| intraspecific characterization of vibrio tapetis strains by use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, ribotyping, and plasmid profiling. | a total of twenty-two strains of vibrio tapetis, the causative agent of brown ring disease affecting cultured clams, were compared and evaluated in an investigation of strain heterogeneity using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), ribotyping, and plasmid profile analysis. a total of 90.9% of v. tapetis strains tested by using noti showed the same pfge pattern, consisting of 15 bands. in contrast, the v. tapetis strains showed a low degree of similarity with six reference vibrio species test ... | 1997 | 9097443 |
| characterization and infectivity of four bacterial strains isolated from brown ring disease-affected clams | four bacterial strains isolated from carpet-shell clams (ruditapes decussatus) and manila clams (r. philippinarum) exhibiting brown ring disease (brd) symptoms in galicia (northwest of spain) were characterized using biochemical and serological techniques. moreover their pathogenicity for clams and resistance against clam hemolymph were determined. all of the vibrio isolates exhibited biochemical characteristics typical of the genus. strains gr1703rp and gr6301rp, isolated from r. philippinarum ... | 1998 | 9446735 |
| vibrio pectenicida sp. nov., a pathogen of scallop (pecten maximus) larvae. | five strains were isolated from moribund scallop (pecten maximus) larvae over 5 years (1990-1995) during outbreaks of disease in a hatchery (argenton, brittany, france). their pathogenic activity on scallop larvae was previously demonstrated by experimental exposure. the phenotypic and genotypic features of the strains were identical. the g + c content of the strains was in the range 39-41 mol%. dna-dna hybridization showed a minimum of 73% intragroup relatedness. phylogenetic analysis of small- ... | 1998 | 9731288 |
| isolation of the pathogen vibrio tapetis and defense parameters in brown ring diseased manila clams ruditapes philippinarum cultivated in england. | the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum was introduced for aquacultural purposes to europe in the 1970s. in 1987, brown ring disease (brd), caused by vibrio tapetis, appeared in clams cultivated in brouënou (finistère, france) and later became increasingly widespread and was reported in cultivated and wild clams existing on the atlantic coasts of france and spain. the present study reports, for the first time, the presence of brd in clams cultivated in england. the etiologic bacterium was isolat ... | 2000 | 10918978 |
| alterations in hemolymph and extrapallial fluid parameters in the manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum, challenged with the pathogen vibrio tapetis. | in a recent study, we demonstrated the presence of defense factors, competent hemocytes and high enzymatic activities (peptidases, hydrolases, lytic, etc.), in the extrapallial fluid, located between the mantle and the shell, of the manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum. in europe, this species is affected by brown ring disease, an epizootic disease caused by the bacterium vibrio tapetis. the present work focused on the effect of the development of the disease on cellular and humoral defense para ... | 2000 | 10963405 |
| modulation of the chemiluminescence response of mediterranean mussel (mytilus galloprovincialis) haemocytes. | the influence of several factors on the chemiluminescence (cl) activity of haemocytes from the mediterranean mussel (mytilus galloprovincialis) was studied. haemocytes were stimulated in vitro with different concentrations of zymosan, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma) and lipopolysaccharide (lps) (adding superoxide dismutase, sod, to the zymosan-stimulated haemocytes in order to test the specificity of the reaction). the in vitro effect of the clam pathogens vibrio tapetis (bacteria) and a p ... | 2000 | 11081438 |
| haemocyte parameters associated with resistance to brown ring disease in ruditapes spp. clams. | brown ring disease (brd) is a shell disease caused by vibrio tapetis. this pathogen disturbs the periostracal lamina causing the appearance of a brown conchiolin deposit on the inner face of the shell, within the extrapallial space. although differences in resistance to brd have been documented, their relationship to possible defense functions has never been investigated. in this study, flow cytometry was used to analyze cellular parameters in asymptomatic and experimentally infected ruditapes p ... | 2001 | 11356217 |
| pathogenicity of vibrio tapetis, the etiological agent of brown ring disease in clams. | brown ring disease (brd) causes high mortalities in the introduced manila clam ruditapes philippinarum cultured in western europe. the etiological agent of brd, vibrio tapetis, adheres to and disrupts the production of the periostracal lamina, causing the anomalous deposition of periostracum around the inner shell. because the primary sign of brd is found outside the soft tissues, the processes leading to death are not as obvious as those for internal pathogens. this study was designed to evalua ... | 2002 | 12033709 |
| comparison of ribotyping, randomly amplified polymorphic dna, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for molecular typing of vibrio tapetis. | brown ring disease, caused by vibrio tapetis, is an important pathological problem in different species of cultured clams. in order to evaluate the genetic diversity of the pathogen, twenty-seven isolates of v tapetis with different origin were screened by ribotyping (rt), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and randomly amplified polymorphic dna pcr (rapd). restriction with pvuii, sali, and smai gave 2 rt patterns, differentiating in all cases the strain 0202rd isolated from carpet-shell cl ... | 2002 | 12583715 |
| nitric oxide production by carpet shell clam (ruditapes decussatus) hemocytes. | we have demonstrated that carpet shell clam (ruditapes decussatus) hemocytes produce nitric oxide (no) in response to zymosan or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps). this no production was partially inhibited by the no synthase inhibitor, n-omega-nitro-l-arginine (l-name). the capability of clam hemocytes to produce no in response to the bacterial pathogen vibrio tapetis was also studied. incubation with bacteria induced a significant no production by clam hemocytes, even though exogenous no only ... | 2003 | 12590971 |
| characterization by restriction fragment length polymorphism and plasmid profiling of vibrio tapetis strains. | a total of nine vibrio tapetis strains acquired from france, the united kingdom and norway were studied for their plasmid content. all the isolates contained from two to four large plasmids, ranging from approximately 60 to 100 kpb. in size. these plasmids were subsequently subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (rflp). using the ecori enzyme, three different restriction patterns were demonstrated, two of which were closely related. on the basis of rflp patterns, the stra ... | 2003 | 12964185 |
| salinity effects on immune parameters of ruditapes philippinarum challenged with vibrio tapetis. | the occurrence of brown ring disease (brd) in farmed manila clams ruditapes philippinarum is seasonal. development of the disease is believed to require the presence of the infective agent vibrio tapetis and particular environmental conditions. this paper studies the effect of salinity (20 to 40 per thousand) on measurable immune parameters of manila clams, and the progression of brd in experimentally infected individuals. at 20 per thousand salinity, the total haemocyte count was reduced and di ... | 2003 | 14667037 |
| reduction of adhesion properties of ruditapes philippinarum hemocytes exposed to vibrio tapetis. | vibrio tapetis is the causative agent of brown ring disease (brd), which affects a species of clam, ruditapes philippinarum. after incubation with v. tapetis, hemocytes lose filopods and become rounded, indicating cytotoxic activity of the bacterium. to rapidly quantify this cytotoxicity, a flow-cytometry test was developed based on the capacity of v. tapetis to inhibit adhesion of clam hemocytes to plastic. several bacteria:hemocyte ratios, the cytotoxicity of other vibrio spp. pathogenic to bi ... | 2003 | 14735928 |
| effect of temperature on defense parameters in manila clam ruditapes philippinarum challenged with vibrio tapetis. | brown ring disease (brd), a vibriosis affecting the clam ruditapes philippinarum, is present on the atlantic coasts of western europe and is considered to be a cold water disease. the present work investigated the effect of temperature on immune response and its relationships with brd development. clams maintained at different temperatures (8, 14 and 21 degrees c) were experimentally challenged with the pathogen vibrio tapetis, the etiologic agent of brd. results demonstrated significant effects ... | 2004 | 15264721 |
| effects of the pathogenic vibrio tapetis on defence factors of susceptible and non-susceptible bivalve species: ii. cellular and biochemical changes following in vivo challenge. | this work compared the effect of challenge with vibrio tapetis, the etiologic agent of brown ring disease (brd) in clams, and other bacterial strains on defence-related factors in four bivalve species: ruditapes philippinarum (highly susceptible to brd), r. decussatus (slightly susceptible to brd), mercenaria mercenaria and crassostrea virginica (both non-susceptible to brd). results show that bacterial challenge modulated defence-related factors, namely total and differential haemocyte counts, ... | 2006 | 16005645 |
| effects of the pathogenic vibrio tapetis on defence factors of susceptible and non-susceptible bivalve species: i. haemocyte changes following in vitro challenge. | in microbial infections, the interaction between microorganisms and phagocytic cells is a crucial determinant in the outcome of the disease process. we used flow cytometry to study the in vitro interactions between vibrio tapetis, the bacterium responsible for brown ring disease (brd) in the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum, and haemocytes from three bivalve species: the manila clam (susceptible to brd), the hard clam mercenaria mercenaria and the eastern oyster crassostrea virginica (both no ... | 2006 | 16023865 |
| shell disease: abnormal conchiolin deposit in the abalone haliotis tuberculata. | shell disease in the abalone haliotis tuberculata l. is characterized by a conchiolin deposit on the inner surface of the shell. the gross clinical signs appear similar to the brown ring disease (brd) of clams. brd has been extensively described in clams and is known to be responsible for severe mortalities and the collapse of the clam aquaculture industry in western france. in the clam, it was found to be caused by the infection of the mantle by vibrio tapetis. brown protein deposits have been ... | 2006 | 16610593 |
| molecular fingerprinting of vibrio tapetis strains using three pcr-based methods: eric-pcr, rep-pcr and rapd. | brown ring disease (brd) is a bacterial disease caused by vibrio tapetis which affects cultured clams and causes heavy economic losses. in this study, 28 v. tapetis strains isolated from 5 different hosts were intraspecifically characterized by 3 different polymerase chain reaction- (pcr-) based typing methods: enterobacteria repetitive intergenic consensus (eric)-pcr, repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep)-pcr and randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)-pcr. cluster analysis of genetic profi ... | 2006 | 16724561 |
| the susceptibility of irish-grown and galician-grown manila clams, ruditapes philippinarum, to vibrio tapetis and brown ring disease. | brown ring disease (brd), which affects the manila clam in europe, is caused by the bacterium, vibrio tapetis. brd has been diagnosed in ireland on only one occasion (1997) although the aetiological agent has recently been detected in apparently healthy manila clams from a number of sites around the irish coast. the present work investigated the susceptibilities to brd of two stocks of manila clams, one from ireland and the second from galicia, north-western spain, where brd has been reported on ... | 2007 | 17296205 |
| noble tandem-repeat galectin of manila clam ruditapes philippinarum is induced upon infection with the protozoan parasite perkinsus olseni. | the galectin family of lectins plays crucial roles in the innate immunity systems of vertebrates and invertebrates. noble galectin (mcgal) was cloned from the marine invertebrate ruditapes philippinarum and characterized. this protein has an open reading frame of 918 nucleotides, with 309 amino acid residues, and a predicted molecular weight of 33.9kda. similar to other galectins, mcgal has neither a signal peptide nor a transmembrane domain, but it contains tandemly repeated carbohydrate recogn ... | 2008 | 18440068 |
| pathology survey of the short-neck clam ruditapes philippinarum occurring on sandy tidal flats along the coast of ariake bay, kyushu, japan. | the pathological condition of the short-neck clam ruditapes philippinarum was surveyed along the coast of kumamoto, japan, in june 2004. dna sequences of the non-transcribed spacer region and internal transcribed spacer region flanking 5.8s rrna identified perkinsus olseni among the clams. ray's fluid thioglycollate medium assay indicated that 96.7% of the clams surveyed from the kiguchi river tidal flat (native clams, stn kr-n) and 96.7% of the clams surveyed from the midori river tidal flat (s ... | 2008 | 18602398 |
| djla, a membrane-anchored dnaj-like protein, is required for cytotoxicity of clam pathogen vibrio tapetis to hemocytes. | djla is an inner membrane cochaperone belonging to the dnaj family, which has been shown to be involved in legionella sp. pathogenesis. in this study, we explored the role of this protein in the physiology and virulence of vibrio tapetis, the etiological agent of brown ring disease (brd) in manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum). analysis of the djla locus in v. tapetis revealed a putative organization in an operon with a downstream gene that we designated duf924(vt), which encodes a conserved pr ... | 2008 | 18641167 |
| characterization, tissue expression, and immunohistochemical localization of mcl3, a c-type lectin produced by perkinsus olseni-infected manila clams (ruditapes philippinarum). | a novel c-type lectin designated manila clam lectin 3 (mcl3), with a molecular weight of 17.380kda, was identified among haemocyte expressed sequence tags of perkinsus olseni-infected manila clams. mcl3 was expressed in escherichia coli m15 cells and purified with a ni-nta his-binding resin matrix. mcl3 agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes in the presence of ca(+2). mcl3-induced agglutination was partially inhibited by galnac, man, lactose, and raffinose, whereas the polysaccharides bovine mucin typ ... | 2008 | 18721887 |
| vibrio tapetis-like strain isolated from introduced manila clams ruditapes philippinarum showing symptoms of brown ring disease in norway. | the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum was introduced to norway in 1987 and was produced in 2 hatcheries until 1991. clam seed was planted at 6 sites. two sites were on the island of tysnes, south of bergen. surviving adult manila clams were recovered in 1995 and 1996. in the present study, manila clams from the original seeding that displayed morphological signs of brown ring disease (brd) were recovered in june 2003 (n=7) and in june 2004 (n=17). samples from extrapallial fluid, tissues and h ... | 2008 | 18924380 |
| clam shell repair from the brown ring disease: a study of the organic matrix using confocal raman micro-spectrometry and wds microprobe. | since 1987, the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum has been regularly affected by the brown ring disease (brd), an epizootic caused by the bacterium vibrio tapetis. this disease is characterized by the development of a brown deposit on the inner face of valves. while most of the clams die from the brd infection, some of them are able to recover by mineralizing a new repair shell layer, which covers the brown deposit by a process of encapsulation. the purpose of this work was to study the organi ... | 2010 | 19838689 |
| interactive effects of metal contamination and pathogenic organisms on the marine bivalve cerastoderma edule. | the present study evaluated the interactive effects of cadmium contamination and pathogenic organisms (trematodes himasthla elongata and bacteria vibrio tapetis) singularly and in combination during 7 days on the bivalve cerastoderma edule. some defense-related activities were analyzed such as genetic expression, metallothionein and immune responses. trematode metacercarial infection, similar whatever the treatment, induced the strongest responses of immune parameters. particularly, the interact ... | 2010 | 20031177 |
| resistance to brown ring disease in the manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum: a study of selected stocks showing a recovery process by shell repair. | european stocks of the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum are affected by the brown ring disease (brd), which is caused by vibrio tapetis. brd is characterized by an accumulation of a brown organic matrix on the inner face of the shell. clams that recover from brd develop a white mineralized layer covering the brown matrix. stocks of clams that showed resistance to brd development, as enhanced recovery, have been monitored since 2000. we have examined two selected stocks: a low susceptibility ( ... | 2010 | 20035765 |
| characterization of vibrio tapetis strains isolated from diseased cultured wedge sole (dicologoglossa cuneata moreau). | the first isolation of vibrio tapetis from wedge sole (dicologoglossa cuneata) is reported. the bacterium was recovered from ulcers of ailing cultured fish, from two different outbreaks occurred in spring 2005. the four isolates found (a200, a201, a204 and a255) were biochemically, genetically and serologically characterized and diagnosis was confirmed by pcr v. tapetis specific primers and multilocus sequencing analysis (mlsa). the isolates constituted a homogeneous phenotypic and genotypic gro ... | 2011 | 20557916 |
| interactive effects of metal contamination and pathogenic organisms on the introduced marine bivalve ruditapes philippinarum in european populations. | in natural environment, marine organisms are concomitantly exposed to pollutants and multiple disease agents resulting in detrimental interactions. the present study evaluated interactive effects of metal contamination (cadmium) and pathogenic organisms (trematode parasites himasthla elongata and pathogenic bacteria vibrio tapetis) singularly and in combination on the bivalve ruditapes philippinarum, an introduced species to europe, under laboratory controlled conditions. after 7 days, metal bio ... | 2010 | 20800936 |
| expression and localization of mcsialec, a sialic acid-specific lectin in the marine bivalve manila clam, ruditapes philppinarum. | a novel sialic acid-specific lectin (mcsialec) was detected from an expressed sequenced tag (est) sequence from manila clam haemocytes infected with perkinsus olseni. the cdna of the lectin was cloned using gene-specific primers based on a previously determined est and characterized. the full-length cdna of mcsialec is 603 bp in length and encodes a polypeptide of 200 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 21.928 kda. sequence alignment and protein motif analyses showed that mcsialec sh ... | 2010 | 21039608 |
| variability of shell repair in the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum affected by the brown ring disease: a microstructural and biochemical study. | for more than two decades, the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum has been regularly affected by brown ring disease (brd), an epizootic event caused by the bacterium vibrio tapetis and characterized by the development of a brown deposit on the inner face of valves. although brd infection is often lethal, some clams recover by mineralizing a new repair shell layer, which covers the brown deposit and fully isolates it from living tissues. in order to understand this specific shell repair process, ... | 2010 | 21168415 |
| evidence for the role of horizontal transfer in generating pvt1, a large mosaic conjugative plasmid from the clam pathogen, vibrio tapetis. | the marine bacterium vibrio tapetis is the causative agent of the brown ring disease, which affects the clam ruditapes philippinarum and causes heavy economic losses in north of europe and in eastern asia. further characterization of v. tapetis isolates showed that all the investigated strains harbored at least one large plasmid. we determined the sequence of the 82,266 bp plasmid pvt1 from the cect4600(t) reference strain and analyzed its genetic content. pvt1 is a mosaic plasmid closely relate ... | 2011 | 21326607 |
| mineral phase in shell repair of manila clam venerupis philippinarum affected by brown ring disease. | the mineral phase of shell repair in the manila clam venerupis philippinarum affected by brown ring disease (brd) was characterised at various scales and at various stages of shell repair by confocal raman microspectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. spherulitic and quadrangular aragonite microstructures associated with polyene pigments were clearly observed. von kossa staining showed that at the beginning of shell repair, hemocytes are filled with insoluble calcium carbonate salts in all ... | 2011 | 21381521 |
| evaluation of different species-specific pcr protocols for the detection of vibrio tapetis. | in this study the specificity and sensitivity of three primer pairs, jvt1-jvt2, vtf-vtr and vtkf-vtkr, for the detection of vibrio tapetis were evaluated in parallel using 23 v. tapetis strains isolated from different mollusc and fish species and with different geographical origin, as well as 29 representatives of related vibrio species. the three primer pairs amplified all the v. tapetis strains, regardless of their host or geographical origin. however, with primer sets vtf-vtr and vtkf-vtkr am ... | 2011 | 21771598 |
| cytosolic thioredoxin from ruditapes philippinarum: molecular cloning, characterization, expression and dna protection activity of the recombinant protein. | thioredoxin (trx) is a small redox protein that plays significant roles in protection against oxidative stress and in cell homeostasis by maintaining oxidized proteins in a reduced state. here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a full-length trx cdna sequence from manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum and named it as rptrx. the full length sequence consists of 1416bp with an open reading frame of 318bp encoding for 106 amino acids. rptrx protein harbors evolutionarily-conserved tr ... | 2011 | 21740925 |
| characterization of a novel molluscan myd88 family protein from manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum. | myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88) is a universal adaptor protein which is required for signal transduction of tlr/il-1r family. in this study, a novel molluscan myd88 family member protein (named as rpmyd88) was identified from manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum. it was identified using blast algorithm from gs-flx™ sequencing data. the cdna of rpmyd88 consists of 1416 bp open reading frame (orf) encoding 471 amino acid residues. the rpmyd88 contains death domain and toll/interleukin-1 ... | 2011 | 21846503 |
| cloning and localization of mcdef, a defensin from manila clams (ruditapes philippinarum). | a defensin-like peptide was previously detected in hemocytes of manila clams (ruditapes philippinarum). in the current study, we cloned and characterized this defensin, designated mcdef. cloning produced a full-length gene sequence of 201 bp predicted to encode a 66-amino-acid precursor protein maturing to a 44-amino-acid residue. amino acid sequence analysis showed that mcdef is similar to defensins from marine mollusks and ticks. phylogenetic analysis suggested that mcdef is closely related to ... | 2012 | 21945146 |
| involvement of nitric oxide in the in vitro interaction between manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum, hemocytes and the bacterium vibrio tapetis. | the manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum can become infected by the bacterium vibrio tapetis which causing the brown ring disease along north european atlantic coasts. variations in clam immune parameters have been reported in clam challenged with v. tapetis but no studies have been done on nitric oxide (no) production. no is a toxic agent to pathogens produced mostly by immune cells such as hemocytes in invertebrates. in this study, we demonstrated that no production in hemolymph and extrapalli ... | 2011 | 22019825 |
| Proteomics and multilocus sequence analysis confirm intraspecific variability of Vibrio tapetis. | Vibrio tapetis is the etiological agent of brown ring disease (BRD) in clams. Phenotypic, antigenic and genetic variability have been demonstrated, with three groups being established associated with host origin. In this work we analyze the variability of representative strains of these three groups, CECT 4600(T) and GR0202RD, isolated from Manila clam and carpet-shell clam, respectively, and HH6087, isolated from halibut, on the basis of the whole proteome analysis by 2D-PAGE and multilocus seq ... | 2011 | 22092767 |
| a novel molluscan sigma-like glutathione s-transferase from manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum: cloning, characterization and transcriptional profiling. | glutathione s-transferases (gsts) are versatile enzymes, act as primary intracellular detoxifiers and contribute to a broad range of physiological processes including cellular defense. in this study, a full-length cdna representing a novel sigma-like gst was identified from manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum (rpgstσ). rpgstσ (884bp) was found to possess an open reading frame of 609bp. the encoded polypeptide (203 amino acids) had a predicted molecular mass of 23.21kda and an isoelectric point ... | 2012 | 22245757 |
| mitochondrial thioredoxin-2 from manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum) is a potent antioxidant enzyme involved in antibacterial response. | thioredoxin (trx) is a ubiquitous protein involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes. the trx-2 isoform is exclusively expressed in mitochondria, where it contributes to mitochondrial redox state maintenance. in the present study, a novel thioredoxin-2 gene was identified in the manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum. the full-length sequence of rptrx-2 (1561bp) consists of a 498bp coding region encoding a 166 amino acid protein. the n-terminal region of rptrx-2 harbors a mitochon ... | 2012 | 22248533 |
| characterization of the secretomes of two vibrios pathogenic to mollusks. | vibrio tapetis causes the brown ring disease in the japanese clam ruditapes philippinarum while vibrio aestuarianus is associated with massive oyster mortalities. as extracellular proteins are often associated with the virulence of pathogenic bacteria, we undertook a proteomic approach to characterize the secretomes of both vibrios. the extracellular proteins (ecps) of both species were fractionated by sec-fplc and in vitro assays were performed to measure the effects of each fraction on hemocyt ... | 2014 | 25401495 |
| antimicrobial response of galectin-1 from rock bream oplegnathus fasciatus: molecular, transcriptional, and biological characterization. | in this study, we describe the identification and characterization of a proto type galectin, galectin-1, from rock bream oplegnathus fasciatus (ofgal-1). galectins are evolutionarily conserved carbohydrate binding lectins that show a wide range of functions related to development and immune physiology. they have been identified as pattern recognition receptors of innate immune system that recognize a broad range of microbes. ofgal-1 cdna comprised of 993 bp with an open reading frame of 408 bp t ... | 2016 | 26792759 |
| a galectin related protein from oplegnathus fasciatus: genomic, molecular, transcriptional features and biological responses against microbial pathogens. | galectins, a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins, are pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and are subsequently involved in the opsonization, phagocytosis, complement activation, and killing of microbes. here, we report a novel galectin related protein (grp) identified from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus), designated ofgal like b. the cdna of ofgal like b is 517 bp with an open reading frame (orf) of 438 bp, encoding 145 amino acids, with a s ... | 2016 | 26615008 |
| expression profile of cystatin b ortholog from manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum) in host pathology with respect to its structural and functional properties. | cystatins are a well-characterized group of cysteine protease inhibitors, which play crucial roles in physiology and immunity. in the present study, an invertebrate ortholog of cystatin b was identified in manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum) (rpcytb) and characterized at the molecular level, demonstrating its inhibitory activity against the well-known cysteine protease, papain. the complete coding sequence of rpcytb (297 bp in length) encodes a 99 amino acid peptide with a calculated molecular ... | 2013 | 23528873 |
| ferritin h-like subunit from manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum): molecular insights as a potent player in host antibacterial defense. | ferritins are iron chelating proteins, which involve in iron metabolism and sequestration, contributing to the iron homeostasis in living organisms. in the present study, one ferritin subunit which was identified as h-like subunit was completely characterized in cdna and protein levels from manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum); (rpfeh). the full length cdna of rpfeh was 776 bp and it consisted of open reading frame of 513 bp, encoding a 171 amino acid peptide with a calculated molecular mass of ... | 2012 | 23198293 |
| first molluscan theta-class glutathione s-transferase: identification, cloning, characterization and transcriptional analysis post immune challenges. | glutathione s-transferases (gsts) are multifunctional cytosolic isoenzymes, distinctly known as phase ii detoxification enzymes. gsts play a significant role in cellular defense against toxicity and have been identified in nearly all organisms studied to date, from bacteria to mammals. in this study, we have identified a full-length cdna of the theta class gst from ruditapes philippinarum (rpgstθ), an important commercial edible molluscan species. rpgstθ was cloned and the recombinant protein ex ... | 2012 | 22390916 |
| amoebic gill disease outbreak in marine fish cultured in korea. | in 2015, 6.7-60% mortality was observed in black seabream ( acanthopagrus schlegelii), rock bream ( oplegnathus fasciatus), and gray mullet ( mugil cephalus) farmed in the southern coast of korea. on examination, numerous amoebae were found on the gills of these 3 fish species with detection rate of 100%. some rock bream and gray mullet were coinfected with bacteria ( pseudomonas anguilliseptica, vibrio tapetis, or vibrio anguillarum). histologic examination revealed extensive hyperplastic epith ... | 2017 | 28205457 |
| vibrio cortegadensis sp. nov., isolated from clams. | a group of four strains isolated from clams (venerupis decussata and venerupis philippinarum) in galicia (nw spain) were subjected to a polyphasic characterization, based on the phenotypic characteristics, the analysis of chemotaxonomic features, the sequencing of the 16s rrna and five housekeeping (atpa, pyrh, reca, rpoa and rpod) genes, as well as dna-dna hybridization (ddh). the analysis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and the results of a phylogenetic study, based on the ... | 2014 | 24271473 |
| ancient dna analysis identifies marine mollusc shells as new metagenomic archives of the past. | marine mollusc shells enclose a wealth of information on coastal organisms and their environment. their life history traits as well as (palaeo-) environmental conditions, including temperature, food availability, salinity, and pollution, can be traced through the analysis of their shell (micro-) structure and biogeochemical composition. adding to this list the dna entrapped in shell carbonate biominerals potentially offers a novel and complementary proxy both for reconstructing palaeoenvironment ... | 2017 | 28394451 |
| isolation of vibrio tapetis from two native fish species (genypterus chilensis and paralichthys adspersus) reared in chile and description of vibrio tapetis subsp. quintayensis subsp. nov. | a group of seven chilean isolates presumptively belonging to vibrio tapetis was isolated from diseased fine flounders (paralichthys adspersus) and red conger eel (genypterus chilensis) experimentally reared in quintay (chile). all isolates were confirmed as members of v. tapetis on the basis of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight ms, 16s rrna gene sequencing, dna-dna hybridization values and g+c content. the eric-pcr and rep-pcr patterns were homogeneous among those isolat ... | 2017 | 27902301 |
| metabolic responses of clam ruditapes philippinarum exposed to its pathogen vibrio tapetis in relation to diet. | we investigated the effect of brown ring disease (brd) development and algal diet on energy reserves and activity of enzymes related to energy metabolism, antioxidant system and immunity in manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum. we found that algal diet did not impact the metabolic response of clams exposed to vibrio tapetis. at two days post-injection (dpi), activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (gpx) decreased whereas activities of nitric oxide synthase (inos) and catala ... | 2016 | 26921670 |
| development of a taqman real-time pcr assay for rapid detection and quantification of vibrio tapetis in extrapallial fluids of clams. | the gram-negative bacterium vibrio tapetis is known as the causative agent of brown ring disease (brd) in the manila clam venerupis (=ruditapes) philippinarum. this bivalve is the second most important species produced in aquaculture and has a high commercial value. in spite of the development of several molecular methods, no survey has been yet achieved to rapidly quantify the bacterium in the clam. in this study, we developed a taqman real-time pcr assay targeting virb4 gene for accurate and q ... | 2015 | 26713238 |
| vibrio tapetis, the causative agent of brown ring disease, forms biofilms with spherical components. | vibrio tapetis is a marine bacterium causing brown ring disease (brd) in the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum. v. tapetis biofilm formation remains unexplored depite the fact that it might be linked to pathogenicity. our objectives were to characterize the in vitro biofilm formation of v. tapetis and evaluate the effects of culture conditions. biofilm structure and its matrix composition were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. v. tapetis was able ... | 2015 | 26696991 |
| vibrio tapetis isolated from vesicular skin lesions in dover sole solea solea. | vibrio tapetis is primarily known as the causative agent for brown ring disease in bivalves, although it has been isolated from cultivated fish during mortalities on farms. here we describe the first isolation of v. tapetis from wild-caught and subsequently captive-held dover sole solea solea. pathological features consisted of multifocal circular greyish-white skin discolourations evolving into vesicular lesions and subsequent ulcerations on the pigmented side. on the non-pigmented side, multip ... | 2015 | 26119302 |
| immune responses of phenoloxidase and superoxide dismutase in the manila clam venerupis philippinarum challenged with vibrio tapetis--part ii: combined effect of temperature and two v. tapetis strains. | manila clams, venerupis philippinarum (adams and reeve, 1850), were experimentally infected with two different bacterial strains and challenged with two different temperatures. bacterial strains used in this study were vibrio tapetis strain cect4600(t), the causative agent of brown ring disease (brd) and v. tapetis strain lp2, supposed less virulent to v. philippinarum. v. tapetis is considered to proliferate at low temperatures, i.e. under 21 °c. in a global warming context we could hypothesize ... | 2015 | 25655330 |
| immune responses of phenoloxidase and superoxide dismutase in the manila clam venerupis philippinarum challenged with vibrio tapetis--part i: spatio-temporal evolution of enzymes' activities post-infection. | manila clams, venerupis philippinarum (adams and reeve, 1850), were experimentally challenged with two vibrio tapetis strains: cect4600t, the causative agent of brown ring disease (brd); and lp2 supposedly non-pathogenic in v. philippinarum. changes in phenoloxidase (po) and superoxide dismutase (sod), two major enzymes involved in immunity, were studied in two tissues, the mantle and hemolymph for 30 days after infection in the extrapallial cavity. bacterial infection in v. philippinarum result ... | 2015 | 25449703 |
| antibiofilm activity of the marine bacterium pseudoalteromonas sp. 3j6 against vibrio tapetis, the causative agent of brown ring disease. | vibrio tapetis cect4600 is a pathogenic gram-negative bacterium causing the brown ring disease in the manila clam ruditapes philippinarum. this vibriosis is induced by bacterial attachment on the periostracal lamina, yielding a decalcification of the bivalve shell. as in many bacterial species, pathogenesis is likely related to biofilm formation. the proteinaceous exoproducts of the marine bacterium pseudoalteromonas sp. 3j6 inhibit the formation of biofilm by most of the tested marine bacteria ... | 2015 | 25331987 |
| transcriptional changes in manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum) in response to brown ring disease. | brown ring disease (brd) is a bacterial infection affecting the economically-important clam ruditapes philippinarum. the disease is caused by a bacterium, vibrio tapetis, that colonizes the edge of the mantle, altering the biomineralization process and normal shell growth. altered organic shell matrices accumulate on the inner face of the shell leading to the formation of the typical brown ring in the extrapallial space (between the mantle and the shell). even though structural and functional ch ... | 2014 | 24882017 |
| identification of a novel molluscan short-type peptidoglycan recognition protein in disk abalone (haliotis discus discus) involved in host antibacterial defense. | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps) are a widely studied group of pattern recognition receptors found in invertebrate as well as vertebrate lineages, and are involved in bacterial pathogen sensing. however, in addition to this principal role, they can also function in multiple host defense processes, including cell phagocytosis and hydrolysis of peptidoglycans (pgns). in this study, a novel invertebrate short-type pgrp was identified in disk abalone (haliotis discus discus) designated as ... | 2014 | 24811007 |
| a mu class glutathione s-transferase from manila clam ruditapes philippinarum (rpgstμ): cloning, mrna expression, and conjugation assays. | glutathione s-transferases (gsts) are enzymes that catalyze xenobiotic metabolism in the phase ii detoxification process. gsts have a potential for use as indicators or biomarkers to assess the presence of organic and inorganic contaminants in aquatic environments. in this study, a full-length cdna of a mu (μ) class gst (rpgstμ) was identified from manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum) and biochemically characterized. the 1356 bp of the cdna included an open reading frame of 651 bp encoding a po ... | 2014 | 24704543 |
| disentangling the population structure and evolution of the clam pathogen vibrio tapetis. | vibrio tapetis is a fastidious slow-growing microorganism that causes the brown ring disease in clams. recently, two subspecies for this bacterial pathogen have been proposed. we have developed a multilocus sequence typing scheme and performed evolutionary studies of v. tapetis population using the great majority of isolates of v. tapetis obtained worldwide until now (30 isolates). v. tapetis constitutes a high polymorphic population, showing low diversity indexes and some genetic discontinuity ... | 2014 | 24276536 |
| two molluscan bcl-2 family members from manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum: molecular characterization and immune responses. | apoptosis based immune responses are important component of host defense in mollusks. in this study, we have identified two novel molluscan bcl-2 cdnas from manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum and named as rpbcl-2a and rpbcl-2b. there were four and three highly conserved bcl-2 homology (bh) regions in rpbcl-2a and rpbcl-2b, respectively suggesting these two genes could be different isoforms of anti-apoptotic bcl-2 family. phylogenetic results revealed that manila clam bcl-2 genes were clustered ... | 2013 | 23558058 |
| differential expression of genes involved in immunity and biomineralization during brown ring disease development and shell repair in the manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum. | severe drop in manila clams production in french aquacultured fields since the end of the 1980's is associated to brown ring disease (brd). this disease, caused by the bacteria vibrio tapetis, is characterized by specific symptoms on the inner face of the shell. diseased animals develop conchiolin deposit to enrobe bacteria and form new calcified layers on the shell. suppression subtractive hybridization was performed to identify genes differentially expressed during the early interaction of v. ... | 2013 | 23500956 |
| multilocus sequence analysis of vibrio tapetis, the causative agent of brown ring disease: description of vibrio tapetis subsp. britannicus subsp. nov. | vibrio tapetis is the causative agent of an epizootic infection described in adult clams called brown ring disease (brd). the isolation of the pathogen from different hosts showed strain variability both at serological and genetic level, allowing the description of three major groups related to the host origin of the isolates. in this work we performed for the first time a phylogenetic study for this pathogen. when including the closest related vibrio species, all strains of v. tapetis appeared ... | 2013 | 23394813 |
| immune response-related gene expression profile of a novel molluscan iκb protein member from manila clam (ruditapes philippinarum). | mollusks lack an adaptive immune system and rely solely on the innate immune response. the nuclear factor-kappa b (nf-κb) signaling pathway is one of the most important components of the innate immune system and its activity is regulated by physical interaction with the inhibitor of nf-κb (iκb) protein. the manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum (rp), is a key species of the world's aquaculture industry, and recent pathogenic threats, such as the gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (lps)-expressing v ... | 2013 | 23073780 |
| a manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod) from ruditapes philippinarum: comparative structural- and expressional-analysis with copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (cu/znsod) and biochemical analysis of its antioxidant activities. | superoxide dismutases (sods), antioxidant metalloenzymes, represent the first line of defense in biological systems against oxidative stress caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ros), in particular o(2)(•-). two distinct members of sod family were identified from manila clam ruditapes philippinarum (abbreviated as rpmnsod and rpcu/znsod). the structural analysis revealed all common characteristics of sod family in both rpsods from primary to tertiary levels, including three mnsod signatu ... | 2012 | 22789716 |
| evaluation of different culture media for the isolation and growth of the fastidious vibrio tapetis, the causative agent of brown ring disease. | thirteen culture media were evaluated at two temperatures for the growth and isolation of vibrio tapetis. the bacterium showed similar growth dynamics at 15 °c or 25 °c, being faster at 15 °c regardless the general media employed. best growth of v. tapetis was obtained on agar seawater (aswt) (1.7 × 10(6)cfu/ml), mannitol marine agar (mma) (2.6 × 10(6)cfu/ml), and mannitol trypticase soy agar (mtsa-1) (1.9 × 10(6)cfu/ml), being slightly lower on marine agar (ma) (5.0 × 10(5)cfu/ml). growth was p ... | 2012 | 22781490 |
| transcriptomic analysis of ruditapes philippinarum hemocytes reveals cytoskeleton disruption after in vitro vibrio tapetis challenge. | the manila clam, ruditapes philippinarum, is an economically-important, commercial shellfish; harvests are diminished in some european waters by a pathogenic bacterium, vibrio tapetis, that causes brown ring disease. to identify molecular characteristics associated with susceptibility or resistance to brown ring disease, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) analyzes were performed to construct cdna libraries enriched in up- or down-regulated transcripts from clam immune cells, hemocytes, ... | 2012 | 22450167 |
| two-dimensional proteome reference map of vibrio tapetis, the aetiological agent of brown ring disease in clams. | vibrio tapetis is the etiological agent of brown ring disease (brd) in clams, one of the most threatening diseases affecting this commercially important bivalve. in this study we have constructed a proteome reference map of the v. tapetis type strain cect 4600(t). | 2012 | 22372382 |
| vibrio tapetis from wrasse used for ectoparasite bio-control in salmon farming: phylogenetic analysis and serotyping. | so-called 'cleaner fish', including various wrasse (labridae) species, have become increasingly popular in norwegian salmon farming in recent years for biocontrol of the salmon louse lepeophtheirus salmonis. cleaner fish mortalities in salmon farms are, however, often high. various bacterial agents are frequently associated with episodes of increased cleaner fish mortality, and vibrio tapetis is regularly cultured from diseased wrasse. in the present study, we investigated the genetic relationsh ... | 2017 | 28792417 |