| adjustments in daily energy expenditure to caloric restriction and weight loss by adult obese and lean zucker rats. | the 24 h resting (postabsorptive) energy expenditure of adult female lean and obese zucker rats was examined both at the body weights each genotype spontaneously maintained and at body weights that were reduced 6-10 percent by restricting food intake for 2 weeks to 70 or 55 percent of normal. at their normally-maintained body weight, lean rats expended energy at a daily rate appropriate to their body mass according to the kleiber equation (predicted kcal/day = 70.0 x bw-0.75kg observed kcal/day ... | 1990 | 2086499 |
| comparative aspects of maximal oxygen consumption. | the respiratory system, that is the set of compartments interposed between the cells and the environment, is best studied among mammals. across the compartments there exist net fluxes of o2 and co2, the intensities of which depend on the animal's size. in steady state, at rest, the relation between o2 flux and body size has the form of an allometric equation in which the o2 consumption, mo2, is proportional to body mass with an exponent or scaling factor of about 0.75 (brody, 1945; kleiber, 1961 ... | 1990 | 2218097 |
| energy sources in fasting grey seal pups evaluated with computed tomography. | grey seal pups (halichoerus grypus) were collected at the time of weaning (early november) and starved for 31 days at thermoneutrality. during starvation body weight decreased linearly, whereas metabolic rate was stable at 1.58 +/- 0.13 (sd) w x kg-1. metabolic rate as related to body weight was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than predicted by kleiber (the fire of life, new york: kreiger, 1975). respiratory quotient averaged 0.67 +/- 0.03 during the 1st wk but increased to an average of ... | 1985 | 4051033 |
| adaptations to prolonged fasting in free-living weaned gray seal pups. | the water and energy metabolism of 12 free-living gray seal pups during their postweaning fast was investigated using tritiated water for determination of rates of energy expenditure and water turnover and changes in body composition. changes in serum composition and urinary output were also measured. the duration of the postweaning fast ranged from 10 to greater than 28 days. the mean daily energy expenditure of pups was 12.0 +/- 1.0 (se) mj, equivalent to 2.7 times the basal metabolic rate pre ... | 1991 | 1996712 |
| [the aerobic bacterial flora of songbird nests]. | in the area around ober- and unterschleissheim, a medium term decrease in the singing bird population appears to be happening. therefore, material from nesting-boxes (used for nesting or sleeping) was examined for bacterial contamination. mainly gram positive bacteria were isolated which were considered to belong to the normal flora. the occurrence of streptomyces spp. is described in the nesting material of passeres probably for the first time. enterobacteriaceae represent only a fraction of th ... | 1992 | 1289040 |
| body temperature and oxygen uptake in the kinkajou (potos flavus, schreber), a nocturnal tropical carnivore. | two kinkajous (potos flavus, procyonidae) showed marked nycthemeral variations in their rectal temperature. the mean tr at night was 38.1 +/- 0.4 degrees c sd and 36.0 +/- 0.6 degrees c sd while resting during the day. body temperature and o2-consumption were measured at ambient temperatures from 5-35 degrees c. with one exception at 35 degrees c, hypo- or hyperthermia was never observed. at air temperatures above 30 degrees c the bears reacted with behavioural responses. o2-consumption was mini ... | 1978 | 80172 |
| size and shape in biology. | arguments based on elastic stability and flexure, as opposed to the more conventional ones based on yield strength, require that living organisms adopt forms whereby lengths increase as the (2/3) power of diameter. the somatic dimensions of several species of animals and of a wide variety of trees fit this rule well. it is a simple matter to show that energy metabolism during maximal sustained work depends on body cross-sectional area, not total body surface area as proposed by rubner (1) and ma ... | 1973 | 4689015 |
| the need to scale for differences in body size and mass: an explanation of kleiber's 0.75 mass exponent. | when modeling intraspecific relationships between selected measurements (y) for differences in body mass (m) using the allometric equation y = amb (where a is a constant and b is the exponent parameter), various studies have reported exponents greater than the anticipated 2/3, often closer to the exponent 0.75 identified by kleiber. a possible explanation for these exponents is proposed based on the findings of alexander et al. (j. zool. lond. 194: 539-552, 1981), who observed that, within a var ... | 1994 | 7896634 |
| metabolic defense of the body weight set-point. | the energy needs of an organism are a function of the tissue mass it maintains. interspecific comparisons indicate that energy needs are a power function of body weight (12). much of the work described here represents an effort to ascertain whether the function relating intraspecific energy expenditure to maintained body weight takes a similar form. the evidence to date from various rat preparations suggests that although some differences may exist, the form of the function for rats is not likel ... | 1984 | 6695117 |
| milk intake, growth and energy consumption in pups of ice-breeding grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from the gulf of st. lawrence, canada. | in this study we document growth, milk intake and energy consumption in nursing pups of ice-breeding grey seals (halichoerus grypus). change in body composition of the pups, change in milk composition as lactation progresses, and mass transfer efficiency between nursing mothers and pups are also measured. mass transfer efficiency between mother-pup pairs (n = 8) was 42.5 +/- 8.4%. pups were gaining a daily average of 2.0 +/- 0.7 kg (n = 12), of which 75% was fat, 3% protein and 22% water. the to ... | 1995 | 7738230 |
| species-specific bird functions in a forest-canopy food web. | bird functions in a forest-canopy food web were evaluated by a large-scale field experiment using 'canopy' enclosures. by controlling the presence of two bird species, great tits (parus major; foliage gleaner) and nuthatches (sitta europaea; trunk gleaner), in the enclosures, their effect on predatory insects (ants), herbivorous insects (lepidoptera larvae) and producers (oak trees) was quantified. great tits reduced the density of lepidoptera larvae and, indirectly, leaf damage, but had no impa ... | 2000 | 11467421 |
| the thermal biology of the white-tailed rat mystromys albicaudatus, a cricetine relic in southern temperate african grassland. | this study examines the hypothesis that mystromys albicaudatus, a cricetine relic in southern africa, has thermal characteristics typical of a rodent adapted to a cold temperature regime. metabolic rate (oxygen consumption) of m. albicaudatus was measured using open-flow respirometry at ambient temperatures ranging from 5 degrees c to 35 degrees c. lowest specific oxygen consumption was 1.352 +/- 0.089 ml o2 g-1hr-1 (n = 8; body mass = 93.78 +/- 6.27 g) at 25 degrees c, equivalent to 121.8% of t ... | 1995 | 7866776 |
| the roles of body mass and gravity in determining the energy requirements of homoiotherms. | studies by kleiber and by brody in the 1930's established the 3/4 power of body weight as the unit for comparison of metabolic phenomena in homoiotherms. later kleiber conceived of the energy requirement as a composite function, with a thermoregulatory component, proportional to heat loss, and an antigravity component that is directly proportional to body weight. maintenance feed requirements have been measured with groups of small animals chronically exposed to several acceleration fields. anal ... | 1978 | 11965665 |
| [checking the identity of stored blood samples]. | the institute for legal medicine in hamburg carried out a retrospective analysis for identity checks of stored blood samples. a total of 70,597 blood alcohol examinations were carried out between 1984 and 1993. identity checks were commissioned for 187 people (0.26% of the total of all blood samples). amongst those, 33 cases of "non-identity" were established (17.6% of all checked blood samples). the results are compared to an earlier study by kleiber over a span of 10 years--between 1974 and 19 ... | 1994 | 7986483 |
| body weight setpoint, metabolic adaption and human starvation. | a biological setpoint for fatness has been proposed in the medical literature. this body weight setpoint functions as a point of stable equilibrium. in an underfed state, with resulting weight loss, the body will reduce the relative energy expenditure by metabolic adaption which reduces the rate of weight loss. previous mathematical models of energy expenditure and weight loss dynamics have not addressed this setpoint mechanism. the setpoint model has been proposed to quantify this biological pr ... | 2001 | 11276532 |
| the reconstruction of kleiber's law at the organ-tissue level. | the relationship between resting energy expenditure (ree) (kj/d) and body mass (m) (kg) is a cornerstone in the study of energy physiology. by expressing ree as a function of body mass observed across mammals, kleiber formulated the now classic equation: ree = 293m(0.75). the biological processes underlying kleiber's law have been a topic of long-standing interest and speculation. in the present report we develop a new perspective of kleiber's law by developing an organ-tissue level ree model co ... | 2001 | 11694627 |
| [effects of individual gene heterozygosity on growth traits in swine]. | genotypes of 24 microsatellite loci were assayed in total of 139 f2 finishing pigs from resource population(large white x meishan) in the present study. there were not significant correlation in sex, family and microsatellite loci effects on birth weight (bw), average daily gain (adg), adjusted weight of 180 d (lwt180), relative growth rate (rgr) and kleiber ratio (kr). individual gene heterozygosity (hi) was estimated by using 24 microsatellites. the 139 individuals were classified into five cl ... | 2003 | 12924157 |
| different measures of energetic efficiency and their phenotypic relationships with growth, feed intake, and ultrasound and carcass merit in hybrid cattle. | residual feed intake (rfi) has been proposed as an index for determining beef cattle energetic efficiency. although the relationship of rfi with feed conversion ratio (fcr) is well established, little is known about how rfi compares to other measures of efficiency. this study examined the phenotypic relationships among different measures of energetic efficiency with growth, feed intake, and ultrasound and carcass merit of hybrid cattle (n = 150). dry matter intake, me intake (mei), adg, metaboli ... | 2004 | 15318746 |
| genetic parameters for measures of energetic efficiency of bulls and their relationships with carcass traits of field progeny in japanese black cattle. | records on 514 bulls from the sire population born from 1978 to 2004, and on 22,099 of their field progeny born from 1997 to 2003 with available pedigree information (total number = 124,458) were used to estimate genetic parameters for feed intake and energy efficiency traits of bulls and their relationships with carcass traits of field progeny. feed intake and energetic efficiency traits were daily feed intake, tdn intake, feed conversion ratio (fcr), tdn conversion ratio (tdncr), residual feed ... | 2009 | 18765855 |
| the value of reproductive tract scoring as a predictor of fertility and production outcomes in beef heifers. | in this study, 272 beef heifers were studied from just before their first breeding season (october 15, 2003), through their second breeding season, and until just after they had weaned their first calves in march, 2005. this study was performed concurrently with another study testing the economic effects of an estrous synchronization protocol using pg. reproductive tract scoring (rts) by rectal palpation was performed on the group of heifers 1 d before the onset of their first breeding season. t ... | 2009 | 19286816 |
| model for energy oscillations in cells. | rapid periodic pulses have been observed in yeast cell walls and these pulsations must be accompanied by coherent oscillations of energy. such energy oscillations are likely to be a common feature in cells and we explore other consequences, either known or unknown, that may originate from chemical oscillations of small amplitude. we do not consider specific mechanisms for the energy oscillations, but here we accept their existence as a fact following from the yeast experiments. chemical oscillat ... | 2006 | 15990118 |
| identifying differences in feed efficiency among group-fed cattle. | identification of efficient animals in the postweaning growth phase for use in selection for improved feed efficiency is important to improve the economic and environmental sustainability of the beef cattle industry. progeny testing using group-fed animals in commercial feedlots is the most common and practical method used to evaluate postweaning growth on large numbers of animals. we developed the cornell value discovery system (cvds) to dynamically predict growth rate, accumulated weight, days ... | 2006 | 16478969 |
| modeling the variability of shapes of a human placenta. | placentas are generally round/oval in shape, but "irregular" shapes are common. in the collaborative perinatal project data, irregular shapes were associated with lower birth weight for placental weight, suggesting variably shaped placentas have altered function. | 2008 | 18674815 |
| a proposed selection index for feedlot profitability based on estimated breeding values. | it is generally accepted that feed intake and growth (gain) are the most important economic components when calculating profitability in a growth test or feedlot. we developed a single post-weaning growth (feedlot) index based on the economic values of different components. variance components, heritabilities and genetic correlations for and between initial weight (iw), final weight (fw), feed intake (fi), and shoulder height (shd) were estimated by multitrait restricted maximum likelihood proce ... | 2009 | 19551632 |
| phenotypic and genetic parameters for different measures of feed efficiency in different breeds of irish performance-tested beef bulls. | no genetic parameters for performance and feed efficiency traits are available for irish performance-tested bulls. the objective of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genetic variation for feed intake, bw, adg, and measures of feed efficiency including feed conversion ratio (fcr), relative growth rate, kleiber ratio, residual bw gain (rg), and residual feed intake (rfi). observations were available on up to 2,605 bulls for each trait from one test station across 24 yr; breeds include ... | 2010 | 19966161 |
| different models for evaluation of growth traits and kleiber ratio in an experimental flock of iranian fat-tailed afshari sheep. | records for afshari sheep were retrieved from data collected between 2000 and 2005 at the zanjan university experimental flock, at zanjan, iran. (co)variance components and corresponding genetic parameters for birth weight (bw), weaning weight (ww), 6-month weight (w6), average daily gain from birth to weaning (adga), from birth to 6 months (adgb), from weaning to 6 months (adgc), kleiber ratio at weaning (wwkr) and kleiber ratio at 6 months of age (w6kr) were estimated using univariate and biva ... | 2010 | 20074184 |
| feed efficiency differences and reranking in beef steers fed grower and finisher diets. | this 3-yr study used 490 steers to determine whether feedlot steers changed their feed efficiency (fe) ranking when fed a grower diet, then a finisher diet. the steers were crossbreds and were between 5 to 7 mo of age. there were 2 feeding periods each year. within each year, approximately 90 steers had their diet switched from a grower to a finisher diet (feed-swap group), whereas another 90 steers were fed either the grower (grower-fed group) or the finisher (finisher-fed group) diet throughou ... | 2011 | 20817856 |
| genetic analysis of growth rate and kleiber ratio in zandi sheep. | genetic parameters for average daily gain from birth to weaning (adga), birth to 6 months (adgb), weaning to 6 months (adgc), weaning to yearling age (adgd), and corresponding kleiber ratios (kra, krb, krc, and krd) were estimated by using records of 3,533 zandi lambs, descendent of 163 sires and 1265 dams, born between 1991 and 2005 at the zandi sheep breeding station at khojir national park, tehran, iran. a derivative-free algorithm combined with a series of six single-trait linear animal mode ... | 2011 | 21465106 |
| the importance of ixodes arboricola in transmission of rickettsia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the czech republic, central europe. | abstract wild birds are known to be a reservoir of infectious disease agents and disseminatory hosts of ticks. the purpose of this work was to obtain information about the occurrence of rickettsial, anaplasmal, and borrelial infections in some ticks that parasitize wild birds in the czech republic. a total of 549 subadult ticks of three species ixodes arboricola (75.0%), ixodes ricinus (23.1%), and haemaphysalis concinna (1.8%) were collected from 20 species of birds (passeriformes). rickettsiae ... | 2011 | 21612531 |
| genetic relationships between feed efficiency in growing males and beef cow performance. | most studies on feed efficiency in beef cattle have focused on performance in young animals despite the contribution of the cow herd to overall profitability of beef production systems. the objective of this study was to quantify, using a large dataset, the genetic covariances between feed efficiency in growing animals measured in a performance-test station, and beef cow performance including fertility, survival, calving traits, bw, maternal weaning weight, cow price, and cull cow carcass charac ... | 2011 | 21680792 |
| Estimating non-genetic and genetic parameters of pre-weaning growth traits in Raini Cashmere goat. | Data and pedigree information used in the present study were 3,022 records of kids obtained from the breeding station of Raini goat. The studied traits were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), average daily gain from birth to weaning (ADG) and Kleiber ratio at weaning (KR). The model included the fixed effects of sex of kid, type of birth, age of dam, year of birth, month of birth, and age of kid (days) as covariate that had significant effects, and random effects direct additive genetic, ma ... | 2011 | 21901301 |
| Organ-specific rates of cellular respiration in developing sunflower seedlings and their bearing on metabolic scaling theory. | Fifty years ago Max Kleiber described what has become known as the "mouse-to-elephant" curve, i.e., a log-log plot of basal metabolic rate versus body mass. From these data, "Kleiber's 3/4 law" was deduced, which states that metabolic activity scales as the three fourths-power of body mass. However, for reasons unknown so far, no such "universal scaling law" has been discovered for land plants (embryophytes). Here, we report that the metabolic rates of four different organs (cotyledons, cotyledo ... | 2011 | 22016107 |
| molecular characterization of 'candidatus rickettsia vini' in ixodes arboricola from the czech republic and slovakia. | the aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of rickettsiae in the tree-hole tick ixodes arboricola in the czech republic and slovakia. during may to september of 2009 and 2013, bird boxes belonging to three different areas were screened for ticks. in total, 454 nestlings and 109 nests of 10 hole-breeding bird species were examined. ticks were found on ficedula albicollis, parus major, cyanistes caeruleus and sitta europaea and/or in their nests. in total, 166 ticks (17 nymphs, 10 males a ... | 2015 | 25769386 |
| predicted and measured resting energy expenditure in healthy young women. | basal energy expenditure (bee) was either measured by indirect calorimetry or predicted by different formulae in 104 young women: 74 lean and overweight subjects (normal weight, nwt) and 30 obese subjects. the predictive equations were based on weight alone (owen, fao-1, schofield-1) or on weight and height (harris-benedict, mifflin, kleiber, and again fao-2 and schofield-2). with the exception of the owen equation all the equations over-estimated measured bee in both study groups. the ratio bet ... | 1993 | 16843268 |
| extension of the avian host range of collyriclosis in europe. | we describe cases of collyriclosis in apodiform and passeriform birds in portugal, switzerland, and germany. we extend the host range of collyriculm faba to include apodiform birds ( apus apus , apus melba , and apus pallidus ) and the passerine sitta europaea (eurasian nuthatch). infections varied in severity from an incidental finding to severe debilitation and death. the infection route remains unclear with the apparent absence from germany, portugal, and switzerland of the first intermediate ... | 2017 | 28099076 |
| feed intake and diet selection in angus-cross heifers of two frame sizes at two stages of growth. | assessing feed efficiency in pasture-based systems can be challenging due to difficulties in measuring feed intake and diet preference. furthermore, heifers may modify their intake of a particular forage species depending on its nutritive and physical attributes and on their own physiological status. for instance, heifers growing to larger mature sizes have higher maintenance requirements, which may affect their dietary preferences. the present study was designed to determine the influence of fr ... | 2015 | 26020178 |
| genetics and non-genetics parameters of body weight for post-weaning traits in raini cashmere goats. | genetic parameters were estimated for 6-month weight (w6), 9-month weight (w9), 12-month weight (w12), average daily gain from birth to 6 months old (adg6), and kleiber ratio at 6 months (kl6) traits using 6,442 records obtained from a raini cashmere goat flock. the parameters were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood procedure and applying four animal models excluding or including maternal additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. heritability estimates for w6, w9, w12, ... | 2013 | 23645513 |
| identification of qtl for live weight and growth rate using dna markers on chromosome 3 in an f2 population of japanese quail. | the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) is an important agricultural species and is an animal model for genetic researches. this study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (qtl) affecting live weight and growth rate on chromosome 3 in quail. two strains of japanese quail including wild and white were crossed reciprocally and f1 generation was created. the birds from f2 generation were measured for growth traits and all of 472 birds (8 pairs from the parental strains, 34 f1 birds and ... | 2014 | 24385302 |
| host specificity of a bird-specialised endophilic ectoparasite, the tree-hole tick ixodes arboricola. | host specialisation in parasites can be due to either limited exposure or limited adaptation to different host types. when the first barrier is lifted experimentally, the degree of adaptive specialisation can be studied. the tree-hole tick ixodes arboricola is an endophilic parasite with a narrow host range, found in nest boxes used mainly by great and blue tits (parus major, cyanistes caeruleus) and to a lesser extent by pied flycatchers (ficedula hypoleuca) and nuthatches (sitta europaea). in ... | 2014 | 25231076 |
| asymmetries in commitment in an avian communication network. | mobbing of predators occurs within a conspecific and heterospecific context but has not been quantified within the framework of a communication network and analysed with respect to heterospecific reciprocity. here, we used playbacks of mobbing calls to show that mobbing is unequally distributed within a community of deciduous forest birds. five species (great tit parus major, blue tit cyanistes caeruleus, marsh tit poecile palustris, nuthatch sitta europaea and chaffinch fringilla coelebs) respo ... | 2013 | 23325292 |
| rate of metabolism during lactation in small terrestrial mammals (crocidura russula, mus domesticus and microtus arvalis). | basal rate of metabolism (bmr) and resting maternal rate of metabolism around peak lactation (rmr(l)) were measured in crocidura russula, mus domesticus and microtus arvalis. these species have a moderate or high bmr relative to the scaling relationship of kleiber. one goal of the study was to check whether females of these species show elevated rates of metabolism during lactation. a second goal was to test for a possible intraspecific correlation between the level of bmr and the change in rate ... | 2006 | 16630734 |
| new species and records of quill mites of the family syringophilidae (acari: prostigmata) from the passerines (aves: passeriformes) from the russian far east. | two new species, syringophilopisis pari sp. nov. from poecile palustris linnaeus (paridae) and torotrogla volgini sp. nov. from emberiza elegans temminck (emberizidae) are described. additionally, new host species are reported for three syringophilid species: emberiza tristrami swinhoe and e. rutila pallas for betasyringophiloidus schoeniclus (skoracki); sitta europaea linnaeus (sittidae) for syringophilopsis sittae skoracki et al., and zosterops erythropleurus swinhoe (zosteropidae) for neoaulo ... | 2013 | 26287106 |
| energetics during nursing and early postweaning fasting in hooded seal (cystophora cristata) pups from the gulf of st lawrence, canada. | in this study we measured growth and milk intake and calculated energy intake and its allocation into metabolism and stored tissue for hooded seal (cystophora cristata) pups. in addition, we measured mass loss, change in body composition and metabolic rate during the first days of the postweaning fast. the mean body mass of the hooded seal pups (n = 5) at the start of the experiments, when they were new-born, was 24.3 +/- 1.3 kg (sd). they gained an average of 5.9 +/- 1.1. kg.day-1 of which 19% ... | 1997 | 9120069 |
| energy intake and utilisation by nursing bearded seal (erignathus barbatus) pups from svalbard, norway. | in this study we measure energy intake via milk in nursing bearded seal (erignathus barbatus) pups and determine how this energy is allocated into metabolism and storage of new tissues. this was accomplished using longitudinal mass gain records and the doubly labelled water technique on nursing pups in combination with cross-sectional data on changes in milk composition from bearded seal mothers. the pups (n = 3) were all less than a week old at the start of the experiments. pups gained 3.3 +/- ... | 1996 | 8956501 |
| metabolic rates and thermal conductance in four species of neotropical bats roosting in hot caves. | data are presented on metabolic rates and thermal conductance for four species of neotropical bats, pteronotus quadridens, mormoops blainvillii (mormoopidae), monophyllus redmani and erophylla bombifrons (phyllostomidae). each of these bats predominantly or exclusively roosts in hot caves (28-40 degrees c) in puerto rico. basal metabolic rates (bmr) for these four species were 55%, 48%, 66%, and 66% of values expected from the kleiber curve, respectively. thermal conductance was 93%, 55%, 175%, ... | 1995 | 7735903 |
| phenological differences among selected residents and long-distance migrant bird species in central europe. | the phenological responses to climate of residents and migrants (short- and long-distance) differ. although few previous studies have focussed on this topic, the agree that changes in phenology are more apparent for residents than for long-distance migrants. we analysed the breeding times of two selected residents (sitta europaea, parus major) and one long-distance migrant (ficedula albicollis) from 1961 to 2007 in central europe. the timing of the phenophases of all three bird species showed a ... | 2014 | 23640249 |
| metabolic allometric scaling model: combining cellular transportation and heat dissipation constraints. | living organisms need energy to be 'alive'. energy is produced by the biochemical processing of nutrients, and the rate of energy production is called the metabolic rate. metabolism is very important from evolutionary and ecological perspectives, and for organismal development and functioning. it depends on different parameters, of which organism mass is considered to be one of the most important. simple relationships between the mass of organisms and their metabolic rates were empirically disco ... | 2016 | 27284070 |
| genetic analysis and the estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlation of growth rates, kleiber ratios, and fat-tail dimensions with birth to yearling live body weight traits in makuie sheep. | genetic parameter estimates of growth rates, kleiber ratios, and fat-tail dimensions were aimed using 22, 253 records at the present study. the studied traits were average daily gain from birth to weaning, average daily gain from 9 months of age to yearling, kleiber ratio from birth to weaning, kleiber ratio from 9 months of age to yearling, fat-tail length, fat-tail width, and fat-tail thickness. each trait was fitted by four different animal models, which are differentiated by including or exc ... | 2016 | 26739342 |
| kleiber's law: how the fire of life ignited debate, fueled theory, and neglected plants as model organisms. | size is a key feature of any organism since it influences the rate at which resources are consumed and thus affects metabolic rates. in the 1930s, size-dependent relationships were codified as "allometry" and it was shown that most of these could be quantified using the slopes of log-log plots of any 2 variables of interest. during the decades that followed, physiologists explored how animal respiration rates varied as a function of body size across taxa. the expectation was that rates would sca ... | 2015 | 26156204 |
| validating an energy expenditure prediction equation in overweight and obese mexican patients. | the prevalence of overweight and obesity in mexico is approximately 70%; thus, obtaining a reliable measurement of the resting energy expenditure (ree) in these patients is of extreme importance. the aim of the study was to obtain a prediction equation of ree in overweight or obese outpatients in the mexican population. | 2014 | 25335657 |
| validated biomechanical model for efficiency and speed of rowing. | the speed of a competitive rowing crew depends on the number of crew members, their body mass, sex and the type of rowing-sweep rowing or sculling. the time-averaged speed is proportional to the rower's body mass to the 1/36th power, to the number of crew members to the 1/9th power and to the physiological efficiency (accounted for by the rower's sex) to the 1/3rd power. the quality of the rowing shell and propulsion system is captured by one dimensionless parameter that takes the mechanical eff ... | 2014 | 25189093 |
| swiss life sciences - a science communication project for both schools and the wider public led by the foundation science et cité. | the foundation science et cité was founded 1998 with the aim to inform the wider swiss public about current scientific topics and to generate a dialogue between science and society. initiated as an independent foundation by the former state secretary for science and research, dr. charles kleiber, science et cité is now attached to the swiss academies of arts and sciences as a competence center for dialogue with the public. due to its branches in all language regions of the country, the foundatio ... | 2012 | 23394243 |
| year-round territorial aggression is independent of plasma dhea in the european nuthatch sitta europaea. | plasma testosterone can play an important role in promoting aggressive behaviors relating to territory defense in breeding male birds. some birds defend territories also during the non-breeding phase, when testosterone circulates at basal levels. in such species, plasma levels of the pro-hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) may support non-breeding territoriality by acting as a local substrate for sex steroids. to test this possible role of plasma dhea, we examined the seasonal dhea profile of ... | 2013 | 23063536 |
| multilocus coalescence analyses support a mtdna-based phylogeographic history for a widespread palearctic passerine bird, sitta europaea. | our understanding of species phylogeography in much of the palearctic is incomplete. in addition, many existing studies based solely on mitochondrial dna (mtdna) can provide a biased view of phylogeographic history because of the effects of lineage sorting, natural selection, or hybridization. we analyzed 13 introns to assess a mtdna study of the eurasian nuthatch (sitta europaea) that suggested a seemingly contemporaneous origin of distinct taxa in the caucasus, europe, and asia. neutrality tes ... | 2012 | 22946807 |
| evidence of residual feed intake reranking in crossbred replacement heifers. | the objective of the study was to examine whether residual feed intake (rfi) reranking exists between 2 consecutive periods in replacement heifers fed the same diet. the study collected feed intake and bw data from 190 crossbred heifers over a 3-yr period (61 in 2007, 68 in 2008, and 61 in 2009) during the winter-spring season. the heifers were fed a roughage-based diet (90% barley silage and 10% rolled barley grain) throughout the feeding trial, which was broken down into 2 feeding periods with ... | 2012 | 22003232 |
| impact of season and social challenge on testosterone and corticosterone levels in a year-round territorial bird. | plasma testosterone increases during breeding in many male vertebrates and has long been implicated in the promotion of aggressive behaviors relating to territory and mate defense. males of some species also defend territories outside of the breeding period. for example, the european nuthatch (sitta europaea) defends an all-purpose territory throughout the year. to contribute to the growing literature regarding the hormonal correlates of non-breeding territoriality, we investigated the seasonal ... | 2010 | 20211184 |
| simulations of icl-(co2)n photodissociation: effects of structure, excited state charge flow, and solvent dynamics. | experiments on the photodissociation of icl(-) within size-selected co(2) clusters [nadal, m. e.; kleiber, p. d.; lineberger, w. c. j. chem. phys. 1996, 105, 504.] differ from analogous experiments on homonuclear systems in two major ways: an early onset of caged, icl(-)-based products with cluster size peaking at n = 5 and a rapid decline of caging after n = 5 in favor of dissociated, cl(-)-based fragments. using an effective hamiltonian model for the solute electronic structure and nonadiabati ... | 2010 | 19764765 |
| evolutionary plant physiology: charles darwin's forgotten synthesis. | charles darwin dedicated more than 20 years of his life to a variety of investigations on higher plants (angiosperms). it has been implicitly assumed that these studies in the fields of descriptive botany and experimental plant physiology were carried out to corroborate his principle of descent with modification. however, darwin's son francis, who was a professional plant biologist, pointed out that the interests of his father were both of a physiological and an evolutionary nature. in this arti ... | 2009 | 19763527 |
| the terrestrial evolution of metabolism and life - by the numbers. | allometric scaling relating body mass to metabolic rate by an exponent of the former (kleiber's law), commonly known as quarter-power scaling (qps), is controversial for claims made on its behalf, especially that of its universality for all life. as originally formulated, kleiber was based upon the study of heat; metabolic rate is quantified in watts (or calories per unit time). techniques and technology for metabolic energy measurement have been refined but the math has not. qps is susceptible ... | 2009 | 19712477 |
| new equation for the prediction of resting energy expenditure during pregnancy. | the equation for the prediction of resting energy expenditure (ree) during pregnancy is unknown. the aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to determine a new equation for prediction of ree in pregnancy. | 2009 | 19477620 |
| traditional allometric analysis fails to provide a valid predictive model for mammalian metabolic rates. | the field of biological allometry was energized by the publication in 1997 of a theoretical model purporting to explain 3/4-power scaling of metabolic rate with body mass in mammals. this 3/4-power scaling exponent, which was first reported by max kleiber in 1932, has been derived repeatedly in empirical research by independent investigators and has come to be known as 'kleiber's law'. the exponent was estimated in virtually every instance, however, by fitting a straight line to logarithmic tran ... | 2008 | 18978222 |
| [energy expenditure in critically ill children: correlation with clinical characteristics, caloric intake, and predictive equations]. | to study energy expenditure (ee) in critically ill infants and children and its correlation with clinical characteristics, treatment, nutrition, caloric intake, and predicted energy expenditure calculated through theoretical formulas. | 2007 | 17349248 |
| striving for distraction. interview by james m stubenrauch. | as part of its raise the voice campaign, in november 2006 the american academy of nursing (aan) named ann marie mccarthy and charmaine kleiber as "edge runners"--nurses who identify new models of care that integrate the physical and mental health of patients and who make a "clear connection between research and practical solutions." pat fort-rogner, chief executive officer of the aan, says "we hope patient-advocacy groups and federal agencies like the agency for healthcare research and quality w ... | 2007 | 17314575 |
| contributions of animal nutrition research to nutritional principles: energetics. | recognition of the parallels between animal life and flame provided the impetus to view life as combustion. animal digestion and metabolism experiments revealed principles of nutrient sources of energy, the relation of chemical content to absorbed nutrient value, respiratory quotient, and biological value. measurements of heat loss by animals revealed dramatic, >30-fold, differences in mass specific biological oxidation, leading to mass exponential descriptions of these metabolic rates, e.g., th ... | 2007 | 17311964 |
| selective neutrality of mitochondrial nd2 sequences, phylogeography and species limits in sitta europaea. | variation and geographic differentiation in mitochondrial dna (mtdna) was studied in the widespread and phenotypically variable eurasian nuthatch (sitta europaea). to assess whether sequences were evolving in a selectively neutral fashion, we used mcdonald-kreitman [nature 351 (1991) 652] tests and a tree-based method, which suggested that although nd2 sequences are affected by natural selection against slightly deleterious alleles, the effects do not compromise phylogeographic inferences. three ... | 2006 | 16716603 |
| membranes and the setting of energy demand. | in his classic 1961 book, the fire of life, max kleiber presented a critique of the theories advanced to explain the bmr-body size relationship. one of the theories he dismissed was that the chemical composition of animals varies with body size. since this time, however, much has been learned about the make-up of bmr in different animals as well as the chemical composition of different-sized animals. specifically, in recent years it has become obvious that mammal species and bird species do vary ... | 2005 | 15855390 |
| can greater muscularity in larger individuals resolve the 3/4 power-law controversy when modelling maximum oxygen uptake? | the power function relationship, mr = a.m(b), between metabolic rate (mr) and body mass m has been the source of much controversy amongst biologists for many years. various studies have reported mass exponents (b) greater than the anticipated 'surface-area' exponent 0.67, often closer to 0.75 originally identified by kleiber. | 2004 | 15513694 |
| predicted versus measured energy expenditure by continuous, online indirect calorimetry in ventilated, critically ill children during the early postinjury period. | compare the energy expenditure, predicted by anthropometric equations, with that measured by continuous on-line indirect calorimetry in ventilated, critically ill children during the early postinjury period. | 2004 | 14697104 |
| kleiber and planck: the missing link? | | 2002 | 12365438 |
| measured versus estimated energy expenditure in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. | accurate determination of energy expenditure is essential in patients receiving nutritional support to meet metabolic needs. the purpose of this study was to assess and compare the energy expenditure as measured by indirect calorimetry (mee) and estimated by 5 equations in the mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. forty-six patients were divided into either enteral nutrition (en) (n=l2), total parenteral nutrition (tpn) (n=16) or combined (en plus tpn) (n=l8) groups. patients' energy ... | 2002 | 12056791 |
| anatomic and physiologic reference values in least shrews (cryptotis parva). | the least shrew is an established animal model for reproductive and pharmacologic research. biologic reference data are needed to assess animal health status and provide a rationale for use of novel statistical programs to evaluate the effects of orally administered substances in toxicologic and pharmacologic studies. | 2001 | 11924816 |
| allometry of mammalian cellular oxygen consumption. | in the 1930s, max kleiber and samuel brody established that the interspecies correlation between mammalian body mass and metabolic rate (alpham(0.75)) cannot be explained (solely) by whole body surface area (alpham(0.66)) to volume ratios. metabolic considerations must also be taken into account. decreases in the proportion of visceral organ mass to whole body mass can account for some of the whole body metabolic differences. however, superimposed upon these anatomical differences, the metabolis ... | 2001 | 11437240 |
| re-examination of the "3/4-law" of metabolism. | we examine the scaling law b is proportional to m(alpha)which connects organismal resting metabolic rate b with organismal mass m, where alpha is commonly held to be 3/4. since simple dimensional analysis suggests alpha = 2/3, we consider this to be a null hypothesis testable by empirical studies. we re-analyse data sets for mammals and birds compiled by heusner, bennett and harvey, bartels, hemmingsen, brody, and kleiber, and find little evidence for rejecting alpha = 2/3 in favor of alpha = 3/ ... | 2001 | 11237567 |
| nuthatches (sitta europaea: aves) in forest fragments: demography of a patchy population. | breeding density, local survival and summer recruitment of nuthatches were evaluated in a population scattered over many small (1-30 ha) forest fragments, and compared with study plots inside larger forests. since most young birds settle outside the fragment in which they were born this population corresponds to the "patchy population" concept implying that patterns in abundance may be better explained by processes at the population level than by metapopulation processes. mean breeding density w ... | 1999 | 28307708 |
| the influences of habitat, landscape structure and climate on local distribution patterns of the nuthatch (sitta europaea l.). | the nuthatch, sitta europaea l., is a small (23 g), cavity-nesting woodland bird which, since the 1970s, has been expanding its range in britain. however, within this range, the species is notably scarce in an area of eastern england. this gap in the species distribution could arise for several reasons including habitat quality, local landscape structure, regional landscape structure and climate. field surveys and logistic models of breeding nuthatch presence/absence were used to investigate the ... | 1998 | 28308443 |
| empathy as related to creativity, dogmatism, and expressiveness. | empathy (affective sensitivity) was hypothesized to be positively related to creativity and expressiveness and inversely related to dogmatism, when gender and age were controlled. participants were 56 graduate students enrolled in counseling and educational psychology courses at a large southwestern (u.s.) university. participants were administered the affective sensitivity scale (kagan & schneider, 1977) to measure empathy, the statement of past creative activities (bull & davis, 1980) to measu ... | 1995 | 7650632 |
| [max kleiber--life and work]. | | 1995 | 7716480 |
| [manifestations of screwdriver injuries]. | report on three homicides, in which apart from other kinds of mechanical traumas there were also injuries due to stabs with a screwdriver; in one case a screwdriver with a cross-shaped tip was used; in the two other cases the weapon was a regular blade screwdriver with a single-edged tip. supplementing the systematic studies by brinkmann and kleiber (arch. kriminol. 161, 31-40 [1978]) several other findings concerning screwdriver injuries are reported; non-penetrating impact lesions of the skin ... | 2009 | 8215759 |
| nesting holes and food supply in relation to forest bird densities on islands and mainland. | bird densities were estimated on 41 small islands and two mainland plots at a south swedish lake both in 1976 and 1983. in the latter year, three additional plots were also censused. the ratio between combined densities of hole-nesting birds on the mainland and on islands was 3:1 both in plots without and with nest boxes. in plots with boxes combined densities of hole-nesting birds doubled compared with control plots. this increase was caused by a tenfold increase of pied flycatcher ficedula hyp ... | 1985 | 28310792 |
| condition-dependence of pheomelanin-based coloration in nuthatches sitta europaea suggests a detoxifying function: implications for the evolution of juvenile plumage patterns. | adult-like juvenile plumage patterns often signal genotypic quality to parents. during adulthood, the same patterns often signal quality to mates. this has led to assume that adult-like juvenile plumage is a developmental consequence of sexual selection operating in adults. many of these patterns are produced by the pigment pheomelanin, whose synthesis may help remove toxic excess cysteine. excess cysteine is likely to arise under conditions of relatively low stress, such as those experienced by ... | 2017 | 28831177 |
| feed efficiency metrics in growing pigs. | the objective of the present study was to quantify the interrelationships between different feed efficiency measures in growing pigs and characterize pigs divergent for a selection of these measures. the data set included data from 311 growing pigs between 42 and 91 d of age from 3 separate batches. growth-related metrics available included midtest metabolic bw (bw), energy intake (ei), and adg. ratio efficiency traits included energy conversion ratio (ecr), kleiber ratio (adg/bw), relative grow ... | 2017 | 28727084 |
| [retroextraperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy]. | the authors describe a new technique of laparoscopic nephrectomy; the retroextraperitoneal approach has been successfully performed in 4 patients with the following indications: 2 non functioning hydronephrotic kidneys, 2 atrophic chronic pyelonephritic kidneys. the patient was put in a proneoblique position after the retrograde placement of a ureteral catheter up to the renal pelvis, through which the contrast medium was injected. the veress needle is inserted under fluoroscopic guidance into t ... | 1993 | 8334447 |
| activity, milk intake and energy consumption in free-living ringed seal (phoca hispida) pups. | measurements of growth, activity and energy consumption and estimates of milk intake were made in free-living, nursing ringed seal (phoca hispida) pups. this was accomplished through the simultaneous use of time-depth recorders and the doubly labelled water technique. the pups spent an average of 52 +/- 7% of their time hauled out on the ice, 37 +/- 5% of the time in the water at the surface, and 11 +/- 5% of the time diving. average daily mass gain of the pups (n=3) throughout the duration of t ... | 1993 | 8071463 |
| oxidative metabolism and body weight: inactive, active, and mitochondrial volumes. | in homeotherms, the standardized (basal) metabolic rate should not be expressed per kilogram of body weight (specific metabolic rate), nor per unit of body surface (square meters of body-ambient interface), since both mitochondrial thermogenesis and heat-loss mechanisms (radiation, conduction, convection, evaporation) are not uniform processes. on the contrary, each organism is an heterogeneous bioreactor, which is composed at least of two compartments: 1) a metabolically active volume (av), whe ... | 1993 | 7606254 |
| indirect calorimetry methods for determination of energy expenditure. | brief history and development of calorimetric methods for the determination of energy expenditure are discussed. the author demonstrates the measuring principles of direct and indirect calorimetry. in two clinical studies the practical use of closed and open technique of indirect calorimetric measurements are presented. in 10 operated patients under isoflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia in closed breathing circuit dose related decrease of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production was found ... | 1990 | 2122623 |
| comparison of various predictive formulae for the estimation of resting energy expenditure. | the accuracy of the harris-benedict (hb), kleiber and robertson-reid predictive formulae and the fleisch tables in estimating resting energy expenditure (ree) has been assessed in 114 cancer patients and 54 patients with nonmalignant illness. the effects of weight status and disease on the predictive ability of the formulae were assessed by comparison of the estimated ree value with that measured by indirect calorimetry. underestimation of measured ree by greater than 10% occurred in 6-62% of pa ... | 1989 | 16837305 |
| ecological significance of hypometabolism in nonhuman primates: allometry, adaptation, and deviant diets. | the "kleiber relationship" describes the interspecific allometry between body size and metabolism. like other allometric relationships, the kleiber relationship not only summarizes scaling effects across species but also provides a standard by which species can be compared. one well-noted deviation from the kleiber relationship is "hypometabolism": metabolic rates below that expected for a given size. it has been suggested in the literature that hypometabolism may be a primitive mammalian trait, ... | 1986 | 3812660 |
| body temperature and rate of o2 consumption in chinese pangolins. | body temperatures and rates of o2 consumption and co2 production were measured in four chinese pangolins (manis pentadactyla) during short-term exposures (2-4 h) to ambient temperatures (ta) of 10-34 degrees c. at ta less than 27 degrees c the pangolins curled into a sphere. at ta greater than 28 degrees c the animals laid on their backs with their soft abdominal skin exposed. rectal temperatures between 33.4 and 35.5 degrees c were recorded from animals exposed to ta of 10-32 degrees c. at ta g ... | 1986 | 3953849 |
| the 3/4 mass exponent for energy metabolism is not a statistical artifact. | the scaling law eta = alpha mb is used to model basal energy metabolism (eta) in terms of body mass (m). the exponent b = 3/4 has commonly been applied to either inter-specific or intra-specific variation of body mass (the 'brody-kleiber law'). heusner recently demonstrated that the exponent 2/3 provided a better description of intra-specific variation in a set of animal data from the literature and dismissed the value 3/4 as a 'statistical artifact.' using the same data, we recast the statistic ... | 1983 | 6878906 |
| a reanalysis of the factors influencing basal metabolic rate in normal adults. | a multiple regression analysis of several factors influencing basal metabolic rate (bmr) was performed using data for 223 subjects from the classic metabolism studies published by harris and benedict in 1919. these data had previously been analyzed by kleiber using metabolic body size, the three-fourths power of body mass, as a predictor of bmr. his prediction equations were separated by sex and each contained components for age and height. factors in the present analysis included sex, age, heig ... | 1980 | 7435418 |
| accuracy of predictions of long-term energy needs. | energy needs as estimated by various methods were compared restrospectively with actual energy needs of eleven subjects who participated in long-term metabolic studies. eight methods were compared with actual energy needs. the most satisfactory were the harris and benedict formula, the kleiber formula, and the mayo foundation nomogram, with an additional percentage allowed for activity energy. interviewing methods were the least satisfactory for estimating energy needs. none of the methods was s ... | 1980 | 7430510 |
| [in memory of prof. max kleiber]. | | 1976 | 785865 |
| [new species of ptilonyssus genus (rhinonyssidae, parasitiformes) parasites of the nasal cavity of the sitta, sitta europaea coesia wolf]. | | 2003 | 5393064 |
| modified klapp-kleiber nephropexy. | | 1968 | 5734266 |
| quantifying the effect of inbreeding on average daily gain and kleiber ratio in mazandaran native chickens. | the aims of this study was to evaluate inbreeding effects for growth rate (average daily gain from hatch to 8 weeks of age (adg1-8), average daily gain from hatch to 12 weeks of age (adg1-12), average daily gain from 8 weeks of age to 12 weeks (adg8-12), average daily gain from hatch to sex maturity (adg1-sm), average daily gain from 8 weeks of age to sex maturity (adg8-sm), average daily gain from 12 weeks to sex maturity (adg12-sm), and kleiber ratios (kr1-8, kr1-12, kr8-12) in mazandaran nati ... | 2020 | 32638155 |
| genetic parameters and correlations of related feed efficiency, growth and carcass traits in hanwoo beef cattle. | this study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters and genetic correlations for related feed efficiency, growth, and carcass traits in hanwoo cattle. | 2020 | 32898962 |
| estimation of genetic parameters for growth traits and kleiber ratios in boer x central highland goat. | accurate performance evaluation and genetic parameters estimation are the prerequisites for any successful genetic improvement program. this study was conducted to estimate genetic parameters for growth and kleiber ratio traits in boer x central highland goats. on-station data collected from 2009 to 2018 were utilized for the study. a general linear model procedure of the statistical analysis system (sas, version 9.0) was used to analyze fixed effects, and genetic parameters were estimated using ... | 2020 | 32748084 |
| autosomal and sex-linked (co)variance components and genetic parameters for growth traits of iranian zandi sheep. | separation of autosomal and sex-linked direct additive genetic effects has significant role in sheep breeding programs. hence, this study was conducted to determine the genetic parameters of autosomal and sex-linked effects for growth traits of zandi sheep. the data set used in this study contained 7571 zandi lambs, descendent of 220 sires and 1481 dams, which were collected from zandi sheep breeding station at khojir, tehran, iran from 1992 to 2011. the fixed effects included of year (20 classe ... | 2020 | 32170649 |
| estimates of covariance components and genetic parameters for growth, average daily gain and kleiber ratio in harnali sheep. | the aim of the present study was to estimate the (co)variance components and genetic parameters for various growth traits (weight at birth (bwt) and 3 (wt3), 6 (wt6), 9 (wt9), and 12 (wt12) months of age), average daily gain (adg1, 0-3; adg2, 3-6; and adg3, 6-12 months of age), and kleiber's ratio (kr1:adg1/wt30.75 and kr2:adg2/wt60.75) by using records of 526 lambs of 41 sires and 186 dams in harnali sheep maintained at department of animal genetics and breeding, lala lajpat rai university of v ... | 2020 | 32144658 |
| changes in melanocyte rna and dna methylation favour pheomelanin synthesis and may avoid systemic oxidative stress after dietary cysteine supplementation in birds. | cysteine plays essential biological roles, but excessive amounts produce cellular oxidative stress. cysteine metabolism is mainly mediated by the enzymes cysteine dioxygenase and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase, respectively coded by the genes cdo1 and gclc. here we test a new hypothesis posing that the synthesis of the pigment pheomelanin also contributes to cysteine homeostasis in melanocytes, where cysteine can enter the pheomelanogenesis pathway. we conducted an experiment with the eurasian nu ... | 2019 | 30661260 |