| effects of quantity and unsaturation of dietary fat on serum components in normal and diabetic macaca nigra. | dietary fat affects serum lipids independently of dietary cholesterol. normal and diabetic monkeys (macaca nigra) were fed cereal-based, specially formulated diets with either a low fat (lf = 2.5%) or a higher fat (13.2%) content; the latter had varying concentrations of safflower and coconut oil to attain greater polyunsaturation (sfo) or saturation (cco) in the diets. dietary cholesterol was less than 0.01%. serum triglyceride concentrations were greatest when monkeys consumed the lf (higher c ... | 1979 | 108367 |
| aortic atherosclerosis in normal and spontaneously diabetic macaca nigra. | aortic atherosclerosis is minimal in normal macaca nigra; development of atherosclerosis correlates with increasing severity of diabetes mellitus. the extent of aortic involvement (plaque plus sudanophilia) was quantified and compared with metabolic and clinical parameters. increasing atherosclerosis correlated with decreasing ability to clear glucose in a tolerance test (p less than 0.01), decreasing insulin (p = 0.02), and increasing glucose (p less than 0.01) and triglycerides (p less than 0. ... | 1979 | 116665 |
| the relationship of diet and atherosclerosis in diabetic macaca nigra. | | 1975 | 167558 |
| insular amyloidosis and diabetes mellitus in macaca nigra. | amyloid in the islets of langerhans increases with increasing severity of diabetes mellitus in macaca nigra. the amount of insular amyloid was quantified, and diabetic monkeys averaged eight times more islet amyloid than did normal monkeys. the quantity of insular amyloid correlated significantly with glucose clearance in intravenous glucose tolerance tests and with serum glucose, triglycerides, immunoreactive insulin, and prebetallipoprotein measured after an overnight fast. as with human being ... | 1978 | 416984 |
| basement membrane thickness in muscle capillaries of normal and spontaneously diabetic macaca nigra. | the thickness of the capillary basement membrane of femoral muscle was examined in normal and spontaneously diabetic macaca nigra. thickness correlated significangly with the degree and severity of diabetes; greater thickness was associated with decreased glucose tolerance, decreased serum insulin, and increased glucose and triglyceride. in normal monkeys, the average basement membrane thickness was 696 a and in diabetic monkeys, 837 a, the minimum basement membrane thickness was 524 a in normal ... | 1975 | 1123107 |
| the sulawesi crested black macaque (macaca nigra) menstrual cycle: changes in perineal tumescence and serum estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels. | events in the normal menstrual cycle of the endangered sulawesi crested black macaque (macaca nigra) were characterized. daily blood samples were obtained during 10 menstrual cycles from five m. nigra demonstrating regular cycles. the amount of perineal tumescence was scored daily. serum levels of estradiol and progesterone were determined by ria, serum lh levels were determined by the mouse leydig cell bioassay, and serum fsh levels were determined by the rat granulosa cell aromatase bioassay. ... | 1992 | 1591342 |
| hyperinsulinemia in macaca nigra: precession to obesity and/or diabetes? | a subset of macaca nigra have been identified with elevated levels of fasting and secretory insulin. the insulin increment between 0 and 15 min in an intravenous glucose tolerance test (iv-gtt) was 511 +/- 42 microu/ml in hyperinsulinemic (hyper) monkeys compared to 191 +/- 16 microu/ml in nondiabetic (nd) controls (p less than 0.01). fasting insulin increased from 37 +/- 4 in nd to 57 +/- 7 microu/ml in hyper monkeys (p = 0.02). glucose clearance also increased from 3.87 +/- 0.18 in nd to 5.78 ... | 1990 | 2134207 |
| serologic and virologic analysis of type d simian retrovirus infection in a colony of celebes black macaques (macaca nigra). | celebes macaques were tested for type d simian retrovirus (srv) infection. srv infection was first detected in one serum sample collected during 1980. by 1983, 32 of 46 monkeys (70%) were infected. serotyping of the srv isolates determined that 0/26 of the isolates were srv-1; 24/26 were srv-2; 1/26 was srv-5; and 1/26 could not be typed. restriction endonuclease mapping confirmed the srv-2c and srv-5 isolates. in addition, two srv-2c variants were detected. | 1989 | 2547956 |
| changes in islet cell composition during development of diabetes in macaca nigra. | the islets of langerhans in sections from the pancreas tail of macaca nigra were stained by antiserum to insulin, glucagon, or somatostatin. the area of stained cells per total area of the islets was determined by a computerized photometric method. insulin of the beta cells occupied 77% of the islet area in nondiabetic (nd) monkeys and decreased to 62% in monkeys in the earliest stages of metabolic deterioration, i.e., hormonally impaired (hi) monkeys. at the later stage of borderline diabetes ( ... | 1986 | 2867943 |
| isolation of a new serotype of simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome type d retrovirus from celebes black macaques (macaca nigra) with immune deficiency and retroperitoneal fibromatosis. | a new serotype of simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (saids) retrovirus (type 2) belonging to the d genus of retroviruses is associated with a saids occurring spontaneously in a colony of celebes macaques (macaca nigra) and rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) at the oregon regional primate research center. this syndrome resembles saids in m. mulatta at the california primate research center, which is associated with a similar type d retrovirus (type 1). however, at the oregon center, saids ... | 1985 | 2997477 |
| virus-associated deficiencies in the mitogen reactivity in celebes black macaques (macaca nigra). | celebes black macaques (macaca nigra) with a history of diabetes mellitus, recurrent bacterial and protozoal infections, diarrhea, anemia, weight loss, anorexia, and a high mortality were studied to determine their immune status. two groups of monkeys, healthy and unhealthy, were formed on the basis of a clinical assessment. the proliferative response and the pokeweed-mitogen-induced polyclonal igg response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of unhealthy monkeys were significantly less than t ... | 1985 | 3000662 |
| association of saids/rf-related signs with current or past saids type 2 retrovirus infection in a colony of celebes black macaques. | the 83 members of the celebes black macaque (macaca nigra) colony were screened for viremia with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (saids) type 2 retrovirus and antibodies against the retrovirus. on the basis of this screening, the celebes colony was divided into four groups: retrovirus-positive/seropositive (virus+/ab+); retrovirus-negative/seropositive (virus-/ab+); retrovirus-positive/seronegative (virus+/ab-); and retrovirus-negative/seronegative (virus-/ab-). monkeys in the virus+/a ... | 1986 | 3007864 |
| neutralizing antibody in celebes black macaques recovering from infection with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome retrovirus type 2. | neutralizing antibodies that block the ability of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (saids) retrovirus type 2 (srv-2) to induce syncytium formation in cultures of raji cells have been found in the serum of nonviremic celebes black macaques (macaca nigra). serum from celebes macaques that are viremic have little or no neutralizing activity. the neutralizing antibodies were shown to block viral infectivity. the group of monkeys with neutralizing antibodies in their serum exhibited a dramat ... | 1986 | 3013474 |
| relationship of mitogen reactivity to type d retrovirus infection in celebes black macaques (macaca nigra). | the celebes black macaque (macaca nigra) colony at the oregon regional primate research center has a high incidence of an immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by recurrent diarrhea and the development of retroperitoneal fibromatosis (rf). we have examined the relationship of type d viral infection to the immunodeficiency syndrome by surveying the colony for viral infection and for mitogen reactivity. type d virus-positive monkeys (28% of the colony) have a higher prevalence of diarrhea, splen ... | 1986 | 3014209 |
| spontaneous diabetes in macaca nigra: relevance to human beings with niddm. | | 1988 | 3074663 |
| encephalitis associated with trypanosoma cruzi in a celebes black macaque. | progressive central nervous system depression developed in a celebes black macaque (macaca nigra) acquired from a zoo in texas. a spinal tap revealed motile trypanosomes in the spinal fluid. histological examination of the heart and brain revealed focal myocarditis and intracellular amastigotes, respectively. | 1986 | 3102852 |
| longitudinal studies on the development of diabetes in individual macaca nigra. | development of spontaneous diabetes has been monitored in individual macaca nigra. in this study, pancreatic biopsies were taken, islets were assessed morphologically, and results were related to the metabolic/clinical status. a biopsy or autopsy sample was obtained 4 to 10 years later, and the islet morphological state was again related to the metabolic/clinical status. metabolic deterioration was correlated to the islet lesion, in which there was gradual loss of islet secretory cells and concu ... | 1986 | 3522329 |
| control of shigella flexneri in celebes black macaques (macaca nigra). | stool specimens collected systematically from a group of celebes black macaques (macaca nigra) with a high incidence of diarrhea were examined microbiologically. numerous isolates of shigella flexneri, campylobacter jejuni and pathogenic escherichia coli were recovered. previous parasitology reports had revealed that the majority of the animals had balantidium coli. subsequently, the group was treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin and tetracycline. after treatment, shigella fl ... | 1986 | 3523037 |
| immunohistochemical study of islet amyloid in diabetes mellitus. | amyloid was isolated from islets of amyloidotic pancreata of monkey and human beings by solubilization of non-amyloid materials from the pancreas and digestion of contaminating collagen and elastin. the resulting pellet was estimated to be greater than 90% pure islet amyloid. antibodies specific for monkey islet amyloid and for monkey and human liver amyloid a (aa) were raised in rabbits. immunohistochemical reaction using the peroxidase antiperoxidase method demonstrated that amyloidotic pancre ... | 1986 | 3550780 |
| neutralizing antibody prevents type d retrovirus viremia in celebes black macaques. | the celebes black macaque (macaca nigra) colony at the oregon regional primate research center has a high incidence of simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (saids-rf) that may be caused by type d retrovirus type 2 (srv-2). during the spring and autumn screening of the colony, seven monkeys previously aviremic were found to be viremic on the basis of the raji co-culture assay. these monkeys and control groups were selected for further study, which included titration of neutralizing antibody ... | 1986 | 3791698 |
| lipoprotein patterns in nondiabetic, borderline diabetic, and diabetic macaca nigra. | lipoproteins were isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation, and the concentrations and compositions were determined in nondiabetic (nd), borderline diabetic (bd), and diabetic (d) macaca nigra males consuming a chow ration. the total concentrations and components of the vldl and idl increased significantly with metabolic deterioration (p less than 0.01). concentrations and components of ldl increased in the bd and d monkeys, but changes were not statistically significant. the hdl2 and hdl3 par ... | 1987 | 3827973 |
| atherosclerosis and insulin in primates with diabetes mellitus. | the most commonly available primate models of diabetes mellitus are of the insulin-dependent type and are attained through beta cell ablation techniques. noninsulin-dependent primate models are less common since the animals must have a genetic predisposition to diabetes. few studies have been conducted on lipid or vascular abnormalities associated with diabetes in primates. diabetes develops spontaneously in macaca nigra as the result of a lesion in the islets of langerhans. as secretory cells a ... | 1985 | 3906362 |
| islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies in macaca nigra. | islet cell antibodies (ica) have been measured in mature macaca nigra. of 30 nondiabetic monkeys, 26 (87%) were ica-negative; of 43 monkeys with evidence of mild to severe hormonal or glycemic abnormalities, 39 (91%) were ica-positive. pancreatic islets were examined from biopsy and autopsy sections to assess cell deterioration and amyloid infiltration. no ica were found in 13 of 18 (72%) monkeys with no evidence of amyloid, whereas 30 of 35 (86%) monkeys with islet amyloid and concurrent cell d ... | 1984 | 6365658 |
| correlations of aortic histology with gross aortic atherosclerosis and metabolic measurements in diabetic and nondiabetic macaca nigra. | we studied the aortic histology of 28 macaca nigra males and females, from 6 to more than 20 years old, normal and manifesting various degrees of spontaneous diabetes. correlations of several metabolic and hormonal indicators of diabetes severity with gross and microscopic findings in the aortas demonstrated direct associations with the severity of atherosclerosis. mild to relatively severe aortic lesions were present. these monkeys showed many changes similar to those observed in medium and lar ... | 1984 | 6380510 |
| correlations of hemoglobin a1c and metabolic status in nondiabetic, borderline diabetic, and diabetic macaca nigra. | glycosylated hemoglobin a1c (hba1c) increases from 2.6% in nondiabetic macaca nigra to 7.9% in diabetic monkeys. monkeys without overt hyperglycemia but with impaired glucose clearance, impaired insulin secretion, and increased postprandial glucose have a significant increase in glycosylation to 3.5%. hba1c. two different forms of hemoglobin are electrophoretically distinguishable in this species due to an amino acid change in the globin beta-chain. colorimetric analysis established that glycosy ... | 1982 | 6757022 |
| immunoreactive glucagon in nondiabetic and diabetic macaca nigra. | the primary form of immunoreactive glucagon (irg) in macaca nigra has been identified as pancreatic, alpha-cell-size glucagon (irg3500), with a molecular weight of about 3500. assays with 30k and k-964 glucagon antibodies gave virtually identical results. column chromatography of plasma on bio-gel p-30 indicated ony minimal amounts of high-molecular-weight irg. levels of irg decrease during a glucose infusion, a response expected of irg3500. irg concentrations apparently greater than human value ... | 1981 | 7239433 |
| serum proteins of macaca nigra. identification and changes in nondiabetic and diabetic monkeys. | serum proteins of macaca nigra were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. proteins identified were: albumin, alpha 1-globulin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, beta 1c-globulin, and gamma 1- and gamma 2-globulins. diabetic m. nigra had decreased gamma 2-globulin; borderline diabetics had increased beta 3-globulin. | 1981 | 7343668 |
| normal erythrocytic delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in ten nonhuman primate species. | normal data on erythrocytic delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (alad) activity were obtained from ten species of nonhuman primates: tupaia glis, galago crassicaudatus, saimiri sciureus, papio spp., theropithecus gelada, macaca mulatta, macaca fascicularis, macaca nigra, hylobates lar entelloides and pan troglodytes. significant differences between species were observed with m. mulatta having the lowest activity and g. crassicaudatus the highest. pan troglodytes and papio spp. have levels of e ... | 1980 | 7441716 |
| population densities of sulawesi crested black macaques (macaca nigra) on bacan and sulawesi, indonesia: effects of habitat disturbance and hunting. | population surveys of sulawesi crested black macaques (macaca nigra) were conducted on the indonesian islands of sulawesi and bacan in 1992-1994 to assess the status of natural populations and determine habitat and anthropogenic factors affecting their population densities. we surveyed five sites for primates, including undisturbed and disturbed habitats. data were collected on habitat structure and composition at two undisturbed and one disturbed forest site in which the primates were surveyed. ... | 1998 | 9503122 |
| islet cell antibodies in sulawesi macaques. | older monkeys of the sulawesian species macaca nigra spontaneously develop a lesion in the pancreatic islets of langerhans in which there is deposition of amyloid and gradual degeneration of all cells, which can lead eventually to development of diabetes mellitus. islet cell antibodies (ica), formed in response to the release of cellular antigens, can be used to detect the islet lesion and to monitor the progression of each monkey toward diabetes. numerous m. nigra and one m. tonkeana in captivi ... | 1999 | 10075436 |
| [animal models in the study of atherosclerosis]. | when selecting an animal species for atherosclerosis research, the most important issue is matching the model to the experiment. in choosing the atherosclerosis model there is a wide variety of choices. genetic hyperlipidemic disorders are best studied in watanabe rabbits and in transgenic (knockout or overexpressed) mice. interaction between clotting disorders and atherosclerosis can be evaluated in von wilebrand's disease swine. if hypo- or hyper-responsiveness to atherogenic stimuli is to be ... | 2003 | 14692136 |
| prevalence of enteric parasites in pet macaques in sulawesi, indonesia. | on the indonesian island of sulawesi, nonhuman primate pets come into frequent contact with humans, presenting the possibility of zoonotic and anthropozoonotic disease transmission. we collected fecal samples from 88 pet macaques representing six of the seven macaque species currently recognized as endemic to sulawesi (macaca nigra, m. nigrescens, m. hecki, m. tonkeana, m. maura, and m. ochreata) as well as two non-endemic species (m. fascicularis and m. nemestrina) in order to determine the pre ... | 2004 | 14983465 |
| evolution of an intronic microsatellite polymorphism in toll-like receptor 2 among primates. | nonhuman primates express varying responses to mycobacterium tuberculosis: new world monkeys appear to be resistant to tuberculosis (tb) while old world monkeys seem to be particularly susceptible. the aim of this study was to elucidate the presence of the regulatory guanine-thymine (gt) repeat polymorphisms in intron 2 of toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) associated with the development of tb in humans and to determine any variations in these microsatellite polymorphisms in primates. we sequenced the ... | 2006 | 16912902 |
| phylogeny of primate t lymphotropic virus type 1 (ptlv-1) including various new asian and african non-human primate strains. | to further unravel intra- and interspecies ptlv-1 evolution in asia and africa, we phylogenetically analysed 15 new stlv-1 ltr and env sequences discovered in eight different asian and african non-human primate species. we show that orang-utan stlv-1s form a tight, deeply branching monophyletic cluster between asian stlv-1 macaque species clades, suggesting natural cross-species transmission. novel viruses of macaca maura, macaca nigra and siamang cluster with other sulawesian stlv-1s, demonstra ... | 2007 | 16931175 |
| daytime birth of a baby crested black macaque (macaca nigra) in the wild. | in mammals, which give birth to more or less dependent offspring, parturition usually takes place during the animals' resting period and in a secure environment. we report here the first direct and documented observation of a daytime birth of a wild baby crested black macaque, macaca nigra, in the tangkoko batuangus nature reserve, north sulawesi, indonesia. we further consider the parturition time as a female reproductive strategy in a broader evolutionary framework. | 2008 | 18565691 |
| kinship and affiliative behavior patterns in a captive group of celebes black apes (macaca nigra). | the influence of matrilineal kinship on four socially affiliative behavior patterns--grooming, contact, proximity, and play--was studied in a little-known primate species, the celebes black ape (macaca nigra). twenty group-living black apes, comprising four genealogical groups, were observed for more than 100 hr; data were collected by the instantaneous scan technique. animals spent more time than was expected by chance grooming, in contact with, and in proximity to their matrilineal relatives, ... | 2013 | 4042620 |
| endometrial carcinoma in a celebese black macaque (macaca nigra). | | 2008 | 2588441 |
| first detection of echinococcus multilocularis infection in two species of nonhuman primates raised in a zoo: a fatal case in cercopithecus diana and a strongly suspected case of spontaneous recovery in macaca nigra. | the causative parasite of alveolar echinococcosis, echinococcus multilocularis, maintains its life cycle between red foxes (vulpes vulples, the definitive hosts) and voles (the intermediate hosts) in hokkaido, japan. primates, including humans, and some other mammal species can be infected by the accidental ingestion of eggs in the feces of red foxes. in august 2011, a 6-year-old zoo-raised female diana monkey (cercopithecus diana) died from alveolar echinococcosis. e. multilocularis infection w ... | 2014 | 24780141 |
| identification of entamoeba polecki with unique 18s rrna gene sequences from celebes crested macaques and pigs in tangkoko nature reserve, north sulawesi, indonesia. | unique species of macaques are distributed across sulawesi island, indonesia, and the details of entamoeba infections in these macaques are unknown. a total of 77 stool samples from celebes crested macaques (macaca nigra) and 14 stool samples from pigs were collected in tangkoko nature reserve, north sulawesi, and the prevalence of entamoeba infection was examined by pcr. entamoeba polecki was detected in 97% of the macaques and all of the pigs, but no other entamoeba species were found. the nuc ... | 2016 | 26861809 |
| type d srv-2 virus-specific cd8+ and cd4- cd8- t cells that regulate virus-induced t cell proliferation in celebes macaques. | these studies defined srv-2 envelope peptides 96-102, 127-152, and 233-249 as t cell epitopes that induce significant t cell proliferation. peripheral blood lymphocytes of celebes macaques (macaca nigra) exposed to srv-2 and currently virus- antibody+, cultured with srv-2 virus show strongly suppressed t cell responses and have two immunoregulatory t cell populations. | 2014 | 7692057 |
| keeper-animal interactions: differences between the behaviour of zoo animals affect stockmanship. | stockmanship is a term used to describe the management of animals with a good stockperson someone who does this in a in a safe, effective, and low-stress manner for both the stock-keeper and animals involved. although impacts of unfamiliar zoo visitors on animal behaviour have been extensively studied, the impact of stockmanship i.e familiar zoo keepers is a new area of research; which could reveal significant ramifications for zoo animal behaviour and welfare. it is likely that different relati ... | 2015 | 26509670 |
| social tolerance in wild female crested macaques (macaca nigra) in tangkoko-batuangus nature reserve, sulawesi, indonesia. | in primates, females typically drive the evolution of the social system and present a wide diversity of social structures. to understand this diversity, it is necessary to document the consistency and/or flexibility of female social structures across and within species, contexts, and environments. macaques (macaca sp.) are an ideal taxon for such comparative study, showing both consistency and variation in their social relations. their social styles, constituting robust sets of social traits, ca ... | 2013 | 23307343 |
| activity patterns in a captive group of celebes black apes (macaca nigra). | both time of day and weather significantly influenced the behavioral activity profile of a captive group of celebes black apes. there were significant differences when their activity profile was compared to those of stumptail macaques, pigtail macaques, sooty mangabeys and geladas observed under similar conditions. there were, nonetheless several remarkable consistencies, especially among taxonomically related forms. significant sex differences were also noted for grooming, social interaction ra ... | 1988 | 3254853 |
| social play in crested and japanese macaques: testing the covariation hypothesis. | most studies about social play have focused on its function in aiding socialization. it is not known whether play patterns vary by species according to specific adult social relationships. to test whether there is covariation between the form of play interactions and adult relationships, we studied social play in japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) and crested macaques (macaca nigra). comparative studies have shown that whereas low levels of tolerance and strict hierarchies characterize japanese ... | 2008 | 18393281 |
| mimetic muscles in a despotic macaque (macaca mulatta) differ from those in a closely related tolerant macaque (m. nigra). | facial displays (or expressions) are a primary means of visual communication among conspecifics in many mammalian orders. macaques are an ideal model among primates for investigating the co-evolution of facial musculature, facial displays, and social group size/behavior under the umbrella of "ecomorphology". while all macaque species share some social behaviors, dietary, and ecological parameters, they display a range of social dominance styles from despotic to tolerant. a previous study found a ... | 2016 | 27343148 |
| social variables exert selective pressures in the evolution and form of primate mimetic musculature. | mammals use their faces in social interactions more so than any other vertebrates. primates are an extreme among most mammals in their complex, direct, lifelong social interactions and their frequent use of facial displays is a means of proximate visual communication with conspecifics. the available repertoire of facial displays is primarily controlled by mimetic musculature, the muscles that move the face. the form of these muscles is, in turn, limited by and influenced by phylogenetic inertia ... | 2016 | 26750637 |
| highly polymorphic microsatellite markers for the assessment of male reproductive skew and genetic variation in critically endangered crested macaques (macaca nigra). | genetic analyses based on noninvasively collected samples have become an important tool for evolutionary biology and conservation. crested macaques (macaca nigra), endemic to sulawesi, indonesia, are important for our understanding of primate evolution as sulawesi macaques represent an exceptional example of primate adaptive radiation. crested macaques are also critically endangered. however, to date we know very little about their genetics. the aim of our study was to find and validate microsat ... | 2017 | 28845069 |
| temporary hindlimb paresis following dystocia due to foetal macrosomia in a celebes crested macaque (macaca nigra). | a multiparous celebes crested macaque presented with dystocia due to foetal macrosomia, causing foetal mortality and hindlimb paresis. after emergency caesarean section, recovery of motor function took 1 month before hindlimbs were weight bearing and 2 months before re-integration with the troop. | 2017 | 28145565 |
| is social dispersal stressful? a study in male crested macaques (macaca nigra). | in gregarious species, dispersal events represent one of the most dramatic changes in social life and environment an animal will experience during life due to increased predation risk, aggression from unfamiliar conspecifics and the lack of social support. however, little is known about how individuals respond physiologically to dispersal and whether this process is stressful for the individuals involved. we therefore studied the physiological stress response during dispersal in the crested maca ... | 2017 | 27806913 |
| determinants of immigration strategies in male crested macaques (macaca nigra). | immigration into a new group can produce substantial costs due to resistance from residents, but also reproductive benefits. whether or not individuals base their immigration strategy on prospective cost-benefit ratios remains unknown. we investigated individual immigration decisions in crested macaques, a primate species with a high reproductive skew in favour of high-ranking males. we found two different strategies. males who achieved low rank in the new group usually immigrated after another ... | 2016 | 27535622 |
| mother-male bond, but not paternity, influences male-infant affiliation in wild crested macaques. | in promiscuous primates, interactions between adult males and infants have rarely been investigated. however, recent evidence suggests that male affiliation towards infants has an influence on several aspects of the infants' life. furthermore, affiliations may be associated with male reproductive strategy. in this study, we examined which social factors influenced male-infant affiliation initiated by either male or infant, in wild crested macaques (macaca nigra). we combined behavioral data and ... | 2017 | 27478299 |
| macaques can predict social outcomes from facial expressions. | there is widespread acceptance that facial expressions are useful in social interactions, but empirical demonstration of their adaptive function has remained elusive. here, we investigated whether macaques can use the facial expressions of others to predict the future outcomes of social interaction. crested macaques (macaca nigra) were shown an approach between two unknown individuals on a touchscreen and were required to choose between one of two potential social outcomes. the facial expression ... | 2016 | 27155662 |
| alpha male replacements and delayed dispersal in crested macaques (macaca nigra). | in species with a high male reproductive skew, competition between males for the top dominant position is high and escalated fights are common between competitors. as a consequence, challenges incur potentially high costs. selection should favor males who time an alpha male challenge to maximize chances of a successful outcome minimizing costs. despite the importance of alpha male replacements for individual males, we know little about the timing of challenges and the condition of the challenger ... | 2017 | 26194621 |
| familiar and unfamiliar face recognition in crested macaques (macaca nigra). | many species use facial features to identify conspecifics, which is necessary to navigate a complex social environment. the fundamental mechanisms underlying face processing are starting to be well understood in a variety of primate species. however, most studies focus on a limited subset of species tested with unfamiliar faces. as well as limiting our understanding of how widely distributed across species these skills are, this also limits our understanding of how primates process faces of indi ... | 2015 | 26064665 |
| facial expression recognition in crested macaques (macaca nigra). | facial expressions are a main communication channel used by many different species of primate. despite this, we know relatively little about how primates discriminate between different facial expressions, and most of what we do know comes from a restricted number of well-studied species. in this study, three crested macaques (macaca nigra) took part in matching-to-sample tasks where they had to discriminate different facial expressions. in a first experiment, the macaques had to match a photogra ... | 2015 | 25821924 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the crested black macaque (macaca nigra). | the complete mitochondrial sequence of the crested black macaque (macaca nigra) has been determined by mapping the raw data to previously published mitochondrial assemblies of the corresponding species. the total sequence length is 16,564 bp and includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rna genes, 22 transfer rna genes and 1 d-loop control region. the base composition of mtdna genome is 31.76% a, 25.27% t, 30.17% c, and 12.80% g, with an at content of 57.03%. the arrangement of genes in m. n ... | 2016 | 25489773 |
| social and ecological factors influencing offspring survival in wild macaques. | premature loss of offspring decreases direct fitness of parents. in gregarious mammals, both ecological and social variables impact offspring survival and may interact with each other in this regard. although a number of studies have investigated factors influencing offspring loss in mammals, we still know very little on how different factors interact with one another. we therefore investigated fetal and infant mortality in 3 large groups of wild crested macaques (macaca nigra) over a period of ... | 2014 | 25214754 |
| the impact of cognitive testing on the welfare of group housed primates. | providing cognitive challenges to zoo-housed animals may provide enriching effects and subsequently enhance their welfare. primates may benefit most from such challenges as they often face complex problems in their natural environment and can be observed to seek problem solving opportunities in captivity. however, the extent to which welfare benefits can be achieved through programmes developed primarily for cognitive research is unknown. we tested the impact of voluntary participation cognitive ... | 2013 | 24223146 |
| personality of wild male crested macaques (macaca nigra). | animal personalities, i.e. consistent differences in behavior across time and/or context, have received increased attention of behavioral biologists over the last years. recent research shows that personalities represent traits on which natural and sexual selection work and which can have substantial fitness consequences. the aim of this study is to establish the personality structure of crested macaque (macaca nigra) males as foundation for future studies on its adaptive value. we collected beh ... | 2013 | 23940517 |
| multicomponent and multimodal lipsmacking in crested macaques (macaca nigra). | primates' communicative signals are often dynamic and composed of multiple components, sometimes belonging to different sensory modalities. such multicomponent signals are of crucial importance in the study of communication: the addition of extra features to a signal has the potential to modulate or change the meaning and message of the specific signal. traditionally, however, components of compound signals are studied in isolation from each other, or communicative displays are studied as static ... | 2013 | 23225489 |
| long-term population survey of the sulawesi black macaques (macaca nigra) at tangkoko nature reserve, north sulawesi, indonesia. | the sulawesi black macaque (macaca nigra) population at tangkoko nature reserve in north sulawesi, indonesia has been the focus of periodic study for over 30 years. the population has shown considerable decline during much of that time. here we present the results of a long-term population survey of the tangkoko m. nigra, conducted over the past decade, to provide updated information and on-going assessment of the population. line-transect sampling was conducted annually from 1999 to 2002 and 20 ... | 2013 | 23161483 |
| social bonds affect anti-predator behaviour in a tolerant species of macaque, macaca nigra. | enduring positive social bonds between individuals are crucial for humans' health and well being. similar bonds can be found in a wide range of taxa, revealing the evolutionary origins of humans' social bonds. evidence suggests that these strong social bonds can function to buffer the negative effects of living in groups, but it is not known whether they also function to minimize predation risk. here, we show that crested macaques (macaca nigra) react more strongly to playbacks of recruitment al ... | 2012 | 22859593 |
| immunohistochemical and morphological features of a small bowel leiomyoma in a black crested macaque (macaca nigra). | spontaneous gastrointestinal neoplasms in non-human primates are commonly seen in aged individuals. due to genetic similarities between human and non-human primates, scientists have shown increasing interest in terms of comparative oncology studies. | 2012 | 22747606 |
| distress prevention by grooming others in crested black macaques. | allogrooming is probably one of the most common and most studied social behaviours in a variety of animals. whereas the short-term benefits for the groomee have often been investigated, little is known about the effects for the groomer. our study focused on the short-term effects of grooming another group member in seven adult female crested black macaques (macaca nigra). we found reductions in self-directed behaviour, an indicator of anxiety, and aggressive tendencies soon after grooming, when ... | 2010 | 19710054 |
| zinc toxicosis in a celebes ape (macaca nigra) following ingestion of pennies. | an adult celebes ape (macaca nigra) was presented for a routine yearly evaluation. abdominal radiographs revealed four radiodense metallic foreign objects resembling coins within the gastrointestinal tract. hematologic abnormalities included a mild nonregenerative anemia and a mild leukocytosis, and the biochemical profile reflected renal dysfunction. serum zinc levels were elevated. the animal was denied food for 24 hr in preparation for the endoscopic removal of the foreign objects. during thi ... | 1997 | 9226624 |
| comparison of glucose and insulin concentrations in macaque sera and plasma. | the glucose and insulin concentrations in blood from macaca nigra and m. mulatta were determined after an overnight fast and 3 min after a glucose infusion. blood treatment included clotting for serum or additions of fluoride, heparin, or heparin plus fluoride. samples were centrifuged at 0 min or after being held at 22 degrees c for 20, 40, or 60 min. levels of glucose and insulin generally agreed within 1 sd at all times examined for samples removed at 0 or 3 min. | 1988 | 3285009 |
| reaction patterns of islet-cell autoantibodies in macaca nigra. | circulating islet-cell autoantibodies (icaas) that reacted specifically with cytoplasmic components have been found in the blood of prediabetic macaca nigra. the three distinct reaction patterns observed involved the majority of islet cells throughout the islet; a moderate number of cells, mainly at the islet periphery and around the vasculature; and a few cells scattered throughout the islet. pancreas sections incubated with sera containing icaas followed with peroxidase-conjugated antibody wer ... | 1988 | 3065777 |
| spina bifida occulta in a celebes crested macaque. | | 1978 | 104945 |
| two-nucleotide codon change in a hemoglobin polymorphism of the celebes black ape (macaca nigra). | a hemoglobin polymorphism involving variant beta-chains was demonstrated in the celebes black ape, macaca nigra. fingerprinting and amino acid analysis of the tryptic peptides from the two chain types have shown that they differ by a single amino acid substitution, between lysine and aspartic acid, which requires a two-nucleotide change in the corresponding codon. another substitution in the same codon is found as a species between the black ape and that of other macaques. | 1976 | 816351 |
| diabetes in macaca nigra: metabolic and histologic changes. | | 1974 | 4615028 |
| correlations of serum triglyceride and prebetalipoprotein levels to the severity of spontaneous diabetes in macaca nigra. | | 1974 | 4363073 |
| spontaneous diabetes in macaca nigra. | | 1972 | 4628737 |
| time matching between grooming partners: do methodological distinctions between short versus long-term reciprocation matter? | primatologists have long focused on grooming exchanges to examine aspects of social relationships, co-operation, and social cognition. one particular interest is the extent to which reciprocating grooming partners time match, and the time frame over which they do so. conclusions about time matching vary across species. generally, researchers focus on the duration of pauses between grooming episodes that involve a switch in partner roles and choose a cut-off point to distinguish short from longer ... | 2019 | 30919475 |
| collection and fertilization potential of sperm from the sulawesi crested black macaque (macaca nigra). | in this study, semen was obtained by rectal probe electrostimulation (rpe) from the sulawesi crested black macaque (macaca nigra). three experimental series were conducted. first, semen was collected from four animals anesthetized with either tiletamine-zolazepam (telazol®) or ket-amine-hcl (vetalar®) (five collections from each animal with each drug). because of greater muscle relaxation and analgesia, we found tiletaminezolazepam to be an attractive alternative to ketamine-hcl as an anesthetic ... | 1992 | 31941206 |
| where's the cookie? the ability of monkeys to track object transpositions. | object permanence is the ability to represent mentally an object and follow its position even when it has disappeared from view. according to piaget's 6-stage scale of the sensorimotor period of development, it seems that object permanence appears in stage 4 and fully develops in stage 6. in this study, we investigated the ability of some species of monkeys (i.e. pig-tailed macaque, lion-tailed macaque, celebes crested macaque, barbary macaque, de brazza's monkey, l'hoest's monkey, allen's swamp ... | 2018 | 29858974 |
| functional divergence of the bitter receptor tas2r38 in sulawesi macaques. | bitter perception is mediated by g protein-coupled receptors tas2rs and plays an important role in avoiding the ingestion of toxins by inducing innate avoidance behavior in mammals. one of the best-studied tas2rs is tas2r38, which mediates the perception of the bitterness of synthetic phenylthiocarbamide (ptc). previous studies of tas2r38 have suggested that geographical separation enabled the independent divergence of bitter taste perception. the functional divergence of tas2r38 in allopatric s ... | 2019 | 31624557 |
| morphological variants of silent bared-teeth displays have different social interaction outcomes in crested macaques (macaca nigra). | while it has been demonstrated that even subtle variation in human facial expressions can lead to significant changes in the meaning and function of expressions, relatively few studies have examined primate facial expressions using similarly objective and rigorous analysis. construction of primate facial expression repertoires may, therefore, be oversimplified, with expressions often arbitrarily pooled and/or split into subjective pigeonholes. our objective is to assess whether subtle variation ... | 2020 | 32820559 |
| comparison of fecal preservation and extraction methods for steroid hormone metabolite analysis in wild crested macaques. | since the non-invasive field endocrinology techniques were developed, several fecal preservation and extraction methods have been established for a variety of species. however, direct adaptation of methods from previous studies for use in crested macaques should be taken with caution. we conducted an experiment to assess the accuracy and stability of fecal estrogen metabolite (e1c) and glucocorticoid metabolite (gcm) concentrations in response to several preservation parameters: (1) time lag bet ... | 2018 | 29429140 |
| population survey of macaques in northern sulawesi. | a field survey of 25 sites in sulawesi utara (north sulawesi) in 1987 and 1988 found macaques in 16 of these sites. the most viable population of macaca nigra was found in the tangkoko reserve at an estimated density of 76.2 monkeys/km2, which is less than one-third the abundance reported in the late 1970s by the mackinnons. the adjacent reserves of batuangus and duasudara had only 22 monkeys/km2, yielding a population estimate for these three contiguous reserves of only 3,655 individuals. macca ... | 1989 | 31964025 |
| effects of physical and chemical restraint on intravenous glucose tolerance test in crested black macaques (macaca nigra). | the effects of physical and chemical restraint on glucose clearance and insulin secretion were evaluated during intravenous glucose tolerance testing in macaca nigra. conscious monkeys placed in plexiglas cylindrical restraining devices (crd) appeared relaxed, but glucose clearance and insulin secretion were impaired. a combination of midazolam with ketamine, compared to ketamine alone, did not cause detectable changes in the intravenous glucose tolerance tests; midazolam also reduced adverse re ... | 1988 | 31968898 |