| occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in georgia cattle. | a survey of gastrointestinal nematodes in georgia cattle was conducted from 1968 through 1973 from actual worm counts from viscera of 145 slaughtered beef cattle or from egg counts made from fecal samples from 3,273 beef and 100 dairy cattle. beef cattle were grouped as calves, yearlings, and cows. dairy cattle were grouped as calves, replacement heifers, and cows. results of fecal examinations positive; 99.5, 99.3, 99.6, and 41.2% of the calves, yearlings, drylot calves, and cows, respectively, ... | 1975 | 123711 |
| controlled test of anthelmintic activity of levamisole administered to calves via drinking water, subcutaneous injection, or alfalfa pellet premix. | a controlled test of the activity of 3 formulations of levamisole, at the dose level of approximately 8 mg/kg, against naturally occurring infections of gastrointestinal parasites and lungworms was made in 24 calves allotted to 4 groups of 6 calves each. levamisole was administered to group i calves in the drinking water, to group ii calves by subcutaneous injection, and to group iii calves by feeding alfalfa pellets mixed in corn silage; group iv calves were nontreated controls. group i calves ... | 1975 | 125055 |
| the control of adult parasitic nematodes of cattle with morantel tartrate. | the anthelmintic efficacy of morantel tartrate at 5mg/kg bodymass was investigated in three separate controlled trials comprising 68 calves. high anthelmintic activity was established against adult haemonchus placei, ostertagia ostertagi, cooperia spp. (c.pertinata and c. punctata), bunostomum phlebotomum and oesophagostomum radiatum. | 1975 | 131197 |
| levamisole: anthelmintic activity in calves following dermal application. | a series of seven experiments designed to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of levamisole (1-tetramisole) by dermal application is described. this work involved use of 181 artificially infested calves. the drug was formulated at a concentration of 10% m/v levamisole base in a solvent system promoting dermal absorption and was applied to both sides of the spine in the lumber region at a dose rate of 10 mg levamisole base per kg livemass. a consistent performance was achieved in these investigati ... | 1977 | 144190 |
| trials with rafoxanide. 8. efficacy of an injectable solution against trematodes and nematodes in cattle. | four experiments are described in which the efficacy of an experimental 5% injectable solution of rafoxanide was evaluated against various adult and immature helminths in cattle. subcutaneous injection at a dosage of 3 mg/kg live mass resulted in the following reductions in mean worm burdens: adult fasciola hepatica, 82,6%; adult fasciola gigantica, 99,8% immature paramphistomum microbothrium, 10,1% adult haemonchus placei, 99,6%, third stage h. placei, 73,7%; adult bunostomum phlebotomum, 99,8% ... | 1977 | 144191 |
| occurrence and seasonal behavior of gastrointestinal nematodes infecting maine dairy cattle. | gastrointestinal tracts of 48 yearling maine dairy cattle were examined (8 animals every 2 months) for 1 year. adult and immature nematodes were identified and counted. species recovered were bunostomum phlebotomum, cooperia mcmasteri, cooperia oncophora, cooperia pectinata, cooperia punctata, haemonchus placei, nematodirus helvetianus, oesophagostomum radiatum, ostertagia circumcincta, ostertagia lyrata, ostertagia ostertagi, trichostongylus axei, and trichuris ovis. strongyle parasitism was ob ... | 1977 | 145192 |
| effect of albendazole on gastrointestinal parasites of cattle. | the efficacy of albendazole in removing gastrointestinal nematodes and tapeworms was studied in 16 treated and 16 untreated (control) beef calves. the anthelmintic was administered as an oral drench at a dose level of 5 ml/45.5 kg of body weight (5 mg/kg). percentage of efficacy against the various genera was: trichostrongylus axei, oesophagostomum radiatum, and moniezia-100.0; haemonchus placei, cooperia spp, and trichostrongylus colubriformis - greater than 99.0; ostertagia ostertagi -98.3; an ... | 1977 | 145816 |
| efficacy of albendazole for treatment of naturally acquired nematode infections in washington cattle. | albendazole, methyl 5-propylthio-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate, was given as a bolus (7.68 to 8.18 mg/kg of body weight) to cattle naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms in a controlled trial. over 99% of adult ostertagia ostertagi, trichostrongylus longispicularis, cooperia oncophora, nematodirus helvetianus, and dictyocaulus viviparus were removed by the treatment. efficacy against immature o ostertagi, early fourth-stage o ostertagi, and oesophagostomum radiatum was ... | 1979 | 157705 |
| the efficacy of fenbendazole at a dosage rate of 7,5 mg/kg against nematode infestations in cattle. | fenbedazole, dosed to artificially infested cattle at 7,5 mg/kg live mass, was more than 80% effective in more than 80% of the treated animals against immature and adult haemonchus placei, ostertagia ostertagi; cooperia spp., bunostomum phlebotum and oesophagostomum radiatum. | 1979 | 162147 |
| anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole in cattle: comparison of critical and controlled tests. | twelve calves were experimentally inoculated with 6 species of gastrointestinal nematodes and the liver fluke, fasciola hepatica. six calves were administered albendazole at 10 mg/kg of body weight, and the drug efficacy was determined by critical and controlled tests. albendazole was only 74% effective against haemonchus contortus (cambendazole-resistant strain), 99 to 100% effective against ostertagia ostertagi, trichostrongylus colubriformis, cooperia oncophora, and oesophagostomum radiatum, ... | 1977 | 334003 |
| [endoparasites of calves in large herds]. | the authors present preliminary results of the coprological examination of calves in large-capacity calf-houses. in a new large-capacity calf-house in the benesov district in the central-bohemian region, 200 samples of faeces were examined according to breza (1957) and further examinations were performed regularly in a group of 42 calves from the age of 0.5 to 6 months. the tests revealed 13 species of endoparasites, including eight species of coccidia: eimeria auburnensis, e. alabamensis. e. bo ... | 1977 | 413242 |
| avermectins, new family of potent anthelmintic agents: efficacy of the b1a component. | when given to sheep as a single oral dose at 0.1 mg/kg, the b(1a) component of the avermectins caused a reduction of >95% in the numbers of haemonchus contortus, ostertagia circumcincta (including inhibited l(4) larvae), trichostrongylus axei, trichostrongylus colubriformis, cooperia oncophora, and oesophagostomum columbianum. when given to cattle as a single oral dose at 0.1 mg/kg, avermectin b(1a) was >95% effective in reducing the numbers of haemonchus placei, ostertagia ostertagi (including ... | 1979 | 464563 |
| evaluation of oxfendazole against natural infections of gastrointestinal nematodes in nigerian calves. | the efficacy of oxfendazole was tested in naturally infected sokoto-gudali calves at a dosage of 2.8 mg per kg. at this dosage level, oxfendazole showed 100 per cent efficacy against adult and immature forms of haemonchus spp, trichostrongylus spp, bunostomum phlebotomum and oesophagostomum radiatum. although efficacy of 100 per cent was recorded for the adult form of cooperia spp, only 48 per cent reduction was recorded for its immature stages. similarly, a percentage reduction of 75 was record ... | 1979 | 523816 |
| anthelmintic activities of b1a fraction of avermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes in calves. | anthelmintic activities of the b1a fraction of avermectin were evaluated in a controlled experiment. twenty 12-week-old calves artificially infected with gastrointestinal nematodes were allotted to four groups. calves in group 1 were used as nonmedicated controls; other calves in groups 2, 3, and 4 were given (orally) b1a avermectin at dosage levels of 50, 100, and 200 microgram/kg of body weight, respectively. these treatments were given 35 days after calves were inoculated with infective nemat ... | 1979 | 525922 |
| the plasma cryofibrinogen of calves infected with oesophagostomum radiatum. | a cryofibrinogen complex was detected in the plasma of cattle infected with oesophagostomum radiatum. its formation coincided with the development of hypofibrinogenaemia and it consisted basically of fibrinogen and soluble noncross-linked fibrin in both monomer and high molecular forms. also present in the complex, albeit in trace amounts, were cold insoluble globulin, tgg, and plasminogen. it is suggested that the complex results from thrombin activation in vivo and its role is to maintain fibr ... | 1979 | 543212 |
| the seasonal incidence of helminth parasites of cattle in the northern transvaal bushveld. | during a period of 14 months two tracer calves per month were slaughtered after one month's exposure to natural helminth infestation on a farm in the northern transvaal bushveld. total parasitic helminth burdens, which were never large, were determined in order to define their seasonal incidence. the gastro-intestinal parasites that were recovered were bunostomum phlebotomum, cooperia pectinata, cooperia punctata, haemonchus placei, oesophagostomum radiatum and trichostongylus spp. of these coop ... | 1979 | 551181 |
| cryopreservation of the infective larvae of the common nematodes of ruminants. | exsheathed infective larvae (l 3) of 19 species of nematodes were tested for infectivity in either sheep or cattle after they had been frozen in 0,9% nacl solution, stored for a relatively short time in the gas phase of liquid nitrogen and subsequently thawed. in addition, 13 of these species were tested after similar storage for up to 18 months. in sheep, haemonchus contortus, ostertagia circumcincta, trichostrongylus axei, trichostrongylus colubriformis, nematodirus spathiger and oesophagostom ... | 1977 | 566412 |
| anthelmintic efficacy of oxfendazole in calves. | oxfendazole, methyl [5-(phenylsulfinyl)-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate given to calves at dose level of 2.5 mg/kg as a paste, as a bolus, or as a drench resulted in excellent (97 to 100%) anthelmintic efficacy against mature ostertagia ostertagi, trichostrongylus axei, cooperia oncophora, c mcmasteri, c pectinata, c punctata, nematodirus helvetianus, trichostrongylus longispicularis, chabertia ovina, and oesophagostomum radiatum. against the early 4th stage larvage of o ostertagia and n helvetia ... | 1978 | 567947 |
| nitroxynil. anthelmintic activity in cattle following subcutaneous injection. | nitroxynil injected subcutaneously at 10 mg/kg live mass achieved class a efficacy when evaluated by the non parametric method against adult fasciola gigantica. haemonchus placei, bonustomum phlebotomum and oesophagostomum radiatum in cattle. the compound was not effective against adult cooperia spp. at the same dosage. | 1978 | 569707 |
| the effect of dermally applied levamisole against the parasitic nematodes of cattle. | a series of trials to establish the anthelmintic efficiency of levamisole, when applied dermally to calves, is described. the levamisole base was formulated in a suitable solvent system at 100 g/l and applied dermally at a dose rate of 8 mg base/kg. this gave efficiencies of 97.1-100%, 88.5-100%, 100%, 98.7-100% and 89.2-100% against adult haemonchus placei, ostertagia spp, cooperia spp, oesophagostomum radiatum and trichostrongylus axei, respectively. activity against the immature stages of h. ... | 1977 | 588176 |
| a chymotrypsin inhibitor from the parastitic nematode, oesophagostomum radiatum. | an inhibitor of alpha-chymotrypsin was isolated from o. radiatum by affinity chromatography, as well as by ion-exchange and molecular sieve chromatography. the inhibitor was associated with the cuticle or musculature of the parasite. it completely inhibited the esterolytic activity of chymotrypsin. molecular sieve chromatography gave an apparent molecular weight of 9700 for the inhibitor alone and 32000 for the complex with chymotrypsin. this suggests reaction in a 1:1 molar ratio. the inhibitor ... | 1977 | 610701 |
| studies on nematode infections of beef cattle in new south wales. | the occurrence and seasonal trends of nematode parasite infections in beef cattle on the tablelands and north coast regions of new south wales are described, based on worm counts from 627 spring-born steers slaughtered at 2-monthly intervals from 6 to 24 months of age. the predominant parasites were ostertagia ostertagi, trichostrongylus axei and cooperia spp. large burdens of adult ostertagia were seen in 12-month-old animals in late winter and early spring, and later in 18- to 20-month-old cat ... | 1977 | 614021 |
| helminth parasites of beef cattle in the east kimberley and victoria river districts of northern australia. | an investigation into the helminth species present in cattle in the east kimberley and victoria river districts of northern australia was conducted over a 2-year period based on bi-monthly total and differential worm counts in weaner cattle as well as on a post mortem survey of adult cattle sent for slaughter. the most important species found in young cattle were haemonchus placei and cooperia spp. only small numbers of bunostomum phlebotomum, nematodirus spathiger, oesophagostomum radiatum and ... | 1978 | 664015 |
| anthelmintic activity of fenbendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in calves. | anthelmintic activities of fenbendazole were evaluated in a controlled experiment. forty calves artificially infected with gastrointestinal nematodes were allotted to 4 groups. calves in group 1 were used as nonmedicated controls; the other calves were given (orally) fenbendazole at the dose level of 5 mg/kg in the forms of a suspension (group 2), medicated feed to individual calves (group 3), and medicated feed to the group (group 4). these treatments were given on day 35 after calves were inoc ... | 1978 | 677528 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xi. helminths in cattle on natural pastures in the northern transvaal. | after being exposed to infestation for 4 to 6 weeks, pairs of tracer calves were slaughtered to determine the seasonal incidence of helminth infestation in cattle on natural pasture. haemonchus placei was recovered from march-july and from november-february, and peak burdens were recorded during december and january. there was marked inhibition in larval development from april-july. trichostrongylus spp. were recovered from march-june and from november-february, the greatest number of worms bein ... | 1978 | 754122 |
| [natural development of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in calves born during the dry season in guaira, state of são paulo, brazil]. | proceeding with their observations on bovine nematode epidemiology in guaíra, state of são paulo, the authors carried a study on the natural development of nematode infections in crossbred calves born at the dry season. the fecal nematode egg counts per gram (e.p.g.) performed every fortnight were positive at the start, in october, when calves were two months old, and reached the peak when they were five months old; cultures of faeces revealed larvae of cooperia, haemoncus, oesophagostomum and t ... | 1978 | 754678 |
| evaluation of less than recommended dosages of levamisole phosphate for the treatment of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle. | the anthelmintic activity of 3 dosages of injectable levamisole phosphate was evaluated in 84- to 145-kg calves from a herd of cattle with a history of heavy gastrointestinal nematode infections. trichostrongylid egg counts in the calves varied from 450 to 700/g of feces. the anthelmintic was administered subcutaneously to 3 groups of 10 calves each, at the rate of 8 mg/kg of body weight (current manufacturer's recommendation), 6 mg/kg, and 4 mg/kg. a 4th group of 10 calves was utilized as untre ... | 1977 | 833031 |
| anthelmintic activity of albendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in calves. | anthelmintic activities of albendazole were evaluated in a controlled experiment. forty calves experimentally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes were allotted to 4 groups. calves in group 1 were used as nonmedicated controls; calves in groups 2, 3, and 4 were given (by oral route) a suspension containing albendazole at dose concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/kg of body weight on the 35th day after administration of infective nematode larvae. in groups 2, 3, and 4 calves, average overal ... | 1977 | 921039 |
| age resistance of cattle to the nodular worm oesophagostomum radiatum. | two groups of seven castrated male calves, aged three and 13 months respectively, which had been reared worm-free, were infected with 5000 larvae of oesophagostomun radiatum. at autopsy six weeks later a mean of 403 +/- 398 adult worms were recovered from the older animals and a mean of 1174 +/- 484 from the younger. this significant difference (p less than 0-01) indicates that the resistance of cattle to initial infection with o radiatum increases with age. | 1976 | 935673 |
| efficacy of oxibendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle. | in 3 separate studies, oxibendazole in drench and premix formulation was shown efficacious against larvae and adults of the genera haemonchus, ostertagia, trichostrongylus, strongyloides, nematodirus, cooperia, bunostomum, capillaria, oesophagostomum, and trichuris. in the first study, artificially infected calves were cleared of virtually all histotrophic larvae and adult parasites after medication with oxibendazole drench at a dose level of 10 mg/kg of body weight. smaller doses (7.5 and 5.0 m ... | 1976 | 984548 |
| nematodes parasitizing domestic ruminants in afghanistan. | a total of 12 nematode species were determined in the collection recovered from domestic ruminants in afghanistan. ten of them were found for the first time in this region: trichocephalus globulosus, trichostrongylus probolurus, cooperia bisonis, nematodirus spathiger, n. abnormalis, thelazia rhodesi, bunostomum phlebotomum, haemonchus contortus, dictyocaulus filaria and oesophagostomum radiatum. morphological and metrical characteristics of t. globulosus, t. skrjabini and c. bisonis, based on o ... | 1976 | 1034588 |
| a defibrination syndrome in calves caused by histotropic larvae of oesophagostomum radiatum. | | 1975 | 1141470 |
| percutaneous infestation of calves and lambs with oesophagostomum spp. | oesophagostomum radiatum and oesophagostomum columbianum became established in low numbers when 2 calves and 2 sheep respectively were exposed percutaneously to pure cultures of infective larvae of these worms. a further sheep infested in the conjunctival sac became heavily infested but this may have occurred via the lachrimal duct. as far as can be ascertained this is the first time that development of o. columbianum has been demonstrated after percutaneous exposure. | 1975 | 1219108 |
| anthelmintic activity of paraherquamide in calves. | paraherquamide, an oxindole alkaloid metabolite of penicillium paraherquei and penicillium charlesii, was tested against the adult stages of nine common gastrointestinal and lung nematodes of calves at single, oral dosages of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 mg kg-1. at dosages 1.0-4.0 mg kg-1 there was 95% or more removal of haemonchus placei, ostertagia ostertagi, trichostrongylus axei, trichostrongylus colubriformis, cooperia oncophora, nematodirus helvetianus, oesophagostomum radiatum, and dictyocaulus ... | 1992 | 1413457 |
| efficacy of cydectin moxidectin 1% injectable against experimental infections of dictyocaulus viviparus and bunostomum phlebotomum superimposed on natural gastrointestinal infections in calves. | twenty male holstein calves averaging 105 kg in weight and naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes and small numbers of lungworm and hookworm, were given experimental infections with the two latter species to provide adult and larval stages for anthelmintic evaluation. following random allotment, one group of 10 calves was injected subcutaneously with moxidectin at a dosage of 0.2 mg kg-1 of body weight. a second group of 10 was injected subcutaneously with unmedicated blank vehicle a ... | 1992 | 1413460 |
| efficacy of moxidectin against gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle. | three groups of 11 naturally infected crossbred beef calves were injected subcutaneously with moxidectin 1 per cent injectable at 0.2 or 0.3 mg moxidectin/kg bodyweight or with the unmedicated vehicle. nematode infections had been acquired during grazing from december to april. based on the faecal egg counts and total worm counts of the control calves at necropsy (11 to 13 days after treatment) most of the calves had heavy parasitic burdens. ostertagia ostertagi was predominant and the mean numb ... | 1992 | 1441146 |
| efficacy of moxidectin against naturally acquired nematode infections in cattle. | the efficacy of moxidectin, a new endectocide against natural nematode infections, was evaluated. twenty-five calves were divided into two groups of eight calves each and a third group of nine calves. moxidectin was administered s.c. to two groups (i, 0.2 mg kg-1 body weight (bw); ii, 0.3 mg kg-1 bw) and the third group (iii) received the vehicle (placebo) s.c. two pre-treatment and one post-treatment faecal nematode egg count determinations were made from all calves, and they were necropsied 2 ... | 1992 | 1502785 |
| efficacy of ivermectin delivered from a sustained-release bolus against inhibited early fourth-stage larvae of ostertagia ostertagi and other nematodes in cattle. | the anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin (ivm) delivered from a sustained-release (sr) bolus was evaluated against natural infections with gastrointestinal tract nematodes in 12 crossbred beef heifers in spring. the 12 calves were randomly allotted to 2 groups of 6 calves each. group-1 calves were treated with an sr bolus designed to deliver 8 mg of ivermectin/d. group-2 calves were nontreated controls. cattle groups were kept in separate concrete-floored pens (grass hay nutrition) and slaughter ... | 1992 | 1524310 |
| efficacy of abamectin against natural infections of gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworm of cattle with special emphasis on inhibited, early fourth stage larvae of ostertagia ostertagi. | the anthelmintic efficacy of abamectin (avermectin b1) was evaluated against gastrointestinal nematodes, including ostertagia ostertagi inhibited larvae and lungworm, in yearling crossbred beef heifers during late spring. the calves were grazed on contaminated pasture for 10 weeks and then held under conditions free of nematode infection for 3 weeks prior to allotment and treatment on 5 june. thirteen calves were randomly assigned to two groups of six by restricted randomization on body weights; ... | 1992 | 1532875 |
| effects of low levels of lice and internal nematodes on weight gain and blood parameters in calves in central texas. | the effects of low levels of both biting and sucking lice, a mixed population of nematodes, and a combination of all these parasites were evaluated in calves held in a barn with no environmental controls in central texas. observations at 122 sites on each animal for 16 wk consecutively in 1987 revealed that the largest numbers of all louse species [haematopinus eurysternus (nitzsch). linognathus vituli (l.), and bovicola bovis (l.)] occurred 3-7 wk after infestation. in 1988 l. vituli population ... | 1992 | 1607476 |
| the seasonal epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes in n'dama cattle in the gambia. | from june 1987 to june 1988, a total of 180 n'dama cattle were necropsied to identify and enumerate parasites present, including 39 sick calves and 25 dead calves from local village herds, and 116 adult cattle from a local abattoir. of 175 animals infected with one or more helminths (97%), haemonchus contortus was found in 67% of all necropsied animals, cooperia punctata in 75%, cooperia pectinata in 55%, oesophagostomum radiatum in 71% and bunostomum phlebotomum in 21%. there was a wide range o ... | 1990 | 2238429 |
| [large-intestinal nematoda in bison]. | in the białowieza forest the parasitological autopsy of large intestine of 6 bisons was made at the beginning of winter of 1987-1988, and 9 dissections were made in the latter part of both seasons. four species of nematodes were found to occur together: chabertia ovina, oesophagostomum radiatum, oe. venulosum and trichocephalus ovis. at the end of wintering in bisons the invasion of ch. ovina appeared in high percent of animals, but the intensity of it was low. however, the extensity and intensi ... | 1990 | 2256336 |
| genetic control of immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle. | previous studies have indicated that host genetics significantly affects the number of gastrointestinal nematode eggs per gram (epg) in the feces of calves during their first grazing season. an entire calf crop of approximately 190 animals was monitored monthly until weaning to verify these earlier results, and to begin to discern the basis for this phenomenon. a significant genetic effect on fecal epg values was not observed until calves had been on pasture for 2-3 months, and was demonstrable ... | 1990 | 2267727 |
| the relationships among ecto- and endoparasite levels, class i antigens of the bovine major histocompatibility system, immunoglobulin e levels and weight gain. | natural infestations of the cattle tick boophilus microplus, levels of the buffalo fly haematobia irritants exigua and faecal nematode egg concentrations (bunostomum phlebotomum, cooperia spp., haemonchus placei, oesophagostomum radiatum and trichostrongylus axei) were assessed in 221 belmont red calves during the post-weaning period, when the animals were between 9 and 18 months of age. in addition, the 98 males of this group were challenged with b. microplus larvae on two separate occasions. t ... | 1990 | 2316176 |
| oesophagostomum radiatum: inhibition of in vitro development by newborn calf serum. | oesophagostomum radiatum developed to fourth stage larvae after 14 days in vitro culture. however, development was totally inhibited if the standard 50% foetal calf serum in the medium was replaced by newborn calf serum. inhibition did not occur with serum from cattle immune to o. radiatum through natural infection or experimental vaccination irrespective of the titre of specific antibodies to o. radiatum in each serum. the inhibitory action of ncs could be abolished by heat treatment at 56 degr ... | 1990 | 2338487 |
| cryopreservation of some common nematodes of ruminants for up to 11,3 years. | infective larvae of selected batched of the following nematode species from sheep and cattle were examined for survival and infectivity (by injection into either the abomasum, the duodenum, or the jugular vein) after having been stored in liquid nitrogen for 103-136 months: haemonchus contortus, haemonchus placei, ostertagia circumcincta, ostertagia ostertagi, marshallagia marshalli, cooperia spp., trichostrongylus axei, trichostrongylus colubriformis, trichostrongylus falculatus, nematodirus sp ... | 1990 | 2338992 |
| induction of protective immunity in calves immunized with adult oesophagostomum radiatum somatic antigens. | oesophagostomum radiatum, the nodular worm of cattle, is a severe pathogen in previously uninfected calves. however, cattle develop a strong protective immune response upon exposure to the parasite. in order to evaluate whether soluble parasite antigens could induce protective immunity, a soluble fraction was obtained from disrupted adult worms, and this fraction was used to vaccinate calves. the vaccination protocol involved two immunizations. the first was administered intramuscularly with com ... | 1989 | 2617827 |
| efficacy of oxfendazole against inhibited larvae of ostertagia ostertagi in naturally infected calves in the southern usa. | forty yearling calves were assigned to four equal groups; three of the groups were treated with oxfendazole at dose rates of 6.75 mg/kg, 4.50 mg/kg, or 2.25 mg/kg bodyweight while the fourth group served as an untreated control. the calves were native to north-east mississippi, usa, and harboured natural infections of gastrointestinal nematodes. the study was conducted during july when inhibited early fourth-stage larvae may be found in large numbers after their acquisition in the spring. the ca ... | 1989 | 2728298 |
| factors affecting the survival and migration of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematode parasites of cattle in central queensland. | faecal pats containing parasitic nematode eggs were deposited monthly on worm-free pasture, from mid-1975 to early in 1979, near rockhampton in central queensland. pasture samples were collected monthly from beside these pats and the number of infective larvae on the samples was counted. cooperia spp. were the most numerous larvae on pasture all year round and haemonchus placei were commonly present in low numbers. small numbers of oesophagostomum radiatum larvae were found, mostly during summer ... | 1989 | 2728322 |
| the relation between the natural worm burden of steers and the faecal egg count differentiated to species. | the relation between the faecal egg count and the worm burden was investigated in 104 steers of three breeds, 9-24 months of age, which were subjected to natural infection with nematode larvae from pasture at the national cattle breeding station near rockhampton in central queensland. the worm species found were cooperia spp., haemonchus placei, trichostrongylus axei, oesophagostomum radiatum and small numbers of bunostumum phlebotumum. the faecal egg count was found to be a reliable measure of ... | 1989 | 2728323 |
| oesophagostomum radiatum: successful vaccination of calves with high molecular weight antigens. | extracts of adult oesophagostomum radiatum were resolved into four fractions by gel filtration chromatography on a superose 12 column. elisa assays on these four fractions showed that the antibodies produced by naturally infected calves predominantly reacted with the void volume fraction (vv). three trials were conducted in which calves were vaccinated with the vv fraction of adult extract. when compared to untreated controls, vaccination with the vv of adult extract significantly (p less than 0 ... | 1989 | 2759767 |
| controlled dosage titration of febantel paste in naturally parasitized cattle. | a controlled anthelmintic trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of febantel paste (45.5%) at dosages of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mg/kg in calves harboring natural gastrointestinal nematode infections. dosages of 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mg of febantel/kg of body weight were greater than 96% effective in removing adults of haemonchus contortus, ostertagia spp, cooperia spp, and oesophagostomum radiatum. the 2.5 mg/kg dosage was considered suboptimal because of low efficacy against ostertagia and ... | 1989 | 2802334 |
| prophylactic efficacy of an ivermectin sustained-release bolus against challenge exposure with gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematode infective larvae in calves. | twelve holstein calves were used to determine the prophylactic efficacy of ivermectin against challenge exposure with gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes. two groups of 6 calves (mean body weight, 205 kg) each were formed by restricted randomization according to body weight. group-1 calves served as nonmedicated controls. each calf of group 2 was orally given one prototype sustained-release bolus designed to deliver ivermectin at a continuous daily dose of 8 mg. third-stage nematode infecti ... | 1988 | 3189987 |
| abundance and survival of infective larvae of the cattle nematodes cooperia punctata, haemonchus placei and oesophagostomum radiatum from faecal pats in a wet tropical climate. | observations were made on the abundance and survival of haemonchus placei, cooperia punctata and oesophagostomum radiatum infective larvae from cattle faecal pats exposed at various times of the year in north queensland wet tropics. pats exposed in the hot, wet season yielded abundant larvae on herbage. in the dry season, although low numbers of infective larvae were usual, considerable numbers were produced under conditions of heavy dews on dense herbage. irrespective of season of deposition of ... | 1988 | 3190586 |
| a comparison of worm burden and faecal egg count for measuring the efficacy of vaccination against oesophagostomum radiatum. | | 1988 | 3192358 |
| prophylactic efficacy of sustained-release ivermectin against induced nematode infestations in cattle. | the efficacy of sustained-release ivermectin was evaluated against challenge infestations of gastro-intestinal nematodes in a laboratory study involving 12 treated and 12 untreated control cattle. a weighted, orally administered osmotically activated device designed to lodge in the rumeno-reticulum and to deliver ivermectin at a dosage rate of approximately 8 mg/day for a 120-day period, was administered to treated cattle. animals were challenged with infective larvae of bunostomum phlebotomum a ... | 1988 | 3361567 |
| oesophagostomum radiatum: successful vaccination of calves with an extract of in vitro cultured larvae. | | 1988 | 3366530 |
| differential recoveries from faecal cultures of larvae of some gastro-intestinal nematodes of cattle. | faecal cultures were established using bovine faeces containing known numbers of eggs from either oesophagostomum radiatum, haemonchus placei, cooperia pectinata or a mixture of all three. a substantially greater percentage of larvae was recovered from cultures of o. radiatum and c. pectinata than was recovered from cultures of h. placei. the same pattern was observed in mixed cultures although yields of larvae from all species in mixed cultures were significantly reduced (p less than 0.001). th ... | 1988 | 3397511 |
| efficacy of oxfendazole against inhibited larvae of ostertagia ostertagi acquired by calves in the spring. | during the spring of 1985, 40 calves grazed pastures known to have high numbers of spring inhibition-prone, infective ostertagia ostertagi larvae. calves were removed from pasture and placed in outdoor pens with concrete floors from 10 days prior to treatment until necropsy 14 days after treatment. ten calves were allocated to each of 4 treatment groups, and oxfendazole was administered to each group by intraruminal injection at dosages of 0, 2.25, 4.5, and 6.75 mg/kg of body weight. efficacies ... | 1988 | 3421523 |
| anthelmintic efficacy of netobimin against naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling heifers. | the efficacy of netobimin (coded sch 32481, schering corporation) in removing naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode infections was evaluated in 10 treated and 10 untreated (control) yearling beef heifers. the anthelmintic was administered as an oral drench at a dose level of 7.5 mg kg-1 body weight. fecal egg per gram (epg) counts were reduced with netobimin by 98% (p less than or equal to 0.01) at both 1 and 2 weeks post-treatment (pt). the compound was highly effective in removing oesop ... | 1987 | 3439007 |
| protection from parasite-induced weight loss by the vaccination of calves with excretory-secretory products of larval oesophagostomum radiatum. | excretory-secretory products (esp) were collected from in vitro maintained oesophagostomum radiatum larvae during the period in which the larvae molt from the third to fourth larval stage. the esp were used to immunize 13 uninfected calves which were subsequently challenged with 1.7 x 10(4) infective o. radiatum larvae. worm recoveries from immunized calves were reduced 23% compared to 12 unimmunized controls, while the number of intestinal nodules was 72% greater compared to unimmunized control ... | 1987 | 3439009 |
| evaluation of three formulations of fenbendazole (10% suspension, 0.5% pellets, and 20% premix) against nematode infections in cattle. | anthelmintic efficacies of 3 formulations of fenbendazole were evaluated in cattle naturally parasitized with nematodes: a 10% oral suspension, 0.5% pellets as a top dressing on feed, and a 20% premix. all formulations of fenbendazole were greater than 99% effective in removing adults of haemonchus contortus, ostertagia spp, cooperia spp, and oesophagostomum radiatum. fenbendazole was greater than 96% effective in removing adults of strongyloides papillosus and greater than 85% effective in the ... | 1986 | 3516024 |
| helminth parasites of beef cattle in the cerrado region of brazil. | the results are presented of a ten-year research programme on the helminth parasites of beef cattle raised in the extensive cerrado region of central-east brazil. the most important helminths are cooperia spp., haemonchus spp. (80% h. similis), trichostrongylus spp. and oesophagostomum radiatum. both production and infection are dominated by the alternation of rainy and dry seasons. attempts to develop and implement control measures and their limitations are discussed. | 1987 | 3603712 |
| efficacy of fenbendazole-medicated feed blocks against gastrointestinal nematode infections in calves. | an anthelmintic trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of fenbendazole (fbz) incorporated into two types of feed blocks given daily for 3 or 10 days to calves naturally parasitized with gastrointestinal nematodes. each treated calf consumed 5 mg of fbz/kg of body weight. the fbz was greater than 99% effective in removing adults of haemonchus contortus, ostertagia ostertagi, o lyrata, cooperia punctata, c pectinata, c onchophora, trichostrongylus axei, bunostomum phlebotomum, and oesophago ... | 1987 | 3605803 |
| the efficacy of ivermectin against nematode parasites of white fulani calves. | ivermectin was evaluated for anthelmintic activity in calves naturally infected with gastrointestinal helminths. five of 10 calves were treated subcutaneously with ivermectin at 200 micrograms per kg body weight. one-hundred percent efficacy was indicated against adult and immature haemonchus, trichostrongylus, bunostomum phlebotomum and oesophagostomum radiatum. adult cooperia were also completely eliminated, and a 95.5% reduction was obtained for the immature forms; an 88.7% reduction was obta ... | 1986 | 3754670 |
| antigenic differences among the life cycle stages of oesophagostomum radiatum. | maturation of oesophagostomum radiatium is characterised by production of different proteins in all the life cycle stages that occur within the bovine host. one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels stained for total protein, showed that fourth stage larvae (l4) and adult worms have many proteins in common but l4 has a major additional protein (82,000 d); third stage larvae have many different proteins. analysis of the proteins of each life cycle stage by western blotting with ... | 1986 | 3764098 |
| prophylaxis of nematode infections in cattle with an indwelling rumino-reticular ivermectin sustained release bolus. | ivermectin delivered continuously from a rumino-reticular sustained release device was prophylactically effective in preventing establishment of nine nematode parasite species in multiply-exposed cattle. ivermectin dosages which permitted less than or equal to 1% of infected control calf worm populations to establish ranged from less than 2.5 micrograms kg-1 day-1, which totally prevented infection with dictyocaulus viviparus and oesophagostomum radiatum, to approximately equal to 30 micrograms ... | 1986 | 3788027 |
| efficacy of ivermectin in a topical formulation against induced gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematode infections, and naturally acquired grubs and lice in cattle. | efficacy of ivermectin in a topical formulation was evaluated in cattle against adult gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematode infections (experiment 1, n = 24), the 2nd- and 3rd-stage larvae of hypoderma spp (experiment 2, n = 12), and the biting louse damalinia bovis (experiment 3, n = 12). nematode infections were induced and grubs and lice were naturally acquired. treatments consisted of a single dose of ivermectin in a topical formulation of 200, 500, or 1,000 micrograms/kg of body weight in ... | 1986 | 3789500 |
| efficacy of ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle in south africa. | the efficacy of ivermectin administered at 200 micrograms/kg was evaluated against induced infestations of 5 gastrointestinal nematode species in cattle. results were analysed by the modified non-parametric method and a "a" class (more than 80% effective in more than 80% of the treated animals) was achieved with an oral drench and subcutaneous injection against the third and fourth larval and adult stages of bunostomum phlebotomum, cooperia spp. (c. pectinata and c. punctata), haemonchus placei, ... | 1985 | 3839020 |
| seasonal comparisons of anthelmintic activity of levamisole pour-on in cattle in the usa. | anthelmintic activity of a pour-on formulation of levamisole, applied during warm weather (16 degrees to 36 degrees c) at 10 mg/kg bodyweight, was evaluated in groups of naturally parasitised calves. this activity was compared to that obtained in similar groups of calves treated in the winter (-4 degrees to +7 degrees c). controlled efficacy of the pour-on formulation was determined for each season by comparing mean worm burdens in treated calves sacrificed seven to nine days after treatment to ... | 1986 | 3946069 |
| suppression of antigen- and mitogen-induced proliferation of bovine lymphocytes by excretory-secretory products of oesophagostomum radiatum. | excretory-secretory products (esp) isolated from in vitro-grown stage-3 to -4 larvae of oesophagostomum radiatum were found to inhibit both the in vitro antigen-specific proliferation of keyhole limpet hemocyanin- and ovalbumin-primed lymphocytes and the proliferation induced by the t-cell mitogen concanavalin a. as little as 50 ng of esp protein per culture resulted in 50% reductions of subsequent proliferative responses. antigen-induced responses were 100 to 1,000 times more sensitive to inhib ... | 1985 | 3988346 |
| histochemical distribution of "leucine" aminopeptidase in oesophagostomum radiatum grown in vivo and in vitro. | | 1973 | 4123105 |
| oesophagostomum radiatum in calves: intestinal hemorrhage associated with larval emergence. | | 1974 | 4547715 |
| an easy method of preparing living oesophagostomum radiatum (nematoda) larvae and adults for cryostat sectioning. | | 1972 | 4553962 |
| vaccination against oesophagostomum radiatum by injecting killed worm extracts and in-vitro-grown larvae into cattle. | | 1973 | 4760651 |
| immunization of calves against the nodular worm, oesophagostomum radiatum. | | 1973 | 4778479 |
| the lactic acid dehydrogenases of some parasitic gastro-intestinal nematodes: ascaris suum, oesophagostomum radiatum and haemonchus contortus. | | 1971 | 5137637 |
| sequelae to intravenous and subsequent oral inoculation of oesophagostomum radiatum (rudolphi, 1803) railliet, 1898, into cattle. | | 1971 | 5282968 |
| development of ovine nodular worm, oesophagostomum columbianum, in cattle and its effect on resistance of host against infection with oesophagostomum radiatum. | | 1970 | 5414869 |
| oesophagostomum radiatum: adult nematodes and intestinal hemorrhage. | | 1970 | 5499664 |
| survival of infective larvae of the cattle nematodes, cooperia punctata, trichostrongylus axei, and oesophagostomum radiatum. | | 1967 | 6068246 |
| anthelmintic efficacy of mebendazole suspension against induced helminth infections in south african sheep and cattle. | critical controlled tests were performed in 157 sheep (8 experiments) and 34 cattle (2 experiments) to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of mebendazole suspension, administered intraruminally via a stomach tube at a dosage rate of 15 mg of mebendazole/kg of body weight, against induced infections of immature and adult stages of commonly encountered nematode parasites in south africa. in the sheep, the controlled efficacy of mebendazole suspension was good to excellent (90.1% to 100%) against al ... | 1984 | 6375485 |
| controlled and clinical evaluations of the anthelmintic activity of a levamisole pour-on formulation against gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle. | beef-type calves (n = 107) with naturally occurring helminth infections were used in a series of 3 controlled experiments to study the anthelmintic activity of a new pour-on formulation of levamisole. in the 1st experiment, the efficacy of a single treatment of levamisole pour-on at a rate of 10 mg/kg of body weight was determined, using a placebo pour-on in a similar volume as a control. in the 2nd experiment, calves were treated with levamisole pour-on at doses 0 (nontreated control), 7.5, 10, ... | 1984 | 6377988 |
| efficacy of avermectin b1a for treatment of experimentally induced nematode infections in cattle. | two formulations of avermectin b1a, c-076 and mk-933, were examined for anthelmintic activity in two trials, each using 20 calves with experimentally produced nematode infections. in one trial, c-076 was given orally, and in the other trial, mk-933 was given by injection at dosages of 50, 100, and 200 micrograms/kg of body weight. treated calves were held for 7 to 8 days and then, together with nontreated controls, were euthanatized and were examined for nematodes in their gastrointestinal tract ... | 1980 | 6449894 |
| efficacy of fenbendazole against inhibited larvae of ostertagia ostertagi in yearling cattle. | efficacy of fenbendazole, at doses of 7.5 and 10.0 mg/kg of body weight, against inhibited early 4th-stage larvae of ostertagia ostertagi and other nematodes of the abomasum and intestinal tract, was investigated in naturally infected yearling heifers in late may 1982. in louisiana, this is near the end of the period (march to may) in which maximal numbers of inhibition-prone larvae are acquired. the mean numbers of o ostertagi in 10 untreated control cattle were: adults, 4,880; developing 4th-s ... | 1984 | 6497097 |
| gastro-intestinal nematodes of fallow deer (dama dama l.) in germany. | worm counts were done in 49 gastro-intestinal tracts of fallow deer from two german enclosures. the mean worm burden was 592 worms. it was significantly higher in calves than in older animals. sixteen different nematode species were identified. spiculopteragia asymmetrica, ostertagia leptospicularis, o. ostertagi, rinadia mathevossiani, oesophagostomum radiatum and o. venulosum were the most frequently occurring species. | 1984 | 6543050 |
| efficacy of ivermectin in oral paste formulation against immature gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes in cattle. | the anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin in oral paste formulation was evaluated against the 4th-stage larvae of 8 gastrointestinal nematodes and the common lung-worm in 14 experimentally inoculated calves. two groups consisting of 7 calves each were formed by restricted randomization on body weight. the infective larvae were given orally to the animals on a staggered schedule so that the parasites were in the 4th larval stage when the animals were treated. one group was given vehicle paste, and ... | 1984 | 6547278 |
| seasonal variation in anthelmintic response by cattle to dermally applied levamisole. | four experiments in 1978-79, and 2 in 1982 designed to define the optimum dose rate of dermally applied formulations of levamisole are described. these experiments showed that the absorption of levamisole with resultant blood levels and anthelmintic activity is strongly influenced by temperature. in warm to hot conditions percutaneous absorption is rapid and high blood levels with high anthelmintic activity against haemonchus placei, ostertagi sp, trichostrongylus sp, cooperia sp, oesophagostomu ... | 1983 | 6615369 |
| the in vitro cultivation of oesophagostomum radiatum, the nodular worm of cattle. iii. effects of bovine heme on development to adults. | high numbers of advanced stages of oesophagostomum radiatum developed from exsheathed, infective larvae in complex, cell-free medium api-1, with or without the addition of glutathione (reduced) or a bovine heme in the form of "unbound" hemin or the bound hemin component of fildes' reagent (a peptic digest of defibrinated bovine blood). based on culture periods of 28 to 52 days, o. radiatum larvae developed to fourth molt in medium api-1, with and without a bovine heme compound. however, in mediu ... | 1983 | 6631629 |
| persistent anthelmintic effect of ivermectin in cattle. | the persistent anthelmintic effect of ivermectin given subcutaneously at 200 mcg/kg was evaluated against induced infections of haemonchus placei, ostertagia ostertagi, cooperia spp. (c. pectinata and c. punctata), bunostomum phlebotomum and oesophagostomum radiatum in cattle. forty-four friesian bull calves raised under worm-free conditions were restrictively randomized to one untreated control group and 3 ivermectin treated groups of equal size according to mass. animals in the different treat ... | 1983 | 6689429 |
| oesophagostomum radiatum: glucose metabolism of larvae grown in vitro and adults grown in vivo. | larval stages of oesophagostomum radiatum grown in vitro and adults grown in vivo were incubated in complex media or in a simple salt solution containing radioactive glucose. glucose disappearance and end product accumulation of third-stage larvae in a simple salt solution indicated that they excreted co2 and acetic, propionic, and lactic acids. larvae in third molt, fourth stage, and adults all excreted co2, acetic, propionic, and lactic acids at twice the rate of third-stage larvae plus an add ... | 1983 | 6832278 |
| anthelmintic activities of ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle. | the anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin, a combined solution of the b1a and b1b fractions of avermectin, was assessed in a controlled trial. twenty-four yearling calves experiencing naturally acquired, clinical gastrointestinal helminthiasis were evenly divided on the basis of weight into two 12-animal groups. the medicated group was given (subcutaneously) ivermectin at the dose rate of 200 microgram/kg of body weight. the control animals were given the vehicle alone, at an equivalent rate. all ... | 1981 | 6895007 |
| anthelmintic efficacy of 22,23-dihydroavermectin b1 against gastrointestinal nematodes in calves. | anthelmintic activities of 22,23-dihydroavermectin b1 (comprised to greater than or equal to 95% 22,23-dihydroavermectin b1a and less than or equal to 5% 22,23-dihydroavermectin b1b) against gastrointestinal nematodes in calves were evaluated in 2 controlled experiments. infective larvae of haemonchus contortus, ostertagia ostertagi, trichostrongylus axei, t colubriformis, cooperia oncophora, and c punctate were given to 11-week-old calves and oesophagostomum radiatum had been given 21 days earl ... | 1981 | 6895285 |
| anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin against immature gastrointestinal pulmonary nematodes of calves. | anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin (greater than or equal to 80% 22,23-dihydroavermectin b1a and less than or equal to 20% 22,23-dihydroavermectin b1b) was evaluated in a controlled experiment against immature nematodes. twenty calves raised to about 8 weeks of age under nematode-free conditions were allocated into 4 groups. infective larvae of haemonchus contortus, ostertagia ostertagi, trichostrongylus axei, t colubriformis, cooperia oncophora, c punctata, oesophagostomum radiatum, and dictyo ... | 1981 | 6896121 |
| evaluation of albendazole in cattle naturally infected with nematodes. | albendazole (7.5 mg/kg of body weight) was given to 10 calves naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. ten similar calves served as controls. the compound provided 99% to 100% efficacy in removing haemonchus placei, ostertagia ostertagi, trichostrongylus axei, t colubriformis, nematodirus spathiger, n helvetianus, n filicollis, cooperia oncophora, c punctata, and oesophagostomum radiatum. | 1982 | 7073074 |
| use of oxfendazole against natural infestations of haemonchus placei, cooperia punctata, cooperia pectinata and oesophagostomum radiatum in calves. | | 1982 | 7123665 |
| anthelmintic efficacy of febantel against gastrointestinal helminths in calves. | three dosage levels of febantel were tested for anthelmintic activities in calves under field conditions. a total of 20 feeder calves affected with naturally occurring gastrointestinal parasites were used in the controlled test. the calves were allotted to 4 groups of 5 each on the basis of degree of parasitism, body weight, age, and sex. calves in groups ii through iv were treated with febantel paste formulation at dosage levels of 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/kg of body weight; calves in group i were use ... | 1982 | 7165174 |
| the seasonal incidence of helminth parasites of cattle in the eastern transvaal lowveld. | two helminth-free tracer calves were exposed to natural helminth infestation of a farm in the eastern transvaal lowveld for one month. on a nearby farm calves grazed with the herd for at least 3 months before slaughter so that the cumulative worm burden could be determined. the gastro-intestinal parasites increased markedly after rain. the major species and order or prevalence were: cooperia pectinata, cooperia punctata, haemonchus placei and oesophagostomum radiatum; minor species were bunostom ... | 1982 | 7175905 |
| oxfendazole: anthelmintic activity in calves artificially infected with six species of nematodes and in calves naturally infested with tapeworms. | in a series of 5 trials, in which 115 artificially infected calves were used, larval anthelmintic tests were done to assess the activity of oxfendazole at 4, 5 mg/kg against all 3 parasitic stages of 6 species of namatodes. an efficacy of over 98% was demonstrated against the 4th stage larvae (l4), 5th and adult stages of haemonchus placei, ostertagia ostertagi, cooperia pectinata, bunostomum phlebotomum and oesophagostomum radiatum and the 3rd larval stage (l3) of h. placei and c. pectinata. ag ... | 1982 | 7175907 |
| diseases of cattle in the solomon islands. | between 1967 and 1977 a study was made of diseases of cattle in the solomon islands. tuberculosis was found in only 3 herds and was eradicated by 1975. brucellosis serology revealed very few reactors and by 1977 the herds involved were considered free of the disease. significant serological reactions were found to leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, hardjo, autumnalis and jez-bratislava. there was evidence that infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and mucosal disease were present. seventeen par ... | 1980 | 7247885 |