| numerical analysis of 295 phenotypic features of 266 xanthomonas strains and related strains and an improved taxonomy of the genus. | an extensive phenotypic description and an improved classification and nomenclature of the genus xanthomonas are presented. a total of 266 strains obtained from different geographical areas, including representative strains of all species of the genus xanthomonas and most pathovars of xanthomonas campestris, as well as strains which might be genetically related to the genus xanthomonas, were examined for 295 morphological, biochemical, and physiological features. similarities among the strains w ... | 1990 | 2275852 |
| evaluation of the dna fingerprinting method aflp as an new tool in bacterial taxonomy. | we investigated the usefulness of a novel dna fingerprinting technique, aflp, which is based on the selective amplification of genomic restriction fragments by pcr, to differentiate bacterial strains at the subgeneric level. in totals, 147 bacterial strains were subjected to aflp fingerprinting: 36 xanthomonas strains, including 23 pathovars of xanthomonas axonopodis and six pathovars of xanthomonas vasicola, one strain of stenotrophomonas, 90 genotypically characterized strains comprising all 1 ... | 1996 | 8757752 |
| extracellular polysaccharides from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis interact with cassava cell walls during pathogenesis. | the location of lipopolysaccharides produced by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis during pathogenesis on cassava (manihot esculenta) was determined by fluorescence and electron microscopy immunolabeling with monoclonal antibodies. during the early stages of infection, pathogen lipopolysaccharides were detected on the outer surface of the bacterial envelope and in areas of the plant middle lamellae in the vicinity of the pathogen. later in the infection process, lipopolysaccharide-specific ant ... | 1997 | 9304855 |
| development of a diagnostic dna probe for xanthomonads causing bacterial spot of peppers and tomatoes. | xanthomonas vesicatoria and xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, causal agents for bacterial spot of tomatoes and peppers, are difficult to distinguish from other xanthomonads found on field-grown plants. a genomic subtraction technique with subtracter dna from nonpathogenic epiphytic xanthomonads was used to enrich for sequences that could serve as diagnostic probes for these pathogens. a 1.75-kb psti-noti fragment (kk1750) that preferentially hybridized to x. vesicatoria dna and x. axonopod ... | 1997 | 9361433 |
| aflp fingerprinting: an efficient technique for detecting genetic variation of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. | xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam) is the causative agent of cassava bacterial blight (cbb), a worldwide disease that is particularly destructive in south america and africa. cbb is controlled essentially through the use of resistant varieties. to develop an appropriate disease management strategy, the genetic diversity of the pathogen's populations must be assessed. until now, the genetic diversity of xam was characterized by rflp analyses using ribotyping, and plasmid and genomic xam p ... | 1999 | 10206688 |
| aflp assessment of genetic variability in cassava accessions (manihot esculenta) resistant and susceptible to the cassava bacterial blight (cbb). | cassava bacterial blight (cbb) is caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam). resistance is found in manihot esculenta and, in addition, has been introgressed from a wild relative, m. glaziovii. the resistance is thought to be polygenic and additively inherited. ninety-three varieties of m. esculenta (crantz) were assessed by aflps for genetic diversity and for resistance to cbb. aflp analysis was performed using two primer combinations and a 79.2% level of polymorphism was found. the ... | 1999 | 10231955 |
| a simple extraction procedure for efficient routine detection of pathogenic bacteria in plant material by polymerase chain reaction. | a simple and rapid method for extracting dna from plants based on the use of an extraction buffer and precipitation with isopropanol was assayed to see its usefulness in detecting pathogenic bacteria in plant material. the method was compared with a phenol-chloroform standard procedure obtaining higher sensitivity levels of detection. the protocol developed was efficient for detecting a gram-positive bacterium, clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus and several gram-negative pathogenic bac ... | 1999 | 10395461 |
| a simplified subtractive hybridization protocol used to isolate dna sequences specific to xylella fastidiosa. | a simplified protocol of subtractive hybridization based on the technique of l. m. kunkel, a. p. monaco, w. middlesworth, h. d. ochs & s. a. latt (1985, proc natl acad sci usa, 82, 4778-4782) was used to obtain dna sequences specific to xylella fastidiosa isolated from diseased citrus plants. as a driver, dna extracted from bacteria showing different degrees of relatedness was used: xy. fastidiosa 788 isolated from another host (plum), xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and burkholderia gladi ... | 1999 | 10463163 |
| genotypic characterization of xanthomonad strains isolated from passion fruit plants (passiflora spp.) and their relatedness to different xanthomonas species. | the genetic diversity of 55 xanthomonad strains isolated from passion fruit plants (passiflora spp.) and identified as xanthomonas campestris pv. passiflorae was initially assessed by randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. the strains showed a high level of polymorphism with almost unique fingerprints. fifteen clusters with a similarity of approximately 70% were identified, three of which were prevalent. there was a correlation between the clusters and the geographic origin of the s ... | 2000 | 10758892 |
| systematic analysis of xanthomonads (xanthomonas spp.) associated with pepper and tomato lesions. | the taxonomy and evolutionary relationships among members of the genus xanthomonas associated with tomato and pepper have been a matter of considerable controversy since their original description in 1921. these bacteria, which are a major affliction of tomato and pepper crops in warm and humid regions, were originally described as a single species, but subsequent research has shown the existence of at least two genetic groups differentiated by physiological, biochemical and pathological charact ... | 2000 | 10843065 |
| cloning and molecular characterization of hrpx from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. | the hrpx gene of plant pathogenic xanthomonas species is essential for pathogenicity on host plants and to cause hypersensitive reaction on non-host plants. we cloned and analyzed a hrpx homologue, designated hrpxct, of x. axonopodis pv. citri, a pathogen of citrus canker. the open reading frame of hrpxct has 1431 bp in nucleotides which has a coding capacity of 476 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 52.4 kda. the predicted amino acid sequence of hrpxct has 90% identity to the arac fam ... | 2000 | 10902926 |
| genetic relationship among worldwide strains of xanthomonas causing canker in citrus species and design of new primers for their identification by pcr. | partial sequence analysis of the ribosomal operon in xanthomonas axonopodis allowed discrimination among strains causing the a, b, and c types of citrus bacterial canker (cbc) and quantification of the relationship of these organisms with other species and pathovars in the same genus. sets of primers based on sequence differences in the internally transcribed spacer and on a sequence from the plasmid gene ptha involved in virulence were designed for specific identification of xanthomonads causin ... | 2002 | 11872476 |
| phylogenetic analysis of xanthomonas species based upon 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer sequences. | phylogenetic relationships of 17 species of xanthomonas were assessed based on analysis of 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer (its) sequences; a higher level of resolution was obtained than that revealed by 16s rdna analysis. its sequences varied in size from 492 to 578 nt within the genus and the similarity among sequences ranged from 63 to 99%. major differences were found for the hyacinthi group, which included xanthomonas albilineans, xanthomonas hyacinthi, xanthomonas sacchari, xanthomonas thei ... | 2002 | 11931143 |
| comparison of the genomes of two xanthomonas pathogens with differing host specificities. | the genus xanthomonas is a diverse and economically important group of bacterial phytopathogens, belonging to the gamma-subdivision of the proteobacteria. xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (xac) causes citrus canker, which affects most commercial citrus cultivars, resulting in significant losses worldwide. symptoms include canker lesions, leading to abscission of fruit and leaves and general tree decline. xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc) causes black rot, which affects crucifers such a ... | 2002 | 12024217 |
| comparative genomic analysis of plant-associated bacteria. | this review deals with a comparative analysis of seven genome sequences from plant-associated bacteria. these are the genomes of agrobacterium tumefaciens, mesorhizobium loti, sinorhizobium meliloti, xanthomonas campestris pv campestris, xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri, xylella fastidiosa, and ralstonia solanacearum. genome structure and the metabolism pathways available highlight the compromise between the genome size and lifestyle. despite the recognized importance of the type iii secretion sy ... | 2002 | 12147758 |
| characterization of the xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines hrp pathogenicity island. | we sequenced an approximately 29-kb region from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines that contained the hrp type iii secretion system, and we characterized the genes in this region by tn3-gus mutagenesis and gene expression analyses. from the region, hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) and hrc (hrp and conserved) genes, which encode type iii secretion systems, and hpa (hrp-associated) genes were identified. the characteristics of the region, such as the presence of many virulence gene ... | 2003 | 12730176 |
| antibacterial activity of rosa damascena essential oil. | the essential oil of rosa damascena petals was evaluated for its antibacterial effects against three strains of xanthomonas axonopodis spp. vesicatoria. the essential oil may be a potential control agent in the management of the disease caused by x.a. vesicatoria in tomato and pepper plants. | 2003 | 12781814 |
| composition, acquisition, and distribution of the vi exopolysaccharide-encoding salmonella enterica pathogenicity island spi-7. | vi capsular polysaccharide production is encoded by the viab locus, which has a limited distribution in salmonella enterica serovars. in s. enterica serovar typhi, viab is encoded on a 134-kb pathogenicity island known as spi-7 that is located between partially duplicated trna(pheu) sites. functional and bioinformatic analysis suggests that spi-7 has a mosaic structure and may have evolved as a consequence of several independent insertion events. analysis of viab-associated dna in vi-positive s. ... | 2003 | 12923078 |
| high-throughput screening of structural proteomics targets using nmr. | we applied a high-throughput strategy for the screening of targets for structural proteomics of xanthomonas axonopodis pv citri. this strategy is based on the rapid (1)h-(15)n hsqc nmr analysis of bacterial lysates containing selectively (15)n-labelled heterologous proteins. our analysis permitted us to classify the 19 soluble candidates in terms of 'foldedness', that is, the extent to which they present a well-folded solution structure, as reflected by the quality of their nmr spectra. this cla ... | 2003 | 14527688 |
| phya, a secreted protein of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, is required for optimum virulence and growth on phytic acid as a sole phosphate source. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial leaf blight, a serious disease of rice. we have identified a novel virulence deficient mutant (bxo1691) of x. oryzae pv. oryzae that has a tn5 insertion in an open reading frame (phya; putative phytase a) encoding a 373-amino acid (aa) protein containing a 28-aa predicted signal peptide. extracellular protein profiles revealed that a 38-kda band is absent in phya mutants as compared with phya+ strains. a blast search with phya and its deduced polype ... | 2003 | 14601665 |
| genetic structure and population dynamics of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis in colombia from 1995 to 1999. | restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) were used to study the population genetics and temporal dynamics of the cassava bacterial pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. the population dynamics were addressed by comparing samples collected from 1995 to 1999 from six locations, spanning four different edaphoclimatic zones (eczs). forty-five different x. axonopodis pv. manihotis rflp types or haplotypes were identified between 1995 and 1999. high genetic diversity of the x. axonop ... | 2004 | 14711649 |
| polyphasic characterization of xanthomonads isolated from onion, garlic and welsh onion (allium spp.) and their relatedness to different xanthomonas species. | bacterial blight is an emerging disease that affects primarily onion, but also garlic and welsh onion. the present study was undertaken to characterize the causative xanthomonad(s) by a polyphasic approach using a worldwide collection of 33 bacterial strains. analysis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarities indicated that the causal agent belongs to the campestris core in the genus xanthomonas, which is in agreement with results of phenotypic characterization (analyses of carbon source utilizatio ... | 2004 | 14742454 |
| effector genes of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria promote transmission and enhance other fitness traits in the field. | establishing durable disease resistance in agricultural crops, where much of the plant defense is provided through effector-r gene interactions, is complicated by the ability of pathogens to overcome r gene resistance by losing the corresponding effector gene. many proposed methods to maintain disease resistance in the field depend on the idea that effector gene loss results in a fitness cost to the pathogen. in this article we test for fitness costs of effector gene function loss. we created di ... | 2004 | 15020460 |
| the leucine-responsive regulatory protein (lrp) gene for characterization of the relationship among xanthomonas species. | characterization of strains of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri by using dna fingerprints that were generated from primers for enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) elements led to the discovery of differential sequences for a leucine-responsive regulatory protein (lrp) gene in two subgroups of strains with different host ranges on citrus spp. dna hybridization and pcr-based assays that used different sets of primers were designed to detect the core sequence, as well as to obtai ... | 2004 | 15023955 |
| a plant natriuretic peptide-like gene in the bacterial pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis may induce hyper-hydration in the plant host: a hypothesis of molecular mimicry. | background: plant natriuretic peptides (pnps) are systemically mobile molecules that regulate homeostasis at nanomolar concentrations. pnps are up-regulated under conditions of osmotic stress and pnp-dependent processes include changes in ion transport and increases of h2o uptake into protoplasts and whole tissue. presentation of the hypothesis: the bacterial citrus pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri str. 306 contains a gene encoding a pnp-like protein. we hypothesise that this bacterial ... | 2004 | 15038836 |
| pilr enhances the sensitivity of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri to the infection of filamentous bacteriophage cf. | the pila gene, which encodes the major structure of pili, is required for infection of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri ( x. a. pv. citri) by the filamentous bacteriophage cf. two open reading frames (orfs) located downstream of pila were cloned and characterized. one 1392-bp orf encodes a protein of 464 amino acids which shares substantial similarity with pilr of other bacterial species; the second orf ( orf618), of 1854-bp, shares sequence similarity with pils. the existence of the pilr-like a ... | 2004 | 15057449 |
| [cloning the gene fragment coding the putative integrase-like protein from x maltophilia]. | to amplify the nucleotide sequence of cg-like receptor from x anthomonas maltophilia(x maltophilia). | 2004 | 15071903 |
| molecular genetic analyses of potential beta-galactosidase genes in xanthomonas campestris. | xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, which displays no significant beta-1,4-d-galactopyranosidase activity, has three annotated beta-galactosidase genes in the sequenced genome, designated gala, galb and galc herein. gala and galb are similar to glycosyl hydrolase (gh) family 2 enzymes, including escherichia coli lacz. gala and galb cannot express detectable activity even after being cloned in-frame and driven by the vector's promoter. galc is a gh35 enzyme homologous to the xanthomonas axonop ... | 2003 | 15153767 |
| identification and functional analysis of dtdp-glucose-4,6-dehydratase gene and its linked gene cluster in an aminoglycoside antibiotics producer of streptomyces tenebrarius h6. | streptomyces tenebrarius h6 produces a variety of aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as apramycin, tobramycin, and kanamycin b. primers were designed according to the highly conserved sequences of the dtdp-glucose-4,6-dehydratase genes, and a 0.6-kb pcr product was obtained from s. tenebrarius h6 genomic dna. with the 0.6-kb pcr product as a probe, a bamhi 7.0-kb fragment was isolated. dna sequence analysis of the 7.0-kb fragment revealed four orfs and an incomplete orf. in search of databases, th ... | 2004 | 15297914 |
| new protein-protein interactions identified for the regulatory and structural components and substrates of the type iii secretion system of the phytopathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pathovar citri. | we have initiated a project to identify protein-protein interactions involved in the pathogenicity of the bacterial plant pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. using a yeast two-hybrid system based on gal4 dna-binding and activation domains, we have focused on identifying interactions involving subunits, regulators, and substrates of the type iii secretion system coded by the hrp (for hypersensitive response and pathogenicity), hrc (for hrp conserved), and hpa (for hrp associated) genes. we ... | 2004 | 15342589 |
| mutational analysis of xanthomonas harpin hpag identifies a key functional region that elicits the hypersensitive response in nonhost plants. | hpag is a type iii-secreted elicitor protein of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines. we have determined the critical amino acid residues important for hypersensitive response (hr) elicitation by random and site-directed mutagenesis of hpag and its homolog xopa. a plasmid clone carrying hpag was mutagenized by site-directed mutagenesis, hydroxylamine mutagenesis, and error-prone pcr. a total of 52 mutants were obtained, including 51 single missense mutants and 1 double missense mutant. the hr eli ... | 2004 | 15342594 |
| the pepper transcription factor capf1 confers pathogen and freezing tolerance in arabidopsis. | an erf/ap2-type transcription factor (capf1) was isolated by differential-display reverse transcription-pcr, following inoculation of the soybean pustule pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv glycines 8ra, which induces hypersensitive response in pepper (capsicum annuum) leaves. capf1 mrna was induced under conditions of biotic and abiotic stress. higher levels of capf1 transcripts were observed in disease-resistant tissue compared with susceptible tissue. capf1 expression was additionally induced ... | 2004 | 15347795 |
| variation suggestive of horizontal gene transfer at a lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynthetic locus in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the bacterial leaf blight pathogen of rice. | in animal pathogenic bacteria, horizontal gene transfer events (hgt) have been frequently observed in genomic regions that encode functions involved in biosynthesis of the outer membrane located lipopolysaccharide (lps). as a result, different strains of the same pathogen can have substantially different lps biosynthetic gene clusters. since lps is highly antigenic, the variation at lps loci is attributed to be of advantage in evading the host immune system. although lps has been suggested as a ... | 2004 | 15473911 |
| purification and characterization of a lectin from crotalaria paulina seeds. | a lectin was purified from crotalaria paulina seeds by ion-exchange and fplc molecular exclusion chromatography. crpl had an apparent molecular mass of 30 kda, as determined by sds-page under non-reducing and reducing conditions. crpl effectively agglutinated human and cow erythrocytes, and this activity was not affected by 20 mm edta, showing no dependence of divalent cations. hemagglutination was inhibited by n-acetyl-d-galactosamine, d-galactose and was also inhibited by glycoproteins, fetuin ... | 2004 | 15635935 |
| in silico analysis of nonribosomal peptide synthetases of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri: identification of putative siderophore and lipopeptide biosynthetic genes. | the genomes of the plant pathogens xanthomonas axonopodis (xac) and xanthomonas campestris (xcc) were analysed with the aim of deducing their ability to produce nonribosomal peptides. nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) genes were identified in two separate loci of xac. while the genes of locus 1 are common to both strains, locus 2 was only found in xac. dissection and phylogenetic analysis of the condensation and thioesterase domains of the nrpss of loci 1 and 2 of xac revealed homology, res ... | 2004 | 15646388 |
| expression profiling of virulence and pathogenicity genes of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. | dna macroarrays of 279 genes of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri potentially associated with pathogenicity and virulence were used to compare the transcriptional alterations of this bacterium in response to two synthetic media. data analysis indicated that 31 genes were up-regulated by synthetic medium xvm2, while only 7 genes were repressed. the results suggest that xvm2 could be used as an in vitro system to identify candidate genes involved in pathogenesis of x. axonopodis pv. citri. | 2005 | 15659697 |
| regulation of resistance to copper in xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria. | copper-resistant strains of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria were previously shown to carry plasmid-borne copper resistance genes related to the cop and pco operons of pseudomonas syringae and escherichia coli, respectively. however, instead of the two-component (coprs and pcors) systems determining copper-inducible expression of the operons in p. syringae and e. coli, a novel open reading frame, copl, was found to be required for copper-inducible expression of the downstream multicopper o ... | 2005 | 15691931 |
| antimicrobial and insecticidal protein isolated from seeds of clitoria ternatea, a tropical forage legume. | the tropical forage legume clitoria ternatea (l.) has important agronomic traits such as adaptation to a wide range of soil conditions and resistance to drought. it is resistant to a number of pathogens and pests. these important traits gave us reasons to look more closely at the plant. a highly basic small protein was purified from seeds of c. ternatea to homogeneity by using ultrafiltration with centricon-3 membrane tubes and preparative granulated-bed isoelectric focusing (ief). a single prot ... | 2004 | 15694280 |
| identification of new protein-protein interactions involving the products of the chromosome- and plasmid-encoded type iv secretion loci of the phytopathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. | the recently sequenced genome of the bacterial plant pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri contains two virb gene clusters, one on the chromosome and one on a 64-kb plasmid, each of which codes for a previously uncharacterized type iv secretion system (t4ss). here we used a yeast two-hybrid assay to identify protein-protein interactions in these two systems. our results revealed interactions between known t4ss components as well as previously uncharacterized interactions involving hypothetic ... | 2005 | 15774874 |
| comparative analyses of xanthomonas and xylella complete genomes. | computational analyses of four bacterial genomes of the xanthomonadaceae family reveal new unique genes that may be involved in adaptation, pathogenicity, and host specificity. the xanthomonas genus presents 3636 unique genes distributed in 1470 families, while xylella genus presents 1026 unique genes distributed in 375 families. among xanthomonas-specific genes, we highlight a large number of cell wall degrading enzymes, proteases, and iron receptors, a set of energy metabolism genes, second co ... | 2005 | 15805778 |
| xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans is aggregated in stable biofilm population sizes in the phyllosphere of field-grown beans. | the occurrence of "xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans" (proposed name) populations as biofilms on bean leaves was investigated during three field experiments on plots established with naturally contaminated bean seeds. behavior of aggregated versus solitary populations was determined by quantification of culturable cells in different fractions of the epiphytic population separated by particle size. x. axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans population dynamic studies confirmed an asym ... | 2005 | 15812033 |
| genetic analysis of citrus leafminer susceptibility. | damage caused by the citrus leafminer (clm), phyllocnistis citrella, is highly dependent on the citrus flushing pattern. chemical control is only required in young trees, both in nurseries and in newly established orchards. however, this situation is completely different in countries where the causal agent of citrus canker, the bacterium xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri exists. clm infestation results in a higher incidence of citrus canker infection. among preventive control strategies that prov ... | 2005 | 15834698 |
| reduced genetic variation occurs among genes of the highly clonal plant pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, including the effector gene avrbs2. | the bacterial plant pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, also known as xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria group a, is the causal agent of bacterial spot in pepper and tomato. in order to test different models that may explain the coevolution of avrbs2 with its host plants, we sequenced avrbs2 and six chromosomal loci (total of 5.5 kb per strain) from a global sample of 55 x. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria strains collected from diseased peppers. we found an extreme lack of genetic va ... | 2005 | 15870329 |
| differentiation of xanthomonads causing the bacterial leaf spot of poinsettia in china from the pathotype strain of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. poinsettiicola. | in october 2003, a new bacterial disease with symptoms similar to those caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. poinsettiicola was observed on poinsettia leaves at a flower nursery in zhejiang province of china. three xanthomonas strains were isolated from infected plants and classified as x. axonopodis. they were differentiated from the pathotype strain lmg849 of x. axonopodis pv. poinsettiicola causing bacterial leaf spot of poinsettia by comparison of pathogenicity, substrate utilization and box ... | 2005 | 15909325 |
| gene expression analysis of six gc-rich gram-negative phytopathogens. | predicted highly expressed (phx) genes are comparatively analyzed for six gc-rich gram-negative phytopathogens, i.e., ralstonia solanacearum, agrobacterium tumefaciens, xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc), xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (xac), pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, and xylella fastidiosa. enzymes involved in energy metabolism, such as atp synthase, and genes involved in tca cycle, are phx in most bacteria except x. fastidiosa, which prefers an anaerobic environment. most pat ... | 2005 | 15910748 |
| phenylacetaldehyde o-methyloxime: a volatile compound produced by grapefruit leaves infected with the citrus canker pathogen, xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. | an aldehyde oxime o-methyl ether, phenylacetaldehyde o-methyloxime, was detected using solid-phase microextraction (spme) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) in the headspace above grapefruit leaves infected with xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, the causal agent of citrus bacterial canker disease (cbcd). this disease is a major phytosanitary concern, and an eradication campaign against it is currently underway in florida. phenylacetaldehyde o-methyloxime has been reported to be pro ... | 2005 | 15969487 |
| non-gamma-proteobacteria gene islands contribute to the xanthomonas genome. | horizontal gene transfer, a process through which genomes acquire sequences from distantly related organisms, is believed to be a major source of genetic diversity in bacteria. a central question concerning the impact of gene transfer on bacterial genome evolution is the proportion of horizontally transferred sequences within genomes. through blast search, we found that the genomes of two phytopathogens, xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, have close to 40 ... | 2005 | 15969648 |
| identification of a carav1 possessing an ap2/erf and b3 dna-binding domain from pepper leaves infected with xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines 8ra by differential display. | we isolated a cdna clone, carav1, which exhibited significant similarity to those of arabidopsis rav proteins containing ap2/erf and b3-like dna-binding domains. carav1 expression was rapidly and specifically induced in both host and non-host resistant responses against bacterial pathogens in the chili pepper plant. carav1 also strongly increased following salicylic acid and ethephon treatments, whereas methyl-jasmonate only had mild effects. furthermore, carav1 transcript levels were also inves ... | 2005 | 15978683 |
| molecular characterisation of xanthomonas strains isolated from aroids in mauritius. | mauritius is one of the largest world producers of anthurium cut flowers but outbreaks of bacterial blight have never been reported on the island. this work was about the characterisation and identification of bacterial strains isolated from anthurium andreanum, dieffenbachia maculata and aglaonema simplex in mauritius. fifteen strains, that showed the morphological properties of xanthomonas on conventional media, were tested on two semi-selective media (esculin-trehalose and cellobiose-starch). ... | 2005 | 15997710 |
| identification and characterization of a second lexa gene of xanthomonas axonopodis pathovar citri. | we previously identified and characterized a lexa gene from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. for this study, we cloned and expressed a lexa homologue from x. axonopodis pv. citri. this gene was designated lexa2, and the previously identified lexa gene was renamed lexa1. the coding region of lexa2 is 606 bp long and shares 59% nucleotide sequence identity with lexa1. analyses of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that lexa2 has structures that are characteristic of lexa proteins, including ... | 2005 | 16000766 |
| biological and structural characterization of a new pla2 from the crotalus durissus collilineatus venom. | in the present article we report on the biological characterization and amino acid sequence of a new basic phospholipases a2 (pla2) isolated from the crotalus durissus collilineatus venom (cdcolli f6), which showed the presence of 122 amino acid residues with a pi value of 8.3, molecular mass of 14 kda and revealed an amino acid sequence identity of 80% with crotalic pla2s such as mojave b, cdt f15, and croatox. this homology, however, dropped to 50% if compared to other sources of pla2s such as ... | 2005 | 16003952 |
| amplification of dna of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri from historic citrus canker herbarium specimens. | herbaria are important resources for the study of the origins and dispersal of plant pathogens, particularly bacterial plant pathogens that incite local lesions in which large numbers of pathogen genomes are concentrated. xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (xac), the causal agent of citrus bacterial canker disease, is a notable example of such a pathogen. the appearance of novel strains of the pathogen in florida and elsewhere make it increasingly important to understand the relationships among st ... | 2006 | 16099061 |
| virulence deficiency caused by a transposon insertion in the purh gene of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial leaf blight, a serious disease of rice. we have identified a tn5-induced virulence-deficient mutant (bxo1704) of x. oryzae pv. oryzae. the bxo1704 mutant exhibited growth deficiency in minimal medium but was proficient in inducing a hypersensitive response in a non-host tomato plant. sequence analysis of the chromosomal dna flanking the tn5 insertion indicated that the tn5 insertion is in the purh gene, which is highly homologous to purh genes of ot ... | 2005 | 16175206 |
| insights into genome plasticity and pathogenicity of the plant pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria revealed by the complete genome sequence. | the gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is the causative agent of bacterial spot disease in pepper and tomato plants, which leads to economically important yield losses. this pathosystem has become a well-established model for studying bacterial infection strategies. here, we present the whole-genome sequence of the pepper-pathogenic xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria strain 85-10, which comprises a 5.17-mb circular chromosome and four plasmids. th ... | 2005 | 16237009 |
| [cloning and characterization of an harpin-encoding gene from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines required for hypersensitive response on nonhost plant tobacco]. | an hpa1 gene was cloned into an expression vector, pet30a(+), from the genomic dna of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (xag), the causal agent of soybean bacterial pustule, with degenerated primers by polymerase amplification reaction (pcr). the gene product was extracted from the conjugate (bhr-3) of bl21 (des) with the recombined vector phr3 after the engineering strain was induced by iptg in lb medium. the sds-page gel showed that the gene product was 15.1kd. the product was heat-stable (1 ... | 2005 | 16245857 |
| rapid, specific and quantitative assays for the detection of the endophytic bacterium methylobacterium mesophilicum in plants. | xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterium that causes citrus variegated chlorosis disease in sweet orange. there is evidence that x. fastidiosa interacts with endophytic bacteria present in the xylem of sweet orange, and that these interactions, particularly with methylobacterium mesophilicum, may affect disease progress. however, these interactions cannot be evaluated in detail until efficient methods for detection and enumeration of these bacteria in planta are developed. we have previou ... | 2006 | 16266765 |
| geographical differentiation of the population of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis in colombia. | [this corrects the article on p. 4430 in vol. 63.]. | 1998 | 16349520 |
| sensitive and specific detection of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri by pcr using pathovar specific primers based on hrpw gene sequences. | a sensitive and specific assay was developed to detect citrus bacterial canker caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, in leaves and fruits of citrus. primers xacf and xacr from hrpw homologous to pectate lyase, modifying the structure of pectin in plants, were used to amplify a 561 bp dna fragment. pcr technique was applied to detect the pathogen in naturally or artificially infected leaves of citrus. the pcr product was only produced from x. axonopodis pv. citri among 26 isolates of xantho ... | 2006 | 16427518 |
| primers based on the rpf gene region provide improved detection of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in naturally and artificially infected citrus plants. | to have a pcr-based detection method for xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (xac) using primers designed in a specific region of its genome. | 2006 | 16430504 |
| linkage and mapping of resistance genes to xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae in yellow passion fruit. | the cultivated passion fruit (passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) is a cross-pollinated species native to south america. in the current study, a segregating f1 population derived from a single cross between the clones iapar-06 and iapar-123 was used to construct aflp-based linkage maps and to map resistance genes to bacterial spot caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae. linkage analysis was performed by the 2-way pseudo-testcross mapping method using markers that segregated in a 1:1 ratio ... | 2006 | 16462898 |
| insight into types i and ii nonhost resistance using expression patterns of defense-related genes in tobacco. | plants protect themselves against pathogens using a range of response mechanisms. there are two categories of nonhost resistance: type i, which does not result in visible cell death; and type ii, which entails localized programmed cell death (or hypersensitive response) in response to nonhost pathogens. the genes responsible for these two systems have not yet been intensively investigated at the molecular level. using tobacco plants (nicotiana tabacum), we compared expression of 12 defense-relat ... | 2006 | 16482435 |
| expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of yaeq (xac2396) from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. | xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri yaeq (xac2396) is a member of a family of bacterial proteins conserved in several gram-negative pathogens. here, the cloning, expression, purification and crystallization of the 182-residue (20.6 kda) yaeq protein are described. recombinant yaeq containing selenomethionine was crystallized in space group p2(1) and crystals diffracted to 1.9 a resolution at a synchrotron source. the unit-cell parameters are a = 39.75, b = 91.88, c = 48.03 a, beta = 108.37 degrees. ... | 2005 | 16511077 |
| expression, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of sufe (xac2355) from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. | xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (xac) sufe (xac2355) is a member of a family of bacterial proteins that are conserved in several pathogens and phytopathogens. the escherichia coli suf operon is involved in iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis under iron-limitation and stress conditions. it has recently been demonstrated that sufe and sufs form a novel two-component cysteine desulfarase in which sufs catalyses the conversion of l-cysteine to l-alanine, forming a protein-bound persulfide intermediate ... | 2006 | 16511319 |
| crystallization, data collection and phasing of the molybdate-binding protein of the phytopathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. | xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri moda protein is the abc periplasmic binding component responsible for the capture of molybdate. the protein was crystallized with sodium molybdate using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method in the presence of peg or sulfate. x-ray diffraction data were collected to a maximum resolution of 1.7 a using synchrotron radiation. the crystal belongs to the orthorhombic space group c222(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 68.15, b = 172.14, c = 112.04 a. the crystal st ... | 2006 | 16511325 |
| geographical differentiation of the population of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis in colombia. | analyses of dna polymorphism and virulence variation were used to evaluate the population structure of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, the pathogen causing cassava bacterial blight in colombia. we collected strains from the major cassava-growing regions which can be grouped into different edaphoclimatic zones (eczs) according to environmental conditions, production constraints, and economic parameters. dna polymorphism was assessed by a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, us ... | 1997 | 16535731 |
| identification of genomic islands in six plant pathogens. | genomic islands (gis) play important roles in microbial evolution, which are acquired by horizontal gene transfer. in this paper, the gis of six completely sequenced plant pathogens are identified using a windowless method based on z curve representation of dna sequences. consequently, four, eight, four, one, two and four gis are recognized with the length greater than 20-kb in plant pathogens agrobacterium tumefaciens str. c58, rolstonia solanacearum gmi1000, xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri st ... | 2006 | 16581205 |
| specific detection of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae in anthurium (anthurium andreanum) tissues by nested pcr. | efficient control of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae, the causal agent of anthurium bacterial blight, requires a sensitive and reliable diagnostic tool. a nested pcr test was developed from a sequence-characterized amplified region marker identified by randomly amplified polymorphic dna pcr for the detection of x. axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae. serological and pathogenicity tests were performed concurrently with the nested pcr test with a large collection of x. axonopodis pv. dieffenba ... | 2006 | 16461651 |
| isolation of a new l-amino acid oxidase from crotalus durissus cascavella venom. | a novel l-amino acid oxidase (lao) (casca lao) from crotalus durissus cascavella venom was purified to a high degree of molecular homogeneity using a combination of molecular exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography system. the purified monomer of lao presented a molecular mass of 68 kda and pi estimated in 5.43, which were determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis. the 71st n-terminal amino acid sequence of the lao from crotalus durissus cascavella presented a high amino acid sequence simi ... | 2006 | 16307769 |
| renal and antibacterial effects induced by myotoxin i and ii isolated from bothrops jararacussu venom. | bothrops jararacussu myotoxin i (bthtx-i; lys 49) and ii (bthtx-ii; asp 49) were purified by ion-exchange chromatography and reverse phase hplc. in this work we used the isolated perfused rat kidney method to evaluate the renal effects of b. jararacussu myotoxins i (lys49 pla2) and ii (asp49 pla2) and their possible blockage by indomethacin. bthtx-i (5 microg/ml) and bthtx-ii (5 microg/ml) increased perfusion pressure (pp; ct120=110.28+/-3.70 mmhg; bthtx i=171.28+/-6.30*mmhg; bthtx ii=175.50+/-7 ... | 2005 | 16115661 |
| site-directed gene replacement of the phytopathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. | in this work we defined experimental conditions for site-directed gene replacement of the xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (xac), an economically relevant pathogen of citrus plants. the procedure involved, first, optimizing the electrotransformation conditions of the xac 306 strain and, second, constructing non-replicative suicide vectors carrying knockout copies of the target gene. using specific experimental conditions, transformation efficiencies of xac were at least 100 fold higher than thos ... | 2006 | 16087261 |
| [study on a bacterial strain bt8 for biocontrol against citrus bacterial canker]. | citrus bacterial canker is an important disease of citrus species in china. the disease severely occurs especially in the coastal area. integrated control system has been used for the control of the disease, in which chemotherapy plays an important role at present. the chemotherapy-dominant control system brought many problems to the environment, such as chemical residua in the products and induction of resistance to fungicide(s) by the pathogen. to solve these problems, an intensive study on bi ... | 2006 | 16736594 |
| gene expression profile in response to xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis infection in cassava using a cdna microarray. | a cassava cdna microarray based on a large cassava est database was constructed and used to study the incompatible interaction between cassava and xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam) strain cio151. for microarray construction, 5700 clones from the cassava unigene set were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and printed on glass slides. microarray hybridization was performed using cdna from cassava plants (resistant variety mbra685) collected at 12, 24, 48 h and 7 and 15 days post ... | 2005 | 15830129 |
| recent progress in the characterization of molecular determinants in the xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis-cassava interaction. | cassava bacterial blight, caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam), is a widespread disease that affects cassava (manihot esculenta crantz). studies on the pathogen population structure, pathogen diagnosis, identification and expression of plant genes involved in resistance have been carried out. different molecular techniques were developed to assess the genetic diversity among the xampopulations. characterization of xam population dynamics over time had enable us to determine the d ... | 2004 | 15630621 |
| a unigene catalogue of 5700 expressed genes in cassava. | two economically important characters, starch content and cassava bacterial blight resistance, were targeted to generate a large collection of cassava ests. two libraries were constructed from cassava root tissues of varieties with high and low starch contents. other libraries were constructed from plant tissues challenged by the pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv.manihotis. we report here the single pass sequencing of 11,954 cdna clones from the 5' ends, including 111 from the 3' ends. cluster ... | 2004 | 15630618 |
| reclassification of the xanthomonads associated with bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper. | four phenotypic xanthomonad groups have been identified that are pathogenic to pepper, tomato, or both hosts. these include groups a and c which are found in xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, group b found in x. vesicatoria, and group d found in 'x. gardneri'. we present dna:dna hybridization data in which x. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria group a and c strains have less than 70% dna relatedness with each other, with the type strain of x. axonopodis, and with the currently classified species w ... | 2004 | 15612634 |
| expression, purification, and characterization of an aminopeptidase (xac2987) with broad specificity from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. | we report here, the cloning, expression, and purification of a broad specificity aminopeptidase from xanthomonas campestris pv. citri in fusion with a hexa-histidine tag at the n-terminal portion of the protein to facilitate purification. the protein was expressed in the soluble fraction and could be purified in one step by imac, yielding approximately 50mg pure protein per liter of cells. we show that the protein is folded and presents aminopeptidase activity against synthetic substrates. also, ... | 2007 | 17110128 |
| insight in to the phylogeny of polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis: horizontal gene transfer. | polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) are gaining more and more importance the world over due to their structural diversity and close analogy to plastics. their biodegradability makes them extremely desirable substitutes for synthetic plastics. phas are produced in organisms under certain stress conditions. here, we investigated 253 sequenced (completely and unfinished) genomes for the diversity and phylogenetics of the pha biosynthesis. discrepancies in the phylogenetic trees for phaa, phab and phac gen ... | 2007 | 17113245 |
| antibiotic multiresistance plasmid prsb101 isolated from a wastewater treatment plant is related to plasmids residing in phytopathogenic bacteria and carries eight different resistance determinants including a multidrug transport system. | ten different antibiotic resistance plasmids conferring high-level erythromycin resistance were isolated from an activated sludge bacterial community of a wastewater treatment plant by applying a transformation-based approach. one of these plasmids, designated prsb101, mediates resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, roxythromycin, sulfonamides, cephalosporins, spectinomycin, streptomycin, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid and low concentrations of norfloxacin. plasmid prsb101 was completely sequen ... | 2004 | 15528650 |
| characterization of isxax1, a novel insertion sequence restricted to xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (variants fuscans and non-fuscans) and xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria. | isxax1 is a novel insertion sequence belonging to the is256 and mutator families. dot blot, southern blot, and pcr analyses revealed that isxax1 is restricted to xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (variants fuscans and non-fuscans) and x. axonopodis pv. vesicatoria strains. directed aflp also showed that a high degree of polymorphism is associated with isxax1 insertion in these strains. | 2007 | 17209062 |
| comparative genomics analyses of citrus-associated bacteria. | xylella fastidiosa 9a5c (xf-9a5c) and xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (xac) are bacteria that infect citrus plants. sequencing of the genomes of these strains is complete and comparative analyses are now under way with the genomes of other bacteria of the same genera. in this review, we present an overview of this comparative genomic work. we also present a detailed genomic comparison between xf-9a5a and xac. based on this analysis, genes and operons were identified that might be relevant for a ... | 2004 | 15283664 |
| solution structure of apag from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri reveals a fibronectin-3 fold. | apag proteins are found in a wide variety of bacterial genomes but their function is as yet unknown. some eukaryotic proteins involved in protein-protein interactions, such as the human polymerase delta-interacting protein (pdip38) and the f box a (fba) proteins, contain apag homology domains. we have used nmr to determine the solution structure of apag protein from the plant pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (apag(xac)) with the aim to shed some light on its molecular function. apag(xac ... | 2007 | 17256769 |
| a ptha homolog from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri responsible for host-specific suppression of virulence. | strains of the plant-pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri are differentiated into two groups with respect to aggressiveness (normal and weak) on citrus grandis cultivars but not on other citrus species such as citrus sinensis. random mutagenesis using the transposon tn5 in x. axonopodis pv. citri strain kc21, which showed weak aggressiveness on a c. grandis cultivar, was used to isolate mutant kc21t46, which regained a normal level of aggressiveness on the cultivar. the gene ina ... | 2007 | 17293422 |
| 1h, 15n and 13c resonance assignments of the apag protein of the phytopathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. | | 2004 | 15213450 |
| xanthan is not essential for pathogenicity in citrus canker but contributes to xanthomonas epiphytic survival. | xanthan-deficient mutants of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, the bacterium responsible for citrus canker, were generated by deletion and marker exchange of the region encoding the carboxy-terminal end of the first glycosyltransferase, gumd. mutants of gumd did not produce xanthan and remained pathogenic in citrus plants to the same extent as wild-type bacteria. the kinetics of appearance of initial symptoms, areas of plant material affected, and growth of bacteria inside plant tissue throughou ... | 2007 | 17356870 |
| identification of the flagellar chaperone flgn in the phytopathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pathovar citri by its interaction with hook-associated flgk. | genome annotation of the plant pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (xac), identified flagellar genes in a 15.7 kb gene cluster. however, flgn, a secretion chaperone for hook-associated proteins flgk and flgl, was not identified. we performed extensive screening of the x. axonopodis pv. citri genome with the yeast two-hybrid system to identify a protein with the characteristics of the flagellar chaperone flgn. we found a candidate (xac1990) encoded by an operon for components of the flagell ... | 2007 | 17492271 |
| the oligopeptide permease (opp) of the plant pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. | the oligopeptide permease (opp), a protein-dependent abc transporter, has been found in the genome of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri ( xac), but not in xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris ( xcc). sequence analysis indicated that 4 opp genes ( oppa, oppb, oppc, oppd/f), located in a 33.8-kbp dna fragment present only in the xac genome, are arranged in an operon-like structure and share highest sequence similarities with streptomyces roseofulvus orthologs. nonetheless, analyses of the gc conte ... | 2004 | 15060731 |
| est and microarray analyses of pathogen-responsive genes in hot pepper (capsicum annuum l.) non-host resistance against soybean pustule pathogen (xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines). | large-scale single-pass sequencing of cdna libraries and microarray analysis have proven to be useful tools for discovering new genes and studying gene expression. as a first step in elucidating the defense mechanisms in hot pepper plants, a total of 8,525 expressed sequence tags (ests) were generated and analyzed in silico. the cdna microarray analysis identified 613 hot pepper genes that were transcriptionally responsive to the non-host soybean pustule pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glyci ... | 2004 | 14760538 |
| structure of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri yaeq reveals a new compact protein fold built around a variation of the pd-(d/e)xk nuclease motif. | the yaeq family of proteins are found in many gram-negative and a few gram-positive bacteria. we have determined the first structure of a member of the yaeq family by x-ray crystallography. comparisons with other structures indicate that yaeq represents a new compact protein fold built around a variation of the pd-(d/e)xk nuclease motif found in type ii endonucleases and enzymes involved in dna replication, repair, and recombination. we show that catalytically important residues in the pd-(d/e)x ... | 2007 | 17623842 |
| biofilm formation, epiphytic fitness, and canker development in xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. | the phytopathogenic bacterium xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri is responsible for the canker disease affecting citrus plants throughout the world. here, we have evaluated the role of bacterial attachment and biofilm formation in leaf colonization during canker development on lemon leaves. crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of x. axonopodis pv. citri strains expressing the green fluorescent protein were used to evaluate attachment and biofilm formation on abio ... | 2007 | 17918624 |
| a library of linear undecapeptides with bactericidal activity against phytopathogenic bacteria. | a 125-member library of synthetic linear undecapeptides was prepared based on a previously described peptide h-k(1)klfkkilkf(10)l-nh(2) (bp76) that inhibited in vitro growth of the plant pathogenic bacteria erwinia amylovora, xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria, and pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae at low micromolar concentrations. peptides were designed using a combinatorial chemistry approach by incorporating amino acids possessing various degrees of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity at po ... | 2007 | 17980935 |
| genetic diversity of citrus bacterial canker pathogens preserved in herbarium specimens. | citrus bacterial canker (cbc) caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (xac) was first documented in india and java in the mid 19th century. since that time, the known distribution of the disease has steadily increased. concurrent with the dispersion of the pathogen, the diversity of described strains continues to increase, with novel strains appearing in saudi arabia, iran, and florida in the last decade. herbarium specimens of infected plants provide an historical record documenting both the ... | 2007 | 17998540 |
| diagnosis of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, causal agent of citrus canker, in commercial fruits by isolation and pcr-based methods. | to show the results of the detection of an eu quarantine organism, xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (xac), in citrus fruits imported from countries where this bacterium is present, using an integrated approach that includes isolation, pathogenicity assays and molecular techniques. | 2007 | 18045415 |
| characterization of a stress-responsive ankyrin repeat-containing zinc finger protein of capsicum annuum (cakr1). | we isolated many genes induced from pepper cdna microarray data following their infection with the soybean pustule pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines 8ra. a full-length cdna clone of the capsicum annuum ankyrin-repeat domain c(3)h(1) zinc finger protein (cakr1) was identified in a chili pepper using the expressed sequence tag (est) database. the deduced amino acid sequence of cakr1 showed a significant sequence similarity (46%) to the ankyrin-repeat protein in very diverse family of pr ... | 2007 | 18047791 |
| two bacterial entophytes eliciting both plant growth promotion and plant defense on pepper (capsicum annuum l.). | plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) have the potential to be used as microbial inoculants to reduce disease incidence and severity and to increase crop yield. some of the pgpr have been reported to be able to enter plant tissues and establish endophytic populations. here, we demonstrated an approach to screen bacterial endophytes that have the capacity to promote the growth of pepper seedlings and protect pepper plants against a bacterial pathogen. initially, out of 150 bacterial isolate ... | 2007 | 18051359 |
| molecular and functional characterization of a unique sucrose hydrolase from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines. | a novel sucrose hydrolase (suh) from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines, a causative agent of bacterial pustule disease on soybeans, was studied at the functional and molecular levels. suh was shown to act rather specifically on sucrose (k(m) = 2.5 mm) but not on sucrose-6-phosphate. protein analysis of purified suh revealed that, in this monomeric enzyme with an estimated molecular mass of 70,223 +/- 12 da, amino acid sequences determined for several segments have corresponding nucleotide sequ ... | 2004 | 14702310 |
| a simple method for in vivo expression studies of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. | a major problem in studying bacterial plant pathogens is obtaining the microorganism directly from the plant tissue to perform in vivo expression (protein or mrna) analyses. here we report an easy and fast protocol to isolate xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri directly from the host plant, in sufficient amounts to perform protein fingerprinting by 2-d gel electrophoresis as well as rna expression assays. the protein profile obtained was very similar to that of x. axonopodis pv. citri grown in the ... | 2003 | 14669917 |
| structural and biological characterization of a crotapotin isoform isolated from crotalus durissus cascavella venom. | envenoming by crotalus durissus subspecies leads to coagulation disorders, myotoxicity, neurotoxicity and acute renal failure. the most serious systemic alteration and primary cause of death after snakebite is acute renal failure. in this work, we isolated crotapotin, an acid component (crtp) of crotoxin from crotalus durissus cascavella venom and we investigated its bactericidal and pro-inflammatory activities as well as its renal effects in rat isolated perfused kidneys. crtp was bactericidal ... | 2003 | 12893061 |
| the solution structure of the outer membrane lipoprotein omla from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri reveals a protein fold implicated in protein-protein interaction. | the outer membrane lipoprotein a (omla) belongs to a family of bacterial small lipoproteins widely distributed across the beta and gamma proteobacteria. although the role of numerous bacterial lipoproteins is known, the biological function of omla remains elusive. we found that in the citrus canker pathogen, xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (x. citri), omla is coregulated with the ferric uptake regulator (fur) and their expression is enhanced when x. citri is grown on citrus leaves, suggesting t ... | 2008 | 18186471 |
| proteins induced by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae with leaf extract of the host plant (passiflorae edulis). | two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to identify differentially displayed proteins during treatment of xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae in media containing leaf extract of the compatible (passion fruit) and incompatible (tomato) hosts. the results showed that at different times of treatment (5, 25 and 45 h) the global expression of proteins was almost identical in cells grown in minimal medium (mm) and in medium containing leaf extract of the incompatible host (mmt). the protein pa ... | 2003 | 12548639 |
| the copper resistance operon copab from xanthomonas axonopodis pathovar citri: gene inactivation results in copper sensitivity. | xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (xac) causes citrus canker and the completion of the xac genome sequence has opened up the possibility of investigating basic cellular mechanisms at the genomic level. copper compounds have been extensively used in agriculture to control plant diseases. the copa and copb genes, identified by annotation of the xac genome, encode homologues of proteins involved in copper resistance. a gene expression assay by northern blotting revealed that copa and copb are expres ... | 2008 | 18227244 |