures constructed during the late 1950s, we examined effects of grazing by wild and domestic herbivores on plant community structure, aboveground herbaceous primary production, and nutrient cycling at six sites in semi-arid, sagebrush rangelands during 2001-2002 in colorado, usa. enclosures provided three treatments: no gr ... | 2007 | 17375334 |
| effects of enhanced uv-b radiation on plant chemistry: nutritional consequences for a specialist and generalist lagomorph. | ultraviolet-b (uv-b) radiation has been increasing in temperate latitudes in recent decades and is expected to continue rising for some time. enhanced uv-b radiation can change plant chemistry, yet the effects of these changes on mammalian herbivores are unknown. to examine the influence of enhanced uv-b radiation on nutrition of a specialist and generalist hindgut fermenter, we measured nutritional and chemical constituents of three common north american range plants, big sagebrush (artemisia t ... | 2007 | 17406969 |
| linking occurrence and fitness to persistence: habitat-based approach for endangered greater sage-grouse. | detailed empirical models predicting both species occurrence and fitness across a landscape are necessary to understand processes related to population persistence. failure to consider both occurrence and fitness may result in incorrect assessments of habitat importance leading to inappropriate management strategies. we took a two-stage approach to identifying critical nesting and brood-rearing habitat for the endangered greater sage-grouse (centrocercus urophasianus) in alberta at a landscape s ... | 2007 | 17489256 |
| enclosed bark as a pollen trap. | counts were made of pollen in traps formed by enclosed bark in two remnants of bristlecone pine, pinus aristata engelm., from the white mountains of east-central california. the traps, dated by tree-rings at a.d. 350 and 1300 b.c., contained a major complex of pine-sagebrush pollen and traces of other species, representing the equivalent of the present vegetation. | 1967 | 17770429 |
| irruptive population dynamics in yellowstone pronghorn. | irruptive population dynamics appear to be widespread in large herbivore populations, but there are few empirical examples from long time series with small measurement error and minimal harvests. we analyzed an 89-year time series of counts and known removals for pronghorn (antilocapra americana) in yellowstone national park of the western united states during 1918-2006 using a suite of density-dependent, density-independent, and irruptive models to determine if the population exhibited irruptiv ... | 2007 | 17913126 |
| west nile virus and greater sage-grouse: estimating infection rate in a wild bird population. | understanding impacts of disease on wild bird populations requires knowing not only mortality rate following infection, but also the proportion of the population that is infected. greater sage-grouse (centrocercus urophasianus) in western north america are known to have a high mortality rate following infection with west nile virus (wnv), but actual infection rates in wild populations remain unknown. we used rates of wnv-related mortality and seroprevalence from radiomarked females to estimate i ... | 2007 | 17992928 |
| indicators for elevated risk of human exposure to host-seeking adults of the rocky mountain wood tick (dermacentor andersoni) in colorado. | the human-biting adult stage of the rocky mountain wood tick (dermacentor andersoni) can cause tick paralysis in humans and domestic animals and is the primary tick vector in the intermountain west of the pathogens causing colorado tick fever, rocky mountain spotted fever, and tularemia. we conducted drag sampling studies in poudre canyon and rocky mountain national park of larimer county, co, to determine microhabitat use patterns by host-seeking d. andersoni adults and find environmental facto ... | 2008 | 18697314 |
| phylogenetic relationships of puccinia horiana and other rust pathogens of chrysanthemum x morifolium based on rdna its sequence analysis. | isolates of the most important puccinia species that have been reported on chrysanthemum x morifolium were collected and the sequences of their ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacers its1 and its2 were determined and used as phylogenetic markers. the focus of this study was on puccinia horiana, due to its quarantine status and its impact in commercial chrysanthemum production. three technical adjustments were needed to reliably obtain the nucleotide sequences starting from fresh or dried sam ... | 2009 | 19248831 |
| symbiotic regulation of plant growth, development and reproduction. | the growth and development of rice (oryzae sativa) seedlings was shown to be regulated epigenetically by a fungal endophyte. in contrast to un-inoculated (nonsymbiotic) plants, endophyte colonized (symbiotic) plants preferentially allocated resources into root growth until root hairs were well established. during that time symbiotic roots expanded at five times the rate observed in nonsymbiotic plants. endophytes also influenced sexual reproduction of mature big sagebrush (artemisia tridentata) ... | 2009 | 19704912 |
| isolation and characterization of potent antifungal strains of the streptomyces violaceusniger clade active against candida albicans. | streptomyces strains were isolated from a sagebrush rhizosphere soil sample on humic acid vitamin (hv) agar and water yeast extract (wye) agar supplemented with 1.5% (w/w) phenol as a selective medium. acidic, neutral and alkaline ph conditions were also used in the isolation procedures. the phenol treatment reduced the numbers of both actinomycetes and non-actinomycetes on plates under all three ph conditions. from phenol-amended hv and wye agar, 16 strains were isolated in pure culture; 14 fro ... | 2010 | 19784681 |
| food supplementation and testosterone interact to influence reproductive behavior and immune function in sceloporus graciosus. | the energetic resources in an organism's environment are essential for executing a wide range of life-history functions, including immunity and reproduction. most energetic budgets, however, are limited, which can lead to trade-offs among competing functions. increasing reproductive effort tends to decrease immunity in many cases, and increasing total energy via supplemental feedings can eliminate this effect. testosterone (t), an important regulator of reproduction, and food availability are th ... | 2010 | 19800885 |
| a currency for offsetting energy development impacts: horse-trading sage-grouse on the open market. | biodiversity offsets provide a mechanism to compensate for unavoidable damages from new energy development as the u.s. increases its domestic production. proponents argue that offsets provide a partial solution for funding conservation while opponents contend the practice is flawed because offsets are negotiated without the science necessary to backup resulting decisions. missing in negotiations is a biologically-based currency for estimating sufficiency of offsets and a framework for applying p ... | 2010 | 20442770 |
| extracts of edible and medicinal plants damage membranes of vibrio cholerae. | the use of natural compounds from plants can provide an alternative approach against food-borne pathogens. the mechanisms of action of most plant extracts with antimicrobial activity have been poorly studied. in this work, changes in membrane integrity, membrane potential, internal ph (ph(in)), and atp synthesis were measured in vibrio cholerae cells after exposure to extracts of edible and medicinal plants. a preliminary screen of methanolic, ethanolic, and aqueous extracts of medicinal and edi ... | 2010 | 20802077 |
| phytotoxic volatiles in the roots and shoots of artemisia tridentata as detected by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry analysis. | in the vicinity of big sagebrush (artemisia tridentata), the growth of nicotiana attenuata is negatively affected, in part due to the alleopathic effect of methyl jasmonate (meja) which is produced in large quantities by the aerial parts of sagebrush. preliminary experiments suggested that growth-inhibiting substances were being emitted from the sagebrush roots. to identify the allelochemical secondary metabolites, we tested different root extracts in seedling growth bioassays with the naturally ... | 2010 | 21086024 |
| shrub-steppe early succession following juniper cutting and prescribed fire. | pinus-juniperus l. (piñon-juniper) woodlands of the western united states have expanded in area nearly 10-fold since the late 1800's. juniperus occidentalis ssp. occidentalis hook. (western juniper) dominance in sagebrush steppe has several negative consequences, including reductions in herbaceous production and diversity, decreased wildlife habitat, and higher erosion and runoff potentials. prescribed fire and mechanical tree removal are the main methods used to control j. occidentalis and rest ... | 2011 | 21344252 |
| rapid species identification of pygmy rabbits (brachylagus idahoensis) from faecal pellet dna. | the pygmy rabbit (brachylagus idahoensis) is a small lagomorph of the western united states that specializes in sagebrush (artemisia spp.) habitat. intensive habitat loss and modification have increased the vulnerability of pygmy rabbit populations, but the current geographic distribution and population status remain unclear. to aid in detection and population monitoring, we developed a species identification test that uses mitochondrial dna species-specific primers to distinguish among six symp ... | 2011 | 21518302 |
| permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 august 2009-30 september 2009. | this article documents the addition of 238 microsatellite marker loci and 72 pairs of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) sequencing primers to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: adelges tsugae, artemisia tridentata, astroides calycularis, azorella selago, botryllus schlosseri, botrylloides violaceus, cardiocrinum cordatum var. glehnii, campylopterus curvipennis, colocasia esculenta, cynomys ludovicianus, cynomys leucurus, cynomys gunnisoni, ... | 2010 | 21565018 |
| wave of mutilation: the cattle mutilation phenomenon of the 1970s. | during the 1970s many small-scale cattle ranchers across the midwest reported finding their cattle mutilated. the episode, often dismissed as mass hysteria or sensationalized reporting, demonstrates the growing dissatisfaction of many ranchers concerning government intrusiveness and restrictive policies. these frustrations found a release in response to the mutilation phenomenon during which ranchers vented their anger by taking direct aim at the federal government. the turbulent economic condit ... | 2011 | 21901905 |
| global change effects on bromus tectorum l. (poaceae) at its high-elevation range margin. | global change is likely to affect invasive species distribution, especially at range margins. in the eastern sierra nevada, california, usa, the invasive annual grass, bromus tectorum, is patchily distributed and its impacts have been minimal compared with other areas of the intermountain west. we used a series of in situ field manipulations to determine how b. tectorum might respond to changing climatic conditions and increased nitrogen deposition at the high-elevation edge of its invaded range ... | 2012 | 23504728 |
| lipid deposition and utilization in the sagebrush lizard, sceloporus graciosus: its significance for reproduction and maintenance. | | 2014 | 4153674 |
| disease risk & landscape attributes of tick-borne borrelia pathogens in the san francisco bay area, california. | habitat heterogeneity influences pathogen ecology by affecting vector abundance and the reservoir host communities. we investigated spatial patterns of disease risk for two human pathogens in the borrelia genus-b. burgdorferi and b. miyamotoi-that are transmitted by the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus. we collected ticks (349 nymphs, 273 adults) at 20 sites in the san francisco bay area, california, usa. tick abundance, pathogen prevalence and density of infected nymphs varied widely ... | 2015 | 26288371 |
| the influence of mitigation on sage-grouse habitat selection within an energy development field. | growing global energy demands ensure the continued growth of energy development. energy development in wildlife areas can significantly impact wildlife populations. efforts to mitigate development impacts to wildlife are on-going, but the effectiveness of such efforts is seldom monitored or assessed. greater sage-grouse (centrocercus urophasianus) are sensitive to energy development and likely serve as an effective umbrella species for other sagebrush-steppe obligate wildlife. we assessed the re ... | 2015 | 25835296 |
| combined effects of energy development and disease on greater sage-grouse. | species of conservation concern are increasingly threatened by multiple, anthropogenic stressors which are outside their evolutionary experience. greater sage-grouse are highly susceptible to the impacts of two such stressors: oil and gas (energy) development and west nile virus (wnv). however, the combined effects of these stressors and their potential interactions have not been quantified. we used lek (breeding ground) counts across a landscape encompassing extensive local and regional variati ... | 2013 | 23940732 |
| mitigation effectiveness for improving nesting success of greater sage-grouse influenced by energy development. | sagebrush (artemisia spp.) habitats being developed for oil and gas reserves are inhabited by sagebrush obligate species-including the greater sage-grouse (centrocercus urophasianus; sage-grouse) that is currently being considered for protection under the u.s. endangered species act. numerous studies suggest increasing oil and gas development may exacerbate species extinction risks. therefore, there is a great need for effective on-site mitigation to reduce impacts to co-occurring wildlife such ... | 0 | 26366042 |
| distribution and habitat of ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae) and prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi in utah. | knowledge about the distribution and abundance of the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus cooley and kohls, in utah is limited. recent concerns over tick-borne diseases in utah, primarily lyme disease, have reinvigorated the need to understand the distribution and habitats favored by this tick species. we surveyed 157 sites throughout utah to examine the distribution, abundance, and habitat of i. pacificus. in total, 343 adult ticks were collected from 2011 to 2013. specifically, 119 i. ... | 2015 | 26336263 |
| trade-offs between reproductive coloration and innate immunity in a natural population of female sagebrush lizards, sceloporus graciosus. | trade-offs between immune function and reproduction are common to many organisms. nevertheless, high energetic resources may eliminate the need for these trade-offs. in this study, we consider the effects of food availability on these trade-offs in a wild population of female sagebrush lizards (sceloporus graciosus) during the breeding season. we manipulated food availability by supplementing some lizards but not others. we measured female orange side coloration as an indicator of reproductive s ... | 2011 | 25400312 |
| listeriosis phytotherapy: a review study on the effectiveness of iranian medicinal plants in treatment of listeriosis. | listeria monocytogenes can be found in many processed foods, raw milk, dairy products, meat and meat products such as sausages, beef and fish products, seafoods, eggs, fruits, and vegetables such as radish and cabbage. this article is a review study on the iranian medicinal plants applied for treatment of listeriosis. information of this review article was obtained by searching various key words such as listeria monocytogenes, medicinal plants, plant extracts and essential oils among scientific ... | 2015 | 26682768 |
| susceptibility and antibody response of vesper sparrows (pooecetes gramineus) to west nile virus: a potential amplification host in sagebrush-grassland habitat. | west nile virus (wnv) spread to the us western plains states in 2003, when a significant mortality event attributed to wnv occurred in greater sage-grouse ( centrocercus urophasianus ). the role of avian species inhabiting sagebrush in the amplification of wnv in arid and semiarid regions of the north america is unknown. we conducted an experimental wnv challenge study in vesper sparrows ( pooecetes gramineus ), a species common to sagebrush and grassland habitats found throughout much of north ... | 2016 | 26981692 |
| ecophysiological differences among juvenile and reproductive plants of several woody species. | photosynthetic and water relations characteristics of small juvenile and large reproductive plants were investigated during one growing season for four woody species native to red butte canyon, utah, usa: acer negundo, artemisia tridentata, chrysothamnus nauseosus, and salix exigua. for all species, juvenile plants differed from reproductive plants in at least one of the following characters: water potential, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, or water-use efficiency. late in the growing ... | 1991 | 28313342 |
| the relationships between relative growth rate, meristematic potential and compensatory growth of semiarid-land shrubs. | inherent relative growth rate has been suggested as a major determinant of plant species' capacity to regrow and compensate for tissues lost to herbivores. we investigated: 1) the relationship between compensatory growth capacity and relative growth rate (rgr) in six semiarid-land shrubs following removal in winter or spring of 90% of the previous year's growth, 2) the influence of loss of buds on production of new growth and 3) the relationship between meristematic potential and the capacity to ... | 1992 | 28313526 |
| evaluating the impact of gas extraction infrastructure on the occupancy of sagebrush-obligate songbirds. | development associated with natural gas extraction may have negative effects on wildlife. here we assessed the effects of natural gas development on the distributions of three sagebrush-obligate birds (brewer's sparrow, spizella breweri; sagebrush sparrow, amphispiza belli; and sage thrasher, oreoscoptes montanus) at a natural gas extraction site in wyoming, usa. two drivers of habitat disturbance were investigated: natural gas well pads and roadways. disturbances were quantified on a small scal ... | 2015 | 26485947 |
| temporal and spatial variations in the behavior of shrubsteppe birds. | we documented patterns of activity and microhabitat use by breeding male sage sparrows (amphispiza belli) and brewer's sparrows (spizella breweri) in the semiarid shrubsteppe of northwestern u.s.a. to determine how their behavior varies in space and time and how these variations relate to environmental features. in analyses of several sites with multiple plots that were studied for 2-4 yr, the frequencies of activities and substrate use varied significantly with year, plot, and location. the maj ... | 1987 | 28311406 |
| influence of habitat and intrinsic characteristics on survival of neonatal pronghorn. | increased understanding of the influence of habitat (e.g., composition, patch size) and intrinsic (e.g., age, birth mass) factors on survival of neonatal pronghorn (antilocapra americana) is a prerequisite to successful management programs, particularly as they relate to population dynamics and the role of population models in adaptive species management. nevertheless, few studies have presented empirical data quantifying the influence of habitat variables on survival of neonatal pronghorn. duri ... | 2015 | 26630484 |
| pollen and water limitation in astragalus scaphoides, a plant that flowers in alternate years. | mast seeding is common in plant populations, but its causes have rarely been tested experimentally. we tested mechanisms of alternate-year flowering and fruit set in an iteroparous, bee-pollinated, herbaceous plant, astragalus scaphoides, in semi-arid sagebrush steppe. patterns of reproduction from 1986 to 1999 indicated that spring precipitation was a cue for synchronous flowering, and that increased pollination in high-flowering years was a fitness advantage of synchrony. we tested these patte ... | 2006 | 16944247 |
| effects of carbohydrate and nitrogen supplementation on fermentation of cheatgrass () in a dual-flow continuous culture system. | cheatgrass (cg; ), an introduced winter annual grass, is an aggressive invader of the sagebrush community in the western united states. because of its greater flammability, mature cg constitutes a fire hazard leading to repeated wildfires. one fuel-reduction strategy is livestock grazing. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of urea, molasses, or a combination of urea and molasses supplementation of a cg-based diet on digestibility, microbial fermentation, bacterial protein sy ... | 2017 | 28380537 |
| precipitation affects plant communication and defense. | anti-herbivore defense shows high levels of both inter- and intraspecific variability. defending against herbivores may be costly to the plant when it requires a trade-off in allocation between defense and other missed opportunities, such as reproduction. indeed, the plastic expression of defensive traits allows the plant to invest resources in defense only when the risk of being damaged actually increases, avoiding wasted resources. plants may assess risk by responding to volatile cues emitted ... | 2017 | 28376291 |
| quantifying long-term plant community dynamics with movement models: implications for ecological resilience. | quantification of rates and patterns of community dynamics is central for understanding the organization and function of ecosystems. these insights may support a greater empirical understanding of ecological resilience, and the application of resilience concepts toward ecosystem management. distinct types of dynamics in natural communities can be used to interpret and apply resilience concepts, but quantitative methods that can systematically distinguish among them are needed. we develop a quant ... | 2017 | 28370777 |
| climate drives adaptive genetic responses associated with survival in big sagebrush (artemisia tridentata). | a genecological approach was used to explore genetic variation for survival in artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush). artemisia tridentata is a widespread and foundational shrub species in western north america. this species has become extremely fragmented, to the detriment of dependent wildlife, and efforts to restore it are now a land management priority. common-garden experiments were established at three sites with seedlings from 55 source-populations. populations included each of the three p ... | 2017 | 28352292 |
| better living through conifer removal: a demographic analysis of sage-grouse vital rates. | sagebrush (artemisia spp.) obligate wildlife species such as the imperiled greater sage-grouse (centrocercus urophasianus) face numerous threats including altered ecosystem processes that have led to conifer expansion into shrub-steppe. conifer removal is accelerating despite a lack of empirical evidence on grouse population response. using a before-after-control-impact design at the landscape scale, we evaluated effects of conifer removal on two important demographic parameters, annual survival ... | 2017 | 28333995 |
| a large-scale perspective for managing prairie avifauna assemblages across the western us: influences of habitat, land ownership and latitude. | future demands for increased food production are expected to have severe impacts on prairie biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. prairie avifauna of north america have experienced drastic population declines, prompting numerous conservation efforts, which have been informed primarily by small-scale studies. we applied a large-scale perspective that integrates scale dependency in avian responses by analyzing observations of 20 prairie bird species (17 grassland obligates and three sagebrush obli ... | 2017 | 28133567 |
| soil microbial communities and elk foraging intensity: implications for soil biogeochemical cycling in the sagebrush steppe. | foraging intensity of large herbivores may exert an indirect top-down ecological force on soil microbial communities via changes in plant litter inputs. we investigated the responses of the soil microbial community to elk (cervus elaphus) winter range occupancy across a long-term foraging exclusion experiment in the sagebrush steppe of the north american rocky mountains, combining phylogenetic analysis of fungi and bacteria with shotgun metagenomics and extracellular enzyme assays. winter foragi ... | 2017 | 28111902 |
| response of aboveground carbon balance to long-term, experimental enhancements in precipitation seasonality is contingent on plant community type in cold-desert rangelands. | semi-arid rangelands are important carbon (c) pools at global scales. however, the degree of net c storage or release in water-limited systems is a function of precipitation amount and timing, as well as plant community composition. in northern latitudes of western north america, c storage in cold-desert ecosystems could increase with boosts in wintertime precipitation, in which climate models predict, due to increases in wintertime soil water storage that enhance summertime productivity. howeve ... | 2017 | 28105522 |
| weather, habitat composition, and female behavior interact to modify offspring survival in greater sage-grouse. | weather is a source of environmental variation that can affect population vital rates. however, the influence of weather on individual fitness is spatially heterogeneous and can be driven by other environmental factors, such as habitat composition. therefore, individuals can experience reduced fitness (e.g., decreased reproductive success) during poor environmental conditions through poor decisions regarding habitat selection. this requires, however, that habitat selection is adaptive and that t ... | 2017 | 28052504 |
| relative importance of abiotic, biotic, and disturbance drivers of plant community structure in the sagebrush steppe. | abiotic conditions, biotic factors, and disturbances can act as filters that control community structure and composition. understanding the relative importance of these drivers would allow us to understand and predict the causes and consequences of changes in community structure. we used long-term data (1989-2002) from the sagebrush steppe in the state of washington, usa, to ask three questions: (1) what are the key drivers of community-level metrics of community structure? (2) do community-leve ... | 2017 | 27935663 |
| genetically based latitudinal clines in artemisia californica drive parallel clines in arthropod communities. | intraspecific variation in plant traits has been clearly shown to drive the structure of associated arthropod communities at the spatial scale of individual plant populations. nevertheless, it is largely unknown whether plant trait variation among populations drives landscape-scale variation in arthropod communities, and how the strength of such plant genetic effects compares to, and interacts with, those of environmental variation. we documented the structure of arthropod communities on artemis ... | 2017 | 27935026 |
| multivariate sexual selection on male tegmina in wild populations of sagebrush crickets, cyphoderris strepitans (orthoptera: haglidae). | although the strength and form of sexual selection on song in male crickets have been studied extensively, few studies have examined selection on the morphological structures that underlie variation in males' song, particularly in wild populations. geometric morphometric techniques were used to measure sexual selection on the shape, size and symmetry of both top and bottom tegmina in wild populations of sagebrush crickets, a species in which nuptial feeding by females imposes an unambiguous phen ... | 2017 | 27917558 |
| geographic dialects in volatile communication between sagebrush individuals. | plants respond to volatile cues emitted by damaged neighbors to increase their defenses against herbivores. we examined whether plants communicated more effectively with local neighbors than distant neighbors in a reciprocal experiment at two sites. three branches on focal plants were incubated with air from (1) a control, (2) an experimentally clipped "foreign" plant from 230 km away, or (3) an experimentally clipped "local" plant from the same population as the focal plant. branches incubated ... | 2016 | 27870040 |
| extracting plant phenology metrics in a great basin watershed: methods and considerations for quantifying phenophases in a cold desert. | plant phenology is recognized as important for ecological dynamics. there has been a recent advent of phenology and camera networks worldwide. the established phenocam network has sites in the united states, including the western states. however, there is a paucity of published research from semi-arid regions. in this study, we demonstrate the utility of camera-based repeat digital imagery and use of r statistical phenopix package to quantify plant phenology and phenophases in four plant communi ... | 2016 | 27869752 |
| mid-latitude shrub steppe plant communities: climate change consequences for soil water resources. | in the coming century, climate change is projected to impact precipitation and temperature regimes worldwide, with especially large effects in drylands. we use big sagebrush ecosystems as a model dryland ecosystem to explore the impacts of altered climate on ecohydrology and the implications of those changes for big sagebrush plant communities using output from 10 global circulation models (gcms) for two representative concentration pathways (rcps). we ask: (1) what is the magnitude of variabili ... | 2016 | 27859085 |
| correction for coates et al., wildfire, climate, and invasive grass interactions negatively impact an indicator species by reshaping sagebrush ecosystems. | | 2016 | 27834210 |
| wildfire, climate, and invasive grass interactions negatively impact an indicator species by reshaping sagebrush ecosystems. | iconic sagebrush ecosystems of the american west are threatened by larger and more frequent wildfires that can kill sagebrush and facilitate invasion by annual grasses, creating a cycle that alters sagebrush ecosystem recovery post disturbance. thwarting this accelerated grass-fire cycle is at the forefront of current national conservation efforts, yet its impacts on wildlife populations inhabiting these ecosystems have not been quantified rigorously. within a bayesian framework, we modeled 30 y ... | 2016 | 27791084 |
| seasonal habitat use by greater sage-grouse (centrocercus urophasianus) on a landscape with low density oil and gas development. | fragmentation of the sagebrush (artemisia spp.) ecosystem has led to concern about a variety of sagebrush obligates including the greater sage-grouse (centrocercus urophasianus). given the increase of energy development within greater sage-grouse habitats, mapping seasonal habitats in pre-development populations is critical. the north park population in colorado is one of the largest and most stable in the state and provides a unique case study for investigating resource selection at a relativel ... | 2016 | 27788202 |
| will phenotypic plasticity affecting flowering phenology keep pace with climate change? | rising temperatures have begun to shift flowering time, but it is unclear whether phenotypic plasticity can accommodate projected temperature change for this century. evaluating clines in phenological traits and the extent and variation in plasticity can provide key information on assessing risk of maladaptation and developing strategies to mitigate climate change. in this study, flower phenology was examined in 52 populations of big sagebrush (artemisia tridentata) growing in three common garde ... | 2016 | 27739159 |
| how to quantify the temporal storage effect using simulations instead of math. | the storage effect has become a core concept in community ecology, explaining how environmental fluctuations can promote coexistence and maintain biodiversity. however, limitations of existing theory have hindered empirical applications: the need for detailed mathematical analysis whenever the study system requires a new model, and restricted theory for structured populations. we present a new approach that overcomes both these limitations. we show how temporal storage effect can be quantified b ... | 2016 | 27678218 |
| chemotypic variation in volatiles and herbivory for sagebrush. | plants that are damaged by herbivores emit complex blends of volatile compounds that often cause neighboring branches to induce resistance. experimentally clipped sagebrush foliage emits volatiles that neighboring individuals recognize and respond to. these volatiles vary among individuals within a population. two distinct types are most common with either thujone or camphor as the predominate compound, along with other less common types. individuals respond more effectively to cues from the sam ... | 2016 | 27525992 |
| does wyoming's core area policy protect winter habitats for greater sage-grouse? | conservation reserves established to protect important habitat for wildlife species are used world-wide as a wildlife conservation measure. effective reserves must adequately protect year-round habitats to maintain wildlife populations. wyoming's sage-grouse core area policy was established to protect breeding habitats for greater sage-grouse (centrocercus urophasianus). protecting only one important seasonal habitat could result in loss or degradation of other important habitats and potential d ... | 2016 | 27515024 |