| time courses of thermal acclimation for critical thermal minima in the salamanders desmognathus quadramaculatus, desmognathus monticola, desmognathus ochrophaeus, and plethodon jordani. | 1. we examined the time courses of thermal acclimation for critical thermal minima (ctmin) in the salamanders desmognathus quadramaculatus, d. monticola, d. ochrophaeus, and plethodon jordani. 2. d. quadramaculatus showed no annual differences in their time courses, but we noted seasonal differences in the ctmin with these salamanders having lower ctmin in the spring. 3. gain in ctmin (25 degrees c to 5 degrees c transfer) was faster than its corresponding loss (5 degrees c to 25 degrees c trans ... | 1987 | 2887388 |
| the structure of the brainstem and cervical spinal cord in lungless salamanders (family plethodontidae) and its relation to feeding. | we present an hrp study of the sensory tracts and motor nuclei associated with feeding (especially use of the tongue) in plethodontid salamanders (mainly batrachoseps attenuatus, bolitoglossa subpalmata, desmognathus ochrophaeus, eurycea bislineata, and plethodon jordani). the nerves studied are vii (ramus hyomandibularis only), ix, x, xi, the first spinal nerve (hypoglossus), and the second spinal nerve. two types of sensory projections are universally found in the brainstem: superficial somato ... | 1985 | 4056115 |
| environmental acidification is not associated with altered plasma corticosterone levels in the stream-side salamander, desmognathus ochrophaeus. | as environments become increasingly altered due to anthropogenic factors, interest is growing in how endocrine systems respond to pollution and environmental degradation. glucocorticoid hormones (gcs) are a type of stress hormones that are released upon activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and have widespread effects throughout the body. we tested the hypothesis that exposure to environmental acidification is associated with altered levels of plasma gcs in adult, stream-side all ... | 2014 | 24681152 |
| acute stressors increase plasma corticosterone and decrease locomotor activity in a terrestrial salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus). | vertebrates respond to the onset of an acute stressor with an acute increase in plasma glucocorticoids. the increase in plasma glucocorticoids is believed to be adaptive, helping an animal cope until the stressful episode subsides. although much is known about the effects of chronic elevation of glucocorticoids, far less is known about the role of acute increases in glucocorticoids in mediating stress responses. to better understand the regulation and function of acute increases in plasma glucoc ... | 2010 | 20434476 |
| the reproductive pattern of male dusky salamanders (genus desmognathus) is neither associated nor dissociated. | many seasonally breeding vertebrate species have an associated reproductive pattern: mating behavior, gonadal activity, and peak circulating androgen levels occur simultaneously. in these species, androgens influence the expression of male mating behavior. other species have a dissociated reproductive pattern: mating behavior occurs at a different time than peak gonadal activity. in such species, it is hypothesized that mating behavior is not dependent on androgen levels [crews, d., 1984. gamete ... | 2007 | 17382330 |
| behavioral observations of sexual isolation among allopatric populations of the mountain dusky salamander, desmognathus ochrophaeus. | the behavioral basis of sexual isolation was investigated in 11 crosses staged between individuals from nine allopatric populations of the appalachian mountain dusky salamander, desmognathus ochrophaeus. scan-sampled observations of within-population (homotypic) and between-population (heterotypic) heterosexual encounters yielded the following results. 1) fewer heterotypic encounters than homotypic encounters resulted in insemination of females. indices of the strength of sexual isolation based ... | 1989 | 28564204 |
| treatment with corticosterone delays cutaneous wound healing in male and female salamanders. | in vertebrates, exposure to stressors and stress hormones has a number of physiological effects including modulation of immune function. these effects on immune function have been well studied in mammals, but less is known in other groups, in particular amphibians. to analyze the effects of exposure to stressors and the stress hormone corticosterone, we monitored cutaneous wound healing as a measure of integrated immunity in male and female semi-terrestrial salamanders (desmognathus ochrophaeus) ... | 2015 | 25913258 |
| 5-ht-like immunoreactivity in the brains of plethodontid and salamandrid salamanders (hydromantes italicus, hydromantes genei, plethodon jordani, desmognathus ochrophaeus, pleurodeles waltl): an immunohistochemical and biocytin double-labelling study. | the distribution of 5-ht-like-immunoreactive cell bodies and fibres was studied in the brains of the salamanders hydromantes italicus, h. genei, plethodon jordani, desmognathus ochrophaeus (family plethodontidae), and pleurodeles waltl (family salamandridae). in addition, double-labelling experiments with biocytin were carried out to identify the relationship between serotonergic fibres and neurons involved in the processing of sensory and sensorimotor information. in all species, 5-ht-immunopos ... | 1997 | 9023082 |
| the evolution of asymmetry in sexual isolation: a model and a test case. | we constructed a model for the evolution of sexual isolation by extending lande's (1981) model of sexual selection. the model predicts that asymmetric sexual isolation is a transient phenomenon, characteristic of intermediate stages of divergence in sexually selected traits. unlike the kaneshiro (1976, 1980) proposal, our model does not depend upon drift and the loss of courtship elements to produce asymmetries in sexual isolation. according to our model, the direction of evolution cannot be pre ... | 1996 | 28565275 |
| alarm response by a plethodontid salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus): conspecific and heterospecific "schreckstoff". | the detection of chemical alarm cues plays an important role for predator avoidance in many taxonomic groups, but little is known about the presence of such chemical cues in adult or caudate amphibians. we investigated the response (i.e., aversion or nonaversion) to chemical cues from damaged salamander skin and mealworms (tenebrio molitor) in the plethodontid salamander,desmognathus ochrophaeus. avoidance responses were demonstrated to skin extracts of both conspecific and heterospecific salama ... | 1994 | 24241913 |
| plasma androgen levels, spermatogenesis, and secondary sexual characteristics in two species of plethodontid salamanders with dissociated reproductive patterns. | in the summer of 1991 (late may to early september), i measured seasonal levels of plasma androgens in two species of plethodontid salamanders to assess the temporal relationship of elevated plasma androgen levels with spermatogenic events and with sexual behavior. in both species, spermatogenesis occurs in the spring and summer. in one species, plethodon jordani, mating occurs in the fall. in the other species, desmognathus ochrophaeus, the mating season is prolonged, occurring both in the fall ... | 1994 | 7851720 |
| correspondence between sexual isolation and allozyme differentiation: a test in the salamander desmognathus ochrophaeus. | ethological reproductive isolation and genetic divergence across 26 protein loci were measured among populations of the salamander desmognathus ochrophaeus in the southern appalachian mountains. levels of ethological isolation varied from none to complete and were statistically significant for all but two pairings between populations inhabiting different mountain ranges. when geographic and genetic distances were treated as independent variables in multiple correlation analyses, they accounted f ... | 1990 | 2320584 |
| effect of thermal acclimation on locomotor energetics and locomotor performance in a lungless salamander, desmognathus ochrophaeus. | to determine the effects of thermal acclimation upon locomotor performance and the rate of oxygen consumption (mo2) during activity, small (less than 3 g), lungless salamanders, desmognathus ochrophaeus cope, were acclimated to three temperatures (5, 13 and 21 degrees c) and exercised at various controlled speeds within an exercise wheel while their mo2 was measured. mo2 increased with speed at low speeds (less than 14 cm min-1). although animals could sustain greater speeds, mo2 did not increas ... | 1986 | 3958678 |
| a statistical study of mate choice: sexual selection in a plethodontid salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus). | our experiment revealed the existence of significant variation in mating success in a salamander species in which males do not provide courtship feeding, nest sites, or parental care. differences in mating success were based on natural variation among adult males and females, rather than on traits of an artificially selected set of potential mates. courtship encounters deliberately involved only one male and one female, thus eliminating the potentially confounding effects of male-male competitio ... | 1985 | 28564228 |
| acclimation to constant and variable temperatures in plethodontid salamanders--i. rates of oxygen consumption. | in preliminary experiments, salamanders of three species (desmognathus ochrophaeus, plethodon cinereus and plethodon jordani) required 5-11 days to complete metabolic acclimation to a constant warm temperature; the rate of oxygen consumption (vo2) decreased 16-28% during acclimation. unfed animals of each species underwent cyclic exposure to 5 and 21 degrees c at three different cycle periods (12 hr, 4-5 days, 51 days), or constant exposure to 14 degrees c for 102 days. the experimental treatmen ... | 1985 | 2863058 |
| hydric constraints upon foraging in a terrestrial salamander, desmognathus ochrophaeus (amphibia: plethodontidae). | the time until salamanders voluntarily abandoned foraging (the "water time limit") and the amount of water lost when salamanders abandoned foraging ("dehydration deficit") were determined for terrestrial plethodontid salamanders, desmognathus ochrophaeus, foraging at various vapor pressure gradients in the laboratory. salamander activity was correlated with the rate of water loss and was inversely related to the water time limit. animals at 0.35-0.86 kpa vapor pressure gradients abandoned foragi ... | 1984 | 28311459 |
| differential avoidance of mimetic salamanders by free-ranging birds. | members of a free-ranging avian community avoided the mimetic morph of the salamander plethodon cinereus significantly more often than a nonmimetic morph when offered with the model eft stage of notophthalmus viridescens and the palatable salamander desmognathus ochrophaeus. this is apparently the first demonstration of the efficacy of mimetic coloration of salamanders to uncaged birds. | 1980 | 17745538 |
| reference phase analysis of free and bound intracellular solutes. i. sodium and potassium in amphibian oocytes. | a method is described for the quantitative determination of free and bound solute concentrations in the cytoplasm of intact cells. the method includes (a) introduction of a gelatin gel reference phase (rp) into the cytoplasm; (b) diffusion of dissolved substances between cytoplasm and rp, (c) cell quenching to - 196 degrees c to prevent subsequent solute redistributions, (d) ultra-low temperature microdissection to isolate rp and cytoplasm samples, and (e) analysis of isolates for solute and wat ... | 1979 | 262385 |
| genetic differentiation in salamanders of the desmognathus ochrophaeus complex (plethodontidae). | | 1978 | 28564095 |
| metabolic compensation to temperature in the salamander desmognathus ochrophaeus from a high elevation population. | | 1975 | 236132 |
| thermal acclimation and metabolism in the allegheny mountain salamander desmognathus ochrophaeus. | | 1971 | 4400026 |
| influence of sex and reproductive condition on metabolic rates in the allegheny mountain salamander desmognathus ochrophaeus. | | 1971 | 4400020 |
| salamander stress and duress: the relationship between cort, autotomy and regeneration, and exploratory behaviour. | responses to stress are generally mediated through the production of glucocorticoids by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (or -interrenal) axis. the prolonged production of stress hormones can contribute to delayed wound healing and growth, but little is known about their influence on regeneration following tail autotomy, or exploratory behaviour in autotomized individuals. here we examined the relationship between stress, regeneration, and exploratory behaviour in allegheny mountain dusky sala ... | 2020 | 32070799 |