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clinical laboratory, virologic, and pathologic changes in hamsters experimentally infected with pirital virus (arenaviridae): a rodent model of lassa fever.the clinical laboratory, virologic, and pathologic changes occurring in hamsters after infection with pirital virus (arenaviridae) are described. pirital virus infection in the hamsters was characterized by high titered viremia, leukocytosis, coagulopathy, pulmonary hemorrhage and edema, hepatocellular and splenic necrosis, and marked elevation of serum transaminase levels. all of the animals died within 9 days. the clinical and histopathological findings in the pirital virus-infected hamsters w ...200616760527
phylogenetic analysis reveals a low rate of homologous recombination in negative-sense rna viruses.recombination is increasingly seen as an important means of shaping genetic diversity in rna viruses. however, observed recombination frequencies vary widely among those viruses studied to date, with only sporadic occurrences reported in rna viruses with negative-sense genomes. to determine the extent of homologous recombination in negative-sense rna viruses, phylogenetic analyses of 79 gene sequence alignments from 35 negative-sense rna viruses (a total of 2154 sequences) were carried out. powe ...200313679603
pirital virus (arenaviridae) infection in the syrian golden hamster, mesocricetus auratus: a new animal model for arenaviral hemorrhagic fever.adult syrian golden hamsters inoculated intraperitoneally with pirital virus, a recently discovered member of the tacaribe complex of new world arenaviruses, developed a progressively severe, fatal illness with many of the pathologic features observed in fatal human cases of lassa fever and other arenaviral hemorrhagic fevers. most of the animals became moribund by day 5 and were dead by day 7 after inoculation. the most consistent histopathologic changes included interstitial pneumonitis, splen ...200111442204
nucleotide sequence of the pirital virus (family arenaviridae) small genomic segment.pirital virus is a newly discovered south american member of the family arenaviridae. we determined that the complete nucleotide sequence of the small genomic segment of pirital virus is 3393 nt long, and encodes the viral nucleoprotein (n) and glycoprotein precursor (gpc) (561 aa and 509 aa, respectively) in nonoverlapping open reading frames of opposite polarities. the n and gpc genes are separated by an intergenic region that is 80 nt long; the predicted secondary structure of this region inc ...200111162687
natural rodent host associations of guanarito and pirital viruses (family arenaviridae) in central venezuela.the objective of this study was to elucidate the natural rodent host relationships of guanarito and pirital viruses (family arenaviridae) in the plains of central venezuela. ninety-two arenavirus isolates from 607 animals, representing 10 different rodent species, were characterized to the level of serotype. the 92 isolates comprised 19 guanarito virus strains and 73 pirital virus strains. the 19 guanarito virus isolates were from zygodontomys brevicauda; 72 (98.6%) of the 73 pirital virus isola ...199910463688
isolation and characterization of pirital virus, a newly discovered south american arenavirus.specific rodent species are principal hosts for each of the well-characterized members of the virus family arenaviridae. guanarito virus (arenaviridae) is the etiologic agent of venezuelan hemorrhagic fever. a previous study on the epidemiology of venezuelan hemorrhagic fever revealed extensive arenavirus infection (presumed to be caused by guanarito virus) in two rodent species. sigmodon alstoni and zygodontomys brevicauda, collected from the region of venezuela in which the disease is endemic. ...19979180606
transmission of guanarito and pirital viruses among wild rodents, venezuela.samples from rodents captured on a farm in venezuela in february 1997 were tested for arenavirus, antibody against guanarito virus (gtov), and antibody against pirital virus (pirv). thirty-one (48.4%) of 64 short-tailed cane mice (zygodontomys brevicauda) were infected with gtov, 1 alston's cotton rat (sigmodon alstoni) was infected with gtov, and 36 (64.3%) of 56 other alston's cotton rats were infected with pirv. the results of analyses of field and laboratory data suggested that horizontal tr ...201122172205
genistein, a general kinase inhibitor, as a potential antiviral for arenaviral hemorrhagic fever as described in the pirital virus-syrian golden hamster model.arenaviruses are rodent-borne negative strand rna viruses and infection of these viruses in humans may result in disease and hemorrhagic fever. to date, supportive care, ribavirin, and in some cases immune plasma remain the foremost treatment options for arenaviral hemorrhagic fever. research with the hemorrhagic fever causing-arenaviruses usually requires a biosafety level (bsl)-4 environment; however, surrogate animal model systems have been developed to preliminarily study and screen various ...201020600333
genetic diversity between and within the arenavirus species indigenous to western venezuela.the results of analyses of z, rna-dependent rna polymerase, glycoprotein precursor, and nucleocapsid protein gene sequence data suggested that guanarito virus was the most common cause of venezuelan hemorrhagic fever in a 7-year period in the 1990s and that the evolution of pirital virus in association with sigmodon alstoni (alston's cotton rat) has occurred at a significantly higher rate than the evolution of guanarito virus in association with zygodontomys brevicauda (short-tailed cane mouse) ...200818586298
phylogeny of the venezuelan arenaviruses.guanarito virus (the etiologic agent of venezuelan hemorrhagic fever, vhf) and pirital virus coexist in the region of venezuela in which venezuelan hemorrhagic fever is endemic. the purpose of this study was to extend our knowledge of the evolutionary relationship between these two arenaviruses. we determined that the large genomic segments of guanarito virus and pirital virus are similar in size and identical in structural organization to the large genomic segments of other south american arena ...200415084402
extreme genetic diversity among pirital virus (arenaviridae) isolates from western venezuela.pirital-like virus isolates from rodents collected in a variety of habitats within a six-state area of central venezuela were analyzed genetically by amplifying a portion of the nucleocapsid protein gene using rt-pcr. comparisons of the sequences from 30 selected pirital-like virus isolates demonstrated up to 26% divergence in nucleotide sequences and up to 16% divergence in deduced amino acid sequences. within the pirital monophyletic group, 14 distinct lineages or genotypes, differing by at le ...200111414811
involvement of pro-inflammatory macrophages in liver pathology of pirital virus-infected syrian hamsters.new world arenaviruses cause fatal hemorrhagic disease in south america. pirital virus (pirv), a mammarenavirus hosted by alston’s cotton rat (sigmodon alstoni), causes a disease in syrian golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) (biosafety level-3, bsl-3) that has many pathologic similarities to the south american hemorrhagic fevers (bsl-4) and, thus, is considered among the best small-animal models for human arenavirus disease. here, we extend in greater detail previously described clinica ...201829724035
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