| phenotypic characterization of the xenorhabdus bacterial symbiont of a texas strain of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema riobrave, and characterization of the xenorhabdus bovienii bacterial symbiont of a newfoundland strain of steinernema feltiae. | two bacterial symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes, one of which originated from texas, u.s.a., and the other from newfoundland, canada, were characterized phenotypically. these strains belonged to the genus xenorhabdus. the newfoundland (nf) strain was shown to be x. bovienii but the texas (tx) strain was not identified at the species level. four additional cultures of xenorhabdus were included in the study. these were a strain of x. bovienii (umeå), which was from a nematode of european ori ... | 2000 | 10932355 |
| temporal association of entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabditida: steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae) and bacteria. | galleria mellonella l. larvae were infected with three species (seven strains) of steinernema spp. or three species (three strains) of heterorhabditis spp. infected larvae were incubated at 22, 27, and 32 degrees c. larvae were dorsally dissected every 6h over a 48-h period. hemolymph was collected and streaked on tryptic soy agar plates. several non-symbiotic bacterial species were identified from infected insect cadavers: enterobacter gergoviae, vibrio spp., pseudomonas fluorescens type c, ser ... | 2006 | 16448667 |
| effects of four nematode species on fitness costs of pink bollworm resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac. | evolution of resistance by pests can reduce the efficacy oftransgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt). in conjunction with refuges of non-bt host plants, fitness costs can delay the evolution of resistance. furthermore, fitness costs often vary with ecological conditions, suggesting that agricultural landscapes can be manipulated to magnify fitness costs and thereby prolong the efficacy of bt crops. in the current study, we tested th ... | 2010 | 21061986 |
| virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes to plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar: effects of strain, temperature, and soil type. | the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar, is a major pest of stone and pome fruit (e.g., apples, pears, peaches, cherries, etc.). entomopathogenic nematodes (steinernema spp. and heterorhabditis spp.) may be used to control the larval stage of c. nenuphar following fruit drop. indeed, certain entomopathogenic nematodes species have previously been shown to be highly effective in killing c. nenuphar larvae in laboratory and field trials. in field trials conducted in the southeastern, usa, steine ... | 2011 | 23430967 |
| entomopathogenic nematodes for control of insect pests above and below ground with comments on commercial production. | entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) have been utilized in classical, conservation, and augmentative biological control programs. the vast majority of applied research has focused on their potential as inundatively applied augmentative biological control agents. extensive research over the past three decades has demonstrated both their successes and failures for control of insect pests of crops, ornamental plants, trees and lawn and turf. in this paper we present highlights of their development for ... | 2012 | 23482993 |
| aggregative group behavior in insect parasitic nematode dispersal. | movement behavior of foraging animals is critical to the determination of their spatial ecology and success in exploiting resources. individuals sometimes gain advantages by foraging in groups to increase their efficiency in garnering these resources. group movement behavior has been studied in various vertebrates. in this study we explored the propensity for innate group movement behavior among insect parasitic nematodes. given that entomopathogenic nematodes benefit from group attack and infec ... | 2014 | 24184157 |
| evaluation of efficacy of 18 strains of entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabditida) against planococcus citri (risso, 1813) (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) under laboratory conditions. | planococcus citri (risso, 1813) (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) is an important plant virus vector in grapevine crops in brazil and other countries. the mealybug grows in roots and leaves of the grapes. entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) are efficient control agents against insects associated to the soil and could be applied with the same equipment used for chemical insecticides. the aim of this study was to select effective epns for controlling p. citri females in laboratory conditions (25±1°c, ur 6 ... | 2013 | 23458234 |
| directional movement of entomopathogenic nematodes in response to electrical field: effects of species, magnitude of voltage, and infective juvenile age. | entomopathogenic nematodes respond to a variety of stimuli when foraging. previously, we reported a directional response to electrical fields for two entomopathogenic nematode species; specifically, when electrical fields were generated on agar plates steinernema glaseri (a nematode that utilizes a cruiser-type foraging strategy) moved to a higher electric potential, whereas steinernema carpocapsae, an ambush-type forager, moved to a lower potential. thus, we hypothesized that entomopathogenic n ... | 2012 | 21945052 |
| characterization of new entomopathogenic nematodes from thailand: foraging behavior and virulence to the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) in the genera steinernema and heterorhabditis and their associated bacteria (xenorhabdus spp. and photorhabdus spp., respectively) are lethal parasites of soil dwelling insects. we collected 168 soil samples from five provinces, all located in southern thailand. eight strains of epns were isolated and identified to species using restriction profiles and sequence analysis. five of the isolates were identified as heterorhabditis indica, and one as heterorhabditis ... | 2010 | 22736860 |
| parasitism of bark scorpion centruroides exilicauda (scorpiones: buthidae) by entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabditida: steinernematidae; heterorhabditidae). | in laboratory bioassays, steinernema glaseri steiner, steinernema riobrave cabanillas, poinar & raulston, heterorhabditis bacteriophora poinar, and heterorhabditis marelatus liu & berry were capable of infecting and killing the bark scorpion, centruroides exilicauda (wood). steinernema feltiae (filipjev) and steinernema carpocapsae (weiser) failed to infect c. exilicauda at 22 degrees c. s. glaseri, h. marelatus, and h. bacteriophora caused significant mortality at 22 degrees c, indicating the p ... | 2005 | 16334314 |
| distribution patterns of entomopathogenic nematodes applied through drip irrigation systems. | the distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes applied by drip irrigation was evaluated by injecting small volumes of steinernema carpocapsae (weiser) all strain, steinernema feltiae (filipjev) sn strain, steinernema glaseri steiner, and heterorhabditis bacteriophora hp 88 strain poinar suspensions into drip irrigation lines. additionally, steinernema riobrave cabanillas, poinar, & raulston, and s. carpocapsae were injected in a 10-liter volume of water with an injection pump. overall, the nemat ... | 2003 | 14994792 |
| impact of the host cadaver on survival and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabditida: steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae) under desiccating conditions. | entomopathogenic nematode species of steinernema carpocapsae, steinernema riobrave, or heterorhabditis bacteriophora were used to compare survival and infectivity among infective juveniles (ijs) emerging in water from hosts in white traps (treatment a), emerging in sand from hosts placed in sand (treatment c), and emerging from hosts placed on a mesh suspended over sand (treatment m). nematode survival and infectivity was recorded in sand at three-day intervals during 21 days of storage in desic ... | 2003 | 12623311 |
| expression of different desiccation-tolerance related genes in various species of entomopathogenic nematodes. | entomopathogenic nematodes used as biological control agents encounter various stress conditions during extended periods in the soil. we investigated gene expression in nematodes that were tolerant or susceptible to desiccation stress to determine whether enhanced tolerance in these populations results from a 'gene-expression response' to desiccation or if, for enhanced tolerance, no such response is needed, perhaps due to a state of constant 'readiness'. the expressions of four genes, aldehyde ... | 2008 | 18179831 |
| entomopathogenic nematodes, root weevil larvae, and dynamic interactions among soil texture, plant growth, herbivory, and predation. | greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the influence of soil texture on the persistence, efficacy and plant protection ability of entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) applied to control larvae of the diaprepes root weevil (drw), diaprepes abbreviatus, infesting potted citrus seedlings. seedlings were grown in pots containing either coarse sand, fine sand, or sandy loam. three drw larvae were added to each of 80 pots of each soil type. 24 h later, 20 pots of each soil type that had received ... | 2012 | 22056274 |
| substrate modulation, group effects and the behavioral responses of entomopathogenic nematodes to nematophagous fungi. | laboratory experiments were conducted on the behavioral responses of five species of entomopathogenic nematodes (epns; steinernema diaprepesi, steinernema sp. glaseri-group, steinernema riobrave, heterorhabditis zealandica, heterorhabditis indica) to three species of nematophagous fungi (nf; trapping fungus arthrobotrys gephyropaga; endoparasites myzocytium sp., catenaria sp.). we hypothesized that epn responses to nf and their putative semiochemicals might reflect the relative susceptibility of ... | 2011 | 21145324 |
| susceptibility of aethina tumida (coleoptera: nitidulidae) larvae and pupae to entomopathogenic nematodes. | in this study, we evaluated the potential use of entomopathogenic nematodes as a control for the beetle aethina tumida murray (coleoptera: nitidulidae). in particular, we conducted 1) four screening bioassays to determine nematode (seven species, 10 total strains tested) and application level effects on a. tumida larvae and pupae, 2) a generational persistence bioassay to determine whether single inoculations with nematodes would control multiple generations of a. tumida larvae in treated soil, ... | 2010 | 20214361 |
| effect of insect cadaver desiccation and soil water potential during rehydration on entomopathogenic nematode (rhabditida: steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae) production and virulence. | we examined the influence of insect cadaver desiccation on the virulence and production of entomopathogenic nematodes (epns), common natural enemies of many soil-dwelling insects. epns are often used in biological control, and we investigated the feasibility of applying epns within desiccated insect cadavers. desiccation studies were conducted using the factitious host, galleria mellonella (lepidoptera: pyralidae, wax moth larvae) and three epn species (heterorhabditis bacteriophora 'hb1', stein ... | 2011 | 21047513 |
| infectivity of four entomopathogenic nematodes in relation to environmental factors and their effects on the biochemistry of the medfly ceratitis capitata (wied.) (diptera: tephritidae). | late third instars of the medfly, ceratitis capitata (wied.), migrate from the host fruit into the soil and leaf litter beneath host trees, where they may become a target for entomopathogenic nematodes (epns). the effects of ultraviolet (uv) light, temperature, soil type (texture), and soil moisture level on infectivity of the four tested epns heterorhabditis bacteriophora as1, h. bacteriophora hp88, steinernema carpocapsae all, and steinernema riobrave ml29 to late third instars of c. capitata ... | 2015 | 26391517 |
| effects of entomopathogenic nematodes on evolution of pink bollworm resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac. | the evolution of resistance by pests can reduce the efficacy of transgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt). however, fitness costs may act to delay pest resistance to bt toxins. meta-analysis of results from four previous studies revealed that the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema riobrave (rhabditida: steinernematidae) imposed a 20% fitness cost for larvae of pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), that were homo ... | 2012 | 22812141 |
| transcriptome analysis of stress tolerance in entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus steinernema. | entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus steinernema are effective biological control agents. the infective stage of these parasites can withstand environmental stresses such as desiccation and heat, but the molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in this tolerance are poorly understood. we used 454 pyrosequencing to analyse transcriptome expression in steinernema spp. that differ in their tolerance to stress. we compared these species, following heat and desiccation treatments, with thei ... | 2016 | 26598027 |
| ammonia concentration at emergence and its effects on the recovery of different species of entomopathogenic nematodes. | the life cycle of entomopathogenic nematodes (epn) occurs inside an insect cadaver and an accumulation of ammonia initiates as a consequence of the nematodes defecation. this accumulation reduces the food resources quality and creates a detrimental environment for nematodes. when a given ammonia concentration is reached, the nematodes start their emergence process, searching for a new host. in the present work, this parameter, ammonia triggering point (atp) was measured in 7 steinernema species/ ... | 2014 | 24880156 |
| dynamics of carbon dioxide release from insects infected with entomopathogenic nematodes. | the quality of an insect as a host to an entomopathogenic nematode infective juvenile depends in part on whether or not the insect is already infected and on the stage of that infection. previous research has shown that nematode response to hosts can change after infection and that, for uninfected hosts, co(2) can be an important cue used by infective stage juveniles during attraction. we hypothesized that co(2) production from an insect changes after it is infected, and that these changes could ... | 2007 | 17054978 |
| in vitro infection of sheep lice (bovicola ovis schrank) by steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes. | control of sheep lice with conventional pesticides can be compromised by difficulty in contacting lice in the dense water repellent fleeces of sheep, particularly when sheep have not been recently shorn. entomopathogenic nematodes (ens) are motile and are able to actively seek out insect hosts. they have particular advantages for the control of pests in cryptic habitats, such as the fleeces of sheep and avoid many of the problems frequently associated with chemical controls. this study investiga ... | 2010 | 20800970 |
| field efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes targeting caged last-instar plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae) in michigan cherry and apple orchards. | the plum curculio (conotrachelus nenuphar herbst) is a key pest of pome and stone fruit in eastern north america. we tested the efficacy of five pathogens over the course of three seasons in 10 michigan apple and cherry orchards, with introductions of larvae to caged pots containing pathogen-treated soil. the nematode steinernema riobrave was the most effective pathogen in the 2 yr it was tested, but only in soils with the highest sand content (81-88%) and when it was applied 1 h or 5 d after la ... | 2009 | 19689891 |
| effects of pink bollworm resistance to bacillus thuringiensis on phenoloxidase activity and susceptibility to entomopathogenic nematodes. | widespread planting of crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) imposes selection on many key agricultural pests to evolve resistance to bt. fitness costs can slow the evolution of bt resistance. we examined effects of entomopathogenic nematodes on fitness costs of bt resistance in the pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), a major pest of cotton, gossypium hirsutum l., in the southwestern u ... | 2009 | 19610442 |
| efficacy of indigenous entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabditida: heterorhabditidae, steinernematidae), from rio grande do sul brazil, against anastrephafraterculus (wied.) (diptera: tephritidae) in peach orchards. | laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments were performed with the objective of selecting efficient indigenous strains of entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) from rio grande do sul (rs) state, brazil, for controlling the south american fruit fly, anastrepha fraterculus (wied.). laboratory experiments were conducted in 24 well-plates filled with sterile sand and one insect per well. in greenhouse experiments, plastic trays filled with soil collected from the field were used, while in field exper ... | 2009 | 19460384 |
| effects of culture method and formulation on the virulence of steinernema riobrave (rhabditida: steinernematidae) to diaprepes abbreviatus (coleoptera: curculionidae). | the diaprepes root weevil, diaprepes abbreviatus, is a pest of vegetables, ornamental plants, sugarcane, and citrus in florida and the caribbean. the entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema riobrave, can reduce larval populations of d. abbreviatus substantially. efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes, however, may be affected by culture method and formulation. using d. abbreviatus as the host, we compared the efficacy of two commercial s. riobrave formulations, a liquid and a waterdispersible gra ... | 2000 | 19270978 |
| incidence of endemic entomopathogenic nematodes following application of steinernema riobrave for control of diaprepes abbreviatus. | control of diaprepes abbreviatus by endemic and exotic entomopathogenic nematodes (epn) was monitored during 2000-2001 in two citrus orchards in central florida (bartow and poinciana). caged sentinel insect larvae were buried beneath citrus trees for 7 days at 1 to 2-month intervals from april to october each year. at bartow, the survey occurred in experimental plots that were (i) not treated with commercial epn, (ii) treated twice annually since 1998 with commercially formulated steinernema rio ... | 2003 | 19265992 |
| susceptibility of the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar, to entomopathogenic nematodes. | the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar, is a major pest of pome and stone fruit. our objective was to determine virulence and reproductive potential of six commercially available nematode species in c. nenuphar larvae and adults. nematodes tested were heterorhabditis bacteriophora (hb strain), h. marelatus (point reyes strains), h. megidis (uk211 strain), steinernema riobrave (355 strain), s. carpocapsae (all strain), and s. feltiae (sn strain). survival of c. nenuphar larvae treated with s. ... | 2002 | 19265940 |
| recycling potential and fitness of steinernematid nematodes cultured in curculio caryae and galleria mellonella. | the recycling potential of entomopathogenic nematodes in the pecan weevil, curculio caryae, following inundative applications is an important factor in considering whether nematodes could be incorporated into a c. caryae management strategy. our objective was to determine the recycling potential and fitness of steinernema carpocapsae and s. riobrave cultured in c. caryae. to estimate fitness and quality, we reared nematodes in larvae of c. caryae and in the commonly used standard host, the great ... | 2005 | 19262838 |
| effect of entomopathogenic nematodes on mesocriconema xenoplax populations in peach and pecan. | the effect of steinernema riobrave and heterorhabditis bacteriophora on population density of mesocriconema xenoplax in peach was studied in the greenhouse. twenty-one days after adding 112 m. xenoplax adults and juveniles/1,500 cm(3) soil to the soil surface of each pot, 50 infective juveniles/cm(2) soil surface of either s. riobrave or h. bacteriophora were applied. another entomopathogenic nematode application of the same density was administered 3 months later. the experiment was repeated on ... | 2004 | 19262805 |
| role of symbiotic and non-symbiotic bacteria in carbon dioxide production from hosts infected with steinernema riobrave. | entomopathogenic nematodes of the family steinernematidae and their mutualistic bacteria (xenorhabdus spp.) are lethal endoparasites of insects. we hypothesized that growth of the nematode's mutualistic bacteria in the insect host may contribute to the production of cues used by the infective juveniles (ijs) in responding to potential hosts for infection. specifically, we tested if patterns of bacterial growth could explain differences in co2 production over the course of host infection. growth ... | 2008 | 18621386 |
| responses of the entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema riobrave to its insect hosts, galleria mellonella and tenebrio molitor. | potential hosts for infective juveniles of entomopathogenic nematodes can vary considerably in quality based on the characteristics of the host species/stage, physiological status (e.g. stress, feeding on toxins), and infection status (heterospecific or conspecific infection). in this study, we investigated responses of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema riobrave to hosts (galleria mellonella or tenebrio molitor) that were previously parasitized with conspecifics or injected with the nema ... | 2007 | 17201992 |
| parasitism of subterranean termites (isoptera: rhinotermitidae: termitidae) by entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabditida: steinernematidae; heterorhabditidae). | in laboratory bioassays, steinernema riobrave cabanillas, poinar and raulston (355 strain), steinernema carpocapsae (weiser) (mexican 33 strain), steinernemafeltiae (filipjev) (uk76 strain), and heterorhabditis bacteriophora poinar (hp88 strain) were all capable of infecting and killing three termite species, heterotermes aureus (snyder), gnathamitermes perplexus (banks), and reticulitermes flavipes (kollar) in laboratory sand assays. s. riobrave and s. feltiae caused low levels of reticuliterme ... | 2006 | 16937662 |
| effect of entomopathogenic nematodes on the fitness cost of resistance to bt toxin crylac in pink bollworm (lepidoptera: gelechiidae). | the widespread use of crop plants genetically engineered to produce toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) imposes selection on insect populations to evolve resistance. the pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella (saunders) (lepidoptera: gelechiidae), is a major pest of cotton in the southwestern united states that is currently controlled with transgenic cotton that produces bt toxin cry1ac. previously reported theoretical work suggests that, in conjunction with a high dose/refuge ... | 2006 | 16813331 |
| evaluation of application technologies of entomopathogenic nematodes for control of the black vine weevil. | black vine weevil, otiorhynchus sulcatus (f.), is a severe pest of small fruit and nursery crops around the world. these studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of three species of entomopathogenic nematodes (heterorhabditis marelatus, heterorhabditis bacteriophora, and steinernema riobrave) applied in infected host cadavers or as aqueous applications for black vine weevil larval control. experiments were conducted in the greenhouse and outdoors. application of three infected host cadav ... | 2005 | 16539109 |
| susceptibility of the boll weevil to steinernema riobrave and other entomopathogenic nematodes. | the susceptibility of the boll weevil (bw), anthonomus grandis boheman, to steinernema riobrave and other nematode species in petri dishes, soil (hidalgo sandy clay loam), and cotton bolls and squares was investigated. third instar weevils were susceptible to entomopathogenic nematode (en) species and strains in petri dish bioassays at 30 degrees c. lower lc(50)'s occurred with s. riobrave tx- 355 (2 nematodes per weevil), s. glaseri nc (3), heterorhabditis indicus hom-1 (5), and h. bacteriophor ... | 2003 | 12676555 |
| antimicrobial activity of xenorhabdus sp. rio (enterobacteriaceae), symbiont of the entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema riobrave (rhabditida: steinernematidae). | galleria mellonella larvae infected with steinernema riobrave soon showed (after 24 h) the typical growth of its xenorhabdus sp. rio symbiont and, in parallel, the growth of another gram negative bacterial species in the body cavity. a population of entercoccus sp. in the nematode infected larvae collapsed to zero by 96 h. the level of antibiotic and antimycotic activity followed a pattern similar to that of the growth curve to stationary phase of the xenorhabdus sp. rio symbiont, over a period ... | 2002 | 12133703 |
| virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes to pecan weevil larvae, curculio caryae (coleoptera: curculionidae), in the laboratory. | the pecan weevil, curculio caryae (horn), is a key pest of pecans in the southeast. entomopathogenic nematodes have been shown to be pathogenic toward the larval stage of this pest. before this research, only three species of nematodes had been tested against pecan weevil larvae. in this study, the virulence of the following nine species and 15 strains of nematodes toward fourth-instar pecan weevil was tested: heterorhabditis bacteriophora poinar (baine, hp88, oswego, nj1, and tf strains), h. in ... | 2001 | 11233136 |
| virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes to diaprepes abbreviatus (coleoptera: curculionidae) in the laboratory. | the diaprepes root weevil, diaprepes abbreviatus (l.) is the most severe weevil pest in florida citrus. entomopathogenic nematodes have effectively suppressed larval populations of d. abbreviatus. our objective was to conduct a broad laboratory comparison of entomopathogenic nematodes for virulence toward larvae of d. abbreviatus. the study was conducted at three temperatures (20, 24, and 29 degrees c) and included nine entomopathogenic species and 17 strains: heterorhabditis bacteriophora poina ... | 2000 | 10985017 |
| wide interguild relationships among entomopathogenic and free-living nematodes in soil as measured by real time qpcr. | entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) are promising biological control agents of soil-dwelling insect pests of many crops. these nematodes are ubiquitous in both natural and agricultural areas. their efficacy against arthropods is affected directly and indirectly by food webs and edaphic conditions. it has long been suggested that a greater understanding of epn ecology is needed to achieve consistent biological control by these nematodes and the development of molecular tools is helping to overcome ... | 2012 | 22841945 |
| evaluation of insecticides, entomopathogenic nematodes, and physical soil barriers for control of diaprepes abbreviatus (coleoptera: curculionidae) in citrus. | the diaprepes root weevil, diaprepes abbreviatus l. (coleoptera: curculionidae), was discovered as the cause of early decline and death of citrus trees and ornamental plants along coastal orange and los angeles counties in 2005 and san diego county in 2006. we established trials to evaluate the effectiveness of two tactics to manage life stages of diaprepes root weevil that are found in the soil. the first tactic was soil applications of the pesticides bifenthrin or imidacloprid, with and withou ... | 2014 | 26470079 |
| effects of host nutrition on virulence and fitness of entomopathogenic nematodes: lipid- and protein-based supplements in tenebrio molitor diets. | entomopathogenic nematodes, heterorhabditis indica and steinernema riobrave, were tested for virulence and reproductive yield in tenebrio molitor that were fed wheat bran diets with varying lipid- and protein-based supplements. lipid supplements were based on 20% canola oil, peanut, pork or salmon, or a low lipid control (5% canola). protein treatments consisted of basic supplement ingredients plus 0, 10, or 20% egg white; a bran-only control was also included. some diet supplements had positive ... | 2008 | 19259513 |
| temperature effect on novel entomopathogenic nematode steinernema siamkayai stock, somsook and reid (n. sp.) and its efficacy against spodoptera litura fabricius (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the efficacy of steinernema siamkayai is a new species that isolate in thailand and the well known previous species are steinernema carpocapsae and steinernema riobrave against 3rd instar larvae of common cutworm, spodoptera litura, and last instar larvae of greater wax moth, galleria mellonella was evaluated under laboratory condition. the optimal temperature for new entomopathogenic nematode, s. siamkayai at 50 and 100 ijs per larvae to penetrate into s. litura and g. mellonella larvae were hi ... | 2009 | 20222622 |
| a novel strain of steinernema riobrave (rhabditida: steinernematidae) possesses superior virulence to subterranean termites (isoptera: rhinotermitidae). | subterranean termites are major global pests of wood structures and wood products. among the most economically important subterranean termite species in the us are heterotermes aureus, reticulitermes flavipes, and coptotermes formosanus. in prior studies, the entomopathogenic nematode, steinernema riobrave strain 355, exhibited a high level of virulence to h. aureus compared with other nematode species. however, s. riobrave 355 was reported to be poorly or only moderately virulent to r. flavipes ... | 2010 | 22736844 |
| multifaceted effects of host plants on entomopathogenic nematodes. | the success of parasites can be impacted by multi-trophic interactions. tritrophic interactions have been observed in parasite-herbivore-host plant systems. here we investigate aspects of multi-trophic interactions in a system involving an entomopathogenic nematode (epn), its insect host, and host plant. novel issues investigated include the impact of tritrophic interactions on nematode foraging behavior, the ability of epns to overcome negative tritrophic effects through genetic selection, and ... | 2016 | 26896698 |
| acclimation of entomopathogenic nematodes to novel temperatures: trehalose accumulation and the acquisition of thermotolerance. | the effect of thermal acclimation on trehalose accumulation and the acquisition of thermotolerance was studied in three species of entomopathogenic nematodes adapted to either cold or warm temperatures. all three steinernema species accumulated trehalose when acclimated at either 5 or 35 degrees c, but the amount of trehalose accumulation differed by species and temperature. the trehalose content of the cold adapted steinernema feltiae increased by 350 and 182%, of intermediate steinernema carpo ... | 2003 | 12633652 |
| competition between entomopathogenic and free-living bactivorous nematodes in larvae of the weevil diaprepes abbreviatus. | field and laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the degree to which free-living, bactivorous nematodes (flbn) are able to competitively displace entomopathogenic nematodes (epn) from insect cadavers. two hundred larvae of the insect diaprepes abbreviatus were buried at regular intervals during 2 years in experimental plots that were untreated or treated twice annually with steinernema riobrave. larvae were recovered after 7 days, and nematodes emerging from cadavers during the next ... | 2003 | 19265993 |