| mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in wild songbirds: the spread of a new contagious disease in a mobile host population. | a new mycoplasmal conjunctivitis was first reported in wild house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) in early 1994. the causative agent was identified as mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), a nonzoonotic pathogen of poultry that had not been associated with disease in wild songbirds. since the initial observations of affected house finches in the mid-atlantic region, the disease has become widespread and has been reported throughout the eastern united states and canada. by late 1995, mycoplasmal conjunct ... | 1997 | 9126448 |
| molecular epidemiologic investigations of mycoplasma gallisepticum conjunctivitis in songbirds by random amplified polymorphic dna analyses. | an ongoing outbreak of conjunctivitis in free-ranging house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) began in 1994 in the eastern united states. bacterial organisms identified as mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) were isolated from lesions of infected birds. mg was also isolated from a blue jay (cyanocitta cristata) that contracted conjunctivitis after being housed in a cage previously occupied by house finches with conjunctivitis, and from free-ranging american goldfinches (carduelis tristis) in north caroli ... | 1997 | 9284386 |
| mycoplasma sturni from blue jays and northern mockingbirds with conjunctivitis in florida. | northern mockingbirds (mimus polyglottos) and blue jays (cyanocitta cristata) in a florida (usa) wildlife care facility developed clinical signs and gross lesions suggestive of the ongoing outbreak of mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) conjunctivitis in house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) and american goldfinches (carduelis tristis). mycoplasmal organisms were cultured from conjunctival/corneal swabs of birds with sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and/or epiphora. all of the isolates tested were identified ... | 1998 | 9577796 |
| salmonellosis in songbirds in the canadian atlantic provinces during winter-summer 1997-98. | from winter 1997 to summer 1998, an epizootic of salmonellosis affected several species of songbirds over a large area of the eastern north american continent. this article describes the details of this epizootic in the canadian atlantic provinces, based on laboratory examination of dead affected birds and on suspected but unconfirmed cases of salmonellosis reported by members of the public. the common redpoll (carduelis flammea) was the species most often affected, followed by pine siskins (c. ... | 2000 | 10642873 |
| mycoplasmal conjunctivitis in songbirds from new york. | a field study was conducted to determine the prevalence of conjunctivitis and mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) infections in house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) and other songbirds common to bird feeders in tompkins county (new york, usa). eight hundred two individuals of 23 species and nine families of birds were captured and given physical examinations during the 14 mo study beginning in february 1998. clinical conjunctivitis (eyelid or conjunctival swelling, erythema, and discharge) was observe ... | 2000 | 10813607 |
| host range and dynamics of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis among birds in north america. | an epidemic of conjunctivitis among house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) bacterial infections was first described in 1994. the disease exhibits high primary host specificity, but has been isolated from a limited number of secondary avian hosts at various times and locations. we used records from the house finch disease survey, a continent-wide, volunteer monitoring project, to document the host range of conjunctivitis in birds at feeding stations and to in ... | 2001 | 11272507 |
| mycoplasmosis in evening and pine grosbeaks with conjunctivitis in quebec. | an outbreak of conjunctivitis affected evening grosbeaks (coccothraustes vespertinus) and pine grosbeaks (pinicola enucleator) in quebec (canada) during the winter 1998-99. one to 30% of the individuals from these two species were sick at 13 feeding stations. sick birds were thin and had unilateral or bilateral catarrhal and lymphoplasmacytic conjunctivitis and rhinitis, and mucopurulent infra-orbital sinusitis. mycoplasmal organisms were isolated in cultures in an affected evening grosbeak and ... | 2001 | 11763749 |
| the effect of dietary carotenoid access on sexual dichromatism and plumage pigment composition in the american goldfinch. | we investigated potential dietary and biochemical bases for carotenoid-based sexual dichromatism in american goldfinches (carduelis tristis). captive male and female finches were given access to the same type and amount of carotenoid pigments in the diet during their nuptial molt to assess differences in the degree to which the two sexes incorporated ingested pigments into their plumage. when birds were fed a uniform, plain-seed diet, or one that was supplemented with the red carotenoid canthaxa ... | 2002 | 11818247 |
| differential accumulation and pigmenting ability of dietary carotenoids in colorful finches. | many animals develop bright red, orange, or yellow carotenoid pigmentation that they use to attract mates. colorful carotenoid pigments are acquired from the diet and are either directly incorporated as integumentary colorants or metabolized into other forms before deposition. because animals often obtain several different carotenoids from plant and animal food sources, it is possible that these pigments are accumulated at different levels in the body and may play unique roles in shaping the ult ... | 2004 | 15286921 |
| interspecific variation in dietary carotenoid assimilation in birds: links to phylogeny and color ornamentation. | many birds use carotenoid pigments to acquire rich red, orange, and yellow coloration in feathers and bare parts that is used as a signal of mate quality. because carotenoids are derived from foods, much attention has been paid to the role of diet in generating color variation both within and among avian species. less consideration has been given to physiological underpinnings of color variability, especially among species. here, i surveyed published literature (e.g. captive feeding studies) on ... | 2005 | 16129640 |
| comparative infectiousness of three passerine bird species after experimental inoculation with mycoplasma gallisepticum. | mycoplasma gallisepticum has been isolated from various species of free-living birds, and we therefore tested the hypothesis that bird species other than the main host, the house finch (carpodacus mexicanus), could play a role in the epidemiology of the infection. we compared the disease course in the house finch, american goldfinch (carduelis tristis) and house sparrow (passer domesticus) after inoculation into the conjunctival sac with m. gallisepticum, and also the degree to which the three s ... | 2008 | 19023761 |
| spatial variation in an avian host community: implications for disease dynamics. | because many pathogens can infect multiple host species within a community, disease dynamics in a focal host species can be affected by the composition of the host community. we examine the extent to which spatial variation in species' abundances in an avian host community may contribute to geographically varying prevalence of a recently emerged wildlife pathogen. mycoplasma gallisepticum is a pathogen novel to songbirds that has caused substantial mortality in house finches (carpodacus mexicanu ... | 2010 | 20130959 |
| trichomoniasis in finches from the canadian maritime provinces--an emerging disease. | trichomoniasis was diagnosed in multiple incidents of mortality in wild purple finch (carpodacus purpureus) and american goldfinch (carduelis tristis) in the canadian maritimes. birds exhibited regurgitation, emaciation, and hyperplastic oropharyngitis, ingluvitis, and esophagitis. trichomonas gallinae was identified by histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). trichomoniasis (trichomonosis) is an emerging disease in wild finches of eastern canada. | 2010 | 20592828 |
| characterization of the host response in systemic isosporosis (atoxoplasmosis) in a colony of captive american goldfinches (spinus tristis) and house sparrows (passer domesticus). | systemic isosporosis, also known as atoxoplasmosis, is a common parasitic disease of passerines. infection is thought to be endemic in wild birds with fulminant, fatal disease occurring under the influence of stress, concurrent infections, or immunosuppression. here, we describe the histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of the cellular infiltrate occurring in captive colonies of american goldfinches and house sparrows. necropsies were performed on 9 birds, and histologic examination ... | 2011 | 21311069 |
| geography and timing of cases of eastern equine encephalitis in new york state from 1992 to 2012. | in new york state (nys), eastern equine encephalitis (eee) was first reported in a human in 1971, in horses in 1970, and in pheasants in 1952. | 2016 | 26901637 |
| house finch (haemorhous mexicanus) conjunctivitis, and mycoplasma spp. isolated from north american wild birds, 1994-2015. | sampling wild birds for mycoplasma culture has been key to the study of house finch (haemorhous mexicanus) conjunctivitis, yielding isolates of mycoplasma gallisepticum spanning the temporal and geographic ranges of disease from emergence to endemicity. faced with the challenges and costs of sample collection over time and from remote locations for submission to our laboratory for mycoplasma culture, protocols evolved to achieve a practical optimum. herein we report making m. gallisepticum isola ... | 2016 | 27285414 |
| can american goldfinches function as reservoirs for mycoplasma gallisepticum? | we performed experiments to test if american goldfinches (spinus tristis) could be a competent reservoir for mycoplasma gallisepticum and play a role in the epidemic spread of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis among house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) in north america. we infected one of two individuals housed together in a cage and determined if transmission occurred to the second bird. probability of transmission between an american goldfinch and a house finch (in either direction) was similar to th ... | 2013 | 23307371 |
| molecular characterization of trichomonas gallinae isolates recovered from the canadian maritime provinces' wild avifauna reveals the presence of the genotype responsible for the european finch trichomonosis epidemic and additional strains. | finch trichomonosis, caused by trichomonas gallinae, emerged in the canadian maritime provinces in 2007 and has since caused ongoing mortality in regional purple finch (carpodacus purpureus) and american goldfinch (carduelis tristis) populations. trichomonas gallinae was isolated from (1) finches and rock pigeons (columbia livia) submitted for post-mortem or live-captured at bird feeding sites experiencing trichomonosis mortality; (2) bird seed at these same sites; and (3) rock pigeons live-capt ... | 2015 | 25804862 |
| a review of the mite subfamily harpirhynchinae (acariformes: harpirhynchidae)--parasites of new world birds (aves: neognathae). | mites of the subfamily harpirhynchinae (acariformes: cheyletoidea: harpirhynchidae) associated with neognathous birds (aves: neognathae) in the new world are revised. in all, 68 species in 8 genera are recorded. among them, 27 new species and 1 new genus are described as new for science: harpyrhynchoides gallowayi bochkov, oconnor and klompen sp. nov. from columba livia (columbiformes: columbidae) from canada (manitoba), h. zenaida bochkov, oconnor and klompen sp. nov. from zenaida macroura (col ... | 2015 | 26624161 |
| isospora serinuse n. sp. (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from a domestic canary (serinus canaria forma domestica) (passeriformes: fringillidae) in western australia. | a new species, isospora serinuse n. sp., (apicomplexa:eimeriidae) is described from a single domestic canary (serinus canaria forma domestica) (subspecies s. c. domestica) in western australia. sporulated oocysts of isospora serinuse n. sp. are spherical or subspherical, 25.5 (24.4-27.0) × 23.5 (22.0-24.8) μm, with a shape index (length/width) of 1.09; and a smooth bilayered oocyst wall, 1.2 μm thick (outer layer 0.9 μm, inner 0.3 μm). a polar granule is present, but a micropyle and oocyst resid ... | 2015 | 26325434 |
| epidemiology of a salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain associated with a songbird outbreak. | salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium is responsible for the majority of salmonellosis cases worldwide. this salmonella serovar is also responsible for die-offs in songbird populations. in 2009, there was an s. typhimurium epizootic reported in pine siskins in the eastern united states. at the time, there was also a human outbreak with this serovar that was associated with contaminated peanuts. as peanuts are also used in wild-bird food, it was hypothesized that the pine siskin ... | 2012 | 22885752 |
| the influence of carotenoid acquisition and utilization on the maintenance of species-typical plumage pigmentation in male american goldfinches (carduelis tristis) and northern cardinals (cardinalis cardinalis). | birds display a tremendous variety of carotenoid-based colors in their plumage, but the mechanisms underlying interspecific variability in carotenoid pigmentation remain poorly understood. because vertebrates cannot synthesize carotenoids de novo, access to pigments in the diet is one proximate factor that may shape species differences in carotenoid-based plumage coloration. however, some birds metabolize ingested carotenoids and deposit pigments that differ in color from their dietary precursor ... | 2006 | 11731975 |
| differential effects of endoparasitism on the expression of carotenoid- and melanin-based ornamental coloration. | the striking diversity of sexual dimorphisms in nature begs the question: why are there so many signal types? one possibility is that ornamental traits convey different sets of information about the quality of the sender to the receiver. the colourful, pigmented feathers of male birds seem to meet the predictions of this hypothesis. evidence suggests that carotenoid pigmentation reflects the nutritional condition of males during moult, whereas in many instances melanin pigmentation is a reliable ... | 2000 | 11007328 |
| a new isospora sp. from carduelis tristis (aves: fringillidae) from ontario, canada. | isospora gryphoni n. sp. is described from oocysts found in the feces of the american goldfinch, carduelis tristis, from guelph, ontario, canada. the oocysts are spherical to subspherical, with a double-layered, smooth, colorless oocyst wall, 29.2 x 30.7 microm (25-33 x 28-34; n = 30) with 2-4 rice-grain-shaped polar bodies; no micropyle or residuum. sporocysts are ovoid, 22.2 x 13.4 microm (15-25 x 12-14.5; n = 30) with a small stieda body, indistinct substiedal body, and prominent sporocyst re ... | 1998 | 9488354 |
| monitoring of learning at the category level when learning a natural concept: will task experience improve its resolution? | researchers have recently begun to investigate people's ability to monitor their learning of natural categories. for concept learning tasks, a learner seeks to accurately monitor learning at the category level - i.e., to accurately judge whether exemplars will be correctly classified into the appropriate category on an upcoming test. our interest was in whether monitoring resolution at the category level would improve as participants gain task experience across multiple study-test blocks, as wel ... | 2015 | 25528538 |
| intraspecific correlations of basal and maximal metabolic rates in birds and the aerobic capacity model for the evolution of endothermy. | the underlying assumption of the aerobic capacity model for the evolution of endothermy is that basal (bmr) and maximal aerobic metabolic rates are phenotypically linked. however, because bmr is largely a function of central organs whereas maximal metabolic output is largely a function of skeletal muscles, the mechanistic underpinnings for their linkage are not obvious. interspecific studies in birds generally support a phenotypic correlation between bmr and maximal metabolic output. if the aero ... | 2012 | 22479584 |
| the relationship of plasma indicators of lipid metabolism and muscle damage to overnight temperature in winter-acclimatized small birds. | plasma glycerol and triglyceride levels and creatine kinase (ck) activity may increase during long-distance flights in migratory birds, but plasma profiles of these metabolites have not previously been reported for small birds during thermoregulation in cold climates. we measured early morning levels of plasma glycerol, triglycerides and ck activity in four species of small birds overwintering in south dakota, junco hyemalis, spizella arborea, passer domesticus, and carduelis tristis. we hypothe ... | 2007 | 17049895 |
| summer-to-winter phenotypic flexibility of fatty acid transport and catabolism in skeletal muscle and heart of small birds. | prolonged shivering in birds is mainly fueled by lipids. consequently, lipid transport and catabolism are vital for thermogenic performance and could be upregulated along with thermogenic capacity as part of the winter phenotype. we investigated summer-to-winter variation in lipid transport and catabolism by measuring mrna expression, protein levels, and enzyme activities for several key steps of lipid transport and catabolic pathways in pectoralis muscle and heart in two small temperate-zone re ... | 2015 | 26658250 |
| seasonal variation in pectoralis muscle and heart myostatin and tolloid-like proteinases in small birds: a regulatory role for seasonal phenotypic flexibility? | seasonally variable environments produce seasonal phenotypes in small birds such that winter birds have higher thermogenic capacities and pectoralis and heart masses. one potential regulator of these seasonal phenotypes is myostatin, a muscle growth inhibitor, which may be downregulated under conditions promoting increased energy demand. we examined summer-to-winter variation in skeletal muscle and heart masses and used qpcr and western blots to measure levels of myostatin and its metalloprotein ... | 2014 | 24395519 |
| the predictability and patterns of vigilant behaviour. | while foraging, many animals alternate between feeding and scanning. spectral analysis of continuous series of scan durations s and inter-scan intervals i for american goldfinches carduelis tristis, feeding either on small or large seeds, and choughs pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax showed that there were nonrandom fluctuations in the magnitude of s and i is all the examined series. both the i and s showed cyclical oscillations between short and long events. within individuals the sequential and temporal ... | 1990 | 24896921 |
| blood parasite infection differentially relates to carotenoid-based plumage and bill color in the american goldfinch. | male and female american goldfinches (spinus tristis) express condition-dependent carotenoid-based plumage and bill coloration. plumage color is relatively static, as pigments incorporated into feathers during the spring molt cannot be mobilized thereafter. in contrast, bill color is dynamic, reflecting changes in condition over short time periods. previous studies have shown that male and female ornaments, though similar in expression, are differentially related to measures of immunocompetence, ... | 2014 | 25473474 |
| coccidial infection does not influence preening behavior in american goldfinches. | preening behavior in birds is important for the maintenance of thermoregulatory and ornamental functions of plumage. it has been repeatedly demonstrated that birds trade off time between plumage maintenance and other activities. however, the condition-dependent constraints of preening remain virtually unstudied. here, we present the first experimental test of the hypothesis that intestinal parasite infection impairs preening activity. we studied male american goldfinches (spinus tristis), a spec ... | 2014 | 24882939 |
| do american goldfinches see their world like passive prey foragers? a study on visual fields, retinal topography, and sensitivity of photoreceptors. | several species of the most diverse avian order, passeriformes, specialize in foraging on passive prey, although relatively little is known about their visual systems. we tested whether some components of the visual system of the american goldfinch (spinus tristis), a granivorous bird, followed the profile of species seeking passive food items (small eye size relative to body mass, narrow binocular fields and blind areas, centrally located retinal specialization projecting laterally, ultraviolet ... | 2014 | 24663005 |
| individual variation in thermogenic capacity is correlated with flight muscle size but not cellular metabolic capacity in american goldfinches (spinus tristis). | abstract cold tolerance and overwinter survival are positively correlated with organismal thermogenic capacity (=summit metabolic rate [msum]) in endotherms. msum varies seasonally in small-bird populations and may be mechanistically associated with variation in flight muscle size or cellular metabolic capacity, but the relative roles of these traits as drivers of individual variation in thermogenic performance are poorly known. we measured flight muscle size by ultrasonography, pectoralis and s ... | 2013 | 23799836 |
| carotenoid-based ornaments of female and male american goldfinches (spinus tristis) show sex-specific correlations with immune function and metabolic rate. | conspicuous ornamentation has been linked to immunological and physiological condition in males of many species. in species where both sexes are ornamented, it is unclear whether the signal content of ornaments differs between males and females. we examined the immunological and physiological correlates of carotenoid-based bill and plumage ornamentation in american goldfinches spinus tristis, a species in which bright orange bills are sexually monomorphic but yellow plumage is sexually dimorphic ... | 2012 | 22705485 |
| detrimental effects of carotenoid pigments: the dark side of bright coloration. | carotenoid pigments produce yellow, orange, and red integumentary color displays that can serve as reliable signals of health and condition. in many birds and fish, individuals gain competitive or mating advantages by ingesting and utilizing large quantities of carotenoid pigments. carotenoid pigments serve as antioxidants, performing important functions as free-radical scavengers. the beneficial effects of carotenoid pigments are well documented, but rarely have researchers considered potential ... | 2010 | 20495774 |
| an experimental test of the contributions and condition dependence of microstructure and carotenoids in yellow plumage coloration. | a combination of structural and pigmentary components is responsible for many of the colour displays of animals. despite the ubiquity of this type of coloration, neither the relative contribution of structures and pigments to variation in such colour displays nor the relative effects of extrinsic factors on the structural and pigment-based components of such colour has been determined. understanding the sources of colour variation is important because structures and pigments may convey different ... | 2006 | 17015356 |
| assortative mating by carotenoid-based plumage colour: a quality indicator in american goldfinches, carduelis tristis. | we investigated the mating patterns in 22 breeding pairs of wild american goldfinches (carduelis tristis) with respect to their body size, condition, and carotenoid-based, yellow plumage colour. using reflectance spectrometry, we objectively quantified plumage colours across the bird-visible wavelengths, revealing a unexpected uv peak in the reflectance spectrum from yellow feathers. we summarized our colour measurements using a principal components analysis to create a single variable, caroteno ... | 2003 | 14564406 |
| regulation of glycolysis in the pectoralis muscles of seasonally acclimatized american goldfinches exposed to cold. | regulation of glycolysis was assessed in winter- and summer-acclimatized goldfinches (carduelis tristis). we exposed birds to a thermo-neutral temperature (30 degrees c), moderate cold (-15 degrees c), and severe cold (0 degrees c in an atmosphere of 21% o2-79% he), and then measured concentrations of glycogen, glycolytic intermediates, and citrate in the pectoralis muscles. winter birds used less glycogen when exposed to moderate cold than did summer birds, confirming the carbohydrate sparing n ... | 1990 | 2316716 |
| effects of experience on agonistic behavior among american goldfinches. | i investigated the effect of a winning or losing experience on the outcome of an individual's next aggressive encounter among captive american goldfinches (carduelis tristis ). aggressive encounters occurring over access to a feeder were videotaped during the winter of 1985-1986. both dominants and subordinates were more likely to win their next encounter after a win than after a loss. individuals were more likely to initiate their next encounter and use higher risk displays after a win than aft ... | 1988 | 24896400 |
| energy relations of winter roost-site utilization by american goldfinches (carduelis tristis). | american goldfinches (carduelis tristis) were observed roosting in colorado blue spruce (picea pungens), which comprised part of a mixed stand of conifers. their winter roost-sites were distally situated among the most densely-needled branches on the leeward sides of these trees. heated and unheated taxidermic goldfinch mounts were placed within these sites and at the same height in an adjacent clearing. the radiative and convective characteristics of these locations were monitored simultaneousl ... | 1985 | 28310921 |
| seasonal acclimatization in american goldfinches: the role of the pectoralis muscle. | the present study attempts to assess whether the marked seasonal changes in the capacity for shivering thermogenesis in american goldfinches (carduelis tristis) involve adjustments of metabolic pathways of the pectoralis muscles similar to those observed in mammalian muscle in response to endurance training, i.e., changes favoring increased reliance on fatty acid oxidation and decreased utilization of carbohydrate reserves. analysis of seasonal changes in enzyme profile of the pectoralis muscle ... | 1983 | 6224430 |
| lymphoproliferative disease in the american goldfinch, carduelis tristis. | | 1983 | 6644928 |
| substrate metabolism in seasonally acclimatized american goldfinches. | concentration of ([glc]) and turnover (ro) of plasma glucose, concentration of free fatty acids in plasma ([ffa]), and concentration of glycogen in muscle and liver were measured in freshly captured summer- and winter-acclimatized american goldfinches (carduelis tristis). these birds were acutely exposed to one of three thermal regimes: 1) "thermoneutral," 30 degrees c in air, 2) "cold," -15 degrees c in air, and 3) "severe cold," 0 degrees c in 79% he and 21% o2. additionally, the activities of ... | 1982 | 6211105 |
| the development of homeothermy in the american goldfinch. | | 1982 | 6125311 |
| vocal imitation and individual recognition of finch calls. | american goldfinch females recognize individual males by their individually distinctive flight calls. goldfinches and other cardueline finch species are also capable of learning new flight calls by imitation during pair and flock formation. vocal imitation can occur between members of different species as well as between members of the same species. learning of new flight calls differs in several respects from typical passerine song learning. | 1970 | 17838128 |
| on some nesting habits of the american goldfinch. | | 1893 | 17791657 |
| brueelia (phthiraptera: ischnocera: philopteridae) of north american nine-primaried oscines (aves: passeriformes: passerida) with descriptions of nine new species. | nine new species of chewing lice in the genus brueelia kéler, 1936 , are described from north american hosts. they are brueelia thorini n. sp. from haemorhous mexicanus frontalis (say, 1822) and haemorhous mexicanus potosinus griscom, 1928; brueelia straseviciusi n. sp. from haemorhous purpureus (gmelin, 1789); brueelia mattsonae n. sp. from coccothraustes vespertinus brooksi (grinnell, 1917); brueelia novemstriata n. sp. from icterus wagleri wagleri sclater, 1857, and i. parisorum bonaparte, 18 ... | 2019 | 31730417 |
| isospora coronoideae n. sp. (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from the australian raven (corvus coronoides) (passeriformes: corvidae) (linnaeus, 1758) in western australia. | a new isospora (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) species is described from an australian raven (corvus coronoides) in western australia. sporulated oocysts (n = 21) are ovoid, 21.2 (18.4-23.9) μm in length and 18.8 (16.9-20.6) μm in width, with a shape index of 1.13. the bi-layered oocyst wall is smooth and colourless, 1.2 μm thick. a polar granule and oocyst residuum is present, but the micropyle is absent. the sporocysts are ovoid-shaped, 16.3 (13.7-18.9) × 10.7 (8.4-12.9) μm, with a shape index (leng ... | 2019 | 31222390 |
| experimental infection and transmission of newcastle disease vaccine virus in four wild passerines. | our prior work has shown that live poultry vaccines have been intermittently isolated from wild birds sampled during field surveillance studies for newcastle disease virus (ndv). thus, we experimentally investigated the susceptibility of four native agriculturally associated wild bird species to the ndv lasota vaccine and evaluated the shedding dynamics, potential transmission from chickens, and humoral antibody responses. to test susceptibility, we inoculated wild-caught, immunologically ndv-na ... | 2019 | 31967421 |
| house finch ( haemorhous mexicanus)-associated mycoplasma gallisepticum identified in lesser goldfinch ( spinus psaltria) and western scrub jay ( aphelocoma californica) using strain-specific quantitative pcr. | : in 1994 mycoplasma gallisepticum was found to be the etiologic agent of house finch ( haemorhous mexicanus) conjunctivitis, a rapidly expanding epidemic caused by a genetically discrete, house finch-associated strain of m. gallisepticum (hfmg). while most prominent in house finches, hfmg has been reported in other members of the family fringillidae, including american goldfinches ( spinus tristis), purple finches ( haemorhous purpureus), pine grosbeaks ( pinicola enucleator), and evening gros ... | 2018 | 29053429 |
| comparative transcriptomics of seasonal phenotypic flexibility in two north american songbirds. | phenotypic flexibility allows organisms to reversibly alter their phenotypes to match the changing demands of seasonal environments. because phenotypic flexibility is mediated, at least in part, by changes in gene regulation, comparative transcriptomic studies can provide insights into the mechanistic underpinnings of seasonal phenotypic flexibility, and the extent to which regulatory responses to changing seasons are conserved across species. to begin to address these questions, we sampled indi ... | 2017 | 29095984 |
| imidacloprid poisoning of songbirds following a drench application of trees in a residential neighborhood in california, usa. | in march 2017, 26 american goldfinches (spinus tristis) were found dead following a drench application of imidacloprid in california (usa). identical seed fragments were present in the digestive tracts. imidacloprid was detected in 4 separate pooled samples from 18 birds, in crop/gizzard contents (4.8 ± 1.3 ppm; range 2.2-8.5 ppm) and liver tissues (3.9 ± 0.6 ppm; range 2.1-4.8 ppm). we suspect that fallen elm (ulmus sp.) seeds were contaminated with imidacloprid during the drench application an ... | 2019 | 31241802 |
| hatching asynchrony in american goldfinches: an experimental study. | i examined lack's (1954, 1968) hypothesis that asynchronous hatching is an adaptive response to food shortage during the breeding season by comparing growth and survival of nestlings in asynchronous and artificially created synchronous broods of american goldfinches (carduelis tristis). i also examined the effects of seasonal and environmental factors on nestling growth and survival and on hatching asynchrony. nestlings in asynchronous broods were more likely to diverge in mass and did so at a f ... | 1987 | 29357156 |