| evaluation of the specificity of five oligoprobes for identification of cyathostomin species from horses. | here, we report evaluation of five oligoprobes designed from intergenic spacer (igs) region sequences for identification of cyathostomin species. oligoprobes were designed for identification of cylicocyclus ashworthi, cylicocyclus nassatus, cylicostephanus longibursatus, cylicostephanus goldi and a fifth probe designed to identify all members of this tribe. pcr amplification of igs dna from 16 cyathostomin species allowed sequence comparison and identification of four putative species-specific p ... | 2001 | 11239940 |
| a pcr-elisa for the identification of cyathostomin fourth-stage larvae from clinical cases of larval cyathostominosis. | we report the use of six oligoprobes designed from intergenic spacer region sequences to identify fourth-stage larvae (l4) of the tribe cyathostominae. oligoprobes were designed for identification of the following species: cylicocyclus ashworthi, cylicocyclus nassatus, cylicocyclus insigne, cyathostomum catinatum, cylicostephanus goldi, and cylicostephanus longibursatus. a seventh probe was designed as a positive control to identify all these members of the cyathostominae. the intergenic spacer ... | 2003 | 14527525 |
| identification of strongyle eggs from anthelmintic-treated horses using a pcr-elisa based on intergenic dna sequences. | the efficacy of five daily fenbendazole (fbz) treatments was tested against benzimidazole-resistant cyathostomins in naturally infected horses (n=13). horses were treated with pyrantel embonate (pyr) to remove adult strongyles followed, 7 days later, by a 5-day course of fbz. the pyr treatment produced an average faecal egg count reduction of 98%. all samples were negative by faecal egg count 7 days after the start of the fbz treatment. positive egg counts were observed from 28 days after the st ... | 2005 | 15682337 |
| species-specific identification of equine cyathostomes resistant to fenbendazole and susceptible to oxibendazole and moxidectin by macroarray probing. | cyathostome populations in horses on two farms located in central italy with a history of fenbendazole (fbz) resistance were investigated with the faecal egg count reduction test to evaluate the susceptibility to oxibendazole and moxidectin. faecal eggs were collected pre- and post-treatment on each farm and molecularly examined with a reverse line blot (rlb) assay able to unequivocally detect and identify 13 cyathostome species. resistance to fbz was confirmed on both farms, while oxibendazole ... | 2009 | 18950625 |
| in vitro development of cyathostomin larvae from the third stage larvae to the fourth stage: morphologic characterization, effects of refrigeration, and species-specific patterns. | a mixed population of equine cyathostomin (nematoda, strongyloidea) infective third stage larvae (l3) was cultured in vitro using a cell-free medium. some l3 were cultured immediately after baermann collection from fecal cultures, while others were kept in water at 4 degrees c for 7 days before initiating the in vitro cultures. cultures were examined daily for viability. at days 2, 7, 14 and 21 larvae were collected for identification of developmental stage and morphological changes, using both ... | 2009 | 19493623 |
| critical tests evaluating efficacy of moxidectin against small strongyles in horses from a herd for which reduced activity had been found in field tests in central kentucky. | critical tests were performed in 2009 and 2010 in four 2-year-old horses naturally infected with internal parasites. the horses were from a herd (farm mc) where reduced activity of ivermectin and moxidectin on small strongyles was demonstrated previously from epg (eggs/gram of feces) data in field tests. also, in critical tests in horses from the same herd, ivermectin was less effective on immature small strongyles in the lumen of the large intestine than when the drug was first marketed. the ma ... | 2010 | 20714749 |
| three recently recognized species of cyathostomes (nematoda: strongylidae) in equids in kentucky. | three species of cyathostomes--cylicocyclus ashworthi, cylicostephanus bidentatus, and cylicostephanus hybridus were identified recently in horses in kentucky. general characteristics and distinguishing description of these species are presented. distribution of these species and their role in the horse strongylid community are discussed. the importance of examining the entire contents of the large intestine or alternatively a high number of specimens in order to recover and identify species res ... | 2010 | 21107866 |
| β-tubulin genotypes in six species of cyathostomins from anthelmintic-naive przewalski and benzimidazole-resistant brood horses in ukraine. | resistance to benzimidazoles (bz) in the gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock is characterised by the presence of specific polymorphisms in the β-tubulin isotype 1 protein, a component of microtubules. the most prevalent polymorphism associated with resistance in nematodes infecting cattle, sheep, and goats is found at codon 200, with minor occurrences of polymorphisms at codons 167 and 198. in the cyathostomins that infect horses, however, a polymorphism at codon 167 appears to be more commo ... | 2011 | 21553015 |
| development of a recombinant protein-based elisa for diagnosis of larval cyathostomin infection. | cyathostomins are ubiquitous nematodes of horses. once ingested, they can spend a substantial time as encysted larvae in the intestinal wall. the larvae can comprise up to 90% of the total burden, with up to several million worms reported in individuals. these stages can emerge in large numbers to cause life-threatening colitis. direct methods for detection of encysted larval burdens in live horses do not exist. previously, two antigen complexes were identified as promising markers for infection ... | 2016 | 27174468 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the genus cylicocyclus (nematoda: strongylidae) based on nuclear ribosomal sequence data. | seven species of cylicocyclus ihle, 1922 (nematoda: strongylidae) were collected from donkeys from henan province, china. five samples of each species were selected for sequencing. sixteen different internal transcribed spacer (its) sequences representing the seven species of cylicocyclus were obtained. sequence differences in the first internal transcribed spacer (its-1) among species was lower than that of the second internal transcribed spacer (its-2). phylogenetic analyses were conducted usi ... | 2013 | 23666651 |