| accumulation of cadmium, copper and zinc in the liver of some passerine species wintering in central norway. | the concentration (mg kg-1 dry weight) of cadmium (cd), copper (cu) and zinc (zn) in the liver of parus palustris, p. montanus, p. major, carduelis chloris and pyrrhula pyrrhula was determined in birds collected in october-march, 1992-1995, in central norway. this study is especially focused on interspecific and age-dependent variations. the metal concentrations in liver are generally higher for adults than for juveniles, and there is an accumulation of cd in the parus species during winter. the ... | 1996 | 8633220 |
| investigation on the frequency of chlamydia sp. infections in tits (paridae). | a total of 788 cloacal and pharyngeal swabs were taken from 399 free-living, clinically healthy tits. ten nestlings were examined by cloacal swabs only. additionally, six dead tits were necropsied and various organs were collected for testing. all swabs and organ samples were tested for chlamydia chlamydia sp. was detected by immunofluorescence with fitc-conjugated monoclonal antibodies after 90 h incubation on buffalo-green-monkey (bgm) cell cultures at 37 degrees c. fifty-four per cent of 399 ... | 1997 | 18483944 |
| the importance of ixodes arboricola in transmission of rickettsia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the czech republic, central europe. | abstract wild birds are known to be a reservoir of infectious disease agents and disseminatory hosts of ticks. the purpose of this work was to obtain information about the occurrence of rickettsial, anaplasmal, and borrelial infections in some ticks that parasitize wild birds in the czech republic. a total of 549 subadult ticks of three species ixodes arboricola (75.0%), ixodes ricinus (23.1%), and haemaphysalis concinna (1.8%) were collected from 20 species of birds (passeriformes). rickettsiae ... | 2011 | 21612531 |
| molecular characterization of 3'utrs of j subgroup avian leukosis virus in passerine birds in china. | to assess the status of avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) infection in passerine birds in china, 365 passerine birds collected from northeast china from 2011 to 2013 were tested, and two alv-j strains were isolated from yellow-browed warbler and marsh tit. the 3'untranslated regions (3'utrs) of the two strains were amplified, cloned, and sequenced, with the results showing that the 3'utrs of the two strains contained multiple mutations and deletions, which are similar to viral strains isol ... | 2015 | 25577165 |
| influences of population size and woodland area on bird species distributions in small woods. | distributions of individual bird species in 151 small woods (size range 0.02-30 ha) were investigated in 3 consecutive years during which the abundance of certain species varied markedly. relationships between the probabilities of certain bird species breeding and woodland area were described using incidence functions derived from logistic regression analysis. in general, for species which were largely dependent on woodland and seldom occurred in other habitats (such as hedgerows and gardens), t ... | 1996 | 28307128 |
| a complete multilocus species phylogeny of the tits and chickadees (aves: paridae). | the avian family paridae (tits and chickadees) contains c. 55 species distributed in the palearctic, nearctic, afrotropics and indomalaya. the group includes some of the most well-known and extensively studied avian species, and the evolutionary history, in particular the post-glacial colonization of the northern latitudes, has been comparably well-studied for several species. yet a comprehensive phylogeny of the whole clade is lacking. here, we present the first complete species phylogeny for t ... | 2013 | 23831453 |
| a multiscale method for selecting indicator species and priority conservation areas: a case study for broadleaved forests in lombardy, italy. | our purpose was to define a quantitative and expeditious method to analyze the effects of processes that influence species distribution and abundance at different organizational scales. we considered habitat loss, the breaking apart of habitat patches, and habitat structural alteration critical processes that affect species distribution and abundance. we evaluated the effects of these processes by considering the response of selected indicator species to isolation (landscape scale), patch size a ... | 2006 | 16903112 |
| a subpopulation of large calbindin-like immunopositive neurones is present in the hippocampal formation in food-storing but not in non-storing species of bird. | the avian hippocampal formation (hp) is thought to play a role in the processing of spatial memory related to food-storing behaviour. the hp of two food-storing species (marsh tit (parus palustris) and magpie (pica pica)) and two non-storing species (great tit (parus major) and jackdaw (corvus monedula)) were compared following calbindin-like immunostaining. in the dorsal hippocampal region, both species of food-storing birds had larger calbindin-immunoreactive cells than did the two non-storing ... | 1993 | 8348321 |
| asymmetries in commitment in an avian communication network. | mobbing of predators occurs within a conspecific and heterospecific context but has not been quantified within the framework of a communication network and analysed with respect to heterospecific reciprocity. here, we used playbacks of mobbing calls to show that mobbing is unequally distributed within a community of deciduous forest birds. five species (great tit parus major, blue tit cyanistes caeruleus, marsh tit poecile palustris, nuthatch sitta europaea and chaffinch fringilla coelebs) respo ... | 2013 | 23325292 |
| food storing and the hippocampus in paridae. | food storing passerines have a larger hippocampus, relative to the rest of the telencephalon and/or body mass, than do non-storing species. this study looked at the relationship between relative size of the hippocampus and degree of food storing in six species of paridae (blue tit, parus caeruleus, great tit, p major, marsh tit, p palustris, coal tit, p ater, black-capped chickadee, p. atricapillus, and willow tit, p montanus). the degree of storing by these species varies from little or none to ... | 1996 | 9156782 |
| development of memory and the hippocampus: comparison of food-storing and nonstoring birds on a one-trial associative memory task. | food-storing birds, for example, marsh tits, parus palustris, use memory to retrieve stored food and have a larger hippocampus relative to the rest of the telencephalon than do species that store little or no food such as the blue tit, p. caeruleus. the difference between food storers and nonstorers in relative hippocampal volume occurs after the young birds have fledged from the nest and is dependent upon some aspect of memory for retrieving caches of stored food. to test whether or not species ... | 1995 | 7722629 |
| development of hippocampal specialisation in two species of tit (parus spp.). | food storing birds have been shown to have a larger hippocampus, relative to the rest of the telencephalon, than do non-storers. a previous study reported that this difference in relative hippocampal volume is not apparent in a comparison of nestling birds, but emerges after birds have fledged. this conclusion was based on a comparison of a storing and a non-storing species in the corvid family. the present study compared another storer/non-storer pair of species in order to test whether the res ... | 1994 | 8031493 |
| keypeck conditioning with reinforcements in two different locations in thrush, tit and sparrow species. | twenty-one individuals each of the species great tits (parus major), blue tits (parus caeruleus), marsh tits (parus palustris), blackbirds (turdus merula), songthrushes (turdus philomelos), tree sparrows (passer montanus) and house sparrows (passer domesticus) were conditioned to a keypeck response by means of food reinforcement. the site where the reward was given was then changed. the number of reinforcements were then counted until the keypeck response followed immediately (within 10 seconds) ... | 1985 | 24896449 |
| new species and records of quill mites of the family syringophilidae (acari: prostigmata) from the passerines (aves: passeriformes) from the russian far east. | two new species, syringophilopisis pari sp. nov. from poecile palustris linnaeus (paridae) and torotrogla volgini sp. nov. from emberiza elegans temminck (emberizidae) are described. additionally, new host species are reported for three syringophilid species: emberiza tristrami swinhoe and e. rutila pallas for betasyringophiloidus schoeniclus (skoracki); sitta europaea linnaeus (sittidae) for syringophilopsis sittae skoracki et al., and zosterops erythropleurus swinhoe (zosteropidae) for neoaulo ... | 2013 | 26287106 |
| nesting holes and food supply in relation to forest bird densities on islands and mainland. | bird densities were estimated on 41 small islands and two mainland plots at a south swedish lake both in 1976 and 1983. in the latter year, three additional plots were also censused. the ratio between combined densities of hole-nesting birds on the mainland and on islands was 3:1 both in plots without and with nest boxes. in plots with boxes combined densities of hole-nesting birds doubled compared with control plots. this increase was caused by a tenfold increase of pied flycatcher ficedula hyp ... | 1985 | 28310792 |
| a quantitative autoradiographic comparison of binding to glutamate receptor sub-types in hippocampus and forebrain regions of a food-storing and a non-food-storing bird. | in two species of birds, food-storing marsh tits, p. palustris, and non-storing blue tits, p. caeruleus, quantitative receptor autoradiography was used to localize nmda (n-methyl-d-aspartate)-sensitive [3h]glutamate, [3h]mk801, and [3h]ampa binding sites, in six regions of the forebrain: hippocampus and parahippocampus, hyperstriatum accessorium (vision) and ventrale (sensory integration), neostriatum (auditory), and lobus parolfactorius (basal ganglia). in both species high levels of labelling ... | 1999 | 10210525 |
| development of food-storing and the hippocampus in juvenile marsh tits (parus palustris). | food-storing birds, e.g., marsh tits, parus palustris, use memory to retrieve stored food and have a larger hippocampus relative to the rest of the telencephalon than do species that store little or no food, e.g., blue tits, p. caeruleus. the difference in relative hippocampal volume arises after the young have fledged from the nest and recent work on the dual ontogeny of the hippocampus and memory in hand-raised marsh tits suggests that the hippocampal growth depends upon some aspect of the exp ... | 1996 | 8851924 |
| the neuroethological development of food-storing memory: a case of use it, or lose it! | some species of birds that scatter-hoard food e.g. marsh tits, parus palustris, use memory to retrieve stored food. these scatter-hoarding species have a larger hippocampus relative to the rest of the telencephalon than do species that store little or no food e.g. blue tits, p. caeruleus. the difference in relative hippocampal volume arises after the young have fledged from the nest and recent work on the dual ontogeny of the hippocampus and memory in hand-raised marsh tits suggests that some as ... | 1995 | 8519432 |
| comparative studies of food-storing, memory, and the hippocampal formation in parids. | birds which scatter-hoard large numbers of food items such as marsh tits, parus palustris, use memory to retrieve their caches and have an enlarged hippocampal formation relative to the rest of the telencephalon compared with species that store little or no food. preliminary observations suggested that captive blue tits, p. caeruleus, may store small quantities of food albeit in limited amounts. this experiment compared food-storing intensity, memory for cache sites, and relative hippocampal for ... | 1995 | 8646278 |
| evidence against observational spatial memory for cache locations of conspecifics in marsh tits poecile palustris. | many species in the family paridae, such as marsh tits poecile palustris, are large-scale scatter hoarders of food that make cryptic caches and disperse these in large year-round territories. the perhaps most well-known species in the family, the great tit parus major, does not store food itself but is skilled in stealing caches from the other species. we have previously demonstrated that great tits are able to memorise positions of caches they have observed marsh tits make and later return and ... | 2017 | 28127116 |
| how mixed-species foraging flocks develop in response to benefits from observational learning. | we created experimental situations where observers (great tit, parus major and marsh tit, p. palustris) acquired one of five types of experience near conspecific and non-conspecific demonstrators: (1) neither demonstrator was feeding; (2) only the conspecific was feeding; (3) only the non-conspecific was feeding; (4) both were feeding and the observer received a reinforcement (food) near the conspecific; and (5) as (4), but the reinforcement was given near the non-conspecific. after each treatme ... | 1998 | 9641991 |
| delayed-matching-to-sample by marsh tits and great tits. | the ability of two species of tits to remember the location and/or features of an object was tested in a delayed-matching-to-sample procedure. three values of retention interval between presentation of the sample stimulus and the choice--30 sec, 5 min, and 15 min--were used. both species performed at above-chance level at all retention intervals, and there was no significant decline in accuracy with increasing interval. a pool of 100 stimulus objects was used, but the results of control trials i ... | 1992 | 1496137 |
| sequence and organization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the marsh tit poecile palustris (aves: paridae). | the complete mitochondrial genome of the marsh tit poecile palustris (linnaeus, 1758) was sequenced using a combined illumina and sanger sequencing approach. using the known sequence of poecile atricapillus linnaeus, 1766 (paridae) homologous ngs reads were identified and assembled. the genome is 16,824 bp in length and includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal rna genes, 22 transfer rna genes and a control region. gene order resembles that of the standard avian gene order. the base composit ... | 2016 | 25845385 |
| improved sampling at the subspecies level solves a taxonomic dilemma - a case study of two enigmatic chinese tit species (aves, passeriformes, paridae, poecile). | a recent full species-level phylogeny of tits, titmice and chickadees (paridae) has placed the chinese endemic black-bibbed tit (poecile hypermelaenus) as the sister to the palearctic willow tit (p. montanus). because this sister-group relationship is in striking disagreement with the traditional affiliation of p. hypermelaenus close to the marsh tit (p. palustris) we tested this phylogenetic hypothesis in a multi-locus analysis with an extended taxon sampling including sixteen subspecies of wil ... | 2017 | 27965081 |
| no evidence for memory interference across sessions in food hoarding marsh tits poecile palustris under laboratory conditions. | scatter hoarding birds are known for their accurate spatial memory. in a previous experiment, we tested the retrieval accuracy in marsh tits in a typical laboratory set-up for this species. we also tested the performance of humans in this experimental set-up. somewhat unexpectedly, humans performed much better than marsh tits. in the first five attempts, humans relocated almost 90 % of the caches they had hidden 5 h earlier. marsh tits only relocated 25 % in the first five attempts and just abov ... | 2015 | 25573290 |
| an evaluation of memory accuracy in food hoarding marsh tits poecile palustris--how accurate are they compared to humans? | laboratory studies of scatter hoarding birds have become a model system for spatial memory studies. considering that such birds are known to have a good spatial memory, recovery success in lab studies seems low. in parids (titmice and chickadees) typically ranging between 25 and 60% if five seeds are cached in 50-128 available caching sites. since these birds store many thousands of food items in nature in one autumn one might expect that they should easily retrieve five seeds in a laboratory wh ... | 2013 | 23545280 |
| metabolic consequences of hard work. | when an animal has to meet increased demands on its working capacity, for example, for thermoregulation or parental care, two strategies are available. the animal can reallocate energy from costly maintenance processes - such as immunological defence or dna repair systems (compensation hypothesis) - or it may try to increase the rate of energy intake or efficiency of digestion by increasing the size of the alimentary tract (increased-intake hypothesis). by manipulating brood size, i affected par ... | 2002 | 12204136 |
| spatial learning induces neurogenesis in the avian brain. | it is known from previous work that neurones are born continuously in the ventricular zone of the bird brain. in this study, we show that the amount of cell proliferation in the ventricular zone of the hippocampus (hp) and the hyperstriatum ventrale (hv) is influenced by behavioural experience. two groups of birds (marsh tits) were compared: those allowed to store and retrieve food once every 3 days between days 35 and 56, and age-matched controls treated in an identical way, except that they we ... | 1997 | 9475620 |
| hippocampal growth and attrition in birds affected by experience. | hand-raised marsh tits (parus palustris) were exposed to experience of storing and retrieving food at three different ages (35-59, 60-83, 115-138 days posthatch). at equivalent ages, control birds were given identical experience except for storing and retrieving food. volumetric analysis was carried out to measure the hippocampal region, ectostriatum, and telencephalon of experienced and control birds. individuals with experience of storing and retrieving food had a larger hippocampal region rel ... | 1994 | 8052598 |
| how marsh tits find their hoards: the roles of site preference and spatial memory. | marsh tits (parus palustris) store single food items in scattered locations and recover them hours or days later. some properties of the spatial memory involved were analyzed in two laboratory experiments. in the first, marsh tits were offered 97 sites for storing 12 seeds. they recovered a median of 65% of them 2-3 hr later, making only two errors per seed while doing so. over trials, they used some sites more often than others, but during recovery they were more likely to visit a site of any p ... | 1982 | 7175447 |
| egg recognition abilities of tit species in the paridae family: do indomalayan tits exhibit higher recognition than palearctic tits? | recent studies have shown that the closely related cinereous tit ( parus cinereus) and green-backed tit ( p. monticolus) in china display strong egg recognition ability in contrast to tit species in europe, which lack such ability. however, egg recognition in other populations of cinereous and green-backed tits and additional paridae species still requires further research. here, we compared the egg recognition abilities of cinereous tits across china, green-backed tits ( p. m. insperatus) in ta ... | 2020 | 32918406 |
| comparative analysis of hissing calls in five tit species. | nest predation often leads to breeding failure and is an important component of natural selection that affects the evolution of nest defense behavior in birds. many tit species give a hissing call as nest defense, but there are few studies of interspecific variation in hissing calls, and whether these are related to nest predation and nesting success. in this study, we compared the hissing calls of five tit species including cinereous tits (parus cinereus), marsh tits (poecile palustris), varied ... | 2020 | 31899274 |
| breeding birds actively modify the initial microclimate of occupied tree cavities. | the microclimate of cavities used by endothermic animals may depend on dynamic relationships between a cavity's physical properties and the heating activity of cavity users, but the rudiments of these relationships are unclear. i compared the temperature and relative humidity of active tree cavities that were occupied by nesting marsh tits poecile palustris with the conditions in vacant tree cavities previously used for breeding by this species. i tested how presence of active nests modified ini ... | 2019 | 30687906 |
| testing the heat dissipation limit theory in a breeding passerine. | the maximum work rate of animals has recently been suggested to be determined by the rate at which excess metabolic heat generated during work can be dissipated (heat dissipation limitation (hdl) theory). as a first step towards testing this theory in wild animals, we experimentally manipulated brood size in breeding marsh tits (poecile palustris) to change their work rate. parents feeding nestlings generally operated at above-normal body temperatures. body temperature in both males and females ... | 2018 | 29769365 |
| the use of the nest for parental roosting and thermal consequences of the nest for nestlings and parents. | at temperate latitudes, altricial birds and their nestlings need to handle night temperatures well below thermoneutrality during the breeding season. thus, energy costs of thermoregulation might constrain nestling growth, and low nocturnal temperatures might require resources that parents could otherwise have invested into nestlings during the day. to manipulate parental work rate, we performed brood size manipulations in breeding marsh tits (poecile palustris). nest box temperatures were always ... | 2019 | 29170593 |