| molecular cloning and characterization of an erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora pectin lyase gene that responds to dna-damaging agents. | reca-mediated production of pectin lyase (pnl) and the bacteriocin carotovoricin occurs in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71 when this organism is subjected to agents that damage or inhibit the synthesis of dna. the structural gene pnla was isolated from a strain 71 cosmid gene library following mobilization of the cosmids into a moderate pnl producer, strain 193. the cosmid complemented pnl::tn5 but not ctv::tn5 mutations. a constitutive level of pnl activity was detected in reca+ and rec ... | 1990 | 2188956 |
| erwinia persicinus, a new species isolated from plants. | five strains of a gram-negative, oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, fermentative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium with the general characteristics of the family enterobacteriaceae were isolated from tomatoes (three strains), a banana, and a cucumber. all of the strains produced a water-soluble pink pigment. as determined by dna hybridization (hydroxyapatite method) these five strains were 85 to 100% related in 60 and 75 degrees c reactions, and related sequences exhibited 1% or less base se ... | 1990 | 2275853 |
| a n-acetyllactosamine-specific cell-binding activity in a plant pathogen, erwinia rhapontici. | a strain of the phytopathogenic bacterial species, erwinia rhapontici, was found to cause hemagglutination of human erythrocytes that was specifically inhibited by beta-galactosides. of the monosaccharides tested, n-acetyl galactosamine and galactose efficiently inhibited the hemagglutination. the most potent inhibitor identified was ga1 beta 1-4glcnac that was 30-100-fold more potent than ga1 beta 1-3glcnac or ga1 beta 1-3galnac. fetuin had no effect on the hemagglutination whereas asialofetuin ... | 1988 | 2456952 |
| characterization of type 1 and mannose-resistant fimbriae of erwinia spp. | type 1 fimbriae from erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and mannose-resistant fimbriae from erwinia rhapontici were purified and characterized. the type 1 fimbrillin had an apparent molecular weight of 16,500; that of the mannose-resistant fimbrillin was 18,000. the amino-terminal amino acid sequences of the two fimbrillins were related, but tryptic peptide maps showed significant differences between the proteins. no serological cross-reaction was found between the two fimbrial filaments, nor ... | 1987 | 2883172 |
| erwinia rhapontici (millard) burkholder associated with pink grain of wheat. | | 1974 | 4608652 |
| the extraction and mechanism of a novel isomaltulose-synthesizing enzyme from erwinia rhapontici. | the single enzyme that mediates the bioconversion is demonstrated to be located in the cells' periplasmic space, a site that facilitates its use as an industrial biocatalyst, and to be a previously undescribed hexosyltransferase with four novel features. the enzyme is sucrose-specific, and has an intramolecular mechanism in which both glucose and fructose residues appear to be enzyme-bound. thirdly, it is reaction-non-selective, forming simultaneously isomaltulose and a second hitherto uncharact ... | 1984 | 6743261 |
| [the antagonistic activity of spore bacteria in relation to representatives of the genus erwinia]. | strains of 26 species of genus bacillus were examined for an antagonistic effect relative to erwiniosis agents: erwinia amylovora, erwinia carotovora, erwinia chryzanthemi, erwinia herbicola, erwinia rhapontici. the erwinia strain growth seized in the process of combined cultivation with microbes-antagonists. practically all the studied strains of bacteria of genus erwinia were sensitive to these or those bacillus cultures. a considerable number of erwinia strains studied were sensitive simultan ... | 1994 | 8087253 |
| proferrorosamines and phytopathogenicity in erwinia spp. | proferrorosamine a (pfr a) of the plant pathogenic bacterium erwinia rhapontici was shown to inhibit growth of wheat and cress seedlings at the > or = 10 ppm level. when the seeds were continuously exposed to 100 ppm pfr a, the germination of cress and wheat seeds was inhibited up to 90% and 80%, respectively. the inhibition could be reversed through addition of equimolar amounts of ferrous iron, which indicates that the strong iron chelating capability of pfr a is responsible for the observed e ... | 1997 | 9002178 |
| phylogenetic analysis of erwinia species based on 16s rrna gene sequences. | the phylogenetic relationships of the type strains of 16 erwinia species were investigated by performing a comparative analysis of the sequences of the 16s rrna genes of these organisms. the sequence data were analyzed by the neighbor-joining method, and each branch was supported by moderate bootstrap values. the phylogenetic tree and sequence analyses confirmed that the genus erwinia is composed of species that exhibit considerable heterogeneity and form four clades that are intermixed with mem ... | 1997 | 9336906 |
| first report of a human isolate of erwinia persicinus. | erwinia persicinus was first described in 1990 after being isolated from a variety of fruits and vegetables, including bananas, cucumbers, and tomatoes. in 1994, it was shown to be the causative agent of necrosis of bean pods. we now report the first human isolate of e. persicinus. the strain was isolated from the urine of an 88-year-old woman who presented with a urinary tract infection. by the hydroxyapatite method, dna from this strain was shown to be 94.5% related at 60 degrees c and 86% rel ... | 1998 | 9431957 |
| proposition for the biochemical mechanism occurring in the sucrose isomerase active site. | sucrose conversion by sucrose isomerase from protaminobacter rubrum, serratia plymuthica and erwinia rhapontici was investigated in the presence of different monosaccharides in the reaction mixture. these conditions led to inhibitory effects and to glucosyl transfer of the glucose moiety of sucrose to the exogen monosaccharide. comparison of the structure of the different inhibitors and acceptors has allowed us to suppose the binding of the sucrose molecule into the active site, and thereafter, ... | 1998 | 9891968 |
| reclassification of non-pigmented erwinia herbicola strains from trees as erwinia billingiae sp. nov. | twenty-two erwinia-like strains, isolated from trees since the late fifties and belonging to a distinct phenotypic group with resemblance to pantoea agglomerans, were further characterized by conventional biochemical tests, the biolog metabolic fingerprinting system and fatty acid analysis. their phylogenetic positions were determined by comparing the 16s rrna gene sequence of a representative strain to available sequences of erwinia, pantoea, pectobacterium and brenneria species. the strains we ... | 1999 | 10319458 |
| members of the amylovora group of erwinia are cellulolytic and possess genes homologous to the type ii secretion pathway. | a cellulase-producing clone was isolated from a genomic library of the erwinia rhapontici (millard) burkholder strain ncppb2989. the corresponding gene, named cela, encodes an endoglucanase (ec 3.2.1.4) with the extremely low ph optimum of 3.4 and a temperature optimum between 40 and 50 degrees c. a single orf of 999 nt was found to be responsible for the cel activity. the corresponding protein, named cela, showed 67% identity to the endoglucanase y of e. chrysanthemi and 51.5% identity to the e ... | 2000 | 10954089 |
| cloning and characterization of the gene cluster for palatinose metabolism from the phytopathogenic bacterium erwinia rhapontici. | erwinia rhapontici is able to convert sucrose into isomaltulose (palatinose, 6-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-d-fructose) and trehalulose (1-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-d-fructose) by the activity of a sucrose isomerase. these sucrose isomers cannot be metabolized by plant cells and most other organisms and therefore are possibly advantageous for the pathogen. this view is supported by the observation that in vitro yeast invertase activity can be inhibited by palatinose, thus preventing sucrose consumpti ... | 2001 | 11274100 |
| genotyping of bacteria belonging to the former erwinia genus by pcr-rflp analysis of a reca gene fragment. | genotypic characterization, based on the analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism of the reca gene fragment pcr product (reca pcr-rflp), was performed on members of the former erwinia genus. pcr primers deduced from published reca gene sequences of erwinia carotovora allowed the amplification of an approximately 730 bp dna fragment from each of the 19 erwinia species tested. amplified reca fragments were compared using rflp analysis with four endonucleases (alui, hinfi, tasi and tru1 ... | 2002 | 11832521 |
| high-level production of the non-cariogenic sucrose isomer palatinose in transgenic tobacco plants strongly impairs development. | palatinose (isomaltulose, 6-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-d-fructose) is a structural isomer of sucrose which is produced from sucrose by some bacterial strains as a reserve material during periods of low carbon availability. the ability to synthesise palatinose is not only advantageous for the bacteria but is also of industrial interest since palatinose is used as a sucrose substitute in food production. to explore the possibility of palatinose production in plants a recently isolated sucrose isomer ... | 2002 | 11855640 |
| potato tubers as bioreactors for palatinose production. | palatinose (isomaltulose, 6-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-d-fructose) is a structural isomer of sucrose with very similar physico-chemical properties. due to its non-cariogenicity and low calorific value it is an ideal sugar substitute for use in food production. palatinose is produced on an industrial scale from sucrose by an enzymatic rearrangement using immobilized bacterial cells. to explore the potential of transgenic plants as alternative production facilities for palatinose, a chimeric sucrose ... | 2002 | 12142148 |
| characterization of five phyllosphere bacteria isolated from rosa rugosa leaves, and their phenotypic and metabolic properties. | five gram-negative bacteria, all of which were enterobacteriaceae, were isolated from the phyllosphere of green or senescing leaves of rosa rugosa, and their phenotypic and physiological characteristics were examined. partial 16s rdna sequences led to identification of these isolates as pantoea agglomerans, klebsiella terrigena, erwinia rhapontici, and two strains of rahnella aquatilis. interestingly, these phyllosphere bacteria had certain phenotypic and physiological convergences, while they s ... | 2002 | 12506991 |
| distinct sucrose isomerases catalyze trehalulose synthesis in whiteflies, bemisia argentifolii, and erwinia rhapontici. | isomaltulose [alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1,6)-d-fructofuranose] and trehalulose [alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-(1,1)-d-fructofuranose] are commercially valuable sucrose-substitutes that are produced in several microorganisms by the pali gene product, a sucrose isomerase. trehalulose also occurs in the silverleaf whitefly, bemisia argentifoli, as the major carbohydrate in the insect's honeydew. to determine if the enzyme that synthesizes trehalulose in whiteflies was similar to the well-characterized sucro ... | 2003 | 12798947 |
| enhanced conversion of sucrose to isomaltulose by a mutant of erwinia rhapontici. | mutagenesis of erwinia rhapontici was performed to enhance the production of isomaltulose from sucrose. a mutant strain, bn 68089, was obtained through a screening process involving automated and miniaturized cultivation in bioscreen c. this high-throughput, miniaturized screening system was optimized to identify the mutant strain, which had a conversion yield (90%) and productivity (194 g l(-1) h(-1)). the bn 68089 mutant cells were immobilized in sodium alginate and when operated in a packed b ... | 2003 | 12967009 |
| characterization of pantoea dispersa uq68j: producer of a highly efficient sucrose isomerase for isomaltulose biosynthesis. | isolation, identification and characterization of a highly efficient isomaltulose producer. | 2004 | 15186446 |
| identification of a chromosome-borne class c beta-lactamase from erwinia rhapontici. | to characterize the beta-lactamase gene content of erwinia rhapontici. | 2004 | 15472000 |
| characterization of the highly efficient sucrose isomerase from pantoea dispersa uq68j and cloning of the sucrose isomerase gene. | sucrose isomerase (si) genes from pantoea dispersa uq68j, klebsiella planticola uq14s, and erwinia rhapontici wac2928 were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the predicted products of the uq14s and wac2928 genes were similar to known sis. the uq68j si differed substantially, and it showed the highest isomaltulose-producing efficiency in e. coli cells. the purified recombinant wac2928 si was unstable, whereas purified uq68j and uq14s sis were very stable. uq68j si activity was optimal at p ... | 2005 | 15746363 |
| 'candidatus erwinia dacicola', a coevolved symbiotic bacterium of the olive fly bactrocera oleae (gmelin). | the taxonomic identity of the hereditary prokaryotic symbiont of the olive fly bactrocera oleae (diptera: tephritidae) was investigated. in order to avoid superficial microbial contaminants and loosely associated saprophytic biota, flies were surface-sterilized at the larval stage and reared under aseptic conditions until adult emergence. b. oleae flies originating from different geographical locations and collected at different times of the year were tested. bacterial isolation was undertaken f ... | 2005 | 16014495 |
| application of response surface methodology to cell immobilization for the production of palatinose. | response surface methodology (rsm), based on multivariate non-linear model, was applied to study the interactions and optimization of the immobilization parameters for cell entrapment, namely alginate concentration, cell loading and bead diameter using erwinia rhapontici ncppb 1578 that produced palatinose. anova analysis and statistical parameters calculations showed that rsm could be used effectively to model and improve a complex system like cell immobilization. palatinose yield was increased ... | 2007 | 17113282 |
| analysis of bacterial community during the fermentation of pulque, a traditional mexican alcoholic beverage, using a polyphasic approach. | in this study, the characterization of the bacterial community present during the fermentation of pulque, a traditional mexican alcoholic beverage from maguey (agave), was determined for the first time by a polyphasic approach in which both culture and non-culture dependent methods were utilized. the work included the isolation of lactic acid bacteria (lab), aerobic mesophiles, and 16s rdna clone libraries from total dna extracted from the maguey sap (aguamiel) used as substrate, after inoculati ... | 2008 | 18450312 |
| isomaltulose production using immobilized cells. | three strains of erwinia rhapontici especially suitable for use in the form of nongrowing immobilized cells were selected by screening strains of cells for high activity and operational stability in an immobilized form. immobilization in calcium alginate gel pellets was easily the best method of immobilizing e. rhapontici. much greater operational stabilities were obtained than when other immobilization methods were used. conditions of operation which optimize the activity, stability, and yield ... | 1985 | 18553695 |
| [physiological and biochemical properties of the bacterium erwinia rhapontici, a producer of isomaltulose synthase]. | optimum conditions for the biosynthesis of isomaltulose synthase by submerged cultures of the bacterium erwinia rhapontici, grown in the presence of 10% sucrose, have been determined (temperature of culturing, 30 degrees c; initial ph level, 7.5; duration of culturing, 54 h). the electrophoretically homogeneous preparation of the enzyme, thus obtained, had a specific activity of 210 u/mg protein. optimum function of the enzyme was observed at 30 degrees c and ph 6.0. isomaltulose synthase exhibi ... | 2008 | 19145968 |
| evolution and biochemistry of family 4 glycosidases: implications for assigning enzyme function in sequence annotations. | glycosyl hydrolase family 4 (gh4) is exceptional among the 114 families in this enzyme superfamily. members of gh4 exhibit unusual cofactor requirements for activity, and an essential cysteine residue is present at the active site. of greatest significance is the fact that members of gh4 employ a unique catalytic mechanism for cleavage of the glycosidic bond. by phylogenetic analysis, and from available substrate specificities, we have assigned a majority of the enzymes of gh4 to five subgroups. ... | 2009 | 19625389 |
| cloning and characterization of a sucrose isomerase from erwinia rhapontici nx-5 for isomaltulose hyperproduction. | the sucrose isomerase (siase) gene from an efficient strain of erwinia rhapontici nx-5 for isomaltulose hyperproduction was cloned and overexpressed in escherichia coli. protein sequence alignment revealed that siase was a member of the glycoside hydrolase 13 family. the molecular mass of the purified recombinant protein was estimated at 66 kda by sds-page. the siase had an optimal ph and temperature of 5.0 and 30 °c, respectively, with a k (m) of 257 mmol/l and v (max) of 48.09 μmol/l/s for suc ... | 2011 | 20589449 |
| purification and characterization of a highly selective sucrose isomerase from erwinia rhapontici nx-5. | a highly selective sucrose isomerase (siase) was purified to homogeneity from the cell-free extract of erwinia rhapontici nx-5 with a recovery of 27.7% and a fold purification of 213.6. the purified siase showed a high specific activity of 427.1 u mg(-1) with molecular weight of 65.6 kda. the k (m) for sucrose was 222 mm while v (max) was 546 u mg(-1). the optimum ph and temperature for siase activity were 6.0 and 30 °c, respectively. the purified siase was stable in the temperature range of 10- ... | 2011 | 21229265 |
| sucrose isomerase and its mutants from erwinia rhapontici can synthesise α-arbutin. | sucrose isomerase (si) from erwinia rhapontici is an intramolecular isomerase that is normally used to synthesise isomaltulose from sucrose by a mechanism of intramolecular transglycosylation. in this study, it was found that si could synthesise α-arbutin using hydroquinone and sucrose as substrates, via an intermolecular transglycosylation reaction. five phenylalanine residues (f185, f186, f205, f297, and f321) in the catalytic pocket of si were chosen for site-directed mutagenesis. mutants f18 ... | 2011 | 21592077 |
| enhanced antibacterial activity of an attacin-coleoptericin hybrid protein fused with a helical linker. | previously, we isolated and characterized attacin from spodoptera exigua and a coleoptericin-like protein from protaetia brevitarsis seulensis. in this study, we fused these two genes encoding antimicrobial proteins to obtain a hybrid protein with enhanced antimicrobial activity. to fuse the two antimicrobial proteins, we employed helical and non-helical linker sequences that function as inter-domain linkers in proteins. we used the gly-gly-gly-gly-ser peptide as a non-helical linker. the hybrid ... | 2012 | 23271135 |
| bacillus licheniformis trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase structures suggest keys to substrate specificity. | trehalose-6-phosphate hydrolase (trea) belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 13 (gh13) and catalyzes the hydrolysis of trehalose 6-phosphate (t6p) to yield glucose and glucose 6-phosphate. the products of this reaction can be further metabolized by the energy-generating glycolytic pathway. here, crystal structures of bacillus licheniformis trea (bltrea) and its r201q mutant complexed with p-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (r201q-ppng) are presented at 2.0 and 2.05 å resolution, respectively. the ... | 2016 | 26894535 |
| molecular characterization of spoilage bacteria as a means to observe the microbiological quality of carrot. | this study characterized the bacteria causing decay of carrots during storage and marketing. spoilage strains were identified by 16s-amplified rdna restriction analysis and intergenic transcribed spacer-pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (its-pcr-rflp). genotypic fingerprinting by rflp-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to assess the genetic diversity of the isolates. a total of 252 pseudomonas isolates from carrots were identified and classified into eight separate groups. most ... | 2012 | 22410227 |
| fe2+ chelator proferrorosamine a: a gene cluster of erwinia rhapontici p45 involved in its synthesis and its impact on growth of erwinia amylovora cfbp1430. | proferrorosamine a (profra) is an iron (fe2+) chelator produced by the opportunistic plant pathogen erwinia rhapontici p45. to identify genes involved in profra synthesis, transposon mutagenesis was performed. the identified 9.3 kb gene cluster, comprising seven genes, designated rosa-rosg, encodes proteins that are involved in profra synthesis. based on gene homologies, a biosynthetic pathway model for profra is proposed. to obtain a better understanding of the effect of profra on non-profra pr ... | 2016 | 26732708 |
| the structural basis of erwinia rhapontici isomaltulose synthase. | sucrose isomerase nx-5 from erwiniarhapontici efficiently catalyzes the isomerization of sucrose to isomaltulose (main product) and trehalulose (by-product). to investigate the molecular mechanism controlling sucrose isomer formation, we determined the crystal structures of native nx-5 and its mutant complexes e295q/sucrose and d241a/glucose at 1.70 å, 1.70 å and 2.00 å, respectively. the overall structure and active site architecture of nx-5 resemble those of other reported sucrose isomerases. ... | 2013 | 24069347 |