| pacheco's parrot disease of psittacine birds. | pacheco's parrot disease was identified as the cause of death of 3 psittacine birds at an aviary. confirming a previous report, a herpesvirus was found to be the etiologic agent. the virus induced mortality in embryonated chicken eggs and budgerigars. the virus was characterized by electron microscopy, filtration experiments, and ether-sensitivity. hepatic lesions in chick embryos and budgerigars were similar by light- and electron-microscope studies. naked and enveloped nucleocapsids were seen ... | 1977 | 194568 |
| isolation and identification of psittacid herpesvirus 1 from imported psittacines in south africa. | acute deaths occurred in 47 out of a total of 131 imported psittacine birds whilst in quarantine. few and non-specific clinical signs were seen during the course of the disease outbreak, but gross pathology revealed severe hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. a herpes virus was isolated from liver and spleen material taken from 2 birds, an amazon (amazona aestiva aestiva) and a yellow-collared macaw (ara auricollis). identification procedures included virus neutralisation tests carried out in chicken ... | 1992 | 1323676 |
| pacheco's disease in psittacine birds. | pacheco's disease, caused by a herpesvirus, was diagnosed in 20 groups of 47 psittacine birds received for necropsy. a tentative diagnosis, based on history and gross lesions, was confirmed by one or more of the following observations: cowdry type a inclusions in the hepatocytes and cells of other affected tissues, pathogenicity of tissue suspensions for chicken embryos, cytopathic effects of herpesvirus in monolayers of chicken embryo fibroblasts, and demonstration of herpesvirus in cell-cultur ... | 1984 | 6091610 |
| inactivated vaccine for parrot herpesvirus infections (pacheco's disease). | four tests of an inactivated emulsified vaccine against a herpesvirus infection (pacheco's disease) in bodgerigars demonstrated that an effective vaccine could be produced with concentrated virus. virus was propagated in chicken kidney cells, and cells and fluid were harvested 3 to 5 days after inoculation and sonicated. the virus was concentrated 100 x by centrifugation to produce a multiple emulsion vaccine that was protective against im challenge exposure with live virus. the serologic respon ... | 1980 | 6255831 |
| virus isolations from pet birds submitted for importation into the united states. | from october 1973 to september 1981, 2,882,111 birds were offered for importation into the united states. all were quarantined for 30 days, and specimens were submitted to the laboratory for virus-isolation studies. viruses were isolated from specimens from 26.3% (598/2,274) of the quarantined lots of birds. viscerotropic velogenic newcastle disease virus (vvndv) was isolated from 141 lots. nonviscerotropic velogenic newcastle disease virus (vndv) was isolated from six lots. all vvndv- and vndv- ... | 1983 | 6314979 |
| a survey for selected viral, chlamydial, and parasitic diseases in wild dusky-headed parakeets (aratinga weddellii) and tui parakeets (brotogeris sanctithomae) in peru. | thirty-eight free-ranging dusky-headed parakeets (aratinga weddellii) and 13 tui parakeets (brotogeris sanctithomae) were caught and released in parque nacional del manu in southeastern peru from 19 july to 5 august 1993. blood and fecal samples were collected and sera were evaluated for titers to pacheco's disease herpesvirus, psittacine polyomavirus, paramyxovirus-1, and chlamydia psittaci. fecal samples were examined for evidence of ascarid or coccidial infection by fecal flotation, and blood ... | 1995 | 8592384 |
| immunocytochemical study of the pathogenesis of pacheco's parrot disease in budgerigars. | thirty-five budgerigars were infected with the psittacid herpesvirus 1 (rsl-1 strain, atcc) to study the pathogenesis of pacheco's disease. intramuscular (i.m.) and oral (p.o.) infection routes were used in 21 and 14 animals respectively. animals were euthanized on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 post-inoculation (p.i.) and complete postmortem examinations and histological studies were performed. the presence of viral antigen in tissues was detected by immunohistochemical techniques using a rabbit poly ... | 1996 | 8914250 |
| serological status for chlamydophila psittaci, newcastle disease virus, avian polyoma virus, and pacheco disease virus in scarlet macaws (ara macao) kept in captivity in costa rica. | from 1998 to 1999, a total of 128 blood samples were collected from scarlet macaws (ara macao), kept in captivity in 11 different aviaries located in six provinces of costa rica. the sera were examined for antibodies directed against chlamydophila psittaci, newcastle disease virus (ndv), avian polyoma virus (apv), and pacheco disease virus (pdv). testing by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), showed 16 (12.39%) of the samples (n = 129) exhibited antibodies directed against c. psittaci. em ... | 2001 | 11846016 |
| reovirus infection in psittacine birds (psittacus erithacus): morphologic and immunohistochemical study. | in this paper we report on an outbreak of reovirus, herpesvirus (pacheco disease), and/or mycosis infection (aspergillus spp. and zygomyces spp.) affecting a batch of young african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus), with 80% morbidity and 30% mortality. study material was taken from five birds (four dead and one euthanatized) with a range of clinical symptoms (depression, diarrhea, respiratory symptoms). diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical detection of avian reovirus, electron micros ... | 2002 | 12061663 |
| molecular phylogeny of the psittacid herpesviruses causing pacheco's disease: correlation of genotype with phenotypic expression. | fragments of 419 bp of the ul16 open reading frame from 73 psittacid herpesviruses (pshvs) from the united states and europe were sequenced. all viruses caused pacheco's disease, and serotypes of the european isolates were known. a phylogenetic tree derived from these sequences demonstrated that the pshvs that cause pacheco's disease comprised four major genotypes, with each genotype including between two and four variants. with the exception of two viruses, the serotypes of the virus isolates c ... | 2003 | 14512573 |
| genetic characterization of a herpesvirus isolate from a superb starling (lamprotornis superbus) as a psittacid herpesvirus genotype 1. | four genotypes of the psittacid herpesvirus (pshv) cause pacheco disease in parrots. viruses that are serologically cross-reactive to the pshvs have also been isolated from passerine species. dna was amplified from a herpesvirus isolated from a superb starling (lamprotornis superbus) with pshv-specific primers and polymerase chain reaction. a comparison of the partial sequence of the ul 16 gene from this herpesvirus with sequences from viruses of known pshv genotypes showed that the herpesvirus ... | 2004 | 15077818 |
| a novel psittacid herpesvirus found in african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus). | dna from a novel alphaherpesvirus was amplified from a cloacal papilloma, a cutaneous papilloma, and the normal cloacal mucosa of african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus erithacus). phylogenetically, the virus was most closely related to the psittacid herpesvirus, but demonstrated sufficient nucleotide and amino acid diversity to be considered a new alphaherpesvirus. it is proposed that the previously described psittacid herpesvirus be designated as psittacid herpesvirus 1 (pshv-1), and this n ... | 2005 | 16191697 |
| psittacid herpesvirus 1 and infectious laryngotracheitis virus: comparative genome sequence analysis of two avian alphaherpesviruses. | psittacid herpesvirus 1 (pshv-1) is the causative agent of pacheco's disease, an acute, highly contagious, and potentially lethal respiratory herpesvirus infection in psittacine birds, while infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv) is a highly contagious and economically significant avian herpesvirus which is responsible for an acute respiratory disease limited to galliform birds. the complete genome sequence of pshv-1 has been determined and compared to the iltv sequence, assembled from publis ... | 2006 | 16873243 |
| tissue distribution of psittacid herpesviruses in latently infected parrots, repeated sampling of latently infected parrots and prevalence of latency in parrots submitted for necropsy. | psittacid herpesvirus-1 (pshv-1) is the cause of an acute fatal disease in parrots and is implicated as the cause of papillomatous lesions of the digestive tract. not all infections cause disease and some parrots are infected asymptomatically. latently infected parrots are potential sources for virus dissemination. tissues from parrots that died spontaneously with a history of coming from flocks where a pshv-1 outbreak had occurred were examined for pshv-1 dna. fourteen of 16 parrots examined we ... | 2006 | 17121080 |
| pacheco's disease in a hungarian zoo bird population: a case report. | an epizootic of pacheco's disease is reported from a zoo bird population. the infection was introduced by wild-captured patagonian conures (cyanoliseus patagonus) despite 61 days of quarantine. the disease affected several parrot species and, interestingly, three out of seven bearded barbets (lybius dubius). the mortality rate was 30.93%. autopsy revealed abdominal hyperaemia with liver haemorrhages and, in less rapid cases, yellowish discoloration and fragility of the liver. death was caused by ... | 2007 | 17555286 |
| reovirus infections associated with high mortality in psittaciformes in the netherlands. | in the netherlands between january 2002 and december 2004, numerous psittaciformes died showing severe splenomegaly and hepatomegaly with multifocal acute necrosis. at the start of the outbreaks mostly parakeets were affected, but later larger parrots were also involved. seventy-eight birds showed the same features and six were examined completely, including a virological examination. tests for polyomavirus, pacheco's disease (herpesvirus) and circovirus psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd ... | 2007 | 17620175 |
| endocrine pancreatic insufficiency secondary to chronic herpesvirus pancreatitis in a cockatiel (nymphicus hollandicus). | a cockatiel (nymphicus hollandicus) examined because of weight loss, polydipsia, and polyuria was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus based on the presence of glucosuria and marked hyperglycemia. medical attempts to manage the diabetes mellitus were unsuccessful, and the bird was euthanatized. histopathologic examination of the pancreas revealed a chronic active pancreatitis with herpesviral inclusions in many of the pancreatic acinar and duct cells. psittacid herpesvirus-1 (pshv-1) dna was amplifi ... | 2007 | 18065136 |
| a serologic survey for avian polyomavirus and pacheco's disease virus in australian cockatoos. | sera collected from wild and captive australian cockatoos and other psittacine species (n = 411) were tested for antibodies to avian polyomavirus (apv) and pacheco's disease virus (pdv). of 144 wild sulphur-crested cockatoos (cacatua galerita) sampled at three regions in new south wales (nsw) 96 (64.4%) birds had positive (>/= 1:32) neutralizing antibody titres to avian polyomavirus (range 1:32-1:2048). two of 17 wild long-billed corellas (cacatua tenuirostris) were also apv-antibody positive. h ... | 1998 | 18483996 |
| quantification of the herpesvirus content in various tissues and organs, and associated post mortem lesions of psittacine birds which died during an epornithic of pacheco's parrot disease (ppd). | this paper reports on the viral content of up to 52 tissue and organ samples of 18 individual large psittacines which died during an epornithic of pacheco's parrot disease (ppd) caused by psittacid herpesvirus 1 (pshv1). associated clinical signs and pathological lesions are described. the large spectrum of samples found to be positive for pshvl suggests that birds succumb to ppd during viraemia. tissues and organs from which the virus could be isolated included the integument and associated str ... | 1998 | 18484032 |
| immunocytochemical diagnosis of pacheco's disease. | an indirect immunoperoxidase method for the detection of herpesvirus in the liver and digestive tract of two psittacines (ara macao and cacatua sulphurea) with pacheco's disease is described. the anti-pachecovirus antiserum used was obtained from hyperimmunized specific pathogen-free chickens. it is concluded that this easily executed technique yields reliable results, allows a firm diagnosis of pacheco's disease to be made and it would be suitable for investigating the pathogenesis of pacheco's ... | 1992 | 18670969 |
| herpesvirus infections in psittacine birds in japan. | herpesvirus infection was diagnosed histologically and electron microscopically in 21 out of 241 pet birds examined. the infected birds included 14 parakeets (psittacula krameri manillensis) with respiratory infection and three parrots (ama-zona aestiva aestiva), two cockatiels (nymphicus hollandicus) and two rosellas (platycercus emimius) with pacheco's disease. the consistent lesions of respiratory herpesvirus infection were the formation of syncytial cells associated with the presence of intr ... | 1993 | 18671003 |
| mortality in psittacine birds resembling pacheco's disease in spain. | the sudden death of five sulphur-crested cockatoos (cacatua galerita) with no apparent clinical signs was investigated. the birds had hepatitis with intranuclear inclusion bodies (iibs), as well as iibs in mononuclear spleen cells, epithelial cells of the kidney tubules and endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries. ultrastructurally, icosahedral herpesvirus-like particles, 110 to 115 nm in diameter were found consistent with pacheco's disease. this is the first time the disease has been r ... | 1991 | 18680049 |
| [comparison of three strains of herpesvirus isolated from psittacine birds with the pigeon herpesvirus]. | two strains of herpesvirus isolated from psittacine birds in belgium (psihv/b/cu; vindevogel et al., 1978) (psihv/b/u; meulemans et al., 1978) and a third one isolated in switzerland (psihv/s/1355; ehrsam et al., 1978) were compared with the pigeon herpesvirus (strain phv/b/cu1; vindevogel et al., 1975). on chick embryo fibroblasts, the cytopathic effect of strain psihv/b/cu was focal whereas strains psihv/b/u and psihv/s/1355 showed a diffuse cytopathic effect. also, under agarose overlay, the ... | 1980 | 18770276 |
| [detection of psittacid herpesvirus 1 in amazon parrots with cloacal papilloma (internal papillomatosis of parrots, ipp) in an aviary of different psittacine species]. | amazon parrots (amazona aestiva aestiva;amazona ochrocephala, n=6) from an aviary with different psittacine species (n=100) were submitted to the clinic for pet animals, reptiles, pet- and wild birds with the clinical picture ofa cloacal prolaps. the cloacal mucosa showed papillomas, and internal papillomatosis of parrots (ipp) was suspected. hepatomegaly was detected in the radiographs of the clinically diseased amazon parrots, indicating the involvement of the liver in the disease process. the ... | 2008 | 19113029 |
| molecular genetic and pathogenic characterization of psittacid herpesvirus type 1 isolated from a captive galah (eolophus roseicapillus) in japan. | psittacid herpesvirus type 1 (pshv-1) was isolated from a captive galah (eolophus roseicapillus) in japan, which was suspected to be affected with pacheco's disease (pd), an acute fatal disease in psittacine birds. pshv-1 has been classified into four genotypes based on the ul16 gene sequence. in the present study, we investigated the genetic and pathogenic characteristics of the isolated virus, foy-1, compared with a reference strain rsl-1. the foy-1 strain was classified into pshv-1 genotype 2 ... | 2011 | 21636961 |
| identification and isolation of psittacid herpesvirus from psittacids in brazil. | psittacid herpesvirus (pshv) was isolated from 41 birds kept in captivity in belo horizonte, minas gerais/brazil using chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) cell cultures. for this study, leukocytes or cloacal swabs of live birds were used. also, portions of liver, spleen or kidney from birds collected at necropsy were utilized for these tests. pcr tests confirmed the presence of pshv in 100% of samples. thirty-three of the pcr products were sequenced and the results disclosed a 99% and 100% identity ... | 2011 | 21782357 |
| a novel herpesvirus associated with respiratory disease in bourke's parrots (neopsephotus bourkii). | a novel herpesvirus infection in nine bourke's parrots (neopsephotus bourkii, formerly neophema bourkii) housed in an outdoor aviary comprised of multiple species of birds was diagnosed based on histopathology, electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). clinical signs in the parrots included anorexia, ruffled feathers, depression, loss of weight and respiratory distress. the most common gross lesions were moderately congested and oedematous lungs and a mild fibrinous exudate in the ... | 2012 | 23237365 |
| neck kaposiform haemangioendothelioma in a fischer's lovebird (agapornis fischeri). | a six-year-old female fischer's lovebird (agapornis fischeri) presented at necropsy with a cutaneous mass on the neck, 3.5cm in diameter, yielding and with blood content. histopathological findings showed a neoplasm characterized by proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. the histology of the mass revealed a multinodular, focally infiltrating tumor. deeper dermal nodules were made of spindle cells forming vascular slits reminiscent of the histology seen in kaposi's sarcoma (ks). more superf ... | 2016 | 27234547 |
| avian papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma: a histopathological, immunohistochemical and virological study. | in this retrospective study, we describe the histopathological findings in seven papillomas and 45 squamous cell carcinomas (sccs) from psittacine birds, raptors and domestic fowl. the age of affected birds ranged from 3 to 40 years, with median age significantly higher in psittacines (p = 0.014). the majority of tumours were located in the skin (24/52, 46.2%) or uropygial gland (10/52, 19.2%). thirty of the sccs (66.7%) were well differentiated and 15 (33.3%) were poorly-differentiated. sccs ex ... | 2020 | 32138838 |