| bacterial septicemias in two psittacine birds. | pasteurellosis was diagnosed in a red-fronted conure (aratinga wagleri) that had been bitten on its breast by a cat 2 weeks before death. the wound spread rapidly, involving the skin over the entire breast and the underlying musculature. septicemia that followed dermatitis and myositis was the cause of death. pasteurella multocida was isolated in pure culture from the heart blood and liver. diagnosis of escherichia coli septicemia and enteritis in a hyacinth macaw (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) wa ... | 1985 | 3888939 |
| clinical pathology and parasitologic evaluation of free-living nestlings of the hyacinth macaw (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus). | this study evaluated the health status and established hematologic and serum biochemistry parameters for free-living nestlings of the hyacinth macaw (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) from the brazilian pantanal (19 degrees 51'-19 degrees 58's; 56 degrees 17'-56 degrees 24'w), for four consecutive years (from december 2003 through december 2006). physical examinations indicated that all the birds were in good health. endoparasites and blood parasites were not detected in any of the nestlings, and ecto ... | 2009 | 19901373 |
| comparative analysis of microsatellite variability in five macaw species (psittaciformes, psittacidae): application for conservation. | cross-amplification was tested and variability in microsatellite primers (designed for neotropical parrots) compared, in five macaw species, viz., three endangered blue macaws (cyanopsitta spixii [extinct in the wild], anodorhynchus leari [endangered] and anodorhynchus hyacinthinus [vulnerable]), and two unthreatened red macaws (ara chloropterus and ara macao). among the primers tested, 84.6% successfully amplified products in c. spixii, 83.3% in a. leari, 76.4% in a. hyacinthinus, 78.6% in a. c ... | 2011 | 21734841 |
| bronchogenic adenocarcinoma in a hyacinth macaw (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus). | an adult female hyacinth macaw (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) was presented for sudden onset of severe weakness in the legs. neurologic examination revealed bilateral paresis of the pelvic limbs and decreased proprioception. results of radiographs and computed tomography (ct) revealed variably sized soft tissue nodules throughout the lungs and invading into the spine and vertebral canal. soon after the ct scan, the bird went into cardiorespiratory arrest and died. at necropsy, several yellow, coal ... | 2008 | 19014095 |
| a survey for escherichia coli virulence factors in asymptomatic free-ranging parrots. | parrots in captivity are frequently affected by escherichia coli (e. coli) infections. the objective of this study was to collect information on the carrier state for e. coli pathotypes in asymptomatic free-ranging parrots. cloacal swabs were collected from nestlings of hyacinth, lear's macaws and blue-fronted amazon parrots and tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for virulence factors commonly found in enteropathogenic, avian pathogenic, and uropathogenic e. coli strains. in total, 44 sam ... | 2012 | 23738135 |
| chlamydophila psittaci in free-living blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva) and hyacinth macaws (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) in the pantanal of mato grosso do sul, brazil. | chlamydophila psittaci (c. psittaci) infection was evaluated in 77 free-living nestlings of blue-fronted amazon parrots (amazona aestiva) and hyacinth macaws (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) in the pantanal of mato grosso do sul, brazil. tracheal and cloacal swab samples from 32 wild parrot and 45 macaw nestlings were submitted to semi-nested pcr, while serum samples were submitted to complement fixation test (cft). although all 32 amazon parrot serum samples were negative by cft, cloacal swabs from ... | 2006 | 16893616 |
| handling technique to increase the hyacinth macaw population (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) (lalham, 1720): report of an experience in pantanal, brazil. | | 2006 | 16710531 |
| management of a nonhealing, superficial corneal ulcer in a hyacinth macaw (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus). | a 26-year-old, female hyacinth macaw (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) was presented for ophthalmology consultation for a history of a chronic, nonhealing corneal ulcer of the right eye. on examination, a 5 × 4-mm axial, superficial corneal ulcer with loose epithelial edges was found. during multiple recheck examinations over 4 months, the ulcer was treated by debridement with a sterile cotton-tipped applicator, diamond burr debridement, diamond burr debridement with cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive, an ... | 2017 | 28891697 |
| excision arthroplasty for management of coxofemoral luxation in pet birds. | coxofemoral luxation, although not a common injury, can cause considerable pelvic limb dysfunction in pet birds. luxation usually is craniodorsal, as it is in dogs. previously recommended treatments have not always been effective in managing the injury. sequelae can include dorsolateral deviation of the pelvic limb, with loss of function and bumblefoot in the nonluxated limb, owing to abnormal weight-bearing. excision arthroplasty combined with a muscular sling constructed from a segment of the ... | 1989 | 2914805 |
| comparative electrocardiography in four species of macaws (genera anodorhynchus and ara). | electrocardiograms (ecgs) were recorded during isoflurane anaesthesia from 52 macaws of four species of the genera anodorhynchus and ara in order to establish electrocardiographic reference values. the birds examined were clinically healthy macaws of the following species: hyacinth macaw (hm; anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, n = 14); green-winged macaw (gwm; ara chloroptera, n = 11); blue-throated macaw (btm; ara glaucogularis, n = 15); and red-fronted macaw (rfm; ara rubrogenys, n = 12). all ecgs we ... | 2000 | 10932524 |
| psittacine paranasal sinus--a new definition of compartments. | documentation of the psittacine paranasal sinuses has been limited. to provide more published detail, spiral computed tomography (ct) was used to scan the cephalic and cervical region from cadavers of 10 psittacine birds (ara ararauna, ara chloroptera, ara macao, and anodorhynchus hyacinthinus). skeletal studies, histologic examinations, and evaluation of deep-frozen sections and anatomic preparations confirmed the results of the ct scans. new morphologic details of the paranasal sinus and some ... | 2001 | 12785700 |
| preliminary observations of tool use in captive hyacinth macaws (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus). | many animals use tools (detached objects applied to another object to produce an alteration in shape, position, or structure) in foraging, for instance, to access encapsulated food. descriptions of tool use by hyacinth macaws (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) are scarce and brief. in order to describe one case of such behavior, six captive birds were observed while feeding. differences in nut manipulation and opening proficiency between adults and juveniles were recorded. the tools may be serving as ... | 2005 | 15248094 |
| what is your diagnosis? bone marrow aspirate from a hyacinth macaw (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus). | | 2011 | 22136480 |
| management of specific and excessive posturing behavior in a hyacinth macaw (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) by using applied behavior analysis. | applied behavior analysis was used in a female hyacinth macaw (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) to reduce specific, excessive mating-type posturing that had become disruptive due to increased frequency, duration, and intensity. a functional assessment and intervention design worksheet was used to evaluate behavior-environment relations and to develop an individualized behavior-change plan. the functional assessment indicated that human attention was maintaining the behavior. the intervention, differe ... | 2012 | 22872984 |
| hematologic and plasma biochemical values of hyacinth macaws (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus). | the hyacinth macaw (anodorhyncus hyacinthinus), considered the largest psittacine bird species in the world, is an endangered species, with a remaining population of approximately 6500 birds in the wild. to establish hematologic and plasma biochemical reference ranges and to verify differences related to sex, samples from 29 hyacinth macaws (14 males, 15 females) were obtained from birds apprehended from illegal wildlife trade and subsequently housed at the sorocaba zoo, brazil. no significant d ... | 2012 | 23156973 |
| non-invasive genetic sampling for molecular sexing and microsatellite genotyping of hyacinth macaw (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus). | molted feather sampling is a useful tool for genetic analyses of endangered species, but it is often very laborious due to the low quality and quantity of the dna obtained. in the present study we show the parts of feathers that resulted in better yield of dna. in descending order these were: blood clot outside the umbilicus, umbilicus (without blood clot), tip, inner membrane, and small calamus. compared to dna extracted from blood samples, dna extracted from feathers produced microsatellite al ... | 2013 | 23569419 |
| chromosomal diversity and karyotype evolution in south american macaws (psittaciformes, psittacidae). | most species of macaws, which represent the largest species of neotropical psittacidae, characterized by their long tails and exuberant colours, are endangered, mainly because of hunting, illegal trade and habitat destruction. long tailed species seem to represent a monophyletic group within psittacidae, supported by cytogenetic data. hence, these species show karyotypes with predominance of biarmed macrochromosomes, in contrast to short tailed species, with a predominance of acro/telocentric ma ... | 2015 | 26087053 |
| population genetic structure in hyacinth macaws (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) and identification of the probable origin of confiscated individuals. | understanding the intraspecific genetic composition of populations in different geographic locations is important for the conservation of species. if genetic variability is structured, conservation strategies should seek to preserve the diversity of units. also, origin of individuals can be determined, which is important for guiding actions against animal trafficking. the hyacinth macaw (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) is located in allopatric regions, vulnerable to extinction and suffering animal t ... | 2015 | 26245784 |
| population genetic structure in hyacinth macaws (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) and identification of the probable origin of confiscated individuals. | | 2015 | 28158600 |
| development of microsatellite markers for hyacinth macaw (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) and their cross-amplification in other parrot species. | hyacinth macaw anodorhynchus hyacinthinus is the largest parrot of the world and is considered vulnerable to extinction due to its habitat loss and illegal trade associated to the international pet market demand. genetic studies on this species are still incipient to generate a consistent characterization of the population dynamics and to develop appropriate conservation strategies. in this sense, microsatellite markers may support the detection of a population genetic structure for this bird sp ... | 2015 | 26626138 |
| ulcerative dermatitis and valvular endocarditis associated with staphylococcus aureus in a hyacinth macaw (anadorhynchus hyacinthinus). | an 18-yr-old male hyacinth macaw (anadorhynchus hyacinthinus) was found dead in his aviary with no preexisting signs. the bird had a chronic history of feather damaging behavior, with severe ulcerative dermatitis. pathologic findings revealed a vegetative valvular endocarditis, myocarditis, septicemia, chronic severe glomerulonephritis, and thyroid dysplasia. staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the valve, the liver, and the skin. repeated trauma and low-rate bacteriemia may have contributed ... | 2014 | 25055625 |
| psittacid herpesviruses associated with mucosal papillomas in neotropical parrots. | mucosal papillomas are relatively common lesions in several species of captive neotropical parrots. they cause considerable morbidity and in some cases, result in mortality. previous efforts to identify papillomavirus dna and proteins in these lesions have been largely unsuccessful. in contrast, increasing evidence suggests that mucosal papillomas may contain psittacid herpesviruses (pshvs). in this study, 41 papillomas from 30 neotropical parrots were examined by pcr with pshv-specific primers. ... | 2004 | 15231383 |
| lactobacillus psittaci sp. nov., isolated from a hyacinth macaw (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus). | a gram-positive, non-spore-forming, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccibacillus to rod-shaped bacterium isolated from a parrot was characterized using phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. the unknown bacterium phenotypically resembled lactobacilli and comparative 16s rrna gene sequencing demonstrated that the organism represents a distinct subline within the lactobacillus delbrueckii rrna cluster of the genus. 16s rrna sequence divergence values of > 6% with recognized lactob ... | 2001 | 11411722 |
| chlamydophila psittaci infections in hyacinth macaws (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) confiscated in brazil. | the hyacinth macaw (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) is the largest species of psittacine birds. it is considered endangered and illegal trade is one of the main factors involved in its decline. in this study, 26 hyacinth macaws maintained under poor husbandry conditions and destined for the illegal trade were confiscated in são paulo state, brazil. these birds were evaluated for the presence of antibodies against chlamydophila psittaci by complement fixation test and c. psittaci dna by seminested po ... | 2013 | 23505721 |
| bacillus cereus infection outbreak in captive psittacines. | this study reports an uncommon epizootic outbreak of bacillus cereus that caused the sudden death of 12 psittacines belonging to the species anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (1 individual), diopsittaca nobilis (1 individual), ara severa (1 individual) and ara ararauna (9 individuals) in a brazilian zoo. post-mortem examination of the animals reveled extensive areas of lung hemorrhage, hepatic congestion, hemorrhagic enteritis and cardiac congestion. histopathological examination of the organs showed t ... | 2012 | 22902190 |
| nasal adenocarcinoma and secondary chronic sinusitis in a hyacinth macaw (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus). | an adult male hyacinth macaw (anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) that presented for acute onset nasal discharge and dyspnea had purulent discharge from the right naris and serosanguineous discharge from the left naris on physical examination. results of a complete blood count revealed severe leukocytosis with a mature heterophilia. computed tomography scans showed a large amount of soft-tissue attenuating material within the infraorbital sinus and associated diverticula. aerobic culture results of the ... | 2014 | 25115043 |
| yeasts and filamentous fungi in psittacidae and birds of prey droppings in midwest region of brazil: a potential hazard to human health. | birds of prey and from psittacidae family are host to fungal microbiota and play an important role in the epidemiology of zoonoses. few studies in the literature have characterized mycelial and yeast fungi in the droppings of these birds and correlated the isolates with the zoonotic potential of the microorganisms. droppings from 149 birds were evaluated and divided into two groups: captive: rhea americana araneipes, primolius maracana, ara ararauna, ara chloropterus, anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, ... | 2019 | 30304251 |
| endoscopic removal of gastrointestinal foreign bodies in two african grey parrots ( psittacus erithacus) and a hyacinth macaw ( anodorhynchus hyacinthinus). | two african grey parrots ( psittacus erithacus) and one hyacinth macaw ( anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) were examined because of varying clinical signs ranging from general lethargy to seizure-like episodes and regurgitation. radiography and fluoroscopy in the 3 birds demonstrated variable degrees of gastric abnormalities, suggesting the presence of foreign material or stricture-like defects. upper gastrointestinal rigid endoscopy by ingluviotomy revealed foreign bodies that were removed endoscopic ... | 2017 | 29327964 |
| presumptive pit viper envenomation in psittacines in a brazilian zoo. | snake bites represent a serious public health risk in many regions of the globe, especially in tropical areas. clinical signs and postmortem changes are well described in human and other mammalian species. however, detailed case reports about venomous snake attacks in avian species are limited. this report describes presumptive fatal envenomations in three psittacines caused by pit vipers in a brazilian zoo. in one case, a brazilian lancehead (bothrops moojeni) was captured in the aviary. in all ... | 2017 | 28920799 |