| chemopreventive potential of beta-sitosterol in experimental colon cancer model--an in vitro and in vivo study. | asclepias curassavica linn. is a traditional medicinal plant used by tribal people in the western ghats, india, to treat piles, gonorrhoea, roundworm infestation and abdominal tumours. we have determined the protective effect of beta-sitosterol isolated from a. curassavica in colon cancer, using in vitro and in vivo models. | 2010 | 20525330 |
| purification and biochemical characterization of asclepain c i from the latex of asclepias curassavica l. | in this work we report the isolation, purification and characterization of a new protease from latex of asclepias curassavica l. crude extract (ce) was obtained by gathering latex on 0.1 m citric-phosphate buffer with edta and cysteine with subsequent ultracentrifugation. proteolytic assays were made on casein or azocasein as substrates. caseinolytic activity was completely inhibited by e-64. stability at different temperatures, optimum ph and ionic strength were evaluated by measuring the resid ... | 2004 | 15517987 |
| density-dependent reduction and induction of milkweed cardenolides by a sucking insect herbivore. | the effect of aphid population size on host-plant chemical defense expression and the effect of plant defense on aphid population dynamics were investigated in a milkweed-specialist herbivore system. density effects of the aposematic oleander aphid, aphis nerii, on cardenolide expression were measured in two milkweed species, asclepias curassavica and a. incarnata. these plants vary in constitutive chemical investment with high mean cardenolide concentration in a. curassavica and low to zero in ... | 2004 | 15139307 |
| cytotoxic principles from the formosan milkweed, asclepias curassavica. | a series of cardenolides and related compounds have been isolated from the aerial parts and roots of the ornamental milkweed, asclepias curassavica. their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. among them, three derivatives of calactinic acid methyl ester (13-15), 19-nor-16 alpha-acetoxy-10 beta-hydroxyasclepin (16), 20 beta,21-dihydroxypregna-4,6-dien-3-one (19), and 3,4-seco-urs-20(30)-en-3-oic acid (22) are new compounds. the relative configuration of calactinic aci ... | 2005 | 16252914 |
| steroidal glycosides from the roots of asclepias curassavica. | twenty-six new acylated-oxypregnane glycosides were obtained along with three known cardenolide glycosides from the roots of asclepias curassavica (asclepiadaceae). the new compounds were confirmed to contain 12-o-benzoylsarcostin, 12-o-benzoyldeacylmetaplexigenin, kidjolanin, and 12-o-benzoyltayloron, and one new acylated-oxypregnane, 12-o-(e)-cinnamoyltayloron, as their aglycones, using both spectroscopic and chemical methods. | 2008 | 18310942 |
| six new c21 steroidal glycosides from asclepias curassavica l. | six new c(21) steroidal glycosides, named curassavosides a-f (3-8), were obtained from the aerial parts of asclepias curassavica (asclepiadaceae), along with two known oxypregnanes, 12-o-benzoyldeacylmetaplexigenin (1) and 12-o-benzoylsarcostin (2). by spectroscopic methods, the structures of the six new compounds were determined as 12-o-benzoyldeacylmetaplexigenin 3-o-beta-d-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-d-digitoxopyranoside (3), 12-o-benzoylsarcostin 3-o-beta-d-oleandropyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta- ... | 2008 | 18328519 |
| new cardenolide and acylated lignan glycosides from the aerial parts of asclepias curassavica. | three new cardenolide glycosides and six new acylated lignan glycosides were obtained along with nineteen known compounds from the aerial parts of asclepias curassavica l. (asclepiadaceae). the structure of each compound was determined based on interpretations of nmr and ms measurements and chemical evidence. | 2008 | 18670118 |
| cysteine proteases from the asclepiadaceae plants latex exhibited thrombin and plasmin like activities. | in the present study we evaluated the presence of cysteine protease from the latex of four plants asclepias curassavica l., calotropis gigantea r.br., pergularia extensa r.br. and cynanchum puciflorum r.br. belongs to the family asclepiadaceae. cysteine proteases from these plants latex exhibited both thrombin and plasmin like activities. latex enzyme fraction in a concentration dependent manner induced the formation of clot in citrated blood plasma. direct incubation of fibrinogen with latex en ... | 2009 | 18979066 |
| characterization of papain-like isoenzymes from latex of asclepias curassavica by molecular biology validated by proteomic approach. | latices from asclepias spp are used in wound healing and the treatment of some digestive disorders. these pharmacological actions have been attributed to the presence of cysteine proteases in these milky latices. asclepias curassavica (asclepiadaceae), "scarlet milkweed" is a perennial subshrub native to south america. in the current paper we report a new approach directed at the selective biochemical and molecular characterization of asclepain ci (aci) and asclepain cii (acii), the enzymes resp ... | 2009 | 19679160 |
| the small molecule calactin induces dna damage and apoptosis in human leukemia cells. | we purified calactin from the roots of the chinese herb asclepias curassavica l. and analyzed its biologic effects in human leukemia cells. our results showed that calactin treatment caused dna damage and resulted in apoptosis. increased phosphorylation levels of chk2 and h2ax were observed and were reversed by the dna damage inhibitor caffeine in calactin-treated cells. in addition, calactin treatment showed that a decrease in the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin b1, cdk1, an ... | 2012 | 22828439 |
| when bigger is not better: intraspecific competition for pollination increases with population size in invasive milkweeds. | one of the essential requirements for an introduced plant species to become invasive is an ability to reproduce outside the native range, particularly when initial populations are small. if a reproductive allee effect is operating, plants in small populations will have reduced reproductive success relative to plants in larger populations. alternatively, if plants in small populations experience less competition for pollination than those in large populations, they may actually have higher levels ... | 2013 | 23053225 |
| generalised pollination systems for three invasive milkweeds in australia. | because most plants require pollinator visits for seed production, the ability of an introduced plant species to establish pollinator relationships in a new ecosystem may have a central role in determining its success or failure as an invader. we investigated the pollination ecology of three milkweed species - asclepias curassavica, gomphocarpus fruticosus and g. physocarpus - in their invaded range in southeast queensland, australia. the complex floral morphology of milkweeds has often been int ... | 2013 | 23173573 |
| milkweed (gentianales: apocynaceae): a farmscape resource for increasing parasitism of stink bugs (hemiptera: pentatomidae) and providing nectar to insect pollinators and monarch butterflies. | in peanut-cotton farmscapes in georgia, the stink bugs nezara viridula (l.) and chinavia hilaris (say) (hemiptera: pentatomidae) and the leaffooted bug, leptoglossus phyllopus (l.) (hemiptera: coreidae), disperse at crop-to-crop interfaces to feed on bolls in cotton. the main objective of this study was to determine whether insecticide-free tropical milkweed (asclepias curassavica l.), a nectar-producing plant, can increase parasitism of these bugs by trichopoda pennipes (f.) (diptera: tachinida ... | 2014 | 24763094 |
| structures, chemotaxonomic significance, cytotoxic and na(+),k(+)-atpase inhibitory activities of new cardenolides from asclepias curassavica. | five new cardenolide lactates (1–5) and one new dioxane double linked cardenolide glycoside (17) along with 15 known compounds (6–16 and 18–21) were isolated from the ornamental milkweed asclepias curassavica. their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods (ir, uv, ms, 1d- and 2d-nmr). the molecular structures and absolute configurations of 1–3 and 17 were further confirmed by single-crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. simultaneous isolation of dioxane double linked cardenol ... | 2014 | 25270760 |
| plant-derived differences in the composition of aphid honeydew and their effects on colonies of aphid-tending ants. | in plant-ant-hemipteran interactions, ants visit plants to consume the honeydew produced by phloem-feeding hemipterans. if genetically based differences in plant phloem chemistry change the chemical composition of hemipteran honeydew, then the plant's genetic constitution could have indirect effects on ants via the hemipterans. if such effects change ant behavior, they could feed back to affect the plant itself. we compared the chemical composition of honeydews produced by aphis nerii aphid clon ... | 2014 | 25505534 |
| poor sequestration of toxic host plant cardenolides and their rapid loss in the milkweed butterfly danaus chrysippus (lepidoptera: nymphalidae: danainae: danaini). | butterflies of the genus danaus are known to sequester toxic cardenolides from milkweed host plants (apocynaceae). in particular, danaus plexippus efficiently sequesters and stores these compounds, whereas d. chrysippus, is considered to poorly sequester cardenolides. to estimate its sequestration capability compared with that of d. plexippus, larvae of both species were jointly reared on asclepias curassavica and the major cardenolides of the host plant, calotropin and calactin, were analyzed i ... | 2017 | 28284846 |
| nectar protein content and attractiveness to aedes aegypti and culex pipiens in plants with nectar/insect associations. | we chose five easily propagated garden plants previously shown to be attractive to mosquitoes, ants or other insects and tested them for attractiveness to culex pipiens and aedes aegypti. long term imbibition was tested by survival on each plant species. both mosquito species survived best on impatiens walleriana, the common garden impatiens, followed by asclepias curassavica, campsis radicans and passiflora edulis, which sponsored survival as well as the 10% sucrose control. immediate preferenc ... | 2015 | 25792420 |
| comparative studies of herpetomonads and leishmanias : i. cultivation of herpetomonads from insects and plants. | nine strains of herpetomonads have been isolated in pure culture from eight varieties of insects, and three strains from two species of plants. four of the cultures were derived from latex-feeding insects (oncopeltus fasciatus, oncopeltus sp. ?, lygaeus kalmii) and three from latex plants (asclepias syriaca, asclepias nivea), two from mosquitoes (culex pipiens and anopheles quadrimaculatus), one from the house fly (musca domestica), and two from bluebottle flies. in addition impure cultures have ... | 1926 | 19869186 |
| biochemical analysis of a papain-like protease isolated from the latex of asclepias curassavica l. | most of the species belonging to asclepiadaceae family usually secrete an endogenous milk-like fluid in a network of laticifer cells in which sub-cellular organelles intensively synthesize proteins and secondary metabolites. a new papain-like endopeptidase (asclepain c-ii) has been isolated and characterized from the latex extracted from petioles of asclepias curassavica l. (asclepiadaceae). asclepain c-ii was the minor proteolytic component in the latex, but showed higher specific activity than ... | 2009 | 19204833 |
| calotropin, a cytotoxic principle isolated from asclepias curassavica l. | an alcoholic extract of asclepias curassavica l., a plant widely used in folk medicine for treating cancer and warts, shows cytotoxic activity when tested in vitro against cells derived from human carcinoma of the nasopharynx. systematic fractionation of the extract has led to isolation and characterization of calotropin as a cytotoxic principle. calotropin is similar in structure to two cardiac glycosides recently shown to be responsible for the cytotoxicity of apocynum cannabinum l. | 1964 | 14224519 |
| antifungal action of latex saps from lactuca sativa l. and asclepias curassavica l. | asclepias curassavica and lactuca sativa latex saps inhibit the growth of candida albicans because they degrade a great number of yeasts. this was confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy observations. after a contact of 4 h and 6 h yeasts are deformed and emptied of their cytoplasmic content. moreover, it appears that these saps, particularly asclepias, also act on the cell wall: the substances presumed to be responsible for these effects were probably terpens and cardenolids ... | 1990 | 2090937 |
| glycosidic activities of candida albicans after action of vegetable latex saps (natural antifungals) and isoconazole (synthetic antifungal). | glycosidic activities have been examined in candida albicans grown on medium culture containing latex sap (natural antifungal) or isoconazole (synthetic antifungal). the different types of utilized latex sap were those of lactuca sativa (latex exuded from articulated laticifers) and asclepias curassavica (latex flowing from non-articulated laticifers). the same enzyme assays were performed on c. albicans grown without antifungal compounds. except for alpha-arabinosidase, all glycosidase activiti ... | 1991 | 1922192 |
| pharmacological investigation on asclepin--a new cardenolide from asclepias curassavica. part ii. comparative studies on the inotropic and toxic effects of asclepin, g-strophantin, digoxin and digitoxin). | the cardiac effects of asclepin, a new glycoside from the plant asclepias curassavica, were studies in vitro (isolated atrium and heart of guineapig) and in vivo (anaesthetized cat) and were compared with g-strophanthin, digoxin, digitoxin, or digitoxigenin, resp. asclepin showed a marked positive inotropic effect as evidenced by the increase in the force of contraction, measured by (dp/dt)max and (formula: see text). it was found to be more active than the other glycosides. | 1978 | 380581 |
| conduritol f glucosides and terpenoid glucosides from cynanchum liukiuense and distribution of conduritol f glucosides in several asclepiadaceous plants. | conduritol f 3-0- and 4-o-glucosides were obtained from cynanchum liukiuense, along with conduritol f which was identified in all asclepiadaceous plants examined, tylophora tanakae, asclepias curassavica and a. fruticosa, as well as in marsdenia tomentosa. the pattern of the glucosidic linkage to conduritol f differed between individual species, 2-o-glucoside from t tanakae and m. tomentosa, 3-o-glucoside from a. curassavica, but none from a. fruticosa. along with conduritol f glucosides, an 11- ... | 2000 | 10923848 |
| oviposition stimulants for the monarch butterfly: flavonol glycosides from asclepias curassavica. | the monarch butterfly, danaus plexippus oviposits on milkweed plants, primarily within the asclepiadaceae. oviposition stimulants responsible for host plant recognition were isolated from asclepias curassavica. six flavonoid glycosides-quercetin 3-o-(2",6"-alpha-l-dirhamnopyranosyl)-beta-d-galactopyranoside, quercetin 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-d-galactopyranoside, quercetin 3-o-(2"-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-d-galactopyranoside, quercetin 3-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-bet ... | 1996 | 8588865 |
| corneal edema due to asclepias curassavica. | | 1995 | 7639668 |
| influence of ozone air pollution on plant-herbivore interactions. part 2: effects of ozone on feeding preference, growth and consumption rates of monarch butterflies (danaus plexippus). | effects of ozone fumigation of asclepias curassavica l. and a. syriaca l. on feeding preference, growth, development, and nutritional indices of monarch larvae were investigated in conjunction with changes in specific leaf metabolites. while foliar chemistry was quite variable, fumigation generally decreased sugars and proteins, and increased amino acids and phenolics in a. curassavica. effects were similar in a. syriaca except that sugars were generally increased while amino acids were usually ... | 1992 | 15091975 |
| influence of ozone air pollution on plant-herbivore interactions. part 1: biochemical changes in ornamental milkweed (asclepias curassavica l.; asclepiadaceae) induced by ozone. | a series of fumigation experiments was conducted with bloodflower (asclepias curassavica l.) in continuous-flow stirred reactors (cstrs) to elucidate the effects of ozone on foliar concentrations of several primary and secondary plant metabolites relevant to herbivores. plants 8 weeks of age were subjected to different ozone levels ranging from 0 to 134 nl liter(-1) for exposure periods up to 16 days. leaves were analyzed for concentration of soluble carbohydrates, starch, free amino acids, solu ... | 1991 | 15092115 |
| plant regeneration and ploidy variation in culture derived plants of asclepias curassavica l. | clonal propagation of medicinal milkweed, asclepias curassavica l. (asclepiadaceae) was achieved by culturing excised nodes on ms medium (murashige and skoog, 1962) supplemented with different hormone combinations. both bap and kn were found equally effective for shoot initiation. iaa and naa were found suitable for root induction. combinations of kn and naa induced both roots and shoots after 30 days of culture. chromosomal variation was observed in the roots of in vitro regenerated plants. reg ... | 1986 | 24248138 |
| cytotoxicity of cardenolides and cardenolide glycosides from asclepias curassavica. | a new cardenolide, 12beta,14beta-dihydroxy-3beta,19-epoxy-3alpha-methoxy-5alpha-card-20(22)-enolide (6), and a new doubly linked cardenolide glycoside, 12beta-hydroxycalotropin (13), together with eleven known compounds, coroglaucigenin (1), 12beta-hydroxycoroglaucigenin (2), calotropagenin (3), desglucouzarin (4), 6'-o-feruloyl-desglucouzarin (5), calotropin (7), uscharidin (8), asclepin (9), 16alpha-hydroxyasclepin (10), 16alpha-acetoxycalotropin (11), and 16alpha-acetoxyasclepin (12), were is ... | 2009 | 19251412 |
| thrombin like activity of asclepias curassavica l. latex: action of cysteine proteases. | to validate the scientific basis of plant latex to stop bleeding on fresh cuts. cysteine protease(s) from asclepias curassavica (asclepiadaceae) plant latex was assessed for pro-coagulant and thrombin like activities. | 2009 | 19429347 |
| the influence of eastern north american autumnal migrant monarch butterflies (danaus plexippus l.) on continuously breeding resident monarch populations in southern florida. | in florida, the eastern north american population of the monarch butterfly exhibits geographic variability in population structure and dynamics. this includes the occurrence of migrants throughout the peninsula during the autumnal migration, occasional overwintering clusters that form along the gulf coast, remigrants from mexico that breed in north-central florida during the spring, and what have been assumed to be year-round, resident breeding populations in southern florida. the work reported ... | 2009 | 19579046 |
| naturally occurring cardiac glycosides. | cardiac glycoside poisoning from the ingestion of plants, particularly of oleanders, occurs with reasonable frequency in tropical and subtropical areas. we have assessed a variety of plant specimens for their cardiac glycoside content by means of radioimmunoassays with antibodies that differ in their specificity for cardiac glycosides. significant amounts of immunoreactive cardiac glycoside were found to be present in the ornamental shrubs: yellow oleander (thevetia peruviana); oleander (nerium ... | 1986 | 3086679 |
| soil-applied imidacloprid translocates to ornamental flowers and reduces survival of adult coleomegilla maculata, harmonia axyridis, and hippodamia convergens lady beetles, and larval danaus plexippus and vanessa cardui butterflies. | integrated pest management (ipm) is a decision making process used to manage pests that relies on many tactics, including cultural and biological control, which are practices that conserve beneficial insects and mites, and when needed, the use of conventional insecticides. however, systemic, soil-applied neonicotinoid insecticides are translocated to pollen and nectar of flowers, often for months, and may reduce survival of flower-feeding beneficial insects. imidacloprid seed-treated crops (0.05 ... | 2015 | 25799432 |
| asclepiasterol, a novel c21 steroidal glycoside derived from asclepias curassavica, reverses tumor multidrug resistance by down-regulating p-glycoprotein expression. | multidrug resistance (mdr) mediated by p-glycoprotein (p-gp) is a major cause of cancer therapy failure. in this study, we identified a novel c21 steroidal glycoside, asclepiasterol, capable of reversing p-gp-mediated mdr. asclepiasterol (2.5 and 5.0μm) enhanced the cytotoxity of p-gp substrate anticancer drugs in mcf-7/adr and hepg-2/adm cells. mdr cells were more responsive to paclitaxel in the presence of asclepiasterol, and colony formation of mdr cells was only reduced upon treatment with a ... | 2016 | 27129170 |
| the effect of host plant phenology on reproduction of the milkweed bug, oncopeltus fasciatus, in tropical florida. | a field study of the relationship between host plant phenology and the reproductive pattern of the large milkweed bug, oncopeltus fasciatus, was conducted in south florida. since o. fasciatus need seeds of either milkweed or nerium oleander plants to reproduce, reproduction takes place on only those host plants that are producing seed pods.two of four major host plants, asclepias incarnata and sarcostemma clausa fruit seasonally, producing pods in early autumn and early winter, respectively. the ... | 1982 | 28310113 |
| competition: butterflies eliminate milkweed bugs from a caribbean island. | by eliminating the food plant, asclepias curassavica, monarch butterflies, danaus plexippus, have virtually eliminated milkweed bugs, oncopeltus spp., from the island of barbados. the relatively open terrain of barbados means the plants have no refuge; the butterflies survive on an alternate milkweed food plant, calotropis procera, whose thick-walled pods make seeds unavailable to the bugs. | 1978 | 28309293 |
| food selection and utilization in a danid butterfly. | larvae of the danid butterfly danaus chrysippus, fed on the milkweeds calotropis gigantea and asclepias curassavica grew successfully during the 9-day feeding period and pupated. in the presence of these milkweeds, the larvae preferred to feed on c. gigantea. their preference was more pronounced during the final 2 instars than during the initial 3 instars. they consumed 605 mg, defecated 308 mg, and converted 115 mg of c. gigantea; those receiving a. curassavica consumed 563 mg, defecated 287 mg ... | 1975 | 28308815 |
| in vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative potential of medicinal plants used in traditional indian medicine to treat cancer. | the goal of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of 10 traditional medicinal plants, asclepias curassavica, ophiorrhiza mungos linn., cynodon dactylon (l.) pers, costus speciosus (j. koenig.) smith costaceae, achyranthes aspera l., amaranthus tristis roxb., blepharis maderaspatensis l., merremia emerginata hall.f., aegle marmelos corr., and tabernaemontana heyneana wall., used in the traditional indian system of medicine as a cure for cancer. the present st ... | 2012 | 22776996 |