| mechanism of antigenic variation in an individual epitope on influenza virus n9 neuraminidase. | monoclonal antibodies which inhibit influenza virus neuraminidase (na) and which therefore indirectly neutralize virus infectivity bind to epitopes located on the rim of the active-site crater. the three-dimensional structure of one of these epitopes, recognized by monoclonal antibody nc41, has previously been determined (w. r. tulip, j. n. varghese, r. g. webster, g. m. air, w. g. laver, and p. m. colman, cold spring harbor symp. quant. biol. 54:257-263, 1989). nineteen escape mutants of influe ... | 1990 | 1700825 |
| molecular epidemiologic studies on north american h9 avian influenza virus isolates from waterfowl and shorebirds. | because sequence data on h9 avian influenza virus (aiv) from wild birds are currently limited, we set out to determine the sequence of the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of h9 viruses circulating in north american waterfowl and shorebirds. in this study, we examined the ha gene from h9 aiv isolated from mallards (anas platyrhynchos) sampled during 1998 and 1999 in minnesota and ruddy turnstones (arenaria interpres) sampled during 2003 in delaware and new jersey. at these sites, the h9n2 subtype represe ... | 2007 | 17494604 |
| is the occurrence of avian influenza virus in charadriiformes species and location dependent? | birds in the order charadriiformes were sampled at multiple sites in the eastern half of the continental usa, as well as at argentina, chile, and bermuda, during 1999-2005, and tested for avian influenza virus (aiv). of more than 9,400 birds sampled, aiv virus was isolated from 290 birds. although ruddy turnstones (arenaria interpres) comprised just 25% of birds sampled, they accounted for 87% of isolates. only eight aiv isolations were made from birds at four locations outside of the delaware b ... | 2008 | 18436667 |
| avian paramyxoviruses in shorebirds and gulls. | there are nine serotypes of avian paramyxovirus (apmv), including apmv-1, or newcastle disease virus. although free-flying ducks and geese have been extensively monitored for apmv, limited information is available for species in the order charadriiformes. from 2000 to 2005 we tested cloacal swabs from 9,128 shorebirds and gulls (33 species, five families) captured in 10 states within the usa and in three countries in the caribbean and south america. avian paramyxoviruses were isolated from 60 (0 ... | 2010 | 20688640 |
| novel coronavirus and astrovirus in delaware bay shorebirds. | wild birds are an important but to some extent under-studied reservoir for emerging pathogens. we used unbiased sequencing methods for virus discovery in shorebird samples from the delaware bay, usa; an important feeding ground for thousands of migratory birds. | 2014 | 24699424 |
| molecular characterization of subtype h11n9 avian influenza virus isolated from shorebirds in brazil. | migratory aquatic birds play an important role in the maintenance and spread of avian influenza viruses (aiv). many species of aquatic migratory birds tend to use similar migration routes, also known as flyways, which serve as important circuits for the dissemination of aiv. in recent years there has been extensive surveillance of the virus in aquatic birds in the northern hemisphere; however in contrast only a few studies have been attempted to detect aiv in wild birds in south america. there a ... | 2015 | 26689791 |
| avian influenza virus (h11n9) in migratory shorebirds wintering in the amazon region, brazil. | aquatic birds are the natural reservoir for avian influenza viruses (aiv). habitats in brazil provide stopover and wintering sites for water birds that migrate between north and south america. the current study was conducted to elucidate the possibility of the transport of influenza a viruses by birds that migrate annually between the northern and southern hemispheres. in total, 556 orotracheal/cloacal swab samples were collected for influenza a virus screening using real-time rt-pcr (rrt-pcr). ... | 2014 | 25329399 |
| avian influenza virus ecology in iceland shorebirds: intercontinental reassortment and movement. | shorebirds are a primary reservoir of avian influenza viruses (aiv). we conducted surveillance studies in iceland shorebird populations for 3 years, documenting high serological evidence of aiv exposure in shorebirds, primarily in ruddy turnstones (arenaria interpres; seroprevalence=75%). however, little evidence of virus infection was found in these shorebird populations and only two turnstone aivs (h2n7; h5n1) were able to be phylogenetically examined. these analyses showed that viruses from i ... | 2014 | 25239729 |
| variation in the responses of wild species of duck, gull, and wader to inoculation with a wild-bird-origin h6n2 low pathogenicity avian influenza virus. | there is poor understanding of host responses to avian influenza virus (aiv) infection in wild birds, with most experimental studies using captive-bred birds and highly pathogenic aivs that have an early endpoint. the objective of this study was to experimentally assess antibody responses and patterns of viral excretion in wild birds challenged with a low pathogenicity aiv. ruddy turnstones (arenaria interpres), silver gulls (chroicocephalus novaehollandiae), and wandering whistling ducks (dendr ... | 2013 | 24283122 |
| identification of type a influenza viruses from wild birds on the delmarva peninsula, 2007-10. | wild waterfowl and shorebirds in the delaware-maryland-virginia (delmarva) peninsula region within the atlantic flyway were sampled as part of the early detection of highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza (ai) in wild migratory birds program. the u.s. department of agriculture (usda) and state wildlife agencies submitted 7858 samples for ai virus (aiv) testing by real-time reverse transcription pcr (rrt-pcr) to the university of delaware poultry health system from april 2007 to march 2011. virus ... | 2017 | 28301233 |
| identification of avian coronavirus in wild aquatic birds of the central and eastern usa. | coronaviruses (covs) are worldwide in distribution, highly infectious, and difficult to control because of their extensive genetic diversity, short generation time, and high mutation rates. genetically diverse covs have been reported from wild aquatic birds that may represent a potential reservoir for avian covs as well as hosts for mutations and recombination events leading to new serotypes or genera. we tested 133 pooled samples representing 700 first-passage (in eggs) and 303 direct cloacal s ... | 2015 | 25380364 |
| variation in the innate and acquired arms of the immune system among five shorebird species. | to contribute to an understanding of the evolutionary processes that shape variation in immune responses, we compared several components of the innate and acquired arms of the immune system in five related, but ecologically diverse, migratory shorebirds (ruff philomachus pugnax l., ruddy turnstone arenaria interpres l., bar-tailed godwit limosa lapponica l., sanderling calidris alba pallas and red knot c. canutus l.). we used a hemolysis-hemagglutination assay in free-living shorebirds to assess ... | 2006 | 16391350 |
| [microphallidae (digenea) from southern africa, parasites of charadrii (aves). second note]. | the authors present new geographical and diagnostic information for microphallids (trematoda: digenea) from the coast of namibia (southern africa): maritrema eroliae yamaguti, 1939 from charadrius marginatus vieillot; odhneria odhneri travassos, 1921 from arenaria interpres l.; microphallus bilobatus cable, connor & balling, 1960 from c. marginatus; and levinseniella propinqua jägerskiöld, 1907 from c. marginatus and a. interpres. these are new geographical and host records. the position and var ... | 2004 | 14755173 |
| helminth parasites in six species of shorebirds (charadrii) from the coast of belize. | thirteen species of helminth parasites were recovered from six species of charadriid shorebirds (aves: charadriiformes) from belize: the ruddy turnstone, arenaria interpres, the snowy plover, charadrius alexandrinus, the semipalmated plover, c. semipalmatus, the killdeer, c. vociferus, the white-rumped sandpiper, calidris fuscicollis, and the black-bellied plover, pluvialis squatarola. cestode species were predominant (n = 8), followed by trematode species (n = 3) and acanthocephala (n = 2). the ... | 2001 | 11562710 |
| intestinal microbiota and species diversity of campylobacter and helicobacter spp. in migrating shorebirds in delaware bay. | using 16s rrna gene sequencing analysis, we examined the bacterial diversity and the presence of opportunistic bacterial pathogens (i.e., campylobacter and helicobacter) in red knot (calidris canutus; n = 40), ruddy turnstone (arenaria interpres; n = 35), and semipalmated sandpiper (calidris pusilla; n = 22) fecal samples collected during a migratory stopover in delaware bay. additionally, we studied the occurrence of campylobacter spp., enterococci, and waterfowl fecal source markers using quan ... | 2014 | 24413599 |
| coincident ruddy turnstone migration and horseshoe crab spawning creates an ecological 'hot spot' for influenza viruses. | since 1985, avian influenza virus surveillance has been conducted annually from mid-may to early june in charadriiform species from the families scolopacidae and laridae (shorebirds and gulls) at delaware bay in the northeast united states. the mass migrations of shorebirds, gulls and horseshoe crabs (limulus polyphemus) coincide at that time, and large numbers of migrating birds pause at delaware bay to feed on horseshoe crab eggs deposited at the high-tide line. influenza viruses are consisten ... | 2010 | 20630885 |
| the ruddy turnstone, arenaria interpres interpres, a new definitive host for gynaecotyla squatarolae (digenea: microphallidae). | the ruddy turnstone, arenaria interpres interpres, a migratory korean bird, was proved to be a natural definitive host for gynaecotyla squatarolae (digenea: microphallidae). the ruddy turnstone was found dead at the seashore of okgueup, gunsan-si, jeollabuk-do. the intestinal tract was examined, and 98 unknown flukes were recovered. the worms were 600 284 micrometer in size, and had 2 ventral suckers. the seminal vesicle was large, the genital atrium was prominent, and the average egg size was 2 ... | 2008 | 18344677 |
| [sequence variation of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and phylogenetic relationships among twelve species of charadriiformes]. | studies of the phylogenetic relationships of the charadriiformes have been largely based on conservative morphological characters. during the past 10 years, many studies on the evolutionary biology of birds adopted phylogenetic information obtained from mitochondrial dna, but few work on the charadriiformes has been reported to date. therefore, phylogenetic relationships and classification of the charadriiformes remains controversial. in this study, we try to shed light on these relationships vi ... | 2003 | 12924155 |
| emergence of a potentially pathogenic h5n2 influenza virus in chickens. | highly pathogenic influenza a viruses periodically infect both humans and nonhuman animals, including chickens. to gain insight into the origin of influenza outbreaks in poultry, we investigated two h5n2 viruses, a/chicken/pennsylvania/13609/93 (ck/pa/93) and a/chicken/florida/25717/93 (ck/fla/93), that had been isolated in live-bird markets in pennsylvania and florida during surveillance studies in 1993. phylogenetic analysis of the ha genes of these isolates, as well as h5n2 viruses isolated f ... | 1994 | 8184538 |
| mitochondrial control-region sequences in two shorebird species, the turnstone and the dunlin, and their utility in population genetic studies. | we determined the mitochondrial control-region sequences of five turnstones (arenaria interpres) and three dunlins (calidris alpina). comparisons revealed that the central part (part ii) is conserved relative to much more variable parts at the beginning (part i) and the end (part iii). this pattern of sequence conservation is also found in the control regions of other vertebrates. the average sequence divergence between turnstone and dunlin was 21.8% for part i, 7.5% for part ii, and 29.5% for p ... | 1994 | 8121283 |
| concentrations of 17 elements, including mercury, and their relationship to fitness measures in arctic shorebirds and their eggs. | exposure to contaminants is one hypothesis proposed to explain the global decline in shorebirds, and this is of particular concern in the arctic. however, little information exists on contaminant levels in arctic-breeding shorebirds, especially in canada. we studied potential contaminants in three biparental shorebird species nesting in nunavut, canada: ruddy turnstones (arenaria interpres), black-bellied plovers (pluvialis squatarola) and semipalmated plovers (charadrius semipalmatus). blood, f ... | 2010 | 20434755 |
| concentrations of 17 elements, including mercury, in the tissues, food and abiotic environment of arctic shorebirds. | exposure to contaminants is one hypothesis proposed to explain the global decline in shorebirds, and is also an increasing concern in the arctic. we assessed potential contaminants (as, be, cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, mn, mo, ni, pb, sb, se, tl, v, and zn) at a shorebird breeding site in nunavut, canada. we compared element levels in soil, invertebrates and shorebird blood to assess evidence for bioconcentration and biomagnification within the arctic-based food chain. we tested whether elements in b ... | 2011 | 21762958 |
| avian influenza virus infection dynamics in shorebird hosts. | to gain insight into avian influenza virus (aiv) transmission, exposure, and maintenance patterns in shorebirds at delaware bay during spring migration, we examined temporal aiv prevalence trends in four charadriiformes species with the use of serial cross-sectional data from 2000 through 2008 and generalized linear and additive models. prevalence of aiv in ruddy turnstones (arenaria interpres morinella) increased after arrival, peaked in mid-late may, and decreased prior to departure. antibody ... | 2012 | 22493108 |
| the consequences of climate change at an avian influenza 'hotspot'. | avian influenza viruses (aivs) pose significant danger to human health. a key step in managing this threat is understanding the maintenance of aivs in wild birds, their natural reservoir. ruddy turnstones (arenaria interpres) are an atypical bird species in this regard, annually experiencing high aiv prevalence in only one location-delaware bay, usa, during their spring migration. while there, they congregate on beaches, attracted by the super-abundance of horseshoe crab eggs. a relationship bet ... | 2012 | 22933039 |
| investigating avian influenza infection hotspots in old-world shorebirds. | heterogeneity in the transmission rates of pathogens across hosts or environments may produce disease hotspots, which are defined as specific sites, times or species associations in which the infection rate is consistently elevated. hotspots for avian influenza virus (aiv) in wild birds are largely unstudied and poorly understood. a striking feature is the existence of a unique but consistent aiv hotspot in shorebirds (charadriiformes) associated with a single species at a specific location and ... | 2012 | 23029383 |
| influenza a viruses in ruddy turnstones (arenaria interpres); connecting wintering and migratory sites with an ecological hotspot at delaware bay. | each may for over three decades, avian influenza a viruses (iavs) have been isolated from shorebirds and gulls (order charadriiformes) at delaware bay (de bay), usa, which is a critical stopover site for shorebirds on their spring migration to arctic breeding grounds. at de bay, most isolates have been recovered from ruddy turnstones (arenaria interpres), but it is unknown if this species is involved in either the maintenance or movement of these viruses outside of this site. we collected and te ... | 2020 | 33105913 |
| long distance dispersal of the beach strawberry, fragaria chiloensis, from north america to chile and hawaii. | the beach strawberry, fragaria chiloensis (l.) duch, is found in a narrow coastal band from the aleutian islands to central california and then jumps thousands of kilometers all the way to hawaii and chile. since it likely had a north american origin, it must have been introduced to the other locations by long distance dispersal. the aim of this study was to determine which agent carried the beach strawberry to its pacific and south american locations. | 2020 | 32914164 |
| annual survival of ruddy turnstones is not affected by natural infection with low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. | the population of ruddy turnstones (arenaria interpres morinella) that migrates through delaware bay has undergone severe declines in recent years, attributable to reduced availability of horseshoe crab (limulus polyphemus) eggs at this critical spring migration stopover site. concurrently, this population has experienced annual low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (aiv) epidemics at this same site. using a prospective cohort study design with birds individually flagged during may-june 2006-2 ... | 2012 | 23050475 |
| subtype diversity and reassortment potential for co-circulating avian influenza viruses at a diversity hot spot. | biological diversity has long been used to measure ecological health. while evidence exists from many ecosystems that declines in host biodiversity may lead to greater risk of disease emergence, the role of pathogen diversity in the emergence process remains poorly understood. particularly, because a more diverse pool of pathogen types provides more ways in which evolutionary innovations may arise, we suggest that host-pathogen systems with high pathogen diversity are more prone to disease emerg ... | 2014 | 24164627 |
| neutralizing antibodies to type a influenza viruses in shorebirds at delaware bay, new jersey, usa. | influenza a virus (iav) infections in shorebirds at delaware bay, new jersey, us, have historically included avian hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes h1-13 and h16. in a given year, infections are characterized by a limited number of ha and neuraminidase subtypes and a dominant ha subtype that often represents >50% of all isolates. predominant ha subtypes shift between consecutive years. in addition, infection prevalence is consistently higher in ruddy turnstones (rutu; arenaria interpres morinella) co ... | 2018 | 29741997 |
| mercury concentration in the eggs of four canadian arctic-breeding shorebirds not predicted based on their population statuses. | methylmercury is a toxic form of mercury which persists in food webs for long periods of time and biomagnifies up successive trophic levels. shorebirds breeding in the arctic are exposed to methylmercury, derived from both natural and anthropogenic sources, when they ingest their invertebrate prey. populations of many shorebird species are believed to be declining and one hypothesis for these declines is that they are due to detrimental effects of contaminants, including methylmercury. to test t ... | 2013 | 24255861 |
| neutrality, cross-immunity and subtype dominance in avian influenza viruses. | avian influenza viruses (aivs) are considered a threat for their potential to seed human influenza pandemics. despite their acknowledged importance, there are significant unknowns regarding aiv transmission dynamics in their natural hosts, wild birds. of particular interest is the difference in subtype dynamics between human and bird populations-in human populations, typically only two or three subtypes cocirculate, while avian populations are capable of simultaneously hosting a multitude of sub ... | 2014 | 24586401 |
| reassortment and persistence of influenza a viruses from diverse geographic origins within australian wild birds: evidence from a small, isolated population of ruddy turnstones. | australian lineages of avian influenza a viruses (aivs) are thought to be phylogenetically distinct from those circulating in eurasia and the americas, suggesting the circulation of endemic viruses seeded by occasional introductions from other regions. however, processes underlying the introduction, evolution and maintenance of aivs in australia remain poorly understood. waders (order charadriiformes, family scolopacidae) may play a unique role in the ecology and evolution of aivs, particularly ... | 2021 | 33627387 |
| surveillance of charadriiformes in northern australia shows species variations in exposure to avian influenza virus and suggests negligible virus prevalence. | the virologic surveillance of 4248 charadriiformes since 1992 primarily from coastal northwest australia did not detect any evidence of avian influenza virus (aiv) excretion (test prevalence = 0%; 95% confidence interval [ci]: 0%-0.09%). past exposure to aiv was evident from serologic testing using nucleoprotein (np) competitive-elisa (c-elisa) with an overall seroprevalence of 8.8% (95% ci: 8%-9.7%). the c-elisa seroprevalence of family scolopacidae and genus numenius was significantly higher w ... | 2014 | 25055621 |
| declines in migrant shorebird populations from a winter-quarter perspective. | many long-distance migrating shorebird (i.e., sandpipers, plovers, flamingos, oystercatchers) populations are declining. although regular shorebird monitoring programs exist worldwide, most estimates of shorebird population trends and sizes are poor or nonexistent. we built a state-space model to estimate shorebird population trends. compared with more commonly used methods of trend estimation, state-space models are more mechanistic, allow for the separation of observation and state process, an ... | 2015 | 25858334 |
| spring migration stopover ecology of avian influenza virus shorebird hosts at delaware bay. | although low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (lpaiv) are detected in shorebirds at delaware bay annually, little is known about affected species habitat preferences or the movement patterns that might influence virus transmission and spread. during the 5-wk spring migration stopover period during 2007-2008, we conducted a radiotelemetry study of often-infected ruddy turnstones (arenaria interpres morinella; n = 60) and rarely infected sanderlings (calidris alba; n = 20) to identify locatio ... | 2016 | 27309084 |
| why fly the extra mile? using stress biomarkers to assess wintering habitat quality in migratory shorebirds. | migratory birds make decisions about how far to travel based on cost-benefit trade-offs. however, in many cases the net effect of these trade-offs is unclear. we sought to address this question by measuring feather corticosterone (cortf), leucocyte profile, avian malaria parasite prevalence and estimating fueling rates in three spatially segregated wintering populations of the migratory shorebird ruddy turnstone arenaria interpres during their stay in the winter habitat. these birds fly from the ... | 2016 | 27337963 |
| paramaritremopsis solielangi n. sp. and microphallus kinsellai n. sp. (digenea: microphallidae) parasites of charadrii (aves) of belize (central america). | the authors describe and illustrate two trematodes from belize (central america): paramaritremopsis solielangi n. sp. from the small intestine of arenaria interpres is characterised by a body length of 478 microm, two short and pre-acetabular caeca, part of the uterus in close association with the cirrus-sac and left caecum, vitelline glands in the shape of a horseshoe, a short pre-ovarian cirrus-sac containing a long, cylindrical, voluminous and unarmed cirrus (size when evaginated: 150 x 20-30 ... | 2000 | 10966220 |
| detection of avian influenza viruses from shorebirds: evaluation of surveillance and testing approaches. | although influenza a viruses have been isolated from numerous shorebird species (family: scolopacidae) worldwide, our understanding of natural history of these viruses in this diverse group is incomplete. gaining this information can be complicated by sampling difficulties related to live capture, the need for large sample sizes related to a potentially low prevalence of infection, and the need to maintain flexibility in diagnostic approaches related to varied capabilities and resources. to prov ... | 2012 | 22493113 |
| complete genome sequence of an h7n3 avian influenza virus isolated from ducks in southern china. | we report here the complete genomic sequence of an h7n3 avian influenza virus (aiv) isolate, which was obtained from duck in 1996. this is the first report of this subtype of aiv being isolated from duck in guangdong of southern china. genomic sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that it was highly homologous with the wild bird virus a/ruddy turnstone/delaware bay/135/1996 (h7n3) and that all eight genes of this virus belonged to the north america gene pool. the availability of genome seque ... | 2012 | 22733886 |
| avian influenza in shorebirds: experimental infection of ruddy turnstones (arenaria interpres) with avian influenza virus. | low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (lpaiv) have been reported in shorebirds, especially at delaware bay, usa, during spring migration. however, data on patterns of virus excretion, minimal infectious doses, and clinical outcome are lacking. the ruddy turnstone (arenaria interpres) is the shorebird species with the highest prevalence of influenza virus at delaware bay. | 2013 | 22498031 |
| helminth communities of three sympatric species of shorebirds (charadrii) from four summer seasons at bristol bay, alaska. | helminth communities in sympatric black turnstones (arenaria melanocephala), ruddy turnstones (arenaria interpres), and dunlin (calidris alpina) were examined over 4 summers in bristol bay, alaska. the compound community, made up of component communities of all 3 species of hosts for 4 summer seasons (n=164), consisted of 43 helminth species, with cestodes, especially anomotaenia clavigera, accounting for 47% of the helminth species and 95% of the abundance. the black turnstone had significantly ... | 2007 | 17626338 |
| [three new nadejdolepis spasskii & sasskaya, 1954 (cestoda: hymenolepididae) parasites of charadrii (aves) from tasmania]. | three species of nadejdcolepis from tasmania, australia, are described and illustrated. n. burgessi n. sp., a parasite of charadrius ruficapillus, is 4-6 mm long, with rostellar nitiduloid hooks 63-66 microm long, a short evaginated cirrus 13-16 microm long with a short collar of thin spines 1 microm long, a narrow and tubular sclerotinoid vagina 40-50 long and 3-4 microm in diameter with a little ampulla 3-5 microm in diameter at the proximal end, and a membranous atrial segment with smooth, sh ... | 2001 | 11303538 |
| [three nadejdolepis spasskii & spasskaya, 1954 (cestoda: hymenolepididae) parasites of charadrii (aves) of belize]. | three nadejdolepis from belize, central america, represent new geographical records (1) nadejdolepis paranitidulans (golikova, 1959) (rostellar hooks 40-44 microm long) from charadrius alexandrinus; (2) n. arenariae (cabot, 1969) n. comb. (rostellar hooks 89 microm long) from arenaria interpres; and (3) n. litoralis (webster, 1947) (rostellar hooks 81-85 microm long) from calidris fuscicollis (new host record). additional descriptions, illustrations and information pertaining to these species ar ... | 2000 | 11071154 |
| organochlorine residues in six species of estuarine birds, south carolina, 1971-75. | in south carolina between 1971 and 1975, authors evaluated the occurrence of organochlorine residues in the laughing gull (larus atricilla), white ibis (eudocimus albus), glossy ibis (plegadis falcinellus), american oystercatcher (haematopus palliatus), willet (catoptrophorus semipalmatus), and ruddy turnstone (arenaria interpres). tissues of birds found dead and eggs were analyzed, eggshell thicknesses were measured, and incidental observations were made of reproductive success and population s ... | 1979 | 117426 |
| purifying selection and concerted evolution of rna-sensing toll-like receptors in migratory waders. | migratory birds encounter a broad range of pathogens during their journeys, making them ideal models for studying immune gene evolution. despite the potential value of these species to immunoecology and disease epidemiology, previous studies have typically focused on their adaptive immune gene repertoires. in this study, we examined the evolution of innate immune genes in three long-distance migratory waders (order charadriiformes). we analysed two parts of the extracellular domains of two toll- ... | 2017 | 28528860 |
| complete mitochondrial dna genome sequences show that modern birds are not descended from transitional shorebirds. | to test the hypothesis put forward by feduccia of the origin of modern birds from transitional birds, we sequenced the first two complete mitochondrial genomes of shorebirds (ruddy turnstone and blackish oystercatcher) and compared their sequences with those of already published avian genomes. when corrected for rate heterogeneity across sites and non-homogeneous nucleotide compositions among lineages in maximum likelihood (ml), the optimal tree places palaeognath birds as sister to the neognath ... | 2002 | 11958716 |
| discovery of novel astrovirus and calicivirus identified in ruddy turnstones in brazil. | birds are the natural reservoir of viruses with zoonotic potential, as well as contributing to the evolution, emergence, and dissemination of novel viruses. in this study, we applied a high-throughput screening approach to identify the diversity of viruses in 118 samples of birds captured between october 2006 to october 2010 in the north and northeast regions of brazil. we found nearly complete genomes of novel species of astrovirus and calicivirus in cloacal swabs of ruddy turnstones (arenaria ... | 2019 | 30944402 |
| mixed effects of an introduced ecosystem engineer on the foraging behavior and habitat selection of predators. | invasive ecosystem engineers both positively and negatively affect their recipient ecosystems by generating novel habitats. many studies have focused on alterations to ecosystem properties and to native species diversity and abundance caused by invasive engineers. however, relatively few studies have documented the extent to which behaviors of native species are affected. the red seaweed gracilaria vermiculophylla (rhodophyta) invaded estuaries of the southeastern united states within the last f ... | 2018 | 30368794 |
| changes in hippocampal astrocyte morphology of ruddy turnstone (arenaria interpres) during the wintering period at the mangroves of amazon river estuary. | astrocytes are essential for lipid neuronal metabolism in long-distance uninterrupted migratory flights, when glucose is not available as the main source of energy. we previously demonstrated in calidris pusilla that after uninterrupted 5 days transatlantic flight, astrocytes shrink and reduce its number in the hippocampal formation. here we shifted our attention to the wintering period and tested the hypothesis that hippocampal astrocyte morphology of a interpres will change as the wintering pe ... | 2020 | 32505650 |
| use of intertidal habitat by four species of shorebirds in an experimental array of oyster racks, reefs and controls on delaware bay, new jersey: avoidance of oyster racks. | many shorebirds breed in arctic habitats, and migrate south to wintering quarters in the southern hemisphere. shorebirds mainly forage on intertidal mudflats at low tide. a key spring stopover for shorebirds in north america is delaware bay, new jersey, where shorebirds feed on horseshoe crab (limulus polyphemus) eggs at high tide. the importance of intertidal to migrant shorebirds has been overlooked. this paper examines foraging of 4 shorebird species at reeds beach, delaware bay. the intertid ... | 2018 | 29929236 |
| habitat risk: use of intertidal flats by foraging red knots (calidris canutus rufa), ruddy turnstones, (arenaria interpres), semipalmated sandpipers (calidris pusilla), and sanderling (calidris alba) on delaware bay beaches. | shorebirds usually forage on intertidal flats that are exposed during low tide, and roost on higher areas when the tidal flats are covered with water. during spring migration on delaware bay (new jersey) shorebirds mainly forage on horseshoe crab (limulus polyphemus) eggs that are concentrated at the high tide line. however, they also use other habitats for foraging. we examined habitat use of 4 species of shorebirds (with declining populations) at five delaware bay beaches to determine their us ... | 2018 | 29734024 |
| detection and characterisation of coronaviruses in migratory and non-migratory australian wild birds. | we evaluated the presence of coronaviruses by pcr in 918 australian wild bird samples collected during 2016-17. coronaviruses were detected in 141 samples (15.3%) from species of ducks, shorebirds and herons and from multiple sampling locations. sequencing of selected positive samples found mainly gammacoronaviruses, but also some deltacoronaviruses. the detection rate of coronaviruses was improved by using multiple pcr assays, as no single assay could detect all coronavirus positive samples. se ... | 2018 | 29654248 |
| susceptibility of laughing gulls (leucophaeus atricilla) and mallards (anas platyrhynchos) to ruddy turnstone (arenaria interpres morinella) origin type a influenza viruses. | delaware bay, us is the only documented location where influenza a virus (iav) is consistently detected in a shorebird species, the ruddy turnstone (rutu; arenaria interpres morinella). although iav in shorebirds has been well studied at this site for decades, the importance of other species in the avian community as potential sources for the iavs that infect rutus each spring remains unclear. we determined the susceptibility of mallards (anas platyrhynchos) and laughing gulls (leucophaeus atric ... | 2020 | 31532732 |
| virus-virus interactions and host ecology are associated with rna virome structure in wild birds. | little is known about the factors that shape the ecology of rna viruses in nature. wild birds are an important case in point, as other than influenza a virus, avian samples are rarely tested for viruses, especially in the absence of overt disease. using bulk rna-sequencing ("meta-transcriptomics"), we revealed the viral diversity present in australian wild birds through the lens of the ecological factors that may determine virome structure and abundance. a meta-transcriptomic analysis of four an ... | 2018 | 30375075 |
| influenza a virus: sampling of the unique shorebird habitat at delaware bay, usa. | delaware (de) bay, in the northeastern usa, has long been recognized as a hotspot for avian influenza a virus (iav); every spring, this coastal region serves as a brief stopover site for thousands of long-distance migrating shorebirds, en route to breeding grounds in the arctic. during these stopovers, iav has been consistently recovered from ruddy turnstones (arenaria interpres) that are likely to become infected as they feed by probing sand and cobble in search of food. in may 2010-2012, we su ... | 2017 | 29291124 |
| heavy metals in biota in delaware bay, nj: developing a food web approach to contaminants. | understanding the relationship between heavy metal and selenium levels in biota and their foods is important, but often difficult to determine because animals eat a variety of organisms. yet such information is critical to managing species populations, ecological integrity, and risk to receptors (including humans) from consumption of certain prey. we examine levels of cadmium, lead, mercury, and selenium in biota from delaware bay (new jersey, usa) to begin construction of a "springtime" food we ... | 2019 | 31200491 |