| karyotype analysis of the plant-parasitic nematode heterodera glycines by electron microscopy. 1. the diploid. | heterodera glycines is a diploid amphimictic nematode with n = 9 chromosomes. nine normal synaptonemal complexes (sc) were detected following 3-dimensional reconstruction of pachytene nuclei from electron microscopy of serial sections. regions of unique 'modified synaptonemal complexes' (msc) were observed along 2 scs. these consist of a heterochromatic knob within which the sc appears either disorganized or stacked in layers of lateral elements. its function is not known. recombination nodules ... | 1979 | 536384 |
| ultrastructure of the anterior neurosensory organs of the larvae of the soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines. | | 1980 | 7191907 |
| characterization of intestinally active proteinases of cyst-nematodes. | cryostat sections of juvenile and adult female stages of the soybean cyst-nematode, heterodera glycines, were incubated with 4 different naphthylamide-linked peptide substrates to localize and characterize proteinase activity within the animal. detected activity was restricted to the intestine and 2 distinct classes of proteinase were identified on the basis of substrate specificity and sensitivity to plant proteinase inhibitors. a cathepsin l-like cysteine proteinase activity capable of hydroly ... | 1996 | 8873479 |
| endogenous cellulases in animals: isolation of beta-1, 4-endoglucanase genes from two species of plant-parasitic cyst nematodes. | beta-1,4-endoglucanases (egases, ec 3.2.1.4) degrade polysaccharides possessing beta-1,4-glucan backbones such as cellulose and xyloglucan and have been found among extremely variegated taxonomic groups. although many animal species depend on cellulose as their main energy source, most omnivores and herbivores are unable to produce egases endogenously. so far, all previously identified egase genes involved in the digestive system of animals originate from symbiotic microorganisms. here we report ... | 1998 | 9560201 |
| in planta localization of a beta-1,4-endoglucanase secreted by heterodera glycines. | polyclonal sera specific to beta-1,4-endoglucanases (cellulases) synthesized in the subventral esophageal gland cells of the soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines, were used to provide the first identification of a nematode esophageal gland protein that is secreted into host plant tissue. sera generated to proteins encoded by hg-eng-1 and hg-eng-2 (endoglucanases) did not cross-react with soybean root proteins on western blots (immunoblots) or in immunofluorescence microscopy of noninoculat ... | 1999 | 9885195 |
| the soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines: a genetic model system for the study of plant-parasitic nematodes. | despite advances in understanding plant responses to nematode infection, little information exists regarding parasitic mechanisms. recently, it has become possible to perform genetic analysis of soybean cyst nematode. integration of classic and reverse genetics and genomic approaches for the parasite, with host genetics and genomics will expand our knowledge of nematode parasitism. | 1998 | 10066608 |
| a bacterial artificial chromosome library for soybean pi 437654 and identification of clones associated with cyst nematode resistance. | we have constructed a soybean bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library using the plant introduction (pi) 437654. the library contains 73 728 clones stored in 192 384-well microtiter plates. a random sampling of 230 bacs indicated an average insert size of 136 kb with a range of 20 to 325 kb, and less than 4% of the clones do not contain inserts. ninety percent of bac clones in the library have an average insert size greater than 100 kb. based on a genome size of 1115 mb, library coverage is ... | 1999 | 10561065 |
| phylogenetic position of the north american isolate of pasteuria that parasitizes the soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines, as inferred from 16s rdna sequence analysis. | a 1341 bp sequence of the 16s rdna of an undescribed species of pasteuria that parasitizes the soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines, was determined and then compared with a homologous sequence of pasteuria ramosa, a parasite of cladoceran water fleas of the family daphnidae. the two pasteuria sequences, which diverged from each other by a dissimilarity index of 7%, also were compared with the 16s rdna sequences of 30 other bacterial species to determine the phylogenetic position of the gen ... | 2000 | 10758866 |
| [inheritance of resistance to heterodera glycines race 14 in huibuzhi black bean]. | heterodera glycines is the most serious disease in the world soybean (glycine max) production. huibuzhi black bean from xing county in shanxi province, china is one of the most important resistant resources. using a set of host differentials for soybean cyst nematode and criterion of race classification as well as method of manual inoculation, race 14 was identified as a prevalent one in the soil population of the experiment station, institute of plant protection, chinese academy of agricultural ... | 2000 | 10887682 |
| nematode-antagonistic trichothecenes from fusarium equiseti. | a strain of the fungus fusarium equiseti isolated from soybean cyst nematode secretes nematode-antagonistic compounds. bioassay-guided fractionation of an extract of the culture broth was undertaken to identify the compounds. fractions were assayed for activity against a root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita), a plant pathogen that attacks the roots of numerous plant species. two trichothecene compounds were isolated that inhibited egg hatch and immobilized second-stage juveniles of this nem ... | 2001 | 11471940 |
| quantitative trait loci in two soybean recombinant inbred line populations segregating for yield and disease resistance. | molecular makers linked to quantitative trait loci (qtl) can assist soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] breeders to combine traits of low heritability, such as yield, with disease resistance. the objective of this study was to identify markers linked to yield qtl in two recombinant inbred line (ril) populations ['essex' x 'forrest' (exf; n = 100) and 'flyer' x 'hartwig' (fxh; n = 94)] that also segregate for soybean cyst nematode (scn) resistance genes (rhg1 and rhg4). each population was yield tes ... | 2002 | 11756285 |
| characterisation of guanylyl cyclase genes in the soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines. | parasitism by the soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines, has become one of the major limiting factors in soybean production world-wide. a partial hg-gcy-1 cdna clone was obtained by screening a h. glycines cdna library with a probe derived from the hg-gcy1 genomic sequence, and hg-gcy-1 full-length cdna was obtained by nested pcr and 5' rapid amplification of cdna ends (5' race). two additional, full-length guanylyl cyclase cdna clones from h. glycines, named hg-gcy-2 and hg-gcy-3, were rec ... | 2002 | 11796123 |
| human proprotein convertase 2 homologue from a plant nematode: cloning, characterization, and comparison with other species. | proprotein convertases (pcs) are evolutionarily conserved enzymes responsible for processing the precursors of many bioactive peptides in mammals. the invertebrate homologues of pc2 play important roles during development that makes the enzyme a good target for practical applications in pest management. screening of a plant nematode heterodera glycines cdna library resulted in isolation of a full-length clone encoding a pc2-like precursor. the deduced protein (74.2 kd) exhibits strong amino acid ... | 2002 | 12039853 |
| ingestion of double-stranded rna by preparasitic juvenile cyst nematodes leads to rna interference. | rna interference is of value in determining gene function in many organisms. plant parasitic nematodes are refractory to microinjection as a means of introducing rna and do not show any oral uptake until they are within plants. we have used octopamine to stimulate uptake by preparasitic second stage juveniles of two cyst nematodes, heterodera glycines and globodera pallida. this new technique was used to facilitate uptake of double stranded rna (dsrna) together with fluoroscein isothiocyanate as ... | 2002 | 12182331 |
| physical mapping of resistant and susceptible soybean genomes near the soybean cyst nematode resistance gene rhg4. | the soybean cyst nematode (scn), heterodera glycines ichinohe, is the foremost pest of soybean (glycine max l. merr.). the rhg1 allele on linkage group (lg) g and the rhg4 allele on lg a2 are important in conditioning resistance. markers closely linked to the rhg4 locus were used previously to screen a library of bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones from susceptible 'williams 82' and identified a single 150-kb bac, gm_isb001_056_g02 (56g2). end-sequenced subclones positioned onto a restr ... | 2001 | 11768209 |
| molecular characterisation and expression of two venom allergen-like protein genes in heterodera glycines. | secretory proteins encoded by genes expressed in the oesophageal gland cells of plant-parasitic nematodes have key roles in nematode parasitism of plants. two venom allergen-like protein cdnas (designated hg-vap-1 and hg-vap-2)were isolated from heterodera glycines gland cell cdna libraries. both cdnas hybridised to genomic dna of h. glycines in southern blots. the hg-vap-1 cdna contained an open reading frame encoding 215 amino acids with the first 25 amino acids being a putative secretion sign ... | 2001 | 11730789 |
| identification of putative parasitism genes expressed in the esophageal gland cells of the soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines. | cloning parasitism genes encoding secretory proteins expressed in the esophageal gland cells is the key to understanding the molecular basis of nematode parasitism of plants. suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) with the microaspirated contents from heterodera glycines esophageal gland cells and intestinal region was used to isolate genes expressed preferentially in the gland cells of parasitic stages. twenty-three unique cdna sequences from a ssh cdna library were identified and hybridiz ... | 2001 | 11605964 |
| neuronal uptake of pesticides disrupts chemosensory cells of nematodes. | low doses of the acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting carbamate nematicides disrupt chemoreception in plant-parasitic nematodes. fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)/dextran conjugates up to 12 kda are taken up from the external medium by certain chemosensory neurons in caenorhabditis elegans. similar chemoreceptive neurons of the non-feeding infective stage of heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode) fill with fitc and the nuclei of their cell bodies selectively stain with bisbenzimide. the widely u ... | 2002 | 12553575 |
| aminopeptidase-like activities in caenorhabditis elegans and the soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines. | aminopeptidase-like activities in crude whole body extracts of the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans and the plant parasitic soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines were examined. general characteristics including ph optima, heat lability, and inactivation of enzyme by organic solvent were the same for the two species. all developmental stages of h. glycines exhibited activity. in older females, activity was present primarily in the eggs. affinity for the substrate l-alanine-4-nitroa ... | 2001 | 11551317 |
| conversion of aflp bands into high-throughput dna markers. | the conversion of aflp bands into polymorphic sequence-tagged-site (sts) markers is necessary for high-throughput genotype scoring. technical hurdles that must be overcome arise from genome complexity (particularly sequence duplication), from the low-molecular-weight nature of the aflp bands and from the location of the polymorphism within the aflp band. we generated six sts markers from ten aflp bands (four aflps were from co-dominant pairs of bands) in soybean (glycine max). the markers were a ... | 2001 | 11361330 |
| signal peptide-selection of cdna cloned directly from the esophageal gland cells of the soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines. | secretions from the esophageal gland cells of plant-parasitic nematodes play critical roles in the nematode-parasitic cycle. a novel method to isolate cdna encoding putative nematode secretory proteins was developed that utilizes mrna for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction derived from microaspiration of the esophageal gland cell contents of parasitic stages of the soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines. the resulting h. glycines gland cell cdna was cloned into the prk18 vector, ... | 2001 | 11310741 |
| a chorismate mutase from the soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines shows polymorphisms that correlate with virulence. | parasitism genes from phytoparasitic nematodes are thought to be essential for nematode invasion of the host plant, to help the nematode establish feeding sites, and to aid nematodes in the suppression of host plant defenses. one gene that may play several roles in nematode parasitism is chorismate mutase (cm). this secreted enzyme is produced in the nematode's esophageal glands and appears to function within the plant cell to manipulate the plant's shikimate pathway, which controls plant cell g ... | 2003 | 12744515 |
| functional screening yields a new beta-1,4-endoglucanase gene from heterodera glycines that may be the product of recent gene duplication. | clones with secreted cellulolytic activity were identified when a cdna library constructed from poly a(+) rna of preparasitic second-stage juveniles of heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode, was expressed in the escherichia coli solr strain and overlaid with a carboxymethylcellulose (cmc) substrate. twenty cmc-degrading clones were analyzed, and all were either identical or strongly similar to a beta-1,4-endoglucanase gene (hg-eng-2), previously isolated from h. glycines. a subgroup of ... | 2001 | 11194873 |
| modulations in gene expression and mapping of genes associated with cyst nematode infection of soybean. | infection of the soybean root by the soybean cyst nematode (scn) (heterodera glycines ichinohe) induces a well-documented, yet poorly understood, response by the host plant. the plant response, involving the differentiation of a feeding structure, or "syncytium," facilitates the feeding and reproduction of the nematode to the detriment of the host. we used a genetic system involving a single dominant soybean gene conferring susceptibility to an inbred nematode strain, vl1, to characterize the ne ... | 2001 | 11194870 |
| comparison of farp immunoreactivity in free-living nematodes and in the plant-parasitic nematode heterodera glycines. | the family of fmrfamide-related peptides (farps) is widely distributed among invertebrates, where the peptides serve as neuromodulators. published reports indicate that numerous farp sequences exist in free-living and animal parasitic nematodes. using a fmrfamide elisa, farp immunoreactivity was detected in extracts of the soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines, in both sexes and at all developmental stages. hplc-elisa results revealed a number of immunoreactive components in h. glycines pre ... | 1999 | 10676453 |
| molecular cloning and characterisation of a venom allergen ag5-like cdna from meloidogyne incognita. | rna fingerprinting was used to identify rnas that were expressed in parasitic second-stage juveniles of meloidogyne incognita, but absent from or reduced in preparasitic second-stage juveniles. a cdna encoding a putative secretory protein was cloned from a m. incognita second-stage juvenile cdna library by probing with a 0.5kb fragment derived from fingerprinting that was more strongly expressed in parasitic second-stage juveniles. the cdna, named mi-msp-1, contained an open reading frame encodi ... | 2000 | 10675748 |
| sgmd: the soybean genomics and microarray database. | the soybean genomics and microarray database (sgmd) attempts to provide an integrated view of the interaction of soybean with the soybean cyst nematode and contains genomic, est and microarray data with embedded analytical tools allowing correlation of soybean ests with their gene expression profiles. sgmd provides analytical tools to mine the microarray data quickly by integrating many analysis methods within the database itself. the expression profiles of genes at time intervals during the fir ... | 2004 | 14681442 |
| heterodera glycines: density-based gradient separation of eggs. | an efficient technique was developed for separating early and late stages of embryonic development in eggs of heterodera glycines. this technique takes advantage of density changes that occur during embryogenesis in the developing embryo and egg to partition the egg within a sucrose step gradient. sorted samples of eggs separated with 82% enrichment for pre-gastrula early embryos and 93% enrichment for first and second stage unhatched juveniles as late embryos. subpopulations enriched for either ... | 2003 | 14990310 |
| expression of an arabidopsis phosphoglycerate mutase homologue is localized to apical meristems, regulated by hormones, and induced by sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes. | we previously isolated a partial soybean cdna clone whose transcript abundance is increased upon infection by the sedentary, endoparasitic soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines. we now isolated the corresponding full-length cdna and determined that the predicted gene product was similar to the group of cofactor-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase/bisphosphoglycerate mutase enzymes (pgm/bpgm; ec 5.4.2.1/5.4.2.4). we designated the corresponding soybean gene gmpgm. pgm and bpgm are key catalysts ... | 2003 | 15010616 |
| qtl mapping and quantitative disease resistance in plants. | quantitative trait locus (qtl) mapping is a highly effective approach for studying genetically complex forms of plant disease resistance. with qtl mapping, the roles of specific resistance loci can be described, race-specificity of partial resistance genes can be assessed, and interactions between resistance genes, plant development, and the environment can be analyzed. outstanding examples include: quantitative resistance to the rice blast fungus, late blight of potato, gray leaf spot of maize, ... | 1996 | 15012553 |
| high-efficiency induction of soybean hairy roots and propagation of the soybean cyst nematode. | cotyledon explants of 10 soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] cultivars were inoculated with agrobacterium rhizogenes strain k599 with and without binary vectors pbi121 or pbinm-gfp5-er possessing both neomycin phosphotransferase ii (nptii) and beta-glucuronidase (gus) or nptii and green fluorescent protein (gfp) genes, respectively. hairy roots were produced from the wounded surface of 54-95% of the cotyledon explants on mxb selective medium containing 200 microg ml(-1) kanamycin and 500 microg ml( ... | 2000 | 10664125 |
| developmental expression of secretory beta-1,4-endoglucanases in the subventral esophageal glands of heterodera glycines. | two beta-1,4-endoglucanases (egases), hg-eng-1 and hg-eng-2, were recently cloned from the soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines, and their expression was shown in the subventral esophageal glands of hatched second-stage juveniles (j2). we examined the expression of these egases in the subventral glands of all post-embryonic life stages of h. glycines by in situ hybridization and immunolocalization. the first detectable accumulation of egase mrnas occurred in the subventral glands of unhatc ... | 1999 | 10432634 |
| polygalacturonase and polygalacturonase inhibitor protein: gene isolation and transcription in glycine max-heterodera glycines interactions. | the cell wall acts as the first line of defense during pathogen invasion. polygalacturonases (pgs) are a class of cell-wall-modifying enzymes with precise temporal and organ-specific expression. a 350-bp fragment with high homology to pgs was identified by differential display (dd) analysis of soybean cyst nematode (scn) race 3 resistant pi 437654 and susceptible cultivar essex. the fragment was strongly expressed in essex, 2 days after inoculation (dai). complete coding sequences of two pg cdna ... | 1999 | 10356800 |
| a secretory cellulose-binding protein cdna cloned from the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita). | a cdna encoding a secretory cellulose-binding protein was cloned from the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) with rna fingerprinting. the putative full-length cdna, named mi-cpb-1, encoded a 203 amino acid protein containing an n-terminal secretion signal peptide. the c-terminal sequence of the putative mi-cbp-1 was similar to a bacterial-type cellulose-binding domain, whereas the n-terminal sequence did not show significant similarity to any proteins in data bases. recombinant mi-cbp-1 ... | 1998 | 9768512 |
| genomic organization of four beta-1,4-endoglucanase genes in plant-parasitic cyst nematodes and its evolutionary implications. | the genomic organization of genes encoding beta-1,4-endoglucanases (cellulases) from the plant-parasitic cyst nematodes heterodera glycines and globodera rostochiensis (hg-eng1, hg-eng2, gr-eng1, and gr-eng2) was investigated. hg-eng1 and gr-eng1 both contained eight introns and structural domains of 2151 and 2492bp, respectively. hg-eng2 and gr-eng2 both contained seven introns and structural domains of 2324 and 2388bp, respectively. no significant similarity in intron sequence or size was obse ... | 1998 | 9767113 |
| resolving tylenchid evolutionary relationships through multiple gene analysis derived from est data. | sequence-based phylogenetic analyses typically are based on a small number of character sets and report gene trees which may not reflect the true species tree. we employed an est mining strategy to suppress such incongruencies, and recovered the most robust phylogeny for five species of plant-parasitic nematode (meloidogyne arenaria, m. chitwoodi, m. hapla, m. incognita, and m. javanica), three closely related tylenchid taxa (heterodera glycines, globodera pallida, and g. rostochiensis) and a di ... | 2005 | 15876542 |
| hgm1, a novel male-specific gene from heterodera glycines identified by differential mrna display. | the plant parasitic nematode heterodera glycines is amphimictic: populations consist of both male and female individuals that reproduce sexually. however, under conditions of environmental stress, unbalanced male and female sex ratios are found. this observation requires an explanation of how sexual fate is determined in these nematodes. as a step towards identifying genes that are differentially regulated between male and female nematodes we have used cdna differential display to screen for mal ... | 1998 | 9763288 |
| characterization of cdnas encoding serine proteinases from the soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines. | three cdnas encoding serine proteinases (hgspi-iii) were isolated from a cdna library constructed from feeding females of heterodera glycines. the library was screened with three separate serine proteinase gene fragments amplified from cdna of h. glycines using consensus oligonucleotide primers. each predicted protein contains a secretion signal sequence, a propeptide and a mature protein of 226-296 amino acids. one of the predicted enzymes, hgsp-ii has 41% identity to a chymotrypsin-like enzyme ... | 1997 | 9364965 |
| genetic analysis of parasitism in the soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines. | a genetic analysis of parasitic ability in the soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines was performed. to identify and characterize genes involved in parasitism, we developed three highly inbred h. glycines lines, op20, op25 and op50, for use as parents for controlled crosses. through these crosses, we have identified genes in the inbred parents that control reproduction of the nematode on hosts that carry resistance genes. these genes, designated as ror-* for reproduction on a resistant host, ... | 1997 | 9258676 |
| characterization of two cdnas encoding cysteine proteinases from the soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines. | two cdnas encoding cysteine proteinases were isolated from a cdna library constructed from feeding females of heterodera glycines. the library was screened with a cysteine proteinase gene fragment originally amplified from cdna of h. glycines. database searches predict that 1 cdna (hgcp-i) encodes a cathepsin l-like proteinase, while the second (hgcp-ii) encodes a cathepsin s-like enzyme. both predicted proteins contain a short secretion signal sequence, a long propeptide and a mature protein of ... | 1997 | 9172430 |
| the synaptonemal complexes of the meiotic parthenogenetic antarctic nematode panagrolaimus davidi: karyotype analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction of pachytene nuclei. | this study represents the first complete reconstruction of synaptonemal complexes (scs) and analysis of the pachytene stage of meiosis prophase i in the genus panagrolaimus. in the free-living meiotic parthenogenetic antarctic nematode p. davidi, pachytene nuclei had an average nuclear volume of 40 microns 3. seven synaptonemal complexes were present (n = 7) and the average total length was 65.1 microns. the scs were attached to the ne at only one end. the nucleolar organizer region was restrict ... | 1996 | 8828173 |
| identification of qtls associated with resistance to soybean cyst nematode races 2, 3 and 5 in soybean pi 90763. | soybean cyst nematode (scn) is a major soybean pest throughout the soybean growing regions in the world, including the usa. soybean pi 90763 is an important scn resistance source. it is resistant to several scn populations including races 2, 3 and 5. but its genetics of resistance is not well known. the objectives of this study were to: (1) confirm quantitative trait loci (qtls) for resistance to scn race 3 in pi 90763 and (2) identify qtls for resistance to scn races 2 and 5. qtls were searched ... | 2005 | 16075207 |
| effects of geldanamycin on hatching and juvenile motility in caenorhabditis elegans and heterodera glycines. | several streptomyces species are known to produce metabolites that inhibit plant pathogens. one such compound is geldanamycin (ga), a benzoquinone ansamycin originally isolated from streptomyces hygroscopicus. we examined the effect of geldanamycin on egg hatch and juvenile motility in caenorhabditis elegans and in two populations of the plant-parasitic nematode heterodera glycines. when c. elegans eggs were exposed to geldanamycin, both hatch and motility were reduced by ga doses between 2 and ... | 2005 | 16195856 |
| karyotype analysis of the plant-parasitic nematode heterodera glycines by electron microscopy. ii. the tetraploid and an aneuploid hybrid. | in the plant-parasite nematode heterodera glycines, 2 forms, in addition to the diploid (9 bivalents), have been isolated and analysed: a tetraploid (18 bivalents) and an aneuploid (14 bivalents, hybrid between the diploid and the tetraploid). observations on the formation of their karyotypes indicates normal and non-homologous pairing. eighteen normal synaptonemal complexes (sc) are present in pachytene nuclei of the tetraploid. two of the scs are enclosed in a large heterochromatin mass that i ... | 1980 | 7419618 |
| partial characterization of soluble esterase from heterodera glycines and inhibition by aldicarb and phenamiphos. | 1. homogenates of tissues from females of the nematode heterodera glycines were clarified by centrifugation and used to initiate characterization of soluble esterases using p-nitrophenyl acetate as the substrate. 2. optimum temperature and ph were 40 degrees c and 7.2 respectively. 3. acetazolamide (a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor) at 10(-3) m did not inhibit enzyme activity, indicating that carbonic anhydrase was not present. 4. phenamiphos (an organophosphate) at 10(-6) m reduced activity by 38 ... | 1991 | 1685431 |
| laser capture microdissection (lcm) and expression analyses of glycine max (soybean) syncytium containing root regions formed by the plant pathogen heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode). | roots of soybean, glycine max cv. kent l. merr., plants susceptible to the soybean cyst nematode (scn), heterodera glycines ichinohe, were inoculated and allowed to develop feeding sites (syncytia) for 8 days. root samples enriched in syncytial cells were collected using laser capture microdissection (lcm). rna was extracted and used to make a cdna library and expressed sequence tags (ests) were produced and used for a gene ontology (go) analysis. rt-pcr results indicated enhanced expression of ... | 2005 | 16307369 |
| the ultrastructure and distribution of an intracellular bacterium-like microorganism in tissue of larvae of the soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines. | | 1979 | 571920 |
| changes in farp-like peptide levels during development of eggs from the plant-parasitic cyst nematode, heterodera glycines. | the plant-parasitic cyst nematode heterodera glycines requires a host plant to complete its life cycle, which involves hatching of infective juveniles that parasitize through root entry. a laboratory population of h. glycines grown on soybean, glycine max, undergoes a sharp increase in maturity between 5 and 6 weeks in culture, as measured by the proportion of eggs containing well developed pre-hatch juveniles (late development eggs) versus eggs without visible juveniles (early development eggs) ... | 2006 | 16469173 |
| characterisation and developmental expression of a chitinase gene in heterodera glycines. | a chitinase full-length cdna (designated hg-chi-1) was isolated from a heterodera glycines oesophageal gland cell-specific long-distance pcr cdna library. the cdna hybridised to genomic dna of h. glycines in southern blots. the hg-chi-1 cdna contained an open reading frame encoding 350 amino acids with the first 23 amino acids being a putative signal peptide for secretion. hg-chi-1 contained a chitinase 18 family catalytic domain, and chitinolytic activity of recombinant hg-chi-1 was confirmed i ... | 2002 | 12204229 |
| identification and characterization of a soybean ethylene-responsive element-binding protein gene whose mrna expression changes during soybean cyst nematode infection. | ethylene-responsive element-binding proteins (erebps) are members of a family of plant transcription factors. conserved erebp domains of these proteins bind to the gcc box, an ethylene-responsive promoter element found in many pathogenesis-related (pr) genes. using degenerate primers to the erebp domain from diverse plant species, an erebp homolog was isolated from a soybean cdna library. gel mobility-shift assays revealed that the translation product of this cdna bound specifically to gcc box s ... | 2002 | 12059106 |
| glyceollin i in soybean-cyst nematode interactions : spatial and temporal distribution in roots of resistant and susceptible soybeans. | accumulation of the phytoalexin glyceollin i in roots of soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) following inoculation with race 1 of heterodera glycines ichinohe, the soybean cyst nematode (scn), was determined in a whole-root system by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and in a cross-section system by a radioimmunoassay procedure. in the whole-root system, roots were harvested from controls and nematode-inoculated seedlings immediately after inoculation and at 2-day intervals for 8 days. ... | 1991 | 16668334 |
| sequence divergence at chalcone synthase gene in pigmented seed coat soybean mutants of the inhibitor locus. | seed coat color in soybeans is determined by the i (inhibitor) locus. the dominant i allele inhibits seed coat pigmentation, and it has been suggested that there is a correlation between the inhibition of pigmentation by the i allele and chalcone synthase (chs) gene silencing in the seed coat. analysis of spontaneous mutations from i to i has shown that these mutations are closely related to the deletion of one of the chs genes (designated ichs1). in soybeans with the i/i genotype (cv. miyagi sh ... | 2002 | 12441645 |
| bacteria associated with cysts of the soybean cyst nematode (heterodera glycines). | the soybean cyst nematode (scn), heterodera glycines, causes economically significant damage to soybeans (glycine max) in many parts of the world. the cysts of this nematode can remain quiescent in soils for many years as a reservoir of infection for future crops. to investigate bacterial communities associated with scn cysts, cysts were obtained from eight scn-infested farms in southern ontario, canada, and analyzed by culture-dependent and -independent means. confocal laser scanning microscopy ... | 2003 | 12514048 |
| a physical map of a gene-dense region in soybean linkage group a2 near the black seed coat and rhg (4) loci. | soybean ( glycine max l. merrill) linkage group a2 contains a major resistance gene to the soybean cyst nematode ( heterodera glycines ichinohe) at the rhg (4) locus near a gene encoding aspartokinase homoserine dehydrogenase (ak-hsdh) and also near the i locus affecting seed coat color. to identify clones related to this region of the genome, we used a pcr assay using primers designed from a gene encoding ak-hsdh to screen approximately 40,000 clones from a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) ... | 2002 | 12582695 |
| arabidopsis gene expression changes during cyst nematode parasitism revealed by statistical analyses of microarray expression profiles. | with the availability of microarray technology, the expression profiles of thousands of genes can be monitored simultaneously to help determine the mechanisms of these biological processes. we conducted affymetrix genechip microarray analyses of the arabidopsis-cyst nematode interaction and employed a statistical procedure to analyze the resultant data, which allowed us to identify significant gene expression changes. quantitative real-time rt-pcr assays were used to confirm the microarray analy ... | 2003 | 12609032 |
| isolation of a cdna encoding a protease from perinereis aibuhitensis grube. | the cdna encoding a protease of perinereis aibuhitensis grube (ppa) was cloned. the deduced amino acid sequence analysis showed that the protein had 49% identity to the c-terminal amino acid 169-246 of serine protease of heterodera glycines. northern blotting analysis indicated that the cdna could hybridize with mrna of approximately 260 bases isolated from the marine earthworm. the cdna was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and cloned into pmal-p2 to construct expression vector pmal-ppa. p ... | 2006 | 16894476 |
| 'candidatus pasteuria usgae' sp. nov., an obligate endoparasite of the phytoparasitic nematode belonolaimus longicaudatus. | taxonomically relevant characteristics of a fastidiously gram-positive, obligately endoparasitic prokaryote (strain s-1) that uses the phytoparasitic sting nematode belonolaimus longicaudatus as its host are reviewed. 16s rdna sequence similarity (> or = 93%) confirms its congeneric ranking with other pasteuria species and strains from nematodes and cladocerans and corroborates morphological, morphometric and host range evidence suggesting a novel taxon. the 16s rdna sequence of strain s-1 has g ... | 2003 | 12656173 |
| research on plant-parasitic nematode biology conducted by the united states department of agriculture-agricultural research service. | the recent de-registration of several chemical nematicides and the impending loss of methyl bromide from the pest-control market necessitate the development of new methods for controlling nematode-induced crop damage. one approach for developing novel target-specific controls is by exploiting fundamental differences between the biological processes of nematodes and their host plants. researchers of the agricultural research service (ars) of the us department of agriculture are actively exploring ... | 2003 | 12846325 |
| the parasitome of the phytonematode heterodera glycines. | parasitism genes expressed in the esophageal gland cells of phytonematodes encode secretions that control the complex process of plant parasitism. in the soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines, the parasitome, i.e., the secreted products of parasitism genes, facilitate nematode migration in soybean roots and mediate the modification of root cells into elaborate feeding cells required to support the growth and development of the nematode. with very few exceptions, the identities of these secr ... | 2003 | 12906116 |
| heterodera glycines: eggshell ultrastructure and histochemical localization of chitinous components. | the eggshell in most nematodes consists of an outer vitelline layer, a middle chitinous and an inner lipid layer. earlier work with eggs of heterodera glycines suggests the presence of two chitinous layers but the vitelline layer was not observed. from our observation the outer chitin layer described in past literature is actually a vitelline layer. histochemical analysis has demonstrated that chitin is absent from the outer envelope. electron microscope observations of the eggshell show a waxy ... | 2003 | 12932759 |
| lotus japonicus: a new model to study root-parasitic nematodes. | sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes engage in complex interactions, and induce specialized feeding structures by redirecting plant developmental pathways, and parallels have been observed with rhizobial nodule development on legumes. a model legume would greatly facilitate a better understanding of the differences between parasitic (nematode) and mutualistic (rhizobia and mycorrhizae) symbioses, and we have developed lotus japonicus as such a model. conditions for efficient parasitism by root-kn ... | 2003 | 14634154 |
| the production of synthetic chemodisruptive peptides in planta disrupts the establishment of cyst nematodes. | root exudates from transgenic potato plants expressing a chemoreception-disruptive peptide inhibit acetylcholinesterase by up to 63 +/- 3%. this inhibition correlates strongly with the efficacy of the exudates as a presoak solution for infective juveniles of heterodera glycines that leads to reduced root invasion. the establishment of developing globodera pallida at 21 days post-infection in these transgenic plants was also suppressed in containment trials. relative to controls, the best line sh ... | 2005 | 17173635 |
| gmerebp1 is a transcription factor activating defense genes in soybean and arabidopsis. | ethylene-responsive element-binding proteins (erebps) are plant-specific transcription factors, many of which have been linked to plant defense responses. conserved erebp domains bind to the gcc box, a promoter element found in pathogenesis-related (pr) genes. we previously identified an erebp gene from soybean (gmerebp1) whose transcript abundance decreased in soybean cyst-nematode-infected roots of a susceptible cultivar, whereas it increased in abundance in infected roots of a resistant culti ... | 2007 | 17313162 |
| a soybean mapping population specific to the early soybean production system. | the objective of this research was to create a soybean [glycine max (l.) merr] genetic resource in the form of a publicly available, well-characterized mapping population specific to maturity groups (mg) used in the early soybean production system. a total of 568 simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers were tested for polymorphism between soybean breeding line ds97-84-1 (mg iv) and germplasm line dt97-4290 (mg iv). a 90-genotype subset of an f2 population from a cross between these lines was evalua ... | 2007 | 17364821 |
| parallel genome-wide expression profiling of host and pathogen during soybean cyst nematode infection of soybean. | global analysis of gene expression changes in soybean (glycine max) and heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode [scn]) during the course of infection in a compatible interaction was performed using the affymetrix genechip soybean genome array. among 35,611 soybean transcripts monitored, we identified 429 genes that showed statistically significant differential expression between uninfected and nematode-infected root tissues. these included genes encoding enzymes involved in primary metabolism ... | 2007 | 17378432 |
| analysis of expressed sequence tags from roots of resistant soybean infected by the soybean cyst nematode. | the soybean cyst nematode (scn) heterodera glycines is the most devastating pest of soybean in the u.s.a. the resistance response elicited by scn in soybean is complex, and genes involved in the response to a large extent are unknown and not well characterized. we constructed cdna libraries made from mrna extracted from roots of the resistant soybean glycine max l. merr. 'peking' at 12 h, 2 to 4 days, and 6 to 8 days post inoculation with the soybean cyst nematode, population nl1-rhp, similar to ... | 2004 | 15060591 |
| soybean fgam synthase promoters direct ectopic nematode feeding site activity. | soybean cyst nematode (scn) resistance in soybean is a complex oligogenic trait. one of the most important nematode resistance genes, rhg1, has been mapped to a distal region of molecular linkage group g in soybean. a simplified genetic system to identify soybean genes with modified expression in response to scn led to the identification of several genes within the nematode feeding sites. the genes were mapped to reveal their linkage relationship to known qtls associated with soybean cyst nemato ... | 2004 | 15060594 |
| novel matrix metalloproteinase from the cyst nematodes heterodera glycines and globodera rostochiensis. | | 2004 | 15138072 |
| molecular characterisation and developmental expression of a cellulose-binding protein gene in the soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines. | secretory proteins encoded by 'parasitism genes' expressed in the oesophageal gland cells of plant-parasitic nematodes play key roles in nematode infection and parasitism of host plants. a cellulose-binding protein-encoding cdna, designated hg-cbp-1, was cloned from a heterodera glycines oesophageal gland-cell long-distance pcr cdna library. the cdna hybridised to genomic dna of h. glycines in southern blots, and the genomic sequence of hg-cbp-1 contained only one intron. the hg-cbp-1 cdna conta ... | 2004 | 15542098 |
| a time-course comparative microarray analysis of an incompatible and compatible response by glycine max (soybean) to heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode) infection. | the development of an infection in soybean [glycine max l. cultivar (cv.) peking] roots by incompatible (i) and compatible (c) populations of soybean cyst nematode (scn) (heterodera glycines) was assayed using an affymetrix soybean genechip. this time-course microarray analysis, using 37,744 probe sets, measured transcript abundance during i and c. these analyses reveal that infection by individual i and c h. glycines populations influence the transcription of g. max genes differently. a substan ... | 2007 | 17653570 |
| pro domain peptide of hgcp-iv cysteine proteinase inhibits nematode cysteine proteinases. | cysteine proteinases (cps) are synthesized as zymogens and converted to mature proteinase forms by proteolytic cleavage and release of their pro domain peptides. a cdna encoding a papain-like cp, called hgcp-iv, was isolated from a heterodera glycines j2 cdna library, expressed and utilized to assess the ability of its propeptide to inhibit proteinase in its active form. the hgcp-iv cdna sequence encodes a polypeptide of 374 amino acids with the same domain organization as other cathepsin l-like ... | 2004 | 15614726 |
| a novel use of anaerobically digested liquid swine manure to potentially control soybean cyst nematode. | experiments were carried out in two steps to determine the effect of anaerobically digested swine manure on soybean cyst nematode (scn) egg control. in the first step, liquid swine manure underwent anaerobic digestion to search for the best digestion time for both volatile fatty acids (vfa) and ammonium nitrogen (nh(4)(+)) enrichment. the results showed that about 17 and 28 days of incubation were needed, respectively, to reach the maximal levels of vfa and nh(4)(+) in the manure. in the second ... | 2007 | 17701711 |
| rhg1 alleles from soybean pi 437654 and pi 88788 respond differentially to isolates of heterodera glycines in the greenhouse. | the production of resistant soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] cultivars is the most effective means for controlling losses from soybean cyst nematode (scn) (heterodera glycines ichinohe). the major resistance gene in most scn resistance sources is rhg1, which has been mapped as a quantitative trait locus onto linkage group g. our objective was to determine whether the scn resistance sources pi 437654 and pi 88788 have different functional alleles at rhg1 based on resistance phenotypes. population ... | 2005 | 15883792 |
| a genetic linkage map of the soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines. | a genetic linkage map of the soybean cyst nematode (scn) heterodera glycines was constructed using a population of f2 individuals obtained from matings between two highly inbred scn lines, tn16 and tn20. the aflp fingerprinting technique was used to genotype 63 f2 progeny with two restriction enzyme combinations (ecori/msei and psti/taqi) and 38 primer combinations. the same f2 population was also genotyped for hg-cm-1 (h. glycines chorismate mutase-1), a putative virulence gene, using real-time ... | 2005 | 15902493 |
| genetic divergence between north american ancestral soybean lines and introductions with resistance to soybean cyst nematode revealed by chloroplast haplotype. | domesticated soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] is a major crop with an established ancestral relationship to wild soybean (glycine soja sieb. & zucc.) native to asia. soybean genetic diversity can be assessed at different levels by identification of polymorphic alleles at genetic loci, in either the plastid or nuclear genomes. the objective of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity based on chloroplast haplotypes for soybean genotypes present in the usda germplasm resource collection. share ... | 2005 | 15947084 |
| genechip profiling of transcriptional responses to soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines, colonization of soybean roots. | soybean cyst nematode (scn) is currently the most devastating pathogen of soybean. scn penetrates the root and migrates toward the central vascular bundle where it establishes a complex multinucleated feeding structure that provides plant-derived nutrients to support the development and growth of the nematode. to identify host genes that play significant roles in scn development in susceptible roots, rna from scn-inoculated and non-inoculated root pieces were hybridized to the affymetrix soybean ... | 2007 | 17977850 |
| selection of heterodera glycines chorismate mutase-1 alleles on nematode-resistant soybean. | the soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines is the most destructive pathogen of soybean in the unites states. diversity in the parasitic ability of the nematode allows it to reproduce on nematode-resistant soybean. h. glycines chorismate mutase-1 (hg-cm-1) is a nematode enzyme with the potential to suppress host plant defense compounds; therefore, it has the potential to enhance the parasitic ability of nematodes expressing the gene. hg-cm-1 is a member of a gene family where two alleles, hg-c ... | 2005 | 15986929 |
| online analytical processing (olap): a fast and effective data mining tool for gene expression databases. | gene expression databases contain a wealth of information, but current data mining tools are limited in their speed and effectiveness in extracting meaningful biological knowledge from them. online analytical processing (olap) can be used as a supplement to cluster analysis for fast and effective data mining of gene expression databases. we used analysis services 2000, a product that ships with sqlserver2000, to construct an olap cube that was used to mine a time series experiment designed to id ... | 2005 | 16046824 |
| cloning and characterisation of a heterodera glycines aminopeptidase cdna. | an aminopeptidase full-length cdna (hg-amp-1) was cloned from the adult female soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines by heterologous screening of a cdna library with a caenorhabditis elegans est sequence. the predicted open reading frame encoded an 882-amino acid protein containing the conserved zinc-binding domain and gamen motif that are characteristic of m1 family aminopeptidases. the putative protein lacks any subcellular targeting signals and displays strong similarity to puromycin-sens ... | 2005 | 16216247 |
| segregation at the scn resistance locus rhg1 in soybean is distorted by an association between the resistance allele and reduced field emergence. | segregation distortion has been reported repeatedly in soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) inbred line populations segregating for the soybean cyst nematode (scn) (heterodera glycines ichinohe) resistance gene rhg1. in each reported case, the frequency of the scn resistance allele at the rhg1 locus was lower than expected. segregation distortion was studied in 51 f4 populations by counting the number of plants predicted to be homozygous resistant, susceptible, and heterozygous for rhg1 based on the ... | 2006 | 16292671 |
| morphological variability and molecular phylogeny of the nematophagous fungus monacrosporium drechsleri. | an isolate of the nematode-trapping fungus monacrosporium drechsleri was collected from cultures of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne arenaria that had been maintained on tomato roots in greenhouse pots in beltsville, maryland. the plant-parasitic nematodes heterodera glycines, meloidogyne incognita and pratylenchus zeae and the free-living nematodes caenorhabditis elegans and panagrellus redivivus were placed on colonies of m. drechsleri grown in petri dishes to study ability of the isolate to ... | 2005 | 16396348 |
| timecourse microarray analyses reveal global changes in gene expression of susceptible glycine max (soybean) roots during infection by heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode). | changes in gene expression within roots of glycine max (soybean), cv. kent, susceptible to infection by heterodera glycines (the soybean cyst nematode [scn]), at 6, 12, and 24 h, and 2, 4, 6, and 8 days post-inoculation were monitored using microarrays containing more than 6,000 cdna inserts. replicate, independent biological samples were examined at each time point. gene expression was analyzed statistically using t-tests, anova, clustering algorithms, and online analytical processing (olap). t ... | 2006 | 16575592 |
| a model plant pathogen from the kingdom animalia: heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode. | the soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines, adversely affects the production of soybean, glycine max, in many areas of the world, particularly in the united states, where it is the most economically important soybean pathogen. despite the availability of hundreds of h. glycines-resistant soybean cultivars, the nematode continues to be a major limiting factor in soybean production. the use of nonhost rotation and resistance are the primary means of reducing losses caused by the nematode, but ... | 2006 | 16704359 |
| pooled analysis of data from multiple quantitative trait locus mapping populations. | quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis on pooled data from multiple populations (pooled analysis) provides a means for evaluating, as a whole, evidence for existence of a qtl from different studies and examining differences in gene effect of a qtl among different populations. objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a method for pooled analysis and (2) conduct pooled analysis on data from two soybean mapping populations. least square interval mapping was extended for pooled analysis by inc ... | 2006 | 16783590 |
| 'candidatus paenicardinium endonii', an endosymbiont of the plant-parasitic nematode heterodera glycines (nemata: tylenchida), affiliated to the phylum bacteroidetes. | bacteria-like endosymbionts of females of the plant-parasitic nematodes globodera rostochiensis and heterodera goettingiana and juveniles of heterodera glycines were first observed during transmission electron microscopy (tem) studies conducted in the 1970s. these organisms were characterized as being rod-shaped, ranging in size from 0.3 to 0.5 microm in diameter and 1.8 to 3 microm in length and containing structures labelled as striated inclusion bodies or tubular structures. a population of h ... | 2006 | 16825653 |
| sequence conservation of homeologous bacterial artificial chromosomes and transcription of homeologous genes in soybean (glycine max l. merr.). | the paleopolyploid soybean genome was investigated by sequencing homeologous bac clones anchored by duplicate n-hydroxycinnamoyl/benzoyltransferase (hcbt) genes. the homeologous bacs were genetically mapped to linkage groups c1 and c2. annotation of the 173,747- and 98,760-bp bacs showed that gene conservation in both order and orientation is high between homeologous regions with only a single gene insertion/deletion and local tandem duplications differing between the regions. the nucleotide seq ... | 2006 | 16888343 |
| structure, expression, and mapping of two nodule-specific genes identified by mining public soybean est databases. | numerous nodule-specific genes, which are involved in the root nodule development and function, have been known and are still being discovered. here, we reported the structure, expression, and genetic map location of two novel nodule-specific genes. first, two est groups, one obtained from a nodule library and the other from all aboveground tissue libraries, were clustered with regard to in silico expression profiles. we compiled a pool of 103 putative nodule-specific sequence clusters. then, tw ... | 2006 | 16973305 |
| genomic analysis of the rhg1 locus: candidate genes that underlie soybean resistance to the cyst nematode. | the rhg1 gene or genes lie at a recessive or co-dominant locus, necessary for resistance to all hg types of the soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) cyst nematode (heterodera glycines i.). the aim here was to identify nucleotide changes within a candidate gene found at the rhg1 locus that were capable of altering resistance to hg types 0 (race 3). a 1.5 +/- 0.25 cm region of chromosome 18 (linkage group g) was shown to encompass rhg1 using recombination events from four near isogenic line population ... | 2006 | 17024428 |
| molecular marker diversity of scn-resistant sources in soybean. | soybean cyst nematode (scn) (heterodera glycines ichinohe; hg) is one of the most destructive pests of soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) in the united states. over 100 scn-resistant accessions within the usda soybean germplasm collection have been identified, but little is known about the genetic diversity of this scn-resistant germplasm. the objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic variation and determine the genetic relationships among scn-resistant accessions. one hundred twenty- ... | 2006 | 17036069 |
| identification of heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode [scn]) cdna sequences with high identity to those of caenorhabditis elegans having lethal mutant or rnai phenotypes. | the soybean cyst nematode (scn; heterodera glycines) is a devastating obligate parasite of glycine max (soybean) causing one billion dollars in losses to the us economy per year and over ten billion dollars in losses worldwide. while much is understood about the pathology of h. glycines, its genome sequence is not well characterized or fully sequenced. we sought to create bioinformatic tools to mine the h. glycines nucleotide database. one way is to use a comparative genomics approach by anchori ... | 2007 | 17052709 |
| qtl associated with horizontal resistance to soybean cyst nematode in glycine soja pi464925b. | soybean cyst nematode (heterodera glycines ichinohe; scn) is the primary disease responsible for yield loss of soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.]. resistant cultivars are an effective management tool; however, the sources currently available have common resistant genes. glycine soja sieb. and zucc., the wild ancestor of domesticated soybean, represents a diverse germplasm pool with known scn resistance. the objectives of this research were to: (1) determine the genetic variation and inheritance of ... | 2007 | 17119912 |
| qpcr analysis and rnai define pharyngeal gland cell-expressed genes of heterodera glycines required for initial interactions with the host. | changes in transcript abundance of genes expressed in the three pharyngeal gland cells of heterodera glycines after host invasion were monitored by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) and the consequences of disrupting their expression studied by rnai treatment prior to invasion. two transcripts were known to be expressed in the two subventral gland cells (hg-pel and hg-eng-1), a further two in the single dorsal gland cell only (hg-gp and hg-syv46), and a fifth transcript (hg-cm) was e ... | 2007 | 17378433 |
| a decline in transcript abundance for heterodera glycines homologs of caenorhabditis elegans uncoordinated genes accompanies its sedentary parasitic phase. | heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode [scn]), the major pathogen of glycine max (soybean), undergoes muscle degradation (sarcopenia) as it becomes sedentary inside the root. many genes encoding muscular and neuromuscular components belong to the uncoordinated (unc) family of genes originally identified in caenorhabditis elegans. previously, we reported a substantial decrease in transcript abundance for hg-unc-87, the h. glycines homolog of unc-87 (calponin) during the adult sedentary phase ... | 2007 | 17445261 |
| developmental transcript profiling of cyst nematode feeding cells in soybean roots. | cyst nematodes of the genus heterodera are obligate, sedentary endoparasites that have developed highly evolved relationships with specific host plant species. successful parasitism involves significant physiological and morphological changes to plant root cells for the formation of specialized feeding cells called syncytia. to better understand the molecular mechanisms that lead to the development of nematode feeding cells, transcript profiling was conducted on developing syncytia induced by th ... | 2007 | 17506329 |
| cellulose binding protein from the parasitic nematode heterodera schachtii interacts with arabidopsis pectin methylesterase: cooperative cell wall modification during parasitism. | plant-parasitic cyst nematodes secrete a complex of cell wall-digesting enzymes, which aid in root penetration and migration. the soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines also produces a cellulose binding protein (hg cbp) secretory protein. to determine the function of cbp, an orthologous cdna clone (hs cbp) was isolated from the sugar beet cyst nematode heterodera schachtii, which is able to infect arabidopsis thaliana. cbp is expressed only in the early phases of feeding cell formation and no ... | 2008 | 19001564 |
| sequence mining and transcript profiling to explore cyst nematode parasitism. | cyst nematodes are devastating plant parasites that become sedentary within plant roots and induce the transformation of normal plant cells into elaborate feeding cells with the help of secreted effectors, the parasitism proteins. these proteins are the translation products of parasitism genes and are secreted molecular tools that allow cyst nematodes to infect plants. | 2009 | 19183474 |
| qtl, additive and epistatic effects for scn resistance in pi 437654. | pi 437654 is a unique accession because of its resistance to nearly all hg types (races) of soybean cyst nematode (heterodera glycines ichinohe; scn). objectives of this study were to confirm and refine the locations and gene action associated with scn resistance previously discovered in pi 437654, and to identify new qtls that may have been missed because of low coverage with genetic markers used in previous studies. using 205 f(7:9) rils and 276 ssr and aflp molecular markers covering 2,406.5 ... | 2009 | 19184662 |
| active uptake of cyst nematode parasitism proteins into the plant cell nucleus. | cyst nematodes produce parasitism proteins that contain putative nuclear localisation signals (nlss) and, therefore, are predicted to be imported into the nucleus of the host plant cell. the in planta localisation patterns of eight soybean cyst nematode (heterodera glycines) parasitism proteins with putative nlss were determined by producing these proteins as translational fusions with the gfp and gus reporter proteins. two parasitism proteins were found to be imported into the nuclei of onion e ... | 2007 | 17517414 |
| locus interactions underlie seed yield in soybeans resistant to heterodera glycines. | in soybean (glycine max l. merr.) combining resistance to cyst nematode (scn; heterodera glycines i.) with high seed yield remains problematic. molecular markers linked to quantitative trait loci (qtl) have not provided a solution. sets of markers describing a collection of favorable alleles (linkats) may assist plant breeders seeking to combine both traits. the objective of this analysis was to identify linkats in genomic regions underlying seed yield and root scn resistance qtl. used were grou ... | 2009 | 19193967 |
| assessing heterodera glycines-resistant and susceptible cultivar yield response. | the soybean cyst nematode heterodera glycines (scn) is of major economic importance and widely distributed throughout soybean production regions of the united states where different maturity groups with the same sources of scn resistance are grown. the objective of this study was to assess scn-resistant and -susceptible soybean yield responses in infested soils across the north-central region. in 1994 and 1995, eight scn-resistant and eight scn-susceptible public soybean cultivars representing m ... | 2006 | 19259433 |