| phylogenetic analysis of ecomorphological divergence, community structure, and diversification rates in dusky salamanders (plethodontidae: desmognathus). | an important dimension of adaptive radiation is the degree to which diversification rates fluctuate or remain constant through time. focusing on plethodontid salamanders of the genus desmognathus, we present a novel synthetic analysis of phylogeographic history, rates of ecomorphological evolution and species accumulation, and community assembly in an adaptive radiation. dusky salamanders are highly variable in life history, body size, and ecology, with many endemic lineages in the southern appa ... | 2005 | 16261737 |
| experimental infection of native north carolina salamanders with batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. | chytridiomycosis is an often fatal fungal disease of amphibians caused by batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. this disease has been implicated in the worldwide decline of many anuran species, but studies of chytridiomycosis in wild salamanders are limited. between august 2006 and december 2006, we tested wild amphibians in north carolina, usa (n=212) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). we identified three pcr-positive animals: one rana clamitans and two plethodontid salamanders. we experimentally in ... | 2009 | 19617473 |
| a new species of eimeria (apicomplexa: eimeriidae) from the marbled salamander, ambystoma opacum (caudata: ambystomatidae), from northern louisiana. | between december 2002 and june 2004, 10 marbled salamanders, ambystoma opacum, were examined for coccidian parasites. salamanders were collected in bradley (n = 2), little river (n = 1), miller (n = 1), and sevier (n = 1) counties, arkansas; webster parish, louisiana (n = 2); and bowie (n = 1) and nacogdoches (n = 2) counties, texas. two of 10 (20%) a. opacum from louisiana harbored an undescribed species of eimeria. oocysts of eimeria trauthi n. sp. were ellipsoidal, 36.6 x 33.1 (33-40 x 29-37) ... | 2008 | 18605797 |
| comparative and phylogenetic perspectives of the cleavage process in tailed amphibians. | the order caudata includes about 660 species and displays a variety of important developmental traits such as cleavage pattern and egg size. however, the cleavage process of tailed amphibians has never been analyzed within a phylogenetic framework. we use published data on the embryos of 36 species concerning the character of the third cleavage furrow (latitudinal, longitudinal or variable) and the magnitude of synchronous cleavage period (up to 3-4 synchronous cell divisions in the animal hemis ... | 2015 | 25180466 |
| patterns of trombiculid mite (hannemania dunni) parasitism among plethodontid salamanders in the western piedmont of north carolina. | trombiculid mites are known to parasitize a variety of amphibian species, yet few comparisons of mite parasitism among amphibian species have been made. in this study, we investigated patterns of trombiculid mite parasitism among 3 plethodontid salamanders (desmognathus fuscus, eurycea cirrigera, and plethodon cylindraceus) in the western piedmont of north carolina. all 3 salamander species were parasitized by a single species, hannemania dunni. desmognathus fuscus harbored mites more frequently ... | 2008 | 18605777 |
| endoparasites of plethodontid salamanders from paradise brook, new hampshire. | totals of 52 dusky salamanders desmognathus fuscus, 51 two-lined salamanders eurycea bislineata, 54 red-backed salamanders plethodon cinereus, and 3 spring salamanders gyrinophilus porphyriticus (plethodontidae) collected in june and august 1995 from paradise brook, a tributary to hubbard brook, new hampshire, were examined for parasites. parasites found were brachycoelium storeriae, brachycoelium sp., bothriocephalus rarus, falcaustra sp., omeia sp., batracholandros magnavulvaris, and cepediett ... | 1997 | 9406804 |
| a new species of dusky salamander (amphibia: plethodontidae: desmognathus) from the eastern gulf coastal plain of the united states and a redescription of d. auriculatus | the coastal plain of the southeastern u. s. is one of the planet's top biodiversity hotspots and yet many taxa have not been adequately studied. the plethodontid salamander, desmognathus auriculatus, was originally thought to occur from east texas to virginia, a range spanning dozens of interfluves and large river systems. beamer and lamb (2008) found five independent mitochondrial lineages of what has been called d. auriculatus in the atlantic coastal plain, but did not examine the extensive di ... | 2017 | 28609856 |
| the lack of nasolacrimal ducts in plethodontid salamanders? | nasolacrimal ducts are a terrestrial vertebrate adaptation and appear to have co-evolved with orbital glands. although plethodontid salamanders possess orbital glands, a recent study concluded that plethodontid salamanders lack nasolacrimal ducts. functionally, the absence of nasolacrimal ducts closes the route for orbital gland secretion passage into the nasal and vomeronasal organ cavities. orbital glands have been implicated in enhancement of vomeronasal function so loss could have important ... | 2017 | 29283508 |
| effect of chronic low body temperature on feeding and gut passage in a plethodontid salamander. | although feeding in some plethodontid salamander species, such as dusky salamanders (desmognathus, family plethodontidae), occurs at short-term (acute) low temperature below 5°c, it is unknown whether feeding, digestion, and gut passage continue to occur during periods of long-term (chronic) low temperature. we performed a controlled laboratory experiment to examine the effect of several chronic low environmental temperatures on both feeding and gut passage in semiaquatic spotted dusky salamande ... | 2017 | 29037400 |
| testing the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis: testosterone manipulation does not affect wound healing in male salamanders. | in vertebrates, a bidirectional relationship exists between the immune system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. in addition, sexual dimorphism in immunity has been documented in many vertebrates as well as some invertebrates, and males are generally less immunocompetent than their female counterparts. a possible explanation for this is described by the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis (ichh), which proposes that elevated testosterone (t) levels direct resources towards the promoti ... | 2017 | 28343933 |
| testing hypotheses about individual variation in plasma corticosterone in free-living salamanders. | in vertebrates, many responses to stress as well as homeostatic maintenance of basal metabolism are regulated by plasma glucocorticoid hormones (gcs). despite having crucial functions, levels of gcs are typically variable among individuals. we examined the contribution of several physiological factors to individual variation in plasma corticosterone (cort) and the number of corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) neurons in the magnocellular preoptic area of the brain in free-living allegheny moun ... | 2017 | 28096430 |
| erratum to: small rnas from a big genome: the pirna pathway and transposable elements in the salamander species desmognathus fuscus. | | 2017 | 27909757 |
| small rnas from a big genome: the pirna pathway and transposable elements in the salamander species desmognathus fuscus. | most of the largest vertebrate genomes are found in salamanders, a clade of amphibians that includes 686 species. salamander genomes range in size from 14 to 120 gb, reflecting the accumulation of large numbers of transposable element (te) sequences from all three te classes. although dna loss rates are slow in salamanders relative to other vertebrates, high levels of te insertion are also likely required to explain such high te loads. across the tree of life, novel te insertions are suppressed ... | 2016 | 27743003 |
| environmental acidification is not associated with altered plasma corticosterone levels in the stream-side salamander, desmognathus ochrophaeus. | as environments become increasingly altered due to anthropogenic factors, interest is growing in how endocrine systems respond to pollution and environmental degradation. glucocorticoid hormones (gcs) are a type of stress hormones that are released upon activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and have widespread effects throughout the body. we tested the hypothesis that exposure to environmental acidification is associated with altered levels of plasma gcs in adult, stream-side all ... | 2014 | 24681152 |
| modeling structured population dynamics using data from unmarked individuals. | the study of population dynamics requires unbiased, precise estimates of abundance and vital rates that account for the demographic structure inherent in all wildlife and plant populations. traditionally, these estimates have only been available through approaches that rely on intensive mark-recapture data. we extended recently developed n-mixture models to demonstrate how demographic parameters and abundance can be estimated for structured populations using only stage-structured count data. our ... | 2014 | 24649642 |
| conservation genetics of extremely isolated urban populations of the northern dusky salamander (desmognathus fuscus) in new york city. | urbanization is a major cause of amphibian decline. stream-dwelling plethodontid salamanders are particularly susceptible to urbanization due to declining water quality and hydrological changes, but few studies have examined these taxa in cities. the northern dusky salamander (desmognathus fuscus) was once common in the new york city metropolitan area, but has substantially declined throughout the region in recent decades. we used five tetranucleotide microsatellite loci to examine population di ... | 2013 | 23646283 |
| effects of urbanization on occupancy of stream salamanders. | urban development is the most common form of land conversion in the united states. using a before-after control-impact study design, we investigated the effects of urbanization on larval and adult stages of southern two-lined salamanders (eurycea cirrigera) and northern dusky salamanders (desmognathus fuscus). over 5 years, we estimated changes in occupancy and probabilities of colonization and survival in 13 stream catchments after urbanization and in 17 catchments that were not urbanized. we a ... | 2011 | 21175842 |
| acute stressors increase plasma corticosterone and decrease locomotor activity in a terrestrial salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus). | vertebrates respond to the onset of an acute stressor with an acute increase in plasma glucocorticoids. the increase in plasma glucocorticoids is believed to be adaptive, helping an animal cope until the stressful episode subsides. although much is known about the effects of chronic elevation of glucocorticoids, far less is known about the role of acute increases in glucocorticoids in mediating stress responses. to better understand the regulation and function of acute increases in plasma glucoc ... | 2010 | 20434476 |
| dusky salamanders (desmognathus, plethodontidae) from the coastal plain: multiple independent lineages and their bearing on the molecular phylogeny of the genus. | recent phylogenetic reassessment of the lungless salamanders (plethodontidae) confirmed a major life-history reversal-from direct development to an aquatic larval stage-in the dusky salamanders (desmognathus) of eastern north america. this reversal initiated high rates of lineage accumulation, reputedly generating the species richness and ecological breath that now characterize desmognathus. certain important aspects of the radiation, e.g., ecomorphological evolution, have been identified throug ... | 2008 | 18337126 |
| the reproductive pattern of male dusky salamanders (genus desmognathus) is neither associated nor dissociated. | many seasonally breeding vertebrate species have an associated reproductive pattern: mating behavior, gonadal activity, and peak circulating androgen levels occur simultaneously. in these species, androgens influence the expression of male mating behavior. other species have a dissociated reproductive pattern: mating behavior occurs at a different time than peak gonadal activity. in such species, it is hypothesized that mating behavior is not dependent on androgen levels [crews, d., 1984. gamete ... | 2007 | 17382330 |
| genetic structure of the blue ridge dusky salamander (desmognathus orestes): inferences from allozymes, mitochondrial dna, and behavior. | the plethodontid salamander desmognathus orestes, a member of the d. ochrophaeus species complex, is distributed in southwestern virginia, eastern tennessee, and western north carolina. previous allozyme analyses indicate that d. orestes consists of two distinct groups of populations (d. orestes 'b' and d. orestes 'c') with extensive intergradation and probable gene flow between these two groups. spatially varying allele frequencies can reflect historical associations, current gene flow, or a co ... | 2001 | 11794788 |
| the effect of graded hypoxia on the metabolic rate and buccal activity of a lungless salamander (desmognathus fuscus). | the hypothesis that the lungless salamander desmognathus fuscus responds actively to hypoxia was tested. patterns of buccal movements [apneic period duration, the duration (min h(-)(1)) of buccal pumping and buccal pumping frequency], heart rate and metabolic rate (rates of oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output) were determined during a control period (21 % oxygen), a hypoxic period (2, 5, 6.5, 8 or 10 % oxygen) and a recovery period (21 % oxygen). hypoxic salamanders maintained their rate of ... | 2000 | 11076741 |
| behavioral observations of sexual isolation among allopatric populations of the mountain dusky salamander, desmognathus ochrophaeus. | the behavioral basis of sexual isolation was investigated in 11 crosses staged between individuals from nine allopatric populations of the appalachian mountain dusky salamander, desmognathus ochrophaeus. scan-sampled observations of within-population (homotypic) and between-population (heterotypic) heterosexual encounters yielded the following results. 1) fewer heterotypic encounters than homotypic encounters resulted in insemination of females. indices of the strength of sexual isolation based ... | 1989 | 28564204 |
| control theory predictions of reproductive allocation in female dusky salamanders. | a model of the reproductive ecology of female dusky salamanders was used to investigate the allocation scheme that a female might use to maximize her reproductive success. analysis of the model with techniques of optimal control theory suggests that fecundity is maximized either by allocating food resources to reproduction for the entire time period prior to egg laying, or by growing first, then switching to reproduction later in the year. the analysis also indicates that egg mortality will be m ... | 1987 | 3625052 |
| diffusion-limited gas exchange across amphibian skin. | cutaneous gas exchange function of amphibians is conveniently analyzed in lungless salamanders in which all gas exchange is through the skin. measurements in desmognathus fuscus (plethodontidae) have yielded the following results: 1) cutaneous transfer of o2 and co2 is limited predominantly by diffusion. 2) accordingly, in environmental hypoxia, o2 uptake decreases. 3) anaerobiosis contributes to energy balance during the first few hours of hypoxia only. thereafter unknown biochemical adjustment ... | 1982 | 6804273 |
| anaerobic energy metabolism during severe hypoxia in the lungless salamander desmognathus fuscus (plethodontidae). | in the lungless salamander desmognathus fuscus, mean body weight 4.5 g, the changes in total body concentration of adenosine triphosphate (atp), creatine phosphate (cp) and lactate (la) were measured during exposure to a severely hypoxic atmosphere (po2 = 25 torr) for 48 h at 13 degrees c. atp and cp decreased, reaching a minimum at 3 h of exposure, and la increased, attaining maximum values after 12 to 24 h of hypoxia. thereafter recovery was observed and control values of atp, cp and la were r ... | 1979 | 523852 |
| kinetics of inert gas equilibration in an exclusively skin-breathing salamander, desmognathus fuscus. | characteristics of cutaneous gas exchange in amphibians were studied by analysis of the equilibration kinetics of an inert test gas in salamanders which have neither lungs nor gills. specimens of the common dusky salamander (desmognathus fuscus, plethodontidae, urodela), average body mass 6.1 g were equilibrated with 20% chlorodifluoromethane (freon 22) in oxygen. the time course of subsequent elimination of freon 22 into atmospheric air was more rapid in living than in dead animals. this differ ... | 1975 | 1197944 |
| [dna synthesis during early phasis of regeneration of hind limbs in desmognathus fuscus]. | | 1974 | 4211042 |
| metabolic and heart rate response of the plethodontid salamander desmognathus fuscus to hypoxia. | | 1974 | 4821656 |
| respiratory properties of the blood of a lungless and gill-less salamander, desmognathus fuscus. | | 1974 | 4821655 |
| tail regeneration following autotomy in the adult salamander desmognathus fuscus. | | 1972 | 5016313 |
| thermal acclimation and metabolic rates in the dusky salamander desmognathus fuscus. | | 1972 | 4401148 |
| desmognathus fuscus (sic). | | 1919 | 17755751 |
| desmognathus fuscus again. | | 1918 | 17798471 |
| desmognathus fuscus [sic]. | | 1918 | 17787461 |
| the herpetological legacy of jacob green and the nomenclature of some north american lizards and salamanders. | jacob green was born in 1790 to a prominent new jersey family of scholars and theologians. he taught at the college of new jersey (now princeton university) from 1818 to 1822 before co-founding jefferson medical college (now thomas jefferson university) in 1825, where he taught chemistry until his death in 1841. between 1818 and 1831, he published a series of nine papers on lizards, salamanders, and snakes, authoring the original description of several well-known species of salamanders from the ... | 2020 | 33056823 |
| towards rectifying limitations on species delineation in dusky salamanders (desmognathus: plethodontidae): an ecoregion-drainage sampling grid reveals additional cryptic clades. | dusky salamanders (desmognathus) constitute a large, species-rich group within the family plethodontidae, and though their systematic relationships have been addressed extensively, most studies have centered on particular species complexes and therefore offer only piecemeal phylogenetic perspective on the genus. recent work has revealed desmognathus to be far more clade rich-35 reciprocally monophyletic clades versus 22 recognized species-than previously imagined, results that, in turn, provide ... | 2020 | 32230233 |
| salamander stress and duress: the relationship between cort, autotomy and regeneration, and exploratory behaviour. | responses to stress are generally mediated through the production of glucocorticoids by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (or -interrenal) axis. the prolonged production of stress hormones can contribute to delayed wound healing and growth, but little is known about their influence on regeneration following tail autotomy, or exploratory behaviour in autotomized individuals. here we examined the relationship between stress, regeneration, and exploratory behaviour in allegheny mountain dusky sala ... | 2020 | 32070799 |
| phylogenomic data reveal reticulation and incongruence among mitochondrial candidate species in dusky salamanders (desmognathus). | gene flow between evolutionarily distinct lineages is increasingly recognized as a common occurrence. such processes distort our ability to diagnose and delimit species, as well as confound attempts to estimate phylogenetic relationships. a conspicuous example is dusky salamanders (desmognathus), a common model-system for ecology, evolution, and behavior. only 22 species are described, 7 in the last 40 years. however, mitochondrial datasets indicate the presence of up to 45 "candidate species" a ... | 2020 | 32028035 |
| variations in tissue mercury contents in three species of adult salamanders in streams in western maryland. | the purpose of this study was to improve our understanding of the relationship between mercury in three species of adult salamanders and relatively pristine first-order streams in western maryland. we measured the tissue mercury content of 106 northern two-lined salamanders (eurycea bislineata bislineata), 111 northern dusky (desmognathus fuscus), and 107 allegheny mountain dusky (desmognathus ocrophaeus) salamanders collected during three sampling periods. averaged over our entire data set, nor ... | 2019 | 30778626 |