| typing tuber ectomycorrhizae by polymerase chain amplification of the internal transcribed spacer of rdna and the sequence characterized amplified region markers. | identification of some economically important tuber species using classical morphological characteristics is sometimes difficult. we report here the molecular characterization of a species coming from china, tuber indicum, mistaken with tuber melanosporum species. using restriction analysis of the amplified internal transcribed spacer (its) of rdna, its sequence analysis, and sequence characterized amplified region markers, with dna from fruit bodies or mycorrhizae, genetic variation was found b ... | 1997 | 9304782 |
| a novel sterol from chinese truffles tuber indicum. | from the fruiting bodies of ascomycetes tuber indicum, a new steroidal glucoside with polyhydroxy ergosterol nucleus, tuberoside (2), has been isolated along with additional four known ergosterol derivatives, (22e, 24r)-ergosta-7, 22-dien-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta-triol (1), 5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxy-(22e, 24r)-ergosta-6, 22-dien-3beta-ol (3), (22e, 24r)-ergosta-5, 22-dien-3beta-ol (4), and (22e, 24r)-ergosta-4, 6, 8(14), 22-tetraen-3-one (5). the structure of new compound was established as 3-o-beta-d ... | 2001 | 11522340 |
| a new trihydroxy fatty acid from the ascomycete, chinese truffle tuber indicum. | from the chloroform/methanol extract of the fruiting bodies of the ascomycete chinese truffle tuber indicum cooke et massee, a new trihydroxylated monounsaturated fatty acid (1) has been isolated. the structure of this new linoleic acid-derived metabolite was established as 9,10,11-trihydroxy-(12z)-12-octadecenoic acid by means of spectroscopic and chemical methods. the fatty acid composition of the chloroform-soluble fraction of this fungus was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ... | 2001 | 11834089 |
| a phylogenetic study of commercial chinese truffles and their allies: taxonomic implications. | phylogenetic relationships of commercial chinese truffles and their allies were investigated mainly by morphological studies and analyses of the sequences of its regions of nuclear ribosomal dna. two species, tuber indicum and t. himalayense, closely related to the european t. melanosporum (the perigord truffle), are recognized among commercial chinese black truffles. both t. pseudohimalayense and t. sinense should be regarded as synonyms of t. indicum. tuber species producing excavated ascomata ... | 2005 | 15796984 |
| phylogenetic and populational study of the tuber indicum complex. | when examined using sem, chinese samples of tuber indicum and t. sinense displayed the same ascospore ornamentation as that of t. pseudohimalayense, t. indicum, collected in india by duthie in 1899, and samples renamed t. himalayense in 1988. the different authors who named the four taxa (t. indicum, t. himalayense, t. sinense, t. pseudohimalyense) described differences in the surface of the peridium which could be considered as usual variations within a single species. we consider t. indicum, t ... | 2006 | 16930973 |
| phylogenetic study of two truffles, tuber formosanum and tuber furfuraceum, identified from taiwan. | truffles are one of the most valuable edible fungi and have drawn extensive research interests worldwide. in taiwan, two species of truffle, tuber formosanum and tuber furfuraceum, have been identified and reported. although the morphological features of these two truffles have been described, lack of molecular identification has led to difficulties with firmly establishing their relatedness to other truffles. in this study, we utilized the internal transcribed spacer (its) and beta-tubulin gene ... | 2009 | 19341392 |
| mycorrhizal synthesis of tuber indicum with two indigenous hosts, castanea mollissima and pinus armandii. | tuber indicum is one of the most renowned commercialized fungi in china. mycorrhizal investigations, however, have been carried out mainly with exotic trees. up to now there is no detailed description of morphology of the mycorrhizae formed with the indigenous hosts of t. indicum. containerized seedlings of two indigenous hosts of the fungus in southwestern china, pinus armandii and castanea mollissima, were inoculated with aqueous spore suspension of t. indicum in two kinds of substrates. mycor ... | 2009 | 19404686 |
| genomic suppression subtractive hybridization as a tool to identify differences in mycorrhizal fungal genomes. | characterization of genomic variation among different microbial species, or different strains of the same species, is a field of significant interest with a wide range of potential applications. we have investigated the genomic variation in mycorrhizal fungal genomes through genomic suppressive subtractive hybridization. the comparison was between phylogenetically distant and close truffle species (tuber spp.), and between isolates of the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus oidiodendron maius featuring d ... | 2011 | 21362020 |
| Microbiological quality and safety of fresh cultivated and wild mushrooms commercialized in Spain. | 402 samples of 22 species of cultivated and wild fresh mushrooms sold in retail markets and supermarkets in Zaragoza (Spain) were studied to quantify their microbial load (mesophilic aerobic microorganisms, Pseudomonas genus, Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria, total and thermotolerant coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, yeasts and moulds) and to investigate the presence of E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica. The tot ... | 2011 | 21925034 |
| truffle volatiles inhibit growth and induce an oxidative burst in arabidopsis thaliana. | the function of fungal volatiles in fungal-plant interactions is poorly understood. the aim here was to address this lack of knowledge, focusing on truffles, ectomycorrhizal fungi that are highly appreciated for their aroma. the effect of volatiles released by truffles was tested on arabidopsis thaliana in a closed chamber bioassay. the volatiles produced by tuber melanosporum, tuber indicum and tuber borchii fruiting bodies inhibited a. thaliana in terms of root length and cotyledon leaf size, ... | 2007 | 17635217 |
| characterization of the reproductive mode and life cycle of the whitish truffle t. borchii. | truffles are the fruiting structures of ascomycetes in the genus tuber. because of their economic importance, truffles have been cultivated for many years using artificially inoculated host plants. nevertheless, the life cycle and reproductive mode of tuber spp. are still poorly understood. in filamentous ascomycetes, sexual reproduction is genetically controlled by the mating-type (mat) locus. among tuber spp., the mat locus has been recently characterized in the black truffles tuber melanospor ... | 2016 | 26968742 |
| secondary metabolites from higher fungi in china and their biological activity. | as a part of our search for naturally occurring bioactive metabolites from higher fungi, we investigated the chemical constituents of basidiomycetes and ascomycetes fungi (albatrellus confluens, albatrellus dispansus, boletus edulis, boletopsis grisea, bondarzewia berkeleyi, cortinarius tenuipes, cortinarius vibratilis, daldinia concentrica, engleromyces goetzii, hydnum repandum, hebeloma versipelle, hygrophorus eburnesus, lactarius deliciosus, lactarius hatsudake, lactarius hirtipes, lactarius ... | 2007 | 22504394 |
| isolation and characterization of polysaccharides with the antitumor activity from tuber fruiting bodies and fermentation system. | fifty-two polysaccharides were isolated from the fermentation systems of tuber melanosporum, tuber indicum, tuber sinense, tuber aestivum and the fruiting bodies of tuber indicum, tuber himalayense, tuber sinense by elution with an activated carbon column. polysaccharides from tuber fermentation system exhibited relatively higher in vitro antitumor activity against hepg2, a549, hct-116, sk-br-3, and hl-60 cells than those from tuber fruiting bodies. all polysaccharides were mainly composed of d- ... | 2014 | 24272369 |
| comparison of lipid content and fatty acid composition between tuber fermentation mycelia and natural fruiting bodies. | a comparison of lipid content and fatty acid (fa) composition between tuber fermentation mycelia and natural fruiting bodies indicates that the lipid content in tuber fermentation mycelia is higher than that in fruiting bodies. unsaturated fas (particularly linoleic acid and oleic acid) were the predominant constituents in total fas in both tuber fermentation mycelia and fruiting bodies. a total of 23 fas, including arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, and γ-linolenic acids, were firs ... | 2011 | 21449542 |
| fermentation condition outweighed truffle species in affecting volatile organic compounds analyzed by chromatographic fingerprint system. | the influences of fermentation conditions and truffle species (i.e., tuber melanosporum, tuber sinense, tuber indicum, and tuber aestivum) on the volatile organic compounds (vocs) originated from truffle fermentation mycelia were studied by using chromatographic fingerprint system for the first time. gas chromatography combined with statistical methods including similarity analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to develop chromatographic fingerprint system for truffle vocs evalua ... | 2009 | 19576383 |
| determination of 5alpha-androst-16-en-3alpha-ol in truffle fermentation broth by solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector/electron impact mass spectrometry. | a novel method using solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography and flame ionization detector (fid)/electron impact mass spectrometry (eims) was developed for the determination of 5alpha-androst-16-en-3alpha-ol (androstenol), a steroidal compound belonging to the group of musk odorous 16-androstenes, in truffle fermentation broth. comparison studies between fid and eims indicated two detectors gave similar quantitative results. the highest androstenol concentration of 123.5 ng/ml was ... | 2008 | 18585987 |
| comparative analysis of volatile composition in chinese truffles via gc × gc/hr-tof/ms and electronic nose. | to compare the volatile compounds of chinese black truffle and white truffle from yunnan province, this study presents the application of a direct solvent extraction/solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (dse-safe) coupled with a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (gc × gc) high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (hr-tof/ms) and an electronic nose. both of the analytical methods could distinguish the aroma profile of the two samples. in terms of the overall profile of truffl ... | 2016 | 27058524 |
| pattern of tuber melanosporum extramatrical mycelium expansion over a 20-year chronosequence in quercus ilex-truffle orchards. | successful cultivation of black truffle (tuber melanosporum) requires a long-term investment and the maintenance of the symbiosis throughout its preproductive and productive years. monitoring the symbiosis over time is challenging, as it requires methods that can detect the belowground proliferation of the fungus associated with its host tree. in this study, we used a chronosequence design to study the expansion pattern of this fungus as the host tree grows. we hypothesize that this expansion ca ... | 2014 | 24469788 |
| mating type locus of chinese black truffles reveals heterothallism and the presence of cryptic species within the t. indicum species complex. | tuber spp. are filamentous ascomycetes which establish symbiosis with the roots of trees and shrub species. by virtue of this symbiosis they produce hypogeous ascocarps, known as truffles. filamentous ascomycetes can reproduce by homothallism or heterothallism depending on the structure and organization of their mating type locus. the first mating type locus in a truffle species has been recently characterized in tuber melanosporum and it has been shown that this fungus, endemic in europe, is he ... | 2013 | 24358175 |
| potential aromatic compounds as markers to differentiate between tuber melanosporum and tuber indicum truffles. | the tuber indicum (chinese truffle) and tuber melanosporum (black truffle) species are morphologically very similar but their aromas are very different. the black truffle aroma is much more intense and complex, and it is consequently appreciated more gastronomically. this work tries to determine whether the differences between the aromatic compounds of both species are sufficiently significant so as to apply them to fraud detection. an olfactometric evaluation (gc-o) of t. indicum was carried ou ... | 2013 | 23768334 |
| a new species of melanospora on truffles from china. | the new species melanospora subterranea is described from china, based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. this is the first record of melanospora species parasitizing chinese black and white truffles (tuber indicum and t. huidongense), and its host range indicates that the new species might be a disease threat to commercially exploited european truffles including tuber melanosporum and tuber magnatum. apparent polyphyly within the ceratostomataceae can be explained at least in part by i ... | 2012 | 22684289 |
| species recognition and cryptic species in the tuber indicum complex. | morphological delimitation of asian black truffles, including tuber himalayense, t. indicum, t. sinense, t. pseudohimalayense, t. formosanum and t. pseudoexcavatum, has remained problematic and even phylogenetic analyses have been controversial. in this study, we combined five years of field investigation in china with morphological study and dna sequences analyses (its, lsu and β-tubulin) of 131 tuber specimens to show that t. pseudohimalayense and t. pseudoexcavatum are the same species. t. fo ... | 2011 | 21297969 |
| new data on ectomycorrhizae and soils of the chinese truffles tuber pseudoexcavatum and tuber indicum, and their impact on truffle cultivation. | chinese truffles serve as a good complement to the market for tuber melanosporum (périgord black truffle). however, chinese truffles could be introduced accidentally or fraudulently into the plantations of mediterranean truffles, and they could have a negative effect on truffle production and natural ecosystems. the study of tuber species from china which are commercialized in europe began 14 years ago. tuber pseudoexcavatum was proposed as a new species, and this has been validated by some auth ... | 2008 | 18813959 |
| cloning and characterization of two repeated sequences in the symbiotic fungus tuber melanosporum vitt. | two repeated dna sequences of european strains of the symbiotic fungus tuber melanosporum were isolated and characterized. one of these, ss14, representing about 0.05% of the fungal genome, was shown to be a t. melanosporum-specific sequence by southern and dot-blot hybridization. the second one, named ss15, is about 0.0025% of the entire genome, and it is specific not only to t. melanosporum but also to the asian black truffle tuber indicum. neither of these two fragments hybridizes with any of ... | 2000 | 11102691 |
| molecular tools for the identification of tuber melanosporum in agroindustry. | tuber melanosporum vitt., tuber magnatum pico, and tuber uncinatum chat. can be differentiated by their morphological characters. fraud problems have arisen recently with the importation to europe of truffles from china. t. melanosporum is morphologically very close, but distinct from the chinese species [tuber indicum (cooke and massee) and t. himalayense bc (zhang and winter)]. we have optimized molecular tools to unequivocally identify t. melanosporum. dna extraction from ascocarps of black t ... | 2000 | 10888592 |
| phylogenetic relationships between european and chinese truffles based on parsimony and distance analysis of its sequences. | phylogenetic relationships among truffle species from europe and china were investigated through parsimony analysis of the its sequences. three major clades were obtained among the species analysed. the so-called white truffles appeared polyphyletic since tuber magnatum was grouped with brown truffles and not with the other white species (t. maculatum, t. borchii, t. dryophilum, t. puberulum). the black truffles investigated in this study, t. brumale, t. melanosporum, t. indicum and t. himalayen ... | 1999 | 10556705 |
| typing tuber melanosporum and chinese black truffle species by molecular markers. | morphologically similar species such as chinese black truffles and tuber melanosporum were typed by restriction length polymorphism of internal transcribed spacers. this analysis together with sequence comparison revealed the presence of high genetic variability among fruit bodies collected in china. selection of primer pairs allowed the internal transcribed spacer region of both chinese truffles and t. melanosporum to be specifically amplified. | 1997 | 9271850 |
| tuber indicum shapes the microbial communities of ectomycorhizosphere soil and ectomycorrhizae of an indigenous tree (pinus armandii). | the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an ectomycorrhizal fungus (tuber indicum) on the diversity of microbial communities associated with an indigenous tree, pinus armandii, and the microbial communities in the surrounding ectomycorhizosphere soil. high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the richness of microbial communities in the roots or rhizosphere of treatments with or without ectomycorrhizae. the results indicated that the bacterial diversity of ectomycorhizosphere ... | 2017 | 28410376 |
| soil microbial communities of three major chinese truffles in southwest china. | tuber pseudoexcavatum, tuber sinoaestivum, and tuber indicum are the 3 most important truffles growing in southeast china; however, their cultivation is still inefficient owing to the lack of understanding regarding the composition and function of the bacterial and fungal communities from the soils around the fruit bodies and the ectomycorrhiza of these truffles. the aim of this study was to disclose the microbial communities in truffle-producing soils in huidong county, sichuan, china, by using ... | 2016 | 27696894 |
| drainage isolation and climate change-driven population expansion shape the genetic structures of tuber indicum complex in the hengduan mountains region. | the orogenesis of the qinghai-tibetan plateau and the quaternary climate changes have played key roles in driving the evolution of flora and fauna in southwest china, but their effects on higher fungi are poorly addressed. in this study, we investigated the phylogeographic pattern of the tuber indicum species complex, an economically important fungal group distributed in the hengduan mountains region. our data confirmed the existence of two distinct lineages, t. indicum and t. himalayense, withi ... | 2016 | 26906144 |
| [topographical and pedological factors adapted to the growth of domestic truffles (tuber indicum)]. | topographical and pedological factors at 9 sites of tuber indicum in yunnan, sichuan and tibet were studied by using principal component analysis in order to determine the connection between truffle-growth with topographic factors and soil factors. results showed that: 1) the 5 principal components selected from 15 topographical and pedological factors had a great cumulative contribution, up to 87.5%. among the topographical factors, the slope position was the most important ecological factor af ... | 2015 | 26572034 |
| effects of soaking with natural additives in combinations with vacuum or modified atmosphere packaging on microbial populations and shelf life of fresh truffles (chinese tuber indicum). | the objective of this study was to evaluate the relative effects and interactions of combined soaking treatment using citric acid (cta) and apple polyphenol (app) at mild heating temperatures for the inactivation of the external and internal microflora (mesophilic aerobic bacteria, mesophilic anaerobic bacteria, and fungi) in chinese tuber indicum, as well as to analyze the microbiological and sensory changes under modified atmosphere packaging (map)- and vacuum atmosphere packaging (vac)-packed ... | 2014 | 25227959 |
| purification and characterization of a ribonuclease with antiproliferative activity from the mystical wild mushroom tuber indicum. | an rnase with a molecular mass of 28 kda and with high ribonucleolytic activity toward poly(a) was purified from the ascocarps of tuber indicum. the purification procedure involved ion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose, q-sepharose and mono q, and gel filtration by fast protein liquid chromatography on superdex 75. the ph and temperature optima of the rnase were 7.2 and 50 °c, respectively. the ranking of its activity toward various polyhomoribonucleotides was poly(a)>poly(c ... | 2014 | 23787947 |
| evaluation of aroma active compounds in tuber fruiting bodies by gas chromatography-olfactometry in combination with aroma reconstitution and omission test. | the aroma active compounds of three tuber fruiting bodies (i.e., tuber himalayense, tuber indicum, and tuber sinense) were firstly systematically evaluated by instrumental gas chromatography-olfactometry combining with quantitative analysis, aroma reconstitution, and omission tests. twelve aroma active compounds were characterized by aroma extract dilution analysis, and 3-(methylthio) propanal, 3-methylbutanal, and 1-octen-3-ol with the highest flavor dilution (fd) factor (i.e., 1,024-2,048) wer ... | 2012 | 22246529 |
| composition and antioxidant activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from tuber indicum. | crude water-soluble chinese truffle tuber indicum polysaccharide (tip) was extracted from the fruiting bodies with water and then successively purified by deae-cellulose 52 and sephadex g-100 column chromatography, yielding two major polysaccharide fractions: tip1-1 and tip2-1. high-performance gel permeation chromatography analysis showed that the average molecular sizes of tip1-1 and tip2-1 were approximately 1.75×10(4) da and 5.73×10(3) da, respectively. monosaccharide component analysis by g ... | 2011 | 21877953 |
| determination of the nucleosides and nucleobases in tuber samples by dispersive solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. | a simple, fast and inexpensive method based on dispersive solid phase extraction (dspe) combined with lc-ms was developed for simultaneous determination of 7 nucleosides and nucleobases (i.e., adenine, hypoxanthine, uridine, adenosine, guanine, guanosine, and inosine) in tuber fruiting-bodies and fermentation mycelia. the dspe procedure was firstly introduced to remove the protein interference from sample solutions, and d3520 macroporous resin was chosen as the dspe sorbent because of its high r ... | 2011 | 21277418 |
| molecular species of ceramides from the ascomycete truffle tuber indicum. | the ceramide fractions were isolated from the chloroform/methanolic extractable of the fruiting bodies of tuber indicum and separated into three kinds of molecular species ti-1, ti-2, and ti-3 by normal and reverse phase silica gel-column chromatography. by means of (1)h nmr and (13)c nmr spectroscopy, fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (fab-ms), and chemical degradation experiment, their component sphingoid base for ti-1 and ti-2 was uniformly (2s,3s,4r)-2-amino-1,3,4-octadecantriol, while ... | 2004 | 15351272 |