| chlorophyll synthesis in dark-grown pine primary needles | the pigment content of dark-grown primary needles of pinus jeffreyi l. and pinus sylvestris l. was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. the state of protochlorophyllide a and of chlorophylls during dark growth were analyzed by in situ 77 k fluorescence spectroscopy. both measurements unambiguously demonstrated that pine primary needles are able to synthesize chlorophyll in the dark. norflurazon strongly inhibited both carotenoid and chlorophyll synthesis. needles of plants treat ... | 1998 | 9847090 |
| founder effects and the genetic structure of coulter pine. | mean expected heterozygosity at 33 isozyme loci decreased with latitude from 0.193 near the southern extreme of coulter pine's range to 0.107 at its northern extreme. this decrease was paralleled by a loss of alleles north of the peninsular ranges of southern california. fifteen alleles dropped out along the roughly lineal range, at points coincident with large gaps in the species' distribution. the pattern may reflect a cascading series of founder events as coulter pine invaded the trans. verse ... | 2000 | 10912678 |
| isolation and endocrine regulation of an hmg-coa synthase cdna from the male jeffrey pine beetle, dendroctonus jeffreyi (coleoptera: scolytidae). | we have isolated a full length 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a synthase (hmg-s) cdna from the male jeffrey pine beetle, dendroctonus jeffreyi hopkins, and studied the effects of topical applications of juvenile hormone iii (jh iii) on its expression. the predicted translation product of this apparently single copy gene has 63% and 58% identity with hmg-s1 and hmg-s2 from blattella germanica (l.), and 61% identity with drosophila melanogaster hmgs. hmg-s transcript levels remain uniformly l ... | 2000 | 11044666 |
| mediterranean climate effects. i. conifer water use across a sierra nevada ecotone. | xylem water potential of the midelevation conifers pinus jeffreyi, pinus lambertiana, abies concolor, and calocedrus decurrens, the higher elevation pinus monticola and abies magnifica, and co-occurring evergreen angiosperm shrubs, together with soil moisture under these plants, were monitored at three sites on the kern plateau in the southernmost sierra nevada range of california: site locations spanned the ecotone between the mid- and upper montane forests at elevations of 2230-2820 m. measure ... | 2001 | 11353716 |
| mediterranean climate effects. ii. conifer growth phenology across a sierra nevada ecotone. | growth and xylem water potential of the lower elevation conifers pinus jeffreyi and abies concolor and the higher elevation pinus monticola and abies magnifica were monitored in their montane mediterranean habitat of the southernmost sierra nevada mountains of california: measurements were made across the ecotone between the midmontane and upper montane forests and through light and heavy snowfall years. radial stem growth, averaging approximately 1.5 mm/yr, started 2 wk after snow melt, providi ... | 2001 | 11353717 |
| biochemistry of short-chain alkanes (tissue-specific biosynthesis of n-heptane in pinus jeffreyi). | short-chain (c7-c11) alkanes accumulate as the volatile component of oleoresin (pitch) in several pine species native to western north america. to establish the tissue most amenable for use in detailed studies of short-chain alkane biosynthesis, we examined the tissue specificity of alkane accumulation and biosynthesis in pinus jeffreyi grev. & balf. short-chain alkane accumulation was highly tissue specific in both 2-year-old saplings and mature trees; heart-wood xylem accumulated alkanes up to ... | 1996 | 12226177 |
| evidence for an elongation/reduction/c1-elimination pathway in the biosynthesis of n-heptane in xylem of jeffrey pine. | the biosynthetic pathway to n-heptane was investigated by examining the effect of the [beta]-keto acyl-acyl carrier protein synthase inhibitor (2r,3s)-2,3-epoxy-4-oxo-7e,10e-dodecadienamide (cerulenin), a thiol reagent ([beta]-mercaptoethanol), and an aldehydetrapping reagent (hydroxylamine) on the biosynthesis of n-[14c]heptane and putative intermediates in xylem sections of jeffrey pine (pinus jeffreyi grev.& balf.) incubated with [14c]acetate. cerulenin inhibited c18 fatty acid biosynthesis b ... | 1996 | 12226360 |
| climatic and stream-flow controls on tree growth in a western montane riparian forest. | humans have severely impacted riparian ecosystems through water diversions, impoundments, and consumptive uses. effective management of these important areas is becoming an increasingly high priority of land managers, particularly as municipal, industrial, and recreational demands for water increase. we examined radial tree growth of four riparian tree species ( pinus jeffreyi, populus trichocarpa, betula occidentalis, and pinus monophylla) along bishop creek, california, and developed models re ... | 2002 | 12375088 |
| male jeffrey pine beetle, dendroctonus jeffreyi, synthesizes the pheromone component frontalin in anterior midgut tissue. | the male jeffrey pine beetle, dendroctonus jeffreyi hopkins (coleoptera: scolytidae), produces the bicyclic ketal frontalin as part of a complex semiochemical blend. a key regulated enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase (hmg-r), showed high transcript levels in the anterior midgut of male jeffrey pine beetles by in situ hybridization. hmg-r expression in this area of the alimentary canal was related to male emergence, where emerged males demonstrated signific ... | 2002 | 12530220 |
| structure and juvenile hormone-mediated regulation of the hmg-coa reductase gene from the jeffrey pine beetle, dendroctonus jeffreyi. | in several pine bark beetle species, juvenile hormone (jh) iii regulated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase (hmg-r) gene expression has an important role in monoterpenoid pheromone production in males. we investigated the structure and regulated expression of the hmg-r gene (hmg-r) in the jeffrey pine beetle, dendroctonus jeffreyi. cdna and genomic sequences were recovered using a combination of library screening and pcr. the transcribed portion of the gene spans 9.8 kb and is inter ... | 2003 | 12581875 |
| water source utilization by pinus jeffreyi and arctostaphylos patula on thin soils over bedrock. | stable isotopes were used to evaluate water sources for co-occurring jeffrey pine (pinus jeffreyi grev & balf.) and greenleaf manzanita (arctostaphylos patula greene) in the southern sierra nevada, california, where soils averaged only 75 cm thick but were underlain by up to 5 m of weathered granitic bedrock. soils and underlying weathered bedrock were sampled three times during both the 1997 and 1998 growing seasons, in 25 cm increments, from 0 to 400 cm or until hard bedrock was reached, and p ... | 2003 | 12647178 |
| a novel sex-specific and inducible monoterpene synthase activity associated with a pine bark beetle, the pine engraver, ips pini. | ecological interactions of conifers and coniferophagous bark beetles are determined in part by terpenoids (isoprenoids), which are major defense metabolites of conifer oleoresin. curiously, similar compounds are important aggregation pheromones of conifer-attacking bark beetles. terpene synthases are responsible for generating the enormous variety of terpenoid carbon skeletons found in nature. these catalysts convert short-chain prenyl diphosphates to a diverse assortment of hemiterpene, monoter ... | 2003 | 12712251 |
| variation in morphological and biochemical o3 injury attributes of mature jeffrey pine within canopies and between microsites. | crown morphology and leaf tissue chemical and biochemical attributes associated with ozone (o3) injury were assessed in the lower, mid- and upper canopy of jeffrey pine (pinus jeffreyi grev. & balf.) growing in mesic and xeric microsites in sequoia national park, california. microsites were designated mesic or xeric based on topography and bole growth in response to years of above-average precipitation. in mesic microsites, canopy response to o3 was characterized by thinner branches, earlier nee ... | 2003 | 14532016 |
| reconstructing tritium exposure using tree rings at lawrence berkeley national laboratory, california. | annual tritium exposures were reconstructed using tree cores from pinus jeffreyi and eucalyptus globulus near a tritiated water vapor release stack. both tritium (3h) and carbon-14 (14c) from the wood were measured from milligram samples using accelerator mass spectrometry. because the annual nature of the eucalyptus tree rings was in doubt, 14c measurements provided growth rates used to estimate the age for 3h determinations. a 30-yr comparison of organically bound tritium (obt) levels to repor ... | 2003 | 14572081 |
| effects of subsoiling on lateral roots, sucrose metabolizing enzymes, and soil ergosterol in two jeffrey pine stands. | we determined the effects of subsoiling on woody lateral roots and enzyme activities involved in stem carbon metabolism of 90- to 100-year-old jeffrey pine (pinus jeffreyi grev. and balf.) growing on the eastern side of the california sierra nevada range. twelve 1.0-ha plots were established on each of two sites. four site treatments-thinning and subsoiling entire plots, thinning and no subsoiling, thinning and subsoiling skid trails only, and no thinning or subsoiling (undisturbed control)-were ... | 1996 | 14871795 |
| dry deposition of nitrogen and sulfur to ponderosa and jeffrey pine in the san bernardino national forest in southern california. | little is known about the concentrations, deposition rates, and effects of nitrogenous and sulfurous compounds in photochemical smog in the san bernardino national forest (sbnf) in southern california. dry deposition of no(3)(-) and nh(4)(+) to foliage of ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa laws.) and jeffrey pine (pinus jeffreyi grev. & balf.) was correlated (r = 0.83-0.88) with historical average hourly o(3) concentations at 10 sites across an o(3) gradient in the sbnf. mean deposition fluxes of n ... | 1993 | 15091813 |
| acid mist and ozone effects on the leaf chemistry of two western conifer species. | seedlings of jeffrey pine (pinus jeffreyi) and giant sequoia (sequoiadendron gigantea) were more susceptible to leaf chemical changes following exposure to acid mist (ph 3.4-2.0) or acid mist/ozone combinations, than to ozone alone (0.1-0.2 microl/litre), when plants were exposed to alternating doses of these pollutants for 6-9 weeks. under acid mist treatment, leaves exhibited higher levels of nitrogen and sulfur, two elements applied in acid mist. in addition, levels of foliar sodium, and, in ... | 1989 | 15092463 |
| relationships of ozone exposure to pine injury in the sierra nevada and san bernardino mountains of california, usa. | hourly ambient ozone exposure data and crown injury measurements were gathered in the sierra nevada and san bernardino mountains of california to develop relationships between the ozone injury index (oii), the forest pest management index (fpm), chlorotic mottle, fascicle retention (oii index components) and cumulative ambient ozone indices for pinus ponderosa dougl. ex laws and pinus jeffreyi grev. and balf. eleven sites located in the mixed conifer forest near ambient ozone monitoring sites we ... | 1998 | 15093091 |
| the effects of heat treatments on ectomycorrhizal resistant propagules and their ability to colonize bioassay seedlings. | the effect of disturbance on the resistant propagule community (rpc) of ectomycorrhizal fungi has been given relatively little attention. in this study we investigate the effects of heat, one important factor of fire disturbances, on the ability of ectomycorrhizal rpc fungi to colonize pinus jeffreyi seedlings in greenhouse bioassays. prior to planting the seed, soils were collected from an old growth mixed-conifer forest in the southern sierra nevada, california, usa and then subjected to four ... | 2006 | 16387485 |
| the effect of different pine hosts on the sampling of rhizopogon spore banks in five eastern sierra nevada forests. | our primary goal was to determine whether detection of rhizopogon internal transcribed spacer (its) groups is affected by the pine species used in seedling bioassays. our secondary goal was to investigate composition of rhizopogon spore banks in the eastern sierra nevada of california, a previously unsampled region. we used seedlings of pinus contorta, pinus jeffreyi, pinus lambertiana, and pinus muricata as bioassay plants and identified the rhizopogon retrieved by internal transcribed spacer ( ... | 2006 | 16626476 |
| embryo dormancy of pinus jeffreyi murr. seed as affected by temperature, water uptake, stratification, and seed coat. | | 1957 | 16654968 |
| compartmental utilization of carboxyl-c-tripalmitin by tissue homogenate of pine seeds. | a tissue homogenate of megagemetophyte of germinating seeds of jeffrey pine (pinus jefferii grev. and balf.) was incubated with sonication-dispersed and albumin-carried (14)c-tripalmitin in order to elucidate the sequential and quantitative role of cellular organelles in utilizing lipid reserve in seeds. after 5 minutes at 30 c, 25% of the tracer was localized in the fat body fraction, 9% in the pellet containing mitochondria and glyoxysomes, 14% in the supernatant, and 2% was found as co(2). ra ... | 1973 | 16658315 |
| extended host range of agrobacterium tumefaciens in the genus pinus. | two-to 4-month-old seedlings of nine pine species (pinus eldarica medw., pinus elliottii engelm., pinus jeffreyi grev. & balf., pinus lambertiana dougl., pinus ponderosa laws., pinus radiata d. don, pinus sylvestris l., pinus taeda l., pinus virginiana mill), douglas fir (pseudotsuaa menziesii (mirb.) franco) and incense cedar (libocedrus decurrens torr.) were inoculated with five strains of agrobacterium tumefaciens. transformation occurred in all conifer species tested as determined by gall fo ... | 1990 | 16667394 |
| spatial structure and richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi colonizing bioassay seedlings from resistant propagules in a sierra nevada forest: comparisons using two hosts that exhibit different seedling establishment patterns. | in this study we analyzed the spatial structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi present in the soils as resistant propagules (e.g. spores or sclerotia) in a mixed-conifer forest in the sierra nevada, california. soils were collected under old-growth abies spp. stands across approximately 1 km and bioassayed with seedlings of hosts that establish best in stronger light (pinus jeffreyi) or that are shade-tolerant (abies concolor). ectomycorrhizal fungi colonizing the roots were characterized with molecul ... | 2006 | 17040066 |
| isozyme markers associated with o(3) tolerance indicate shift in genetic structure of ponderosa and jeffrey pine in sequoia national park, california. | effects of canopy ozone (o(3)) exposure and signatures of genetic structure using isozyme markers associated with o(3) tolerance were analyzed in approximately 20-, approximately 80-, and >200-yr-old ponderosa (pinus ponderosa dougl. ex laws.) and jeffrey pine (pinus jeffreyi grev. & balf.) in sequoia national park, california. for both species, the number of alleles and genotypes per loci was higher in parental trees relative to saplings. in ponderosa pine, the heterozygosity value increased, a ... | 2007 | 17698266 |
| linking summer foraging to winter survival in yellow pine chipmunks (tamias amoenus). | this study links summer foraging and scatter-hoarding to winter larder-hoarding and winter survival in yellow pine chipmunks (tamias amoenus) by comparing patterns of time allocation and winter larder contents in 2 years with very different levels of resource availability. in 2003, seed production and the number of trees and shrubs producing seeds were high. in 2004 seed crops were small. chipmunks allocated more time to foraging when food resources were scarce (66% in 2004) compared to when the ... | 2008 | 18560900 |
| on the relative contributions of wind vs. animals to seed dispersal of four sierra nevada pines. | selective pressures that influence the form of seed dispersal syndromes are poorly understood. morphology of plant propagules is often used to infer the means of dispersal, but morphology can be misleading. several species of pines, for example, have winged seeds adapted for wind dispersal but owe much of their establishment to scatter-hoarding animals. here the relative importance of wind vs. animal dispersal is assessed for four species of pines of the eastern sierra nevada that have winged se ... | 2008 | 18705371 |
| dwarf mistletoe-host interactions in mixed-conifer forests in the sierra nevada. | abstract we determined the spatial pattern of dwarf mistletoe (arceuthobium spp.) associated with two different conifer hosts, white fir (abies concolor) and jeffrey pine (pinus jeffreyi), in forests around the lake tahoe basin and at the teakettle experimental forest, both located in the sierra nevada. we also examined a number of host variables and bark beetle incidence to determine how these factors might be involved in the arceuthobium-conifer interaction. there was no significant relationsh ... | 2002 | 18944255 |
| pigment-based identification of ozone-damaged pine needles as a basis for spectral segregation of needle conditions. | air pollution affects large areas of forest, and field assessment of these effects is a costly, site-specific process. this paper establishes a biochemical basis for identifying ozone-damaged pine trees to facilitate efficient remote sensing assessment of air pollution damage. several thousand live needles were collected from ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa) and jeffrey pine (p. jeffreyi) trees at three sites in plumas national forest and sequoia-kings canyon national park. these needles were as ... | 2009 | 19329674 |
| forest rodents provide directed dispersal of jeffrey pine seeds. | some species of animals provide directed dispersal of plant seeds by transporting them nonrandomly to microsites where their chances of producing healthy seedlings are enhanced. we investigated whether this mutualistic interaction occurs between granivorous rodents and jeffrey pine (pinus jeffreyi) in the eastern sierra nevada by comparing the effectiveness of random abiotic seed dispersal with the dispersal performed by four species of rodents: deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), yellow-pine an ... | 2009 | 19341138 |
| plasticity in physiological traits in conifers: implications for response to climate change in the western u.s. | population variation in ecophysiological traits of four co-occurring montane conifers was measured on a large latitudinal gradient to quantitatively assess their potential for response to environmental change. white fir (abies concolor) had the highest variability, gross photosynthetic rate (pg), and foliar carbon (c) and nitrogen (n) content. despite low water use efficiency (wue), stomatal conductance (gs) of fir was the most responsive to unfavorable environmental conditions. pinus lambertian ... | 2010 | 20056301 |
| edaphic limitations to growth and photosynthesis in sierran and great basin vegetation. | soils derived from hydrothermally altered andesite support unique communities of sierran conifers (pinus ponderosa laws. and p. jeffreyi grev. and balf.) amongst sagebrush (artemisia tridentata nutt.) vegetation in the western great basin. plants grown in soil derived from hydrothermally altered bedrock had lower growth rates, total biomass, and net photosynthetic rates than plants grown in soil derived from unaltered andesite of the same formation. total dry mass was 10 to 28% lower for conifer ... | 1989 | 28312357 |