| [clinical application of extracts of echinacea purpurea or echinacea pallida. critical evaluation of controlled clinical studies]. | the phytotherapy should be understood as being integrated into the rational pharmacotherapy. the modern phytotherapy tries hard to proof effects with pharmacological and clinical studies. the task force e of the federal bureau of health of germany has made a statement regarding this problem. this article reviews only controlled clinical trials about the application of extracts of echinacea purpura or echinacea pallida. | 1996 | 8686334 |
| [pharmaceutical comparability of different therapeutic echinacea preperations]. | cichoric acid and dodeca 2e, 4e, 8z, 10e/z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide (alkamides 8, 9) are described as immunomodulating active components of echinacea. we quantified both substances in 25 echinacea-containing remedies customary in trade. concerning both active components, we found highly concentrated remedies as well as remedies without any detectable cichoric acid or alkamides. the concentration of both active components varied extremely depending on the type of remedy (homeopathic mother t ... | 2000 | 11155023 |
| methyl jasmonate increases reported alkamides and ketoalkene/ynes in echinacea pallida (asteraceae). | methyl jasmonate (mj), a naturally-occurring plant cellular signal molecule, was found to induce production of lipophilic secondary metabolites in echinacea pallida seedlings. seedling aerial parts were sprayed with 100 ppm mj, and roots were harvested and extracted 24 h later. lipophilic root extracts, separated by hplc, revealed significant increases (p< 0.05) in six alkamides or related ketoalkene/ynes produced by 34 day-old plants and in seven compounds produced by 58 day-old plants. | 2001 | 11393522 |
| [qualitative characteristics of selected species of the genus echinacea moench]. | the paper examined the effect of production-technological conditions in relation to the ontogenetic stage of plants in three different species of the genus echinacea moench., comparing the species echinacea purpurea, echinacea atrorubens, and echinacea pallida. it also examined the differences in the content of essential oil in different plant organs and evaluated the representation of individual components in the essential oils of the species under study at the stage of the optimal maturity for ... | 2001 | 11797200 |
| anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing activity of echinacea pallida nutt. root extract. | among the different species belonging to the echinacea family, largely used in traditional medicine, echinacea pallida, echinacea purpurea and echinacea angustifolia were investigated. these different species, due to their difficult identification, were commonly confused in the past and probably used indifferently for the same therapeutic purposes. in fact, the three species have in common, some pharmacological activities, based on the presence of active compounds that act additively and synergi ... | 2002 | 11801391 |
| fast identification of echinacea purpurea dried roots using near-infrared spectroscopy. | near-infrared (nir) reflectance spectroscopy was used to develop a fast identification method for echinacea purpurea dried milled roots. method development was carried out using a pls (partial least-squares) algorithm and pretreatment options. the aim of this qualitative analysis was to confirm the identity of e. purpurea and to detect the presence of fraud, i.e., samples adulterated or substituted by echinacea angustifolia, echinacea pallida, or parthenium integrifolium. specificity was demonst ... | 2002 | 12069228 |
| simultaneous analysis of alkamides and caffeic acid derivatives for the identification of echinacea purpurea, echinacea angustifolia, echinacea pallida and parthenium integrifolium roots. | a reversed-phase hplc method was developed using a computer simulation program for the identification of dried roots of echinacea purpurea, e. angustifolia, e. pallida and parthenium integrifolium. hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds were analysed simultaneously leading to a two-fold decrease in analysis time compared to traditional hplc methods. | 2002 | 12094312 |
| evaluation of commercial ginkgo and echinacea dietary supplements for colchicine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. | in response to concerns that commercial dietary supplements containing ginkgo biloba (ginkgo) and echinacea purpurea, echinacea angustifolia, or echinacea pallida (echinacea) might be contaminated with colchicine, a highly selective and sensitive assay was developed for colchicine that is based on high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms-ms). the method utilizes reversed-phase hplc separation of compounds in a methanolic extract of the dietary supplement or botanica ... | 2002 | 12230411 |
| rapid and non-destructive determination of the echinacoside content in echinacea roots by atr-ir and nir spectroscopy. | nir reflection and atr-ir spectroscopy methods are developed to determine the echinacoside content in roots of echinacea angustifolia and echinacea pallida. based on the recorded spectra and the hplc reference data, chemometrical analyses are performed using a partial least squares (pls) algorithm. generally, good calibration statistics are obtained for the prediction of the echinacoside content presenting comparatively high coefficients of determination (r(2)) and low root mean standard errors ... | 2002 | 12391558 |
| [history of a plant: the example of echinacea]. | in comparison with other medicinal plants, the history of use of echinacea is relatively short. the plant originates from north america and was employed by the indigenous indians. the first archaeological evidence dates from the 18th century. included in the name echinacea or purple coneflower are several species of the asteraceae family: echinacea purpurea (l.) moench, echinacea angustifolia dc. and echinacea pallida (nutt.) nutt. information about the use of the plant from traditional healers ... | 2003 | 12808356 |
| arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation enhances survival rates and growth of micropropagated plantlets of echinacea pallida. | in an attempt to induce positive effects on the acclimatization of in vitro propagated echinacea pallida, four arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi, glomus mosseae, gigaspora ramisporophora, scutellospora fulgida and entrophospora colombiana were selected to aid the soil adaptation process. fungal inocula affected the survival of e. pallida plantlets ranging from 83 % to 92 %, depending on the am species and also contrasting with 58 % survival of the non-inoculated plantlets. growth and development ... | 2003 | 12898430 |
| [applied fundamental research of echinacea species]. | echinacea is a most famous "immune herb" in western countries, and continues to be the best selling herb for many years. for the last five years, our research group has cooperated with institute of medicinal plants in huairou district of beijing, carrying out studies on echinacea purpurea, which involved botany, cultivation, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacology and toxicology of the species. two other species introduced from canada, echinacea angustifolia and echinacea pa ... | 2004 | 14970897 |
| complementary and alternative interventions in asthma, allergy, and immunology. | to review which herbs are most commonly used as complementary and alternative medicine (cam) for treatment of asthma, allergy, and immunologic conditions. | 2004 | 15330011 |
| monoclonal antibodies against an arabinogalactan-protein from pressed juice of echinacea purpurea. | pressed juices of the aerial parts of echinacea purpurea are used as non-specific immunostimulants, and arabinogalactan-proteins (agps) have been shown to be part of the active principle. monoclonal antibodies against an agp from pressed juice of echinacea purpurea with complement-stimulating activity have been established by means of hybridoma techniques. to test the specificity of the antibodies, several other arabinogalactan-proteins from suspension cultures of echinacea purpurea, the roots o ... | 2004 | 15386194 |
| high molecular weight constituents from roots of echinacea pallida: an arabinogalactan-protein and an arabinan. | this investigation shows structural features of two macromolecules from roots of echinacea pallida (nutt.) nutt: an arabinogalactan-protein (agp) and an arabinan. the arabinogalactan-protein was precipitated with beta-glucosyl yariv reagent from a high molecular weight fraction. investigations of the neutral sugar composition revealed gal (52.1% w/w) and ara (38.2% w/w) in a ratio of 1.4:1, accompanied by glc (6.9% w/w) and rha (2.8% w/w). the content of uronic acids was 6.2%. mild acid hydrolys ... | 2005 | 15896372 |
| echinacea species (echinacea angustifolia (dc.) hell., echinacea pallida (nutt.) nutt.,echinacea purpurea (l.) moench): a review of their chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties. | this paper reviews the chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties of echinacea species used medicinally. the echinacea species echinacea angustifolia, echinacea pallida and echinacea purpurea have a long history of medicinal use for a variety of conditions, particularly infections, and today echinacea products are among the best-selling herbal preparations in several developed countries. modern interest in echinacea is focused on its immunomodulatory effects, particularly in the prevention ... | 2005 | 16102249 |
| the hepatoprotective action of ten herbal extracts in ccl4 intoxicated liver. | the effect of ten phytotherapeutic products on ccl(4) intoxicated liver in albino male wistar rats was investigated. biochemical parameters, including serum transaminase activity (gpt and got), histoenzymological measurements (lactate dehydrogenase, ldh; succinate dehydrogenase, sdh, cytochromoxidase, cyox; mg(2+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase, atp-ase) and histochemical (sudan black) and histological examinations (haematoxylin-eosin staining) of the liver were investigated. some positive e ... | 2005 | 16220565 |
| synergistic antioxidative effects of alkamides, caffeic acid derivatives, and polysaccharide fractions from echinacea purpurea on in vitro oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins. | preparations of echinacea are widely used as alternative remedies to prevent the common cold and infections in the upper respiratory tract. after extraction, fractionation, and isolation, the antioxidant activity of three extracts, one alkamide fraction, four polysaccharide-containing fractions, and three caffeic acid derivatives from echinacea purpurea root was evaluated by measuring their inhibition of in vitro cu(ii)-catalyzed oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein (ldl). the antioxidant ... | 2005 | 16302756 |
| isolation and structure elucidation of cytotoxic polyacetylenes and polyenes from echinacea pallida. | bioassay-guided fractionation of n-hexane extracts of echinacea pallida (asteraceae) roots led to the isolation and structure elucidation of two polyacetylenes (1, 3) and three polyenes (2, 4, 5). two are known hydroxylated compounds, namely 8-hydroxy-pentadeca-(9e)-ene-11,13-diyn-2-one (1) and 8-hydroxy-pentadeca-(9e,13z)-dien-11-yn-2-one (2). two dicarbonylic constituents, namely pentadeca-(9e)-ene-11,13-diyne-2,8-dione (3) and pentadeca-(9e,13z)-dien-11-yne-2,8-dione (4), were isolated and ch ... | 2006 | 16806329 |
| year-and-a-half old, dried echinacea roots retain cytokine-modulating capabilities in an in vitro human older adult model of influenza vaccination. | alcohol tinctures prepared from aged echinacea roots are typically taken for preventing or treating upper respiratory infections, as they are purported to stimulate immunity in this context. the effects of long-term (> 1 year) dry storage on the capabilities of echinacea spp. roots from mature individuals to modulate cytokine production are unknown. using an older human adult model of influenza vaccination, we collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects 6 months post-vaccination a ... | 2006 | 17021999 |
| cytotoxic effects of echinacea root hexanic extracts on human cancer cell lines. | echinacea is one of the most widely used alternative medicine in the world. intake of echinacea preparations is common among patients with advanced malignancies enrolled onto phase i chemotherapy trials; however, to our knowledge, no data are available regarding the possible direct effect of echinacea species on human cancer cells. the purpose of the present study was to investigate potential in vitro cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic properties of hexanic root extract of the three medicinal echinacea ... | 2007 | 17052874 |
| immunomodulatory effects of arabinogalactan-proteins from baptisia and echinacea. | the influences of different arabinogalactan-proteins (agps) on proliferation and igm-production of mouse lymphocytes as well as nitrite- and il6-production of mouse macrophages were investigated in vitro. agps have been isolated and purified from roots of baptisia tinctoria and echinacea pallida and suspension culture of echinacea purpurea. comparing the agps, there are differences with regard to fine structure as well as to activities. agps from roots of b. tinctoria and e. pallida show high ac ... | 2006 | 17085292 |
| the first synthesis of a diynone from echinacea pallida. | in order to provide an authentic standard and to generate pure material for biological testing, an efficient synthetic route to 1 was developed. this represents the first total synthesis of a major bioactive diynone from e. pallida. | 2005 | 17106483 |
| high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of polyacetylenes and polyenes in echinacea pallida by using a monolithic reversed-phase silica column. | in this study, a rp-hplc method for the analysis of polyacetylenes and polyenes in echinacea pallida roots and phytopharmaceuticals was developed. the reference compounds used for quantification were isolated from the plant material and their structures were determined on the basis of the analysis of uv, ir, nmr and ms data. the complete structure elucidation of three compounds, namely 8-hydroxy-tetradec-(9e)-ene-11,13-diyn-2-one (1), tetradec-(8z)-ene-11,13-diyn-2-one (6) and pentadec-(8z)-en-2 ... | 2007 | 17126349 |
| mekc analysis of different echinacea species. | the distribution pattern of caffeic acid derivatives in echinacea species is complex, and problems with the identity of each drug have been recognized. micellar electrokinetic chromatography (mekc) has been applied to define the fingerprints of echinacea angustifolia, echinacea pallida, and echinacea purpurea, and their mixtures. the results obtained evidence that mekc is a valuable tool for the characterization of these drugs. | 1998 | 17253306 |
| tlc and hplc analysis of echinacea pallida and e. angustifolia roots. | the roots of echinacea pallida are characterized by tlc and hplc fingerprints of the polyacetylenes, polyenes, and the caffeic acid derivatives. the fingerprints can also be used for the differentiation between e. pallida and e. angustifolia root extracts. the main constituents of e. pallida roots are tetradeca-8 z-ene-11,13-diyn-2-one ( 2), pentadeca-8 z-ene-11,13-diyn-2-one ( 3), pentadeca-8 z,13 z-dien-11-yn-2-one ( 4), pentadeca-8 z,11 z,13 e-trien-2-one ( 5), pentadeca-8 z,11 e,13 z-trien-2 ... | 1988 | 17265305 |
| the synthesis and natural distribution of the major ketone constituents in echinacea pallida. | the first synthesis of a series of ketones naturally occurring in e. pallida is described. the natural distribution of these ketones among different echinacea species is also reported. | 2007 | 17851399 |
| variability of the essential oil from three sorts of echinacea moench genus during ontogenesis. | variability of the essential oil from three sorts of echinacea moench genus during ontogenesis the content and quality of the essential oil in relation to the main ontogenetic stages of plants were studied in three various sorts of echinacea genus. the comparison included echinacea purpurea, echinacea atrorubens, and echinacea pallida. the differences in the content of the oil in different parts of plants and the abundance of individual oil constituents in oils from the sorts under study at the ... | 2007 | 17867523 |
| enhancement of innate and adaptive immune functions by multiple echinacea species. | echinacea preparations are commonly used as nonspecific immunomodulatory agents. alcohol extracts from three widely used echinacea species, echinacea angustifolia, echinacea pallida, and echinacea purpurea, were investigated for immunomodulating properties. the three echinacea species demonstrated a broad difference in concentrations of individual lipophilic amides and hydrophilic caffeic acid derivatives. mice were gavaged once a day (for 7 days) with one of the echinacea extracts (130 mg/kg) o ... | 2007 | 17887935 |
| cytotoxic activity of polyacetylenes and polyenes isolated from roots of echinacea pallida. | the n-hexane extracts of the roots of three medicinally used echinacea species exhibited cytotoxic activity on human cancer cell lines, with echinacea pallida found to be the most cytotoxic. acetylenes are present in e. pallida lipophilic extracts but essentially absent in extracts from the other two species. in the present study, the cytotoxic effects of five compounds, two polyacetylenes (namely, 8-hydroxy-pentadeca-(9e)-ene-11,13-diyn-2-one (1) and pentadeca-(9e)-ene-11,13-diyne-2,8-dione (3) ... | 2008 | 18193076 |
| p-glycoprotein inhibitory activity of lipophilic constituents of echinacea pallida roots in a human proximal tubular cell line. | the n-hexane root extracts from echinacea pallida, echinacea angustifolia and echinacea purpurea were evaluated for inhibition of the multidrug transporter p-glycoprotein (pgp) activity, the product of the abcb1 gene, involved in cancer multidrug resistance (mdr) and in herb-drug or drug-drug interactions. the biological assay was performed using the human proximal tubule hk-2 cell line that constitutively expresses abcb1. the n-hexane extracts of all three species reduced the efflux of the pgp ... | 2008 | 18425719 |
| free amino acids in botanicals and botanical preparations. | numerous studies were carried out about aminoacidic composition of vegetable proteins, but information about the free amino acid pool and the role of these substances is very incomplete. the aim of this paper was to contribute to the scarce knowledge concerning the composition of free amino acids in botanicals and botanical preparations widely used as food, in dietary supplements, and in pharmaceutical products. this work studied the composition of free amino acids, identified the major componen ... | 2008 | 18576976 |
| synthesis and cannabinoid receptor activity of ketoalkenes from echinacea pallida and nonnatural analogues. | despite its popularity and widespread use, the efficacy of echinacea products remains unclear and controversial. among the various compounds isolated from echinacea, ketoalkenes and ketoalkenynes exclusively found in the pale purple coneflower (e. pallida) are major components of the extracts. in contrast to e. purpurea alkamides, these compounds have not been synthesized and studied for immunostimulatory effects. we present a practical and useful synthetic approach to the ketoalkenes using pall ... | 2008 | 18979494 |
| isolation, structure elucidation and total synthesis of a cytotoxic dienone from echinacea pallida. | the isolation and structure characterization of a dienone from the roots of echinacea pallida, namely (8z,11z)-pentadeca-8,11-dien-2-one, are described here. to assess the configuration of this secondary metabolite, the stereoselective total synthesis of the two isomeric forms, (8z,11z)- and (8z,11e)-pentadeca-8,11-dien-2-one, was undertaken and the structure elucidation of the natural compound was unambiguously carried out. the cytotoxic activity of both isomers was also evaluated on a human t ... | 2008 | 19005592 |
| metabolic profiling of echinacea genotypes and a test of alternative taxonomic treatments. | the genus echinacea is used as an herbal medicine to treat a variety of ailments. to better understand its potential chemical variation, 40 echinacea accessions encompassing broad geographical and morphological diversity were evaluated under controlled conditions. metabolites of roots from these accessions were analyzed by hplc-photo diode array (hplc-pda), gc-ms, and multivariate statistical methods. in total, 43 lipophilic metabolites, including 24 unknown compounds, were detected. weighted pr ... | 2009 | 19101884 |
| echinacea increases arginase activity and has anti-inflammatory properties in raw 264.7 macrophage cells, indicative of alternative macrophage activation. | the genus echinacea is a popular herbal immunomodulator. recent reports indicate that echinacea products inhibit nitric oxide (no) production in activated macrophages. | 2009 | 19111603 |
| analytical characterisation of homoeopathic mother tinctures. | quality of homoeopathic mother tinctures is assured by the definition of the starting material, the manufacturing process and the analytical characteristics described in the monograph. traditionally analytical characterisation of the mother tincture comprises appearance, odour, identity, density and dry residue. according to annex i of directive 2001/83/ec an assay is only performed in case of a health hazard due to toxic compounds. the concept of marker substances as usually used in phytotherap ... | 2009 | 19275866 |
| alcohol extract of echinacea pallida reverses stress-delayed wound healing in mice. | healing of open skin wounds begins with an inflammatory response. restraint stress has been well documented to delay wound closure, partially via glucocorticoid (gc)-mediated immunosuppression of inflammation. echinacea, a popular herbal immunomodulator, is purported to be beneficial for wound healing. to test the hypothesis, an alcohol extract of e. pallida was administrated orally to mice for 3 days prior to, and 4 days post wounding with a dermal biopsy on the dorsum. concomitantly, mice were ... | 2009 | 19303756 |
| anti-herpetic properties of hydroalcoholic extracts and pressed juice from echinacea pallida. | hydroalcoholic extracts and pressed juice from echinacea pallida were phytochemically characterised by hplc-ms analyses. ferulic and caffeic acid derivatives were identified as major constituents. all tested extracts and pressed juice from echinacea pallida exhibited a low cytotoxic activity on monkey kidney cells in vitro. the inhibitory activity of echinacea against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (hsv-1, hsv-2) was analysed with plaque reduction assays. all hydroalcoholic extracts exhibite ... | 2010 | 19790030 |
| endogenous levels of echinacea alkylamides and ketones are important contributors to the inhibition of prostaglandin e2 and nitric oxide production in cultured macrophages. | because of the popularity of echinacea as a dietary supplement, researchers have been actively investigating which echinacea constituent or groups of constituents are necessary for immune-modulating bioactivities. our prior studies indicate that alkylamides may play an important role in the inhibition of prostaglandin e2 (pge(2)) production. high-performance liquid chromatography fractionation, employed to elucidate interacting anti-inflammatory constituents from ethanol extracts of echinacea pu ... | 2009 | 19807154 |
| cytotoxic activity and g1 cell cycle arrest of a dienynone from echinacea pallida. | in the present study, a further investigation of the cytotoxic activity of an acetylenic constituent of echinacea pallida roots, namely, pentadeca-(8 z,13 z)-dien-11-yn-2-one, was performed, revealing a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity on several human cancer cell lines, including leukemia (jurkat and hl-60), breast carcinoma (mcf-7), and melanoma (mewo) cells. as part of its mechanism of action, the ability of this constituent to arrest the cell cycle in the g1 phase was demonstrated on hl- ... | 2010 | 19844866 |
| herbal supplements and athlete immune function--what's proven, disproven, and unproven? | the purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate current immunological and clinical literature regarding the effects of herbal preparations on athlete immune function. first, we review rates of herbal supplement use by athletes. second, we use ginseng (panax ginseng) and coneflower (echinacea spp.) as models for examining how herbal supplements may influence immune function within the contexts of exercise and sport, while briefly considering several other popular herbal products. third, we pr ... | 2009 | 19957872 |
| optimization and single-laboratory validation study of a high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method for the determination of phenolic echinacea constituents. | three species of echinacea (echinacea purpurea, echinacea angustifolia, and echinacea pallida) are commonly used for medicinal purposes. the phenolic compounds caftaric acid, cichoric acid, echinacoside, cynarin, and chlorogenic acid are among the phytochemical constituents that may be responsible for the purported beneficial effects of the herb. although methods for the analysis for these compounds have been published, documentation of their validity was inadequate as the accuracy and precision ... | 2010 | 20467727 |
| Reduction of Seed Dormancy in Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. by In-dark Seed Selection and Breeding. | Strong seed dormancy has been an obstacle for field production of Echinacea species. Previous research on overcoming Echinacea seed dormancy has been extensive and focused on treatment methods, which involve time and expense, and are incompatible with organic production if synthetic chemicals are used. We have attempted to genetically reduce seed dormancy through selection and breeding in Echinacea, by using E. pallida as a model species. Three accessions were used in this study. Nine parent pla ... | 2012 | 22081746 |
| [induction of adventitious roots of echinacea pallida and accumulation of caffeic acid derivatives]. | to investigate the effect of auxins 2,4-d,iaa,iba,naa on induction of adventitious roots as well as that of iba concentrations on the growth of adventitious roots and the accumulation of caffeic acid derivatives, with test-tube seedling leaves echinacea pallida as the explant, and cultivate adventitious roots in bioreactors. | 2012 | 23627176 |
| rabbit dietary supplementation with pale purple coneflower. 2. effects on the performances, bacterial community, blood parameters and immunity of growing rabbits. | echinacea pallida (epal), a herbaceous flowering plant with immunomodulatory properties, has been chosen to determine the pre- and post-supplementary effects on the growth performances, bacterial community, blood parameters and immunity of growing rabbits. the same grimaud does (14-week-old) from the studied in the first part of this study were randomly divided into two groups (n=50/group). the first group was fed a basal diet without supplementation (control group, c) while the another group wa ... | 2016 | 26763832 |
| biotechnological production of caffeic acid derivatives from cell and organ cultures of echinacea species. | caffeic acid derivatives (cads) are a group of bioactive compounds which are produced in echinacea species especially echinacea purpurea, echinacea angustifolia, and echinacea pallida. echinacea is a popular herbal medicine used in the treatment of common cold and it is also a prominent dietary supplement used throughout the world. caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid (5-o-caffeoylquinic acid), caftaric acid (2-o-caffeoyltartaric acid), cichoric acid (2, 3-o-dicaffeoyltartaric acid), cynarin, and echi ... | 2014 | 25077780 |
| rabbit dietary supplementation with pale purple coneflower. 1. effects on the reproductive performance and immune parameters of does. | echinacea pallida (epal), also known as pale purple coneflower, is a herbaceous flowering plant with immune-enhancement and antioxidative properties. the effect of epal on the reproductive performance, serum biochemistry and haematological parameters of rabbit does has been studied here. a total of 100, 21-week-old grimaud rabbit does, were randomly assigned to two groups. one group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 3 g epal/kg diet (echinacea group, e), while the other was fed the basal di ... | 2016 | 26763800 |
| review and assessment of medicinal safety data of orally used echinacea preparations. | echinacea purpurea, echinacea angustifoli and echinacea pallida are frequently used as medicinal plants. besides asking for evidence on their efficacy, there is an increasing interest for safety data. this review systematically presents the available literature on drug interactions, contraindications, adverse events, duration of use, and safety of use in pregnant and nursing women, and assesses the safety profile of corresponding echinacea preparations. it is noteworthy that all safety data repo ... | 2016 | 26441065 |
| echinacea sanguinea and echinacea pallida extracts stimulate glucuronidation and basolateral transfer of bauer alkamides 8 and 10 and ketone 24 and inhibit p-glycoprotein transporter in caco-2 cells. | the use of echinacea as a medicinal herb is prominent in the united states, and many studies have assessed the effectiveness of echinacea as an immunomodulator. we hypothesized that bauer alkamides 8, 10, and 11 and ketone 24 were absorbed similarly either as pure compounds or from echinacea sanguinea and echinacea pallida ethanol extracts, and that these echinacea extracts could inhibit the p-glycoprotein transporter in caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells. using hplc analysis, the permeati ... | 2013 | 23408271 |
| seasonal variations in the concentrations of lipophilic compounds and phenolic acids in the roots of echinacea purpurea and echinacea pallida. | roots of echinacea purpurea and echinacea pallida cultivated for 4 years in a north european climate were analyzed for seasonal variations in the concentrations of lipophilic constituents (alkamides, ketoalkenes, and ketoalkynes) and phenolic acids by harvesting five times during 1 year to establish the optimal time for harvest. a total of 16 alkamides, three ketoalkenes, two ketoalkynes, and four phenolic acids (echinacoside, cichoric acid, caftaric acid, and chlorogenic acid) were identified i ... | 2012 | 23181941 |
| simultaneous metabolite fingerprinting of hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds in echinacea pallida by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry detection. | in this study, a detailed phytochemical characterization of echinacea pallida (nutt.) nutt. root extracts and dietary supplements was carried out for the first time by developing advanced chromatographic techniques, based on hplc with diode array (dad) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (esi-ms) detection (with ion trap and triple quadrupole mass analyzers), for the simultaneous analysis of hydrophilic and lipophilic secondary metabolites. the hplc analyses were carried out on an asce ... | 2012 | 22560343 |