| suppression of chemically and immunologically induced hepatic injuries by gentiopicroside in mice. | gentiopicroside (gps), a main bitter secoiridoid constituent of roots of gentiana macrophylla pall., was tested for therapeutic effects on the two hepatic injury models, the ccl4-induced and lipopolysaccharide (lps)/bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg)-induced hepatitides. an increase in serum level of hepatic aminotransferases (got: ec 2.6.1.1. and gpt: ec 2.6.1.2.) induced by a p.o. treatment of ccl4 was suppressed by pretreatment with gps at 30-60 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days. an increase of th ... | 1994 | 7997467 |
| acyl secoiridoids and antifungal constituents from gentiana macrophylla. | lc-uv-mass spectrometry and bioassay co-directed fractionation of an aqueous acetone extract of the roots of gentiana macrophylla gave three new chromene derivatives and two novel and six known secoiridoids, along with kurarinone, kushenol i, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, daucosterol, beta-sitosterol-3-o-gentiobioside, alpha-amyrin, oleanolic acid, isovitexin, gentiobiose and methyl 2-hydroxy-3-(1-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxybenzoate. the structures of the new products were established from spectr ... | 1996 | 9397205 |
| pharmacokinetic behavior of gentiopicroside from decoction of radix gentianae, gentiana macrophylla after oral administration in rats: a pharmacokinetic comaprison with gentiopicroside after oral and intravenous administration alone. | the pharmacokinetics in rats of gentiopicroside (gps) from orally administered decoctions of radix gentianae (drg) and gentiana macrophlla (dgm) were compared with that of gps alone administered at 150 mg/kg orally and 30 mg/kg intravenously. the metabolic profile of gps after intravenous injection could be fitted to two-compartment model whereas oral administration decoctions drg or dgm, or gps alone, could all be fitted to a one-compartment model. after oral administration of gps alone, gps wa ... | 2007 | 17958334 |
| genetic transformation of gentiana macrophylla with agrobacterium rhizogenes: growth and production of secoiridoid glucoside gentiopicroside in transformed hairy root cultures. | hairy root cultures of gentiana macrophylla were established by infecting the different explants four agrobacterium rhizogenes strains namely a(4)gus, r1000, lba 9402 and atcc11325, and hairy root lines were established with a. rhizogenes strain r1000 in 1/2 ms + b(5) medium. initially, 42 independent hairy root clones were maintained and seven clones belongs to different category were evaluated for growth, morphology, integration and expression of ri t-dna genes, and alkaloid contents in dry ro ... | 2007 | 16972092 |
| effects of gentianine on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in male sprague-dawley rats treated with lipopolysaccharide (lps). | this study was undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of gentianine, a constituent of gentiana macrophylla. the effects of gentianine on lipopolysacharide (lps)-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines were investigated in male sprague-dawley rats. for the first time, we found that oral administration of gentianine (10-100 mg/kg) suppressed the increases in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) (ed(50), 37.7 mg/kg) and interleukin (il)-6 (ed(50), 38.5 mg/kg) ... | 2005 | 15802824 |
| inhibitory effects of the gentiana macrophylla (gentianaceae) extract on rheumatoid arthritis of rats. | acute treatment of rheumatoid rats with an extract from the roots of gentiana macrophylla (gentianaceae) produced a significant inhibitory effect on rheumatoid arthritis (ra). when rats were administered the gentiana macrophylla extract orally at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, the prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)) levels in the inflammatory tissues, sole thickness, and ankle circumferences of feet were significantly decreased. the anti-inflammatory activity observed in gentiana macrophylla is ... | 2004 | 15374610 |
| [controlled clinical trials of therapeutic effects of chinese herbs promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis on the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy with type of stagnation of vital energy and blood stasis]. | to observe clinical results of chinese herbs promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis on the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (rsd) with type of stagnation of vital energy and blood stasis. | 2009 | 20112576 |
| [transdermal delivery of gentiana macrophylla complex components system under micro-needle conditions]. | the purpose of this study is to investigate the transdermal delivery characteristics of gentiana macrophylla complex components system through different parts of the skin under micro-needles conditions. two-chamber diffusion cells were used, different parts of isolated skin and micro-needle pretreated isolated mouse skin were applied separately, high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) similarity evaluation methods were used to evaluate transdermal delivery characteristics of gentiana macro ... | 2011 | 22121788 |
| [macroscopic identification of cultivated and wild gentiana macrophylla and preliminary screening for high quality germplasm]. | to investigate the difference of macroscopic characteristics between cultivated gentiana macrophylla and wild one, analyze the correlation among its main quality traits and preliminary screen cultivated gentiana macrophylla from different habitats based on quality traits. | 2012 | 23705347 |
| the root extract of gentiana macrophylla pall. alleviates b19-ns1-exacerbated liver injuries in nzb/w f1 mice. | the nonstructural protein ns1 of human parvovirus b19 (b19) is known to exacerbate disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). however, no specific medicine for b19 infection is available. the roots of gentiana macrophylla pall. (gm), the traditional chinese medicine "qinjiao," have been used for centuries to treat rheumatic disease, including sle. herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of gm root extract (100 and 300 mg/kg body weight) on b19-ns1-exacerbated liver injury in nzb ... | 2017 | 28060552 |
| iridoid glycosides from the flowers of gentiana macrophylla pall. ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis in rats. | the flowers of gentiana macrophylla have been usually applied to cure the joint inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis in traditional chinese medicine. | 2016 | 27180880 |
| attenuation of stress-induced gastrointestinal motility disorder by gentiopicroside, from gentiana macrophylla pall. | the current study was designed to explore the mechanism of the prokinetic activity of gentiopicroside (ge), from gentiana macrophylla pall which is widely used to strengthen gastric motility in clinic. | 2015 | 25936770 |
| selection and validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time pcr in gentiana macrophylla. | real time quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr or qpcr) has been extensively applied for analyzing gene expression because of its accuracy, sensitivity, and high throughput. however, the unsuitable choice of reference gene(s) can lead to a misinterpretation of results. we evaluated the stability of 10 candidates - five traditional housekeeping genes (ubc21, gapc2, ef-1α4, ubq10, and ubc10) and five novel genes (sand1, fbox, ptb1, arp, and expressed1) - using the transcriptome data of gentiana macrophylla. ... | 2016 | 27446172 |
| chemical and genetic comparative analysis of gentiana crassicaulis and gentiana macrophylla. | gentiana crassicaulis duthie ex burk. and gentiana macrophylla pall. are two main sources of radix gentianae macrophyllae (qinjiao) available in markets, which has a wide range of anti-inflammatory effects and has been extensively used for fighting rheumatoid arthritis. however, they vary in terms of chemical compositions, pharmacological activities, and biomass. in this study, a combined chemical and genetic (hplc and dna barcoding) approach was used to compare these two plants. four predominan ... | 2016 | 27144464 |
| [comparative study on morphological characteristics of root of six species in sect. cruciata]. | to provide evidences for the identification of gentianae macrophyllae radix by comparing the morphological characteristics of six species of sect. cruciata (gentiana macrophylla, g. crassicaulis, g. straminea, g. dahurica, g. officinalis and g. siphonantha). | 2015 | 26930978 |
| bitter gentian teas: nutritional and phytochemical profiles, polysaccharide characterisation and bioactivity. | as a result of the wide distribution of herbal teas the data on nutritional characterisation, chemical profile and biological activity of these products are required. the decoctions of gentiana algida, g. decumbens, g. macrophylla and g. triflora herb teas were nutritionally characterized with respect to their macronutrients, demonstrating the predominance of polysaccharides and low lipid content. gentian decoctions were also submitted to a microcolumn rp-hplc-uv analysis of phytochemicals demon ... | 2015 | 26556333 |
| iridoids and flavonoids of four siberian gentians: chemical profile and gastric stimulatory effect. | some gentiana species have been used by the nomadic people of siberia as bitter teas or appetizers to eliminate digestive disorders (dyspepsia, heartburn, nausea, etc.). we studied the most frequently used gentians: gentiana algida, g. decumbens, g. macrophylla and g. triflora. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical features and gastrostimulatnt activity of these four gentian herbs. five iridoids, seven flavones and mangiferin were detected in gentian herbs after analysis ... | 2015 | 26506331 |
| gentiopicroside prevents interleukin-1 beta induced inflammation response in rat articular chondrocyte. | in traditional chinese medicine, gentiana macrophylla pall have been prescribed for the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions. in addition, it is a common tibetan medicinal herb used for the treatment of tonsillitis, urticaria, and rheumatoid arthritis (ra), while the flowers of g. macrophylla pall have been traditionally treated as an anti-inflammatory agent to clear heat in mongolian medicine. the secoiridoid glycosides and their derivatives are the primary active components of g. macr ... | 2015 | 26116164 |
| simultaneous determination of four secoiridoid and iridoid glycosides in rat plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study. | a simple, reliable and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of four secoiridoid (gentiopicroside, swertiamarin, sweroside) and iridoid glycosides (loganic acid), the bio-active ingredients in rat plasma. after liquid-liquid extraction, chromatographic separation was accomplished on a shim-pack xr-ods column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1% formic acid in water. a triple qua ... | 2016 | 26014753 |
| the root extract of gentiana macrophylla pall. alleviates cardiac apoptosis in lupus prone mice. | the roots of the perennial herb gentiana macrophylla pall. (gm) are known as qinjiao, which has been used for centuries to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). however, little is known about the effects of gm on cholesterol-aggravated cardiac abnormalities in sle, and the mechanisms thereof. this study investigates whether gm exhibits anti-apoptotic effects, focusing on the left ventricle (lv) of nzb/w f1 mice fed with high-cholesterol diet. the morphology and apoptotic status of ventricula ... | 2015 | 25985203 |
| [simultaneous determination of five iridoids in gentianae macrophyllae radix and their local variety by hplc]. | this study aims to establish a new method for quality evaluation of gentianae macrophyllae radix by simultaneous determination of five iridoids (loganic acid, 6'-o-beta-d-glucopyranosylgentiopicroside, swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, sweroside), and to detect five iridoids in the root of eight species (gentiana macrophylla, g. straminea, g. crassicaulis, g. dahurica, g. robusta, g. waltonii, g. lhassica, and g. tibetica). the separation was carried out on a shiseido spolar c18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 ... | 2014 | 25204153 |
| an insight into the genes involved in secoiridoid biosynthesis in gentiana macrophylla by rna-seq. | the dried root of gentiana macrophylla is a well-known traditional chinese herbal medicine for treating jaundice, hepatitis, and stomachic and choleretic ailments. however, natural sources are now in short supply. a lack of information about its genetic background has been a great hindrance to producing its active constituents via genetic engineering. we performed rna-seq to obtain 42,918 unigenes (average length = 667 bp) in its transcriptome. of these, 32,141 (74.89 %) were annotated and 2,339 ... | 2014 | 24706059 |
| luteoloside suppresses proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inhibition of nlrp3 inflammasome. | the inflammasome is a multi-protein complex which when activated regulates caspase-1 activation and il-1β secretion. inflammasome activation is mediated by nlr proteins that respond to stimuli. among nlrs, nlrp3 senses the widest array of stimuli. nlrp3 inflammasome plays an important role in the development of many cancer types. however, whether nlrp3 inflammasome plays an important role in the process of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is still unknown. here, the anticancer effect of luteolosid ... | 2014 | 24587153 |
| [callus cultivation and determination of gentiopicroside from gentiana macrophylla]. | to explore and improve the utilization efficiency of gentiana macrophylla resources. | 2012 | 23213725 |
| comparison of the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of gentiana macrophylla pall. and gentiana straminea maxim., and identification of their active constituents. | tibetan medicine get used to use the flowers of gentiana straminea maxim. to cure inflammation of stomach and intestines, hepatitis, cholecystitis, etc. the flowers of gentiana macrophylla pall. have been traditionally treated as an anti-inflammatory agent to clear heat in mongolian medicine. in traditional chinese medicine, gentiana macrophylla pall. and gentiana straminea maxim. have also been used under the name "gentianae macrophyllae radix" and prescribed for the treatment of pain and infla ... | 2012 | 23063959 |
| [study on the quality and genetic diversity of gentiana macrophylla pall of different habitats]. | to study the quality and genetic diversity in gentiana macrophylla of different habitats for controlling the quality of gentiana macrophylla. | 2011 | 21809537 |
| a modified protocol for the comet assay allowing the processing of multiple samples. | in the present study, we developed a modified protocol for the basic comet assay that increased efficiency without sacrificing assay reliability. a spreader was used to spread agarose-embedded cells on a slide, making the manipulation and processing of multiple samples easier. using this technique, we are able to rapidly prepare five or more comet assay samples on one slide. to demonstrate the effect of the protocol modifications on assay reliability, we present an example of how the comet assay ... | 2011 | 21262384 |
| chemical constituents of gentiana macrophylla pall. | a novel dimeric secoiridoid glucoside, gentimacroside (1), and six known compounds (2-7) were isolated from the roots of gentiana macrophylla pall. their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, especially by means of 1d-, 2d-nmr and hresims analyses. | 2010 | 20803382 |
| identification of medicinal plants used as tibetan traditional medicine jie-ji. | based on the authors' collection of specimens used as jie-ji in local tibetan areas, china, and taxonomic determination, this paper aims to give a list of medicinal plants as jie-ji, formally identify the ones recognized as jie-ji ga-bao or jie-ji na-bao and to offer basic data for further studies on these tibetan herbs. | 2010 | 20692329 |
| [karyotype analysis of gentiana straminea]. | study on chromosome number, karyotype of gentiana straminea for the first time. compare karyotypes of gentiana straminea, gentiana macrophylla and gentiana dahurica. provide cytological evidence for further studies on genetics and evolution. | 2010 | 20575405 |
| changes of gentiopicroside synthesis during somatic embryogenesis in gentiana macrophylla. | in vitro plant regeneration of gentiana macrophylla pall. and determination of gentiopicroside content during somatic embryogenesis are described in the present work. the highest percentage of embryogenic callus formation was observed in murashige and skoog (ms) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) and 1.0 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (ba). calli were subcultured on ms medium containing 1.0 mg/l 2,4-d, 1.0 mg/l ba and 500 mg/l lactalbumin hydrolysate (lh) at inter ... | 2009 | 19548190 |
| gentiopicrin-producing endophytic fungus isolated from gentiana macrophylla. | gentiana macrophylla is a traditional chinese medicinal plant. its dominant active constituents are secoiridoids, mainly gentiopicrin. the objective of this study was to determine whether endophytic fungi isolated from this plant produce the bioactive ingredient gentiopicrin. primary screening was done by dragendorff's reaction and the strain re-selection was done with thin-layer chromatography (tlc) and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) to identify the fermentation products of the s ... | 2009 | 19200701 |
| identification and quantification of the traditional chinese medicinal plant gentiana macrophylla using taqman real-time pcr. | gentiana macrophylla pall. is a commonly used antirheumatic herb. there are four species of gentiana recorded as herbal drugs in the chinese pharmacopoeia. the other species are often marketed as g. macrophylla, and thus the therapeutic effects of g. macrophylla are not achieved. a novel one-step methodology based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology has been developed for the identification of g. macrophylla. this relative quantification methodology does not require a known a ... | 2008 | 19016215 |
| [study on hplc fingerprint of gentiana macrophylla]. | to establish hplc fingerprint of gentiana macrophylla, which was expected to be standards of quality control and identification of the chinese crude drug. | 2008 | 18661818 |
| somatic embryogenesis pathway for plant regeneration in qinjiao (gentiana macrophylla pall.). | qinjiao (gentiana macrophylla pall.) is a perennial herbage native to northwestern china. it has been taken as a kind of chinese herbs for more than one thousand years. the major secondary metabolite named as gentiopicroside accounts for 8% of the dry weight of roots. it has been used for medical purpose in the treatment with rheumatism, osteoarthritis, inflammatory or ulceration. conventionally, qinjiao is propagated by seeds, but the seeds should be planted in one year after harvesting and the ... | 2007 | 17966465 |
| [studies on the chemical constituents in root of gentiana macrophylla from shaanxi]. | to in vestigate the constituents in root of gentiana macrophylla. | 2005 | 16335823 |
| [content determination of loganic acid and gentiopicroside in tebitan herbal medicines gentiana macrophylla and g. straminea by hplc]. | a quantitative method to determine loganic acid and gentiopicroside in gentiana macrophylla pall. and gentiana straminea maxim. by rp-hplc was established in this paper. the two compounds were base-isolated on the coloumn of zorbax sb-c18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 microm) which eluted with meoh and h2o (0.04% h3po4). the methol ratio increased from 18% to 28% in 15 min with detective wave at 254 nm and coloumn temperature at 30 degree c, flow rate at 1 ml/min. a wide range of linearity and the go ... | 2004 | 15810586 |
| separation and determination of gentiopicroside and swertiamarin in tibetan medicines by micellar electrokinetic electrophoresis. | micellar electrokinetic electrophoresis was employed to determine two active components, gentiopicroside (ge) and swertiamarin (sw) in one tibetan preparation medicine named shiweilongdankeli, two tibetan herbal medicines named gentiana rhodantha and gentiana kitag and three other chinese gentiana medicines named gentiana scabra, gentiana rigescens and gentiana macrophylla. the dissociation constants of gentiopicroside and swertiamarin determined by mekc were 7.71 and 6.25. the optimum buffer sy ... | 2004 | 14872543 |
| [primary study on the electrophoresis atlas of the pcr products of the internal transcribed spacerl regions of the rrna gene from home-planted and wild gentiana macrophylla, g. straminea]. | to analyse the electrophoresis atlas of the pcr amplified products of the internal transcribed spacerl regions of the rrna gene in dna extracted from home-planted and wild gentiana macrophylla, g. straminea in gansu. | 2003 | 12858765 |
| [observation on the treatment of systemic lupus erythematous with a gentiana macrophylla complex tablet and a minimal dose of prednisone]. | sixty-two cases of systemic lupus erythematous (sle) treated with tab. gentiana macrophylla complex 5 tablets three times per day or 10 tablets twice per day and prednisone 10-30 mg per day were reported. as controls, 19 cases of sle were treated with prednisone alone at the same time. the results showed complete remission in 86.46% (50/62) cases in the observation group and 31.57% (6/19) cases in the control group. eight cases of sle treated with tab. gentiana m. complex alone also achieved com ... | 1989 | 2736700 |
| [studies on tlc-scanning determination of alkaloids in the chinese drug qinjiao (gentiana macrophylla)]. | | 1988 | 3254040 |
| [investigation of the chemical constituents of gentiana macrophylla. ii. the structure and synthesis of gentianidine]. | | 1964 | 14201074 |
| transcriptional responses and gentiopicroside biosynthesis in methyl jasmonate-treated gentiana macrophylla seedlings. | gentiana macrophylla, a medicinal plant with significant pharmacological properties, contains the bioactive compound gentiopicroside. methyl jasmonate (meja) is an effective elicitor for enhancing the production of such compounds. however, little is known about meja-mediated biosynthesis of gentiopicroside. we investigated this phenomenon as well as gene expression profiles to determine the molecular mechanisms for meja-mediated gentiopicroside biosynthesis and regulation in g. macrophylla. our ... | 2016 | 27851826 |
| efficient methods for isolating five phytochemicals from gentiana macrophylla using high-performance countercurrent chromatography. | efficient high-performance countercurrent chromatography methods were developed to isolate five typical compounds from the extracts of gentiana macrophylla. n-butanol-soluble extract of g. macrophylla contained three hydrophilic iridoids, loganic acid (1), swertiamarin (2) and gentiopicroside (3), and a chromene derivative, macrophylloside d (4) which were successfully isolated by flow rate gradient (1.5 ml/min in 0-60 min, 5.0 ml/min in 60-120 min), and consecutive flow rate gradient hpccc usin ... | 2016 | 27774729 |
| target profiling analyses of bile acids in the evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of gentiopicroside on anit-induced cholestatic liver injury in mice. | gentiopicroside (gps), one of iridoid glucoside representatives, is the most potential active component in gentiana rigescens franch. ex hemsl and gentiana macrophylla pall. these two herbs have been used to treat jaundice and other hepatic and billiary diseases in traditional chinese medicine for thousands of years. | 2016 | 27582267 |