| survey of q-fever agglutinins in birds and small rodents in northern california, 1975-76. | serum samples from 15 species of rodents and 33 species of birds were tested for agglutinins against coxiella burnetii by the microagglutination test. of 759 rodents tested, 21 (3%) were seropositive. antibody positive rodents included muskrats, ondatra zebethica, (11%), rattus spp. (10%), beechey ground squirrels, otospermophilus beecheyi, (6%), wood rats, neotoma fuscipes, (5%), and peromyscus spp. (2%). of 583 birds tested, 118 (20%) were seropositive. this included white crowned sparrows, zo ... | 1979 | 522220 |
| the effect of the postjuvenal molt in the house sparrow on infestations of the quill mite, syringophiloidus minor (berlese) (acarina: syringophilidae). | | 1975 | 1159728 |
| the role of indigenous wild, semidomestic, and exotic birds in the epizootiology of velogenic viscerotropic newcastle disease in southern california, 1972-1973. | during an epornitic of velogenic viscerotropic newcastle disease (vvnd) in southern california, free-flying wild birds, captive and free-ranging semidomestic birds, and exotic birds were collected from the quarantine area to determine their role in the epizootiology of the disease. the vvnd virus was isolated from 0.04% of 9,446 free-flying wild birds, 0.76% of 4,367 semidomestic birds, and 1.01% of 3,780 exotic birds examined. three house sparrows and 1 crow directly associated with infected po ... | 1975 | 1176357 |
| is the "mammalian" brown fat-specific mitochondrial uncoupling protein present in adipose tissues of birds? | 1. mitochondria were isolated from the furcular, subcutaneous, abdominal, nape and lateral adipose tissue depots of five species of bird (pheasant, japanese quail, pigeon, house sparrow and great tit) acclimatized to the northern winter. 2. mitochondrial proteins were separated by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes, and probed for the presence of the 32,000-33,000 mr uncoupling protein characteristic of "mammalian" brown adipose tissue, using an anti-(g ... | 1991 | 1756620 |
| [the occurrence of the parasite collyriclum faba (bremser in schmalz, 1831) in wild birds in switzerland]. | the infection of our indigenous wild birds by the parasite collyriclum faba represents a rare event. the adult trematodes reside in the subcutaneous tissue of the host, where prominent cysts can be found. in summer 1988, two cases were diagnosed, in a house sparrow (passer domesticus) and in a goldcrest (regulus regulus), which led us to a description of this unusual parasitic disease, whose cycle still remains unknown, and to a review of the prior known appearances in switzerland. in the time b ... | 1991 | 1771405 |
| effects of house sparrow age and arbovirus infection on attraction of mosquitoes. | to test the hypothesis that arbovirus infection or advancing age increases the attractiveness of avian hosts to vector mosquitoes, we used an olfactometer that measures the response of mosquitoes to the passive, vertical diffusion of host-related cues. st. louis encephalitis or western equine encephalomyelitis virus infection in house sparrows (passer domesticus (l.], regardless of age, had no detectable effect on culex quinquefasciatus say or cx. tarsalis coquillett attraction, respectively, at ... | 1990 | 1977913 |
| isolation of a poxvirus from a sparrow (passer domesticus). | from liver, lung, and kidney of a dead sparrow with signs of conjunctivitis a cytopathic agent was isolated in chicken embryo cell culture which was identified as a poxvirus by electron microscopy. from its growth characteristics in avian and mammalian cell culture it was concluded to belong to the genus avipox virus. | 1989 | 2552710 |
| histochemistry of glycoconjugates in the gallbladder epithelium of ten animal species. | a battery of seven lectins and several conventional mucin histochemical techniques were used to identify the epithelial mucins of the gallbladder of ten species: man, rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus, mammalia), hamster (mesocricetus auratus, mammalia), chicken (gallus gallus, bird), sparrow (passer domesticus, bird), moorish gecko (tarentola mauritanica, reptilia), ladder snake (elaphe scalaris, reptilia), lake frog (rana perezi, amphibia), natterjack toad (bufo calamita, amphibia) and gilthead se ... | 1989 | 2722572 |
| detection of eastern equine encephalomyelitis viral antigen in avian blood by enzyme immunoassay: a laboratory study. | an enzyme immunoassay (eia) was evaluated for its efficacy at detecting eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) virus in avian blood and brain specimens. preliminary analysis of blood from experimentally infected house sparrows and naturally infected whooping cranes showed that eee antigen could be detected with the eia. polyclonal mouse antibodies were selected for antigen capture, and rabbit antibodies were selected for antigen detection. overnight antigen incubation increased sensitivity. the ... | 1986 | 3010753 |
| the ecology of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in the central valley of california, 1945-1985. | reeves' concept of the summer transmission cycle of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in 1945 was that the virus was amplified in a silent transmission cycle involving mosquitoes, domestic chickens, and possibly wild birds, from which it could be transmitted tangentially to and cause disease in human and equine populations. extensive field and laboratory studies done since 1945 in the central valley of california have more clearly defined the specific invertebrate and vertebrate hosts invol ... | 1987 | 3318522 |
| demographic study of a wild house sparrow population by dna fingerprinting. | over the past twenty years, several techniques from biochemical and molecular genetics, such as enzyme electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing, have been widely and successfully applied to the study of population differentiation and evolution. however, they have been less applicable to demographic problems such as assigning parentage to individuals within a population. this stems from a general weakness of data derived from enzyme loci: allele frequencies at polymorphic loci are sufficiently sk ... | 1987 | 3574474 |
| dna fingerprinting in birds. | several regions of the human genome are highly variable in populations because the number of repeats in these regions of a short 'minisatellite' sequence varies at high frequency. different minisatellites have a core sequence in common, however, and probes made up of tandem repeats of this core sequence detect many highly variable dna fragments in several species including humans, cats, dogs and mice. the hypervariable sequences detected in this way are dispersed in the genome and their variabil ... | 1987 | 3574475 |
| viremic enhancement due to transovarially acquired antibodies to st. louis encephalitis virus in birds. | adult house sparrows (passer domesticus) were captured and experimentally inoculated with st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus to produce high concentrations of circulating antiviral antibody. nestlings, 5-7 and 14-16 days of age, from sle immune adult females and challenged with sle virus, exhibited viremic enhancement by producing viremias of greater duration and magnitude than did controls. nestlings possessing maternal antibody and challenged with sle virus between 8 and 13 days of age did not ... | 1986 | 3735578 |
| spontaneous continuous release of spermatozoa and its predawn surge in male passerine birds. | spontaneous, continuous release of morphologically normal spermatozoa occurs in males of species of passerine (order passeriformes) birds that were examined. it was demonstrated and studied quantitatively in temporarily captive and isolated house sparrows and house finches by means of repetitive cloacal lavages and extraction of excreta. it is suggested that this phenomenon could be exploited to facilitate comparative and quantitative evaluations of release of spermatozoa in relation to diverse ... | 1987 | 3506902 |
| cutaneous staphylococcosis and secondary infection of house sparrow with the fungus cladosporium herbarum. | | 1974 | 4836176 |
| contributions of the kidneys and intestines to water conservation, and plasma levels of antidiuretic hormone, during dehydration in house sparrows (passer domesticus). | the contributions of the kidneys, the small intestine and the lower intestine (rectum plus cloaca) to water conservation during dehydration in unanaesthetized, unrestrained house sparrows (passer domesticus) were assessed. thirty hours of acute dehydration resulted in a 12% loss in body mass and a significant increase in plasma osmolality. glomerular filtration rate declined by 55%, from 7.7 to 3.5 ml/h, and urine flow rate delined by more than 80%, from 0.2 to 0.03 ml/h. these changes are likel ... | 1988 | 3192783 |
| serological examinations for antibodies against west nile virus, semlikivirus and chikungunyavirus in laboratory mice, parasitized by nidicole fauna from swallow's nests. | experimental mice in swallow's (nmri) nests highly infested with swallow bugs (hirundo rustica) revealed antibodies against west nile virus, semliki virus and chikungunya virus. additional nidicole ectoparasites were not controlled and could also play a role in the occurrence of infection in experimental mice. swallows and sparrows (passer domesticus) additional nest inhabitants appear to be the ultimate link in this infection pathway as swallow bugs seldom migrate into dwellings to infest human ... | 1988 | 3139492 |
| arbovirus investigations in argentina, 1977-1980. iv. serologic surveys and sentinel equine program. | serologic surveys of wild and domestic birds, wild mammals, and horses were conducted during arbovirus field studies in argentina from 1977 through 1980, a non-epizootic interval. the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to eastern equine encephalitis (eee) was consistently higher than to western equine encephalitis (wee) virus in all species and all areas. the presence of antibodies in short-lived avian species and in young unvaccinated horses and the demonstration of seroconversions in horses ... | 1985 | 2863991 |
| thermoresponsiveness of the preoptic region of the brain in house sparrows. | heating the preoptic region of the house sparrow caused the bird to decrease its metabolism and to decrease its body temperature, whereas cooling that region caused an increase in metabolism and an increase in body temperature. these responses indicate that the preoptic region of birds, like that of other vertebrates, is an important center for thermoregulation. | 1970 | 5441023 |
| [the occurrence and characterization of campylobacter spp. in silver gulls (larus argentatus), three-toed gulls (rissa tridactyla) and house sparrows (passer domesticus)]. | altogether 16 campylobacter (c.) isolates could be recovered from 65 herring gulls: 5 x c. laridis, 2 x c. jejuni biovar 1, 4 x c. jejuni biovar 2 and 5 x c. coli. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 15 out of 51 samples from kittiwakes: 2 x c. jejuni biovar 1 and 13 x c. laridis. all c. coli isolates grew on agar containing 1.5% nacl. two campylobacter isolates from 50 house sparrows differed from all other isolates by a distinct beta-hemolysis and other phenotypic characteristics and could n ... | 1989 | 2750361 |
| hematological changes produced by lindane (gamma-hch) in six species of birds. | hematological changes were studied after oral administration of lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) at 5 mg/kg body weight twice in 1 week in 6 species of agriculturally important birds: house sparrow, baya weaver bird, common myna, rose-ringed parakeet, blue rock pigeon and domestic duck. lindane induced anemia in the birds as judged by reduced rbc count, hematocrit and hemoglobin content with corresponding changes in mcv, mch and mchc. bleeding and clotting time were markedly prolonged. sple ... | 1986 | 2424143 |
| [fleas from the nests of passer domesticus and passer montanus]. | in the years 1986-1988 102 nests of passer domesticus and 113 nests of p. montanus were collected from słupsk, warszawa and its surrounding. ceratophyllus gallinae was found in 55 nests of p. domesticus and in 74 nests of p. montanus: c. fringillae in 13 nests of p. domesticus. the highest mean number of c. gallinae per nest was recorded in nest of p. domesticus (11.9), lower in nest of p. montanus (5.9). the highest percentage of nests with fleas and the highest mean number of fleas per nest we ... | 1991 | 1823499 |
| keratinophilic fungi from orissa, india, ii: isolations from feathers of wild birds and domestic fowls. | feather samples from 117 birds, representing 11 species, were examined for keratinophilic fungi. of these, 63 (53.8%) were found to be positive. nine species of fungi classified in 6 genera were isolated: aphanoascus terreus (1.7%), chrysosporium indicum (26.4%), chrys. tropicum (11.1%) the chrysosporium state of aphanoascus spp. (2.5%), the chrysosporium state of arthroderma tuberculatum (3.4%), ctenomyces serratus (0.8%), gymnoascoideus petalosporus (7.6%), malbranchea spp. (6.8%), rollandina ... | 1980 | 6161420 |
| occurrence of keratinophilic fungi on indian birds. | keratinophilic fungi were isolated from feathers of most common indian birds, viz. domestic chicken (gallus domesticus), domestic pigeon (columba livia), house sparrow (passer domesticus), house crow (corvus splendens), duck (anas sp.), rose-ringed parakeet (psittacula krameri). out of 87 birds, 58 yielded 4 keratinophilic fungal genera representing 13 fungal species and one sterile mycelium. the isolated fungi were cultured on sabouraud's dextrose agar at 28 +/- 2 degrees c. chrysosporium speci ... | 1991 | 1726608 |
| circadian feeding and locomotor rhythms in pigeons and house sparrows. | feeding and locomotor activities were measured simultaneously in homing pigeons (columba livia) and house sparrows (passer domesticus). feeding, as well as locomotor activity, was found to be regulated by a circadian clock in both of these species. implantation of melatonin-filled capsules or exposure to constant light abolished feeding and locomotor rhythms in both species. removal of the pineal gland from pigeons did not abolish either rhythm, whereas pinealectomy abolished both feeding and lo ... | 1992 | 1286202 |
| community ecology of helminth parasitism in an insular passerine avifauna. | three hundred and thirty specimens of 7 species of passerine birds from south bass island, ottawa county, ohio, were examined for helminth parasites. the total number of helminth specimens collected was 4,333. forty-one helminth taxa were identified. ten species of helminths were identified as having foci of infection on the island. an index of association for these 10 species is presented. the low association revealed between helminth species utilizing common species of intermediate hosts indic ... | 1976 | 1255354 |
| on cestodes of passer domesticus. i. choanotaenia, raillietina and proparuterina. | | 1975 | 1238036 |
| haemoproteid parasites of passer spp. | the taxonomic status of the haemoproteid parasites hitherto described from the avian genus passer is reviewed. it is concluded that 1 species only is valid haemoproteus passeris kruse (1890), all other species being designated as synonyms. from material obtained from passer domesticus a re-description is given of h. passeris which has shown to exhibit a wide range of morphological forms. the reasons for this are discussed. schizogonic stages are described for the first time for this species, and ... | 1976 | 827730 |
| some protozoan parasites of wild birds from the vicinity of onderstepoort. | the protozoan parasites of wild birds from the vicinity of onderstepoort are recorded. new host records for the republic of south africa are: haemoproteus in threskiornis aethiopicus, francolinus swainsonii, columba guinea and streptopelia senegalensis; leucocytozoon in anas erythrorhyncha, netta erythrophthalma, c. guinea and passer domesticus and plasmodium in numida meleagris. | 1975 | 810756 |
| experimental infection of house sparrows (passer domesticus) with rocio virus. | rocio encephalitis is a new epidemic flaviviral infection of man, first described in são paulo state, brazil in 1975. the ecology of the viral transmission cycle remains largely unknown. experimental studies were undertaken to assess the role of a wild avian species, the house sparrow, as a maintenance or amplifying host. approximately two-thirds of nesting and adult sparrows developed 2- to 3-day viremias of low to moderate magnitude (2.0--4.3 log/ml). rocio-immune birds were not protected agai ... | 1978 | 727329 |
| changes in lipid content during the post-hatching development of the brain of altricial birds. | the post-hatching development of the brain was studied in three altricial birds (those whose development is completed after hatching), namely, the domestic pigeon, house swift and house sparrow, to assess the state of maturity of the brain at the time that the fledglings leave the nest. maturity is related to the process of myelination and, therefore, sudan black was chosen as it is a sensitive indicator of myelin lipids. on hatching, it was found that sudanophilia was very low in all three bird ... | 1981 | 7251396 |
| physiology of avian circadian pacemakers. | the pineal gland plays a cental role in the circadian organization of birds, although it is clearly only one component in a system with other components that have not yet been positively identified. the relative importance of the pineal and other components may vary from one group of birds to another. in the most thoroughly studied species, the house sparrow, pineal removal abolishes circadian rhythmicity; rhythmicity is restored by transplantation of a donor bird's pineal and the restored rhyth ... | 1979 | 499574 |
| seasonal study of the adrenal gland of some indian avian species. | adrenal glands of eight indian species of birds, namely columba livia, passer domesticus, corvus splendens, acridotheres tristis, acridotheres ginginianus, milvus migrans, francolinus pondicerianus and bubulcus ibis were examined during the sexually active and inactive phases of their annual reproductive cycles. excepting a ginginianus and m. migrans, among members of either sex of the remaining six species the weight of the adrenal gland increases during the period of sexual activity. histologi ... | 1976 | 135472 |
| recovery of tonate virus ("bijou bridge" strain), a member of the venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus complex, from cliff swallow nest bugs (oeciacus vicarius) and nestling birds in north america. | a second virus with distinct biological, serological, and physiochemical properties was detected as a minority viral subpopulation in specimens of cliff swallow nest bugs (oeciacus vicarius) and nestling bird sera containing fort morgan (fm) virus. the second virus, detected by a breakthrough neutralization test employing fm antiserum, was present in 5 of 11 fm virus-positive pools of nest bugs and in 4 of 38 birds from colorado and south dakota. the concentration of the second virus was 10-fold ... | 1980 | 7435797 |
| experimental transmission of sarcocystis from icterid birds to sparrows and canaries by sporocysts from the opossum. | cowbirds (molothrus ater) and grackles (cassidix mexicanus) infected with muscle cysts of sarcocystis were fed to opposums (didelphis virginiana) and fecal sporocysts from the latter were given to sparrows (passer domesticus, family ploceidae), canaries (serinus canarius, family fringillidae) and ducks (anas platyrhynchos, family anatidae). asexual parasites were found in the endothelium of sparrows and canaries but not in ducks. when birds were kept 10 weeks or more after infection, muscle cyst ... | 1978 | 98622 |
| characterization of fort morgan virus, an alphavirus of the western equine encephalitis virus complex in an unusual ecosystem. | an alphavirus isolated from nestling cliff swallows (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and house sparrows (passer domesticus) and from cimicid bugs (oeciacus vicarius) in eastern colorado, for which we propose the name fort morgan (fm) virus, is sensitive to the action of sodium deoxycholate, unstable at ph 2.0-4.0, and demonstrates no characteristics of temperature-sensitive mutants. unpassaged field strains are nonpathogenic, or of low pathogenicity, for suckling mice; however, plaque-purified fm viru ... | 1980 | 7446830 |
| house sparrows, passer domesticus (l.), as hosts of arboviruses in hale county, texas. ii. laboratory studies with western equine encephalitis virus. | | 1973 | 4688421 |
| salmonella contamination of the environment and its incidence in wild birds. | in 1984-1991, the incidence of salmonellas was studied in wild birds from various sites in the czech republic. on an agricultural farm with salmonellosis in calves, salmonellae were isolated from eight birds (seven passer domesticus, one serinus serinus) of 31 birds examined. on various agricultural farms with no salmonellosis in farm animals, salmonellae were found in two birds (columba livia f. domestica) of 2186 birds examined. of 35 birds caught at a municipal waste-dump site, salmonellae we ... | 1994 | 7839754 |
| [epizootiology and pathogenesis of avian mycobacteriosis in the house sparrow (passer domesticus) and tree sparrow (passer montanus)]. | the occurrence and extension of avian mycobacteriosis in house-sparrows (p. domesticus) and mountain-sparrows (p. montanus) have been followed under different epidemiological conditions. out of 2.929 totally examined house-sparrow pathological changes of tuberculosis were found in 3 (0.10%) animals and in 14 (0.48%) animals the mycobacteria were isolated. by an examination of 544 mountain-sparrow the mycobacteria in 12 (2.20%) cases and in 1 case were isolated and the mycobacteria were found in ... | 1993 | 8116139 |
| isolation of helicobacter strains from wild bird and swine feces. | we report the first isolations of helicobacter strains from wild birds and swine. genus-specific oligonucleotide probes identified nine cape cod isolates from gull, tern, house sparrow, and pig feces as helicobacter spp. and not campylobacter spp. antibiotic sensitivity and urease tests distinguished three phenotypes. strains examined rapidly lost culturability under simulated natural conditions. | 1994 | 8161169 |
| avian hosts of st. louis encephalitis virus in pine bluff, arkansas, 1991. | an investigation of the extent of st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus activity in the avian population in pine bluff, arkansas was conducted from august 30, 1991 through september 5, 1991, following an sle epidemic that resulted in 25 human cases. a total of 363 birds of 33 species were captured with ground-level mist nets at four sites along the northern edge of the city. no viruses were isolated from the serum of these birds, but 91 birds (25%) of 11 species had detectable neutralizing antibody ... | 1993 | 8352391 |
| house sparrows, passer domesticus (l.), as hosts of arboviruses in hale county, texas. i. field studies, 1965-1969. | | 1973 | 4688420 |
| identification, distribution, and developmental changes of a melatonin binding site in the song control system of the zebra finch. | in many avian species, singing is a circadian or seasonal behavior that appears to be widely dependent on gonadal steroid hormones. to explore the possibility of a further hormone-dependent vocal control mechanism driven by the action of melatonin, we examined the binding of iodinated melatonin (imel) in the vocal control network of adult and juvenile (22- and 40-day-old) zebra finches. imel binding areas of the zebra finch brain were localized and characterized by using quantitative in vitro au ... | 1996 | 8708012 |
| acid phosphatase activity in the cerebellar cortex of the small brown dove, streptopelia senegalensis; spotted owlet, athene brama, and house-sparrow, passer domesticus. | | 1974 | 4417269 |
| experimental induction of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in horses using sarcocystis sp. sporocysts from the opossum (didelphis virginiana). | sarcocystis sp. sporocysts isolated from eight feral opossums (didelphis virginiana) were pooled and fed to 18 commercially reared budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus), 14 wild-caught sparrows (passer domesticus), one wild-caught slate-colored junco (junco hyemalis) and five weanling horses (equus caballus). all budgerigars died within 5 weeks post inoculation (wpi). histologic examination revealed meronts within the pulmonary epithelia and typical sarcocystis falcatula sarcocysts developing in ... | 1997 | 9066066 |
| isozymic structure and pyruvate inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase of ventricle, pectoralis muscle and cerebrum, and total ldh activity of cerebrum during morphogenesis of the house sparrow, passer domesticus. | | 1969 | 4307637 |
| immunoelectrophoresis of egg and plasma proteins during development of the house sparrow, passer domesticus. | | 1968 | 4178140 |
| seasonal variations and the effects of nesting and moulting on liver mineral content in the mouse sparrow (passer domesticus l.). | | 1974 | 4148999 |
| selective isolation of pseudomonas stutzeri from vertebrate faeces on rambach agar. | faecal samples collected from 308 wild birds of 25 species and 19 rodents of 3 species in south moravia (czechland) were pre-incubated in müller-kauffmann tetrathionate broth at 42 degrees c for 24 h and then streaked onto rambach agar plates which were incubated at 37 degrees c for 48 h. seventeen out of 22 isolates forming orange-red colonies on rambach agar were identified as pseudomonas stutzeri, the rest as pseudomonas sp. and alcaligenes sp. the colonies of p. stutzeri were either dry, wri ... | 1998 | 9861678 |
| [arbovirus serological survey among marine and non-marine birds of brittany]. | sera from 215 seabirds (mainly gulls) and 74 landbirds (mainly starlings) from brittany were studied by hemagglutination inhibition and complement fixation tests for antibody against 9 arboviruses among them 8 were previously isolated from ticks associated with seabirds. among seabirds, 145 or 65% were found positive for flaviviruses and nairoviruses of the hughes serogroup. unexpected frequency of hi positive reactions for tyuleniy virus indicate the possible circulation of this virus among sea ... | 1985 | 4085099 |
| behavioral and endocrine correlates of multiple brooding in the semicolonial house sparrow passer domesticus. ii. females. | behavioral and endocrine changes associated with reproductive events were studied in free-living female house sparrows (passer domesticus). circulating levels of luteinizing hormone (lh) and estradiol (e2) were maximal during egg-laying, declined during incubation, and began to rise during the nestling stage. this pattern was repeated three to five times during the prolonged breeding season of this species. multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated that elevated levels of lh and e2 were ass ... | 1986 | 3770654 |
| role of peridomestic birds in the transmission of st. louis encephalitis virus in southern california. | in response to the 1984 st. louis encephalitis (sle) epidemic in the los angeles basin of southern california (usa), an investigative program was initiated to evaluate the interactive components of the sle virus transmission cycle. from 1987 through 1996 (10 yr), 52,589 birds were bled and their sera tested for sle and western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus antibodies by the hemagglutination inhibition (hai) test. eighty-three percent of the birds tested were house finches (carpodacus mexi ... | 2000 | 10682741 |
| patterns of avian seroprevalence to western equine encephalomyelitis and saint louis encephalitis viruses in california, usa. | temporal and spatial changes in the enzootic activity of western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) and st. louis encephalitis (sle) viruses were monitored at representative wetland study sites in the coachella, san joaquin, and sacramento valleys of california from 1996 to 1998 using three methods: (1) virus isolation from pools of 50 host-seeking culex tarsalis coquillett females, (2) seroconversions in flocks of 10 sentinel chickens, and (3) seroprevalence in wild birds collected by mist nets and ... | 2000 | 10916291 |
| salmonella typhimurium infection in house sparrows. | | 1969 | 4900690 |
| responses to thermal stimulation of the preoptic area in the house sparrow, passer domesticus. | | 1972 | 5027101 |
| spring relapse of plasmodium relictum infections in an experimental field population of english sparrows (passer domesticus). | | 1971 | 5138979 |
| field notes on salmonella infection in greenfinches and house sparrows. | | 1969 | 5817768 |
| blood and tissue protozoa of the english sparrow (passer domesticus domesticus) in galveston, texas. | | 1966 | 6005711 |
| [house sparrows (passer domesticus l.) as carriers of vibrios]. | | 1966 | 6008906 |
| the house sparrow (passer domesticus) as a sentinel for st. louis encephalitis virus. | birds are the primary hosts for st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus in most of north america. because the increased prevalence of antibody in house sparrows (passer domesticus) has been related to human cases, this species has been frequently used as a sentinel of sle virus activity in urban areas. this study investigated the susceptibility of house sparrows to two strains of sle virus, measured antibody profiles, and evaluated the use of house sparrows in an urban surveillance system. house spar ... | 1983 | 6312819 |
| distribution and prevalence of mermet virus infections in the central united states. | tests were run on 3,198 bird sera for neutralizing antibody of mermet virus. the birds were mostly house sparrows (passer domesticus) captured in the central u.s. antibody was detected in birds from texas, mississippi, tennessee, ohio, indiana, illinois, and wisconsin, but not kentucky or missouri. antibody prevalence differed by location and between years in similar locations. these results confirmed the widespread activity of mermet virus in the central u.s., suggested irregular activity of th ... | 1981 | 6786118 |
| laboratory infection of house sparrows (passer domesticus) with mycoplasma gallisepticum and mycoplasma synoviae. | house sparrows were infected by aerosol with mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) or m. synoviae (ms). mg was reisolated from 5 to 11 sparrows 10 days postinfection, but infection appeared to be temporary. mycoplasma-free chickens reared in the experimental house became infected with mg during the trial. ms was recovered from only one sparrow. serological tests were unsatisfactory for diagnosing infected birds. the results suggest that house sparrows may be temporary biological carriers of mg. | 1983 | 6847547 |
| histochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase in the glycogen body (sinus rhomboidalis) of common brown dove, streptopelia senegalensis and house sparrow, passer domesticus. | acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity was studied in the glycogen bodies of the spinal cords of 2 birds namely streptopelia senegalensis and passer domesticus. a possible functional significance of ache in the light of relative enzymatic localization especially in hoffmann-kolliker nuclei (motor cell groups), substantia gelatinosa and other regions of gray matter of 2 avian glycogen bodies has been discussed. | 1982 | 7095105 |
| wildlife surveillance during a mycoplasma gallisepticum epornitic in domestic turkeys. | during a major mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) epornitic in domestic turkeys, tracheal swabs were collected and cultured from 477 and 770 potentially exposed wild mammals and birds, respectively. all culture attempts were negative. serum-plate (sp) and hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) tests on 770 bird sera revealed low titers (less than or equal to 1:40) in 0.9% of tested house sparrows, 1.1% of brown-headed cowbirds, 35.7% of common grackles, 1.0% of starlings, and 16.6% of eastern meadowlarks. ... | 1982 | 7159324 |
| morphometrics of the avian lung. 2. the wild mallard (anas platyrhynchos) and graylag goose (anser anser). | the lungs of 5 wild mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos) and 5 feral graylag geese (anser anser) of mean body weight 1.04 and 3.84 kg, respectively, were fixed in situ by intratracheal infusion of 2.3% glutaraldehyde, ph 7.4 and total osmolarity 350 mosm, at a pressure head of 25 cm, and analysed by standard morphometric techniques. the following data apply to both lungs together, in the fixed state, the first value relating to anas and the second to anser in each case: lung volume, 30.4 and 95.3 ... | 1982 | 7163655 |
| a study on the reservoir status of q-fever in avifauna, wild mammals and poikilotherms in uttar pradesh (india). | fifteen species of free-living birds (pigeon, mynah, house-sparrow, crow, vulture, owl, swallow, parrot, heron, duck, guinea fowl, hawk, kite, dove and peacock), 11 species of small/large wild mammals (rat, bandicoot, house mouse, shrew, bat, mongoose, ant eater, jackal wild cat, chinkara and tiger) and 5 species of poikilotherms (snakes, python, tortoise, monitor and eel) were screened for evidence of q-fever infection by the capillary agglutination test on sera to detect antibodies and/or by a ... | 1980 | 7251266 |
| monoamine oxidase in brain maturation: a histochemical study during posthatching development in altricial birds. | monoamine oxidase was studied histochemically in the brain of three altricial birds, domestic pigeon house swift and house sparrow, during posthatching development. it was found that there was a steady increase in the activity of the enzyme in all areas of the brain of the three birds. the medulla and thalamus showed adult pattern of maturation by 15-20 days in sparrow while the optic lobes and cerebellum did so by 25 days in the former and 11 days in the latter. the cerebral hemispheres showed ... | 1981 | 7264281 |
| quantitative analysis of the respiratory system of the house sparrow, budgerigar and violet-eared hummingbird. | in the house sparrow, the budgerigar and the violet-eared hummingbird the volumes of the lungs and air sacs are estimated from silicone casts. the quantitative composition of the lungs and of their compartments are measured on lung slices, the relative volumes of the parabronchi on histological sections, and the volume composition of the blood-air capillary network of the parabronchi on electron micrographs. on electron micrographs the exchange surface and the thickness of the air-blood diffusio ... | 1981 | 7330491 |
| geographic variation among st. louis encephalitis virus strains in the viremic responses of avian hosts. | we studied the capacity of 44 strains of st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus to induce viremia in an epidemiologically important wild avian host, the house sparrow (passer domesticus). selected virus strains were also inoculated at varying doses into 3-week-old chicks. viremic responses were analyzed in terms of the proportion of inoculated nestling and adult birds which became viremic, the mean duration and the mean peak titer of viremia. infectivity of avian sera was determined by plaque assay ... | 1980 | 7446828 |
| the occurrence of salmonellae in free-flying-avifauna: isolation and antibiogram. | the occurrence of salmonellae in a variety of free-flying birds was investigated. of 790 intestinal-content-samples examined, 20 yielded different salmonella serotypes, which included 10 strains of s. saint-paul, 4 of s. bareilly, 3 of s. weltevreden, 2 of s. typhimurium and 1 of salmonella e1 group. common mynah, house-sparrow, swallow, grey-partridge, parrot and crow were found positive for the presence of salmonellae. antibiogram of the isolates was studied against 14 common chemotherapeutic ... | 1980 | 7461918 |
| relationship of cliff swallows, ectoparasites, and an alphavirus in west-central oklahoma. | approximately 250 isolates of a newly recognized virus, related to western equine encephalitis virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus), were obtained from cimicid bugs, oeciacus vicarius; cliff swallows, hirundo pyrrhonata; and house sparrows, passer domesticus in a study area in west-central oklahoma at buggy creek and caddo canyons. antigenicity of the virus strains varied slightly from isolate to isolate. this paper summarizes the ecology of the area by describing in general the flora an ... | 1993 | 8381870 |
| melatonin binding in the house sparrow song control system: sexual dimorphism and the effect of photoperiod. | avian song is a sexually dimorphic behavior which is regulated seasonally. this regulation involves the construction and growth of song control structures: the high vocal center (hvc), nucleus robustus archistrialis (ra), nucleus magnocellularis anterior (man), and area x. song behavior and its neural correlates are controlled by steroid-dependent and independent processes. the avian circadian system is known to be involved in both daily processes and seasonal reproduction. a major part of this ... | 1996 | 9047277 |
| organogenesis of the harderian gland: a comparative survey. | although research interest in the harderian gland (hg) has increased during the last few years, only a small amount of information exists about its organogenesis. in mouse the hg appears in the posterior part of eye region, in the form of nonluminated tubules between the sixteenth and eighteenth days of gestation. at birth it is still not differentiated histologically. in birds the hg originates from the conjunctival epithelium at a late embryonic stage. in the english sparrow, passer domesticus ... | 1996 | 9156609 |
| antibodies to alphavirus, flavivirus, and bunyavirus arboviruses in house sparrows (passer domesticus) and tree sparrows (p. montanus) in poland. | sparrows from central poland were examined by a hemagglutination-inhibition test (titer > or = 20) for the presence of antibodies to arboviruses, between 1995 and 1996. in house sparrows (passer domesticus) (n = 179), antibodies to sindbis, west nile, tick-borne encephalitis, tahyna, and calovo viruses were detected at seroprevalences of 1.1%, 2.8%, 1.1%, 2.8%, and 1.1%, respectively. in tree sparrows (p. montanus) (n = 33), antibodies to the sindbis, west nile, and tahyna viruses were detected ... | 1998 | 9533098 |
| the pineal organ, its hormone melatonin, and the photoneuroendocrine system. | the vertebrate pineal organ rhythmically synthesizes and secretes melatonin during nighttime and forms an essential component of the photoneuroendocrine system which allows humans and animals to measure and keep the time. regulation of the melatonin biosynthesis depends on signals from photoreceptors perceiving and transmitting environmental light stimuli and endogenous oscillators generating a circadian rhythm which is independent from any environmental time cue (zeitgeber). in nonmammalian spe ... | 1998 | 9670565 |
| distribution of aromatase, estrogen receptor, and androgen receptor mrna in the forebrain of songbirds and nonsongbirds. | androgens and estrogens are crucial for the differentiation and function of the vocal control system of songbirds. a major source of estrogens in songbirds is the cerebral aromatization of circulating testosterone by aromatase (aro). in the vocal control system, songbirds have a unique estrogen receptor (er)-containing area, the nucleus hyperstriatalis ventrale pars caudale (hvc) of the caudal neostriatum. work in the zebra finch has demonstrated aro expression adjacent to but not in the hvc. co ... | 1999 | 10213192 |
| feather and nest mites of two common resident birds in two ecologically different egyptian governorates. | the study of the role played by birds in the distribution of various bacterial, viral and parasitic infections is increasingly from year to year, taking into consideration the flying ability of birds and their migration for food and vital processes. two of the common egyptian resident birds, house sparrow (passer d. niloticus) and laughing dove (streptopelia s. aegyptiaca) were chosen to study their mite fauna. the overall mite index was 4.74 on the house sparrow and 7.22 on the laughing dove. a ... | 1999 | 10605494 |
| photoperiodic information acquired and stored in vivo is retained in vitro by a circadian oscillator, the avian pineal gland. | endogenous circadian rhythms have been described in a wide range of organisms from prokaryotes to man. although basic circadian mechanisms at the molecular level are genetically fixed, certain properties of circadian rhythms at the organismic level can be modified by environmental conditions and subsequently retained for some time, even in organisms shielded from 24-hr environmental variations. to investigate the capacity of animals to acquire and store photoperiodic information, we examined act ... | 2000 | 11005840 |
| determination of the incidence of salmonella spp., campylobacter jejuni, and clostridium perfringens in wild birds near broiler chicken houses by sampling intestinal droppings. | several methods were evaluated for collecting fecal and intestinal samples from wild birds found near broiler chicken houses. a few intestinal samples and cloacal swabs were obtained from european starlings and house sparrows. most of the samples collected consisted of wild bird droppings found on or near the houses. samples were collected from each of four farms of a broiler integrator during a grow-out cycle: a cycle in the summer for farm a, fall for farm b, and spring, summer, fall, and wint ... | 2000 | 11007026 |
| pharmacological adrenalectomy with mitotane. | the potential of mitotane (ortho, para'-ddd, commonly used to treat adrenal carcinomas in humans and dogs) was investigated as an alternative to surgical adrenalectomy in birds, salamanders, and lizards. house sparrows (passer domesticus) were injected twice daily with vehicle or one of two doses of mitotane (225 or 450 mg/kg), and basal and stress-induced levels of corticosterone (cort) were measured 3 and 5 days after injections. mitotane reduced basal cort levels to nondetectable and abolishe ... | 2000 | 11042008 |
| passive absorption of hydrophilic carbohydrate probes by the house sparrow passer domesticus. | to evaluate the permeability of the intestine of the house sparrow passer domesticus to hydrophilic compounds, we applied a pharmacokinetic technique to measure in vivo absorption of two carbohydrate probes, l-arabinose and d-mannitol. probes were fed or injected, and blood and excreta were subsequently collected and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. following injection, plasma probe concentration decreased in a log-linear fashion, implying single-compartment, first-order kinetic ... | 2001 | 11171354 |
| host range and dynamics of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis among birds in north america. | an epidemic of conjunctivitis among house finches (carpodacus mexicanus) caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg) bacterial infections was first described in 1994. the disease exhibits high primary host specificity, but has been isolated from a limited number of secondary avian hosts at various times and locations. we used records from the house finch disease survey, a continent-wide, volunteer monitoring project, to document the host range of conjunctivitis in birds at feeding stations and to in ... | 2001 | 11272507 |
| arbovirus infection increases with group size. | buggy creek (bcr) virus is an arthropod-borne alphavirus that is naturally transmitted to its vertebrate host the cliff swallow (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) by an invertebrate vector, namely the cimicid swallow bug (oeciacus vicarius). we examined how the prevalence of the virus varied with the group size of both its vector and host. the study was conducted in southwestern nebraska where cliff swallows breed in colonies ranging from one to 3700 nests and the bug populations at a site vary directly ... | 2001 | 11522203 |
| a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting highlands j virus. | highlands j (hj) virus is an arbovirus frequently recovered at high rates in mosquitoes collected in the eastern united states. hj virus is primarily a veterinary pathogen causing disease in domestic birds including turkeys, chickens, and partridges. it has an enzootic cycle similar to eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus and is often used as an indicator species in eee surveillance programs. current immunologic techniques to identify hj virus are often inefficient and can involve cross-react ... | 2001 | 11569733 |
| serologic evidence for west nile virus infection in birds in the new york city vicinity during an outbreak in 1999. | as part of an investigation of an encephalitis outbreak in new york city, we sampled 430 birds, representing 18 species in four orders, during september 13-23, 1999, in queens and surrounding counties. overall, 33% were positive for west nile (wn) virus-neutralizing antibodies, and 0.5% were positive for st. louis encephalitis virus-neutralizing antibodies. by county, queens had the most seropositive birds for wn virus (50%); species with the greatest seropositivity for wn virus (sample sizes we ... | 2001 | 11585522 |
| west nile virus surveillance using sentinel birds. | captive and free-ranging birds have been used for decades as living sentinels in arbovirus surveillance programs. this review summarizes information relevant to selecting sentinel bird species for use in surveillance of west nile (wn) virus. although experience using avian sentinels for wn virus surveillance is limited, sentinels should be useful for both detecting and monitoring wn virus transmission; however, sentinel bird surveillance systems have yet to be adequately tested for use with the ... | 2001 | 11797805 |
| improved method for quantifying the avicide 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride in bird tissues using a deuterated surrogate/gc/ms method. | a method using a deuterated surrogate of the avicide 3-chloro-p-toluidine hydrochloride (cpth) was developed to quantify the cpth residues in the gastrointestinal (gi) tract and breast muscle tissues in birds collected in cpth-baited sunflower and rice fields. this method increased the range of a previous surrogate/gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy method from 0-2 to 0-20 microg/g in tissue samples and greatly simplified the extraction procedure. the modified method also sought to increase re ... | 2002 | 11829637 |
| platinum group elements in the feathers of raptors and their prey. | platinum (pt), palladium (pd), and rhodium (rh) concentrations were determined in the feathers of three raptor species in sweden, the sparrowhawk ( accipiter nisus), the peregrine falcon ( falco peregrinus), and the gyrfalcon ( falco rusticolus), as well as the main prey of the sparrowhawk (the house sparrow, passer domesticus) and the gyrfalcon (the willow grouse, lagopus lagopus). the analysis of feathers from 1917-1999 revealed a clear temporal trend, with significantly higher rh concentratio ... | 2002 | 11910463 |
| daily and circadian fluctuation in 2-deoxy[(14)c]-glucose uptake in circadian and visual system structures of the chick brain: effects of exogenous melatonin. | previous studies show that several structures of the house sparrow visual system are metabolically rhythmic, as determined by 2-deoxy[(14)c]glucose (2dg) uptake, and that these metabolic rhythms depend upon rhythmic melatonin in this species. in many species of birds, high affinity binding of 2[(125)i] iodomelatonin is widespread in the brain, especially in visual system structures. the present study asks whether 2dg uptake is similarly rhythmic in the chick brain and whether exogenous melatonin ... | 2002 | 11927362 |
| foot-and-mouth disease: susceptibility of domestic poultry and free-living birds to infection and to disease--a review of the historical and current literature concerning the role of birds in spread of foot-and-mouth disease viruses. | ruminants and pigs are the dominant natural hosts of food-and-mouth disease (fmd) viruses. approximately 70 additional mammalian species are found to be susceptible under natural or experimental conditions. reptilia, amphibia, and fish are probably naturally resistant to infection. according to the reviewed literature, domestic birds (chickens, turkeys, guinea fowl, ducks and geese) have been experimentally infected with some strains of fmd viruses and may develop lesions suggestive of fmd such ... | 2002 | 12395578 |
| different colors reveal different information: how nutritional stress affects the expression of melanin- and structurally based ornamental plumage. | avian plumage colors have emerged recently as model systems for investigating the types of information that can be signaled by showy sexual displays in animals. in many species, the brightness of carotenoid-based plumage reflects the health and condition of individuals and is used in mate selection. the information contained in melanin-based and structurally based ornamental colors in birds is less well resolved, however. we subjected male house sparrows passer domesticus and brown-headed cowbir ... | 2002 | 12409501 |
| salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype typhimurium and escherichia coli o86 in wild birds at two garden sites in south-west scotland. | salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype typhimurium and escherchia coli o86:k61:nm are two bacteria that can cause outbreaks of mortality in garden birds visiting bird tables and other feeding stations. two sites in south-west scotland were monitored for the two organisms for 12 months. at site a, large numbers of birds fed throughout the year, and at site b smaller numbers of birds fed only in the winter months. samples of composite faeces were collected from the feeding stations and s ... | 2002 | 12452355 |
| detection of west nile virus-infected mosquitoes and seropositive juvenile birds in the vicinity of virus-positive dead birds. | mosquitoes and wild birds were collected from three sites near locations in the new york city metropolitan area where single, west nile (wn) virus-positive dead birds were found early in the 2000 transmission season. the mosquitoes were tested for the presence of infectious virus with a vero cell culture assay and for wn viral rna by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) protocols. serum samples from wild birds were tested for the presence of neutralizing antibodies agai ... | 2002 | 12479550 |
| mites infesting two migratory birds, coturnix c. coturnix (quail or simmaan) and sturnus v. vulgaris (starling or zarzuur) with reference to avian zoonosis. | birds are a marvelous group of creatures. their beautiful coloration, singing, dancing and their attractive ways of life offer great pleasure to birdwatcher. egypt is one of the most important countries of migratory birds. not less than 300 species of birds visit egypt annually from allover the world. the mite fauna of two migratory birds was studied in north sinai governorate and suez canal zone. thirty-one species of mites were recovered from quail and 39 from starling. both types of birds ser ... | 1999 | 12561915 |
| varied pathogenicity of a hong kong-origin h5n1 avian influenza virus in four passerine species and budgerigars. | this investigation assessed the ability of the zoonotic a/chicken/hong kong/220/97 (chicken/hong kong) (h5n1) highly pathogenic avian influenza virus to infect and cause disease in zebra finches (taeniopygia guttata), house finches (carpodacus mexicanus), house sparrows (passer domesticus), european starlings (sternus vulgaris), and budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) after intranasal administration. zebra finches were the most severely affected of the five species, demonstrating anorexia, dep ... | 2003 | 12627709 |
| experimental infection of north american birds with the new york 1999 strain of west nile virus. | to evaluate transmission dynamics, we exposed 25 bird species to west nile virus (wnv) by infectious mosquito bite. we monitored viremia titers, clinical outcome, wnv shedding (cloacal and oral), seroconversion, virus persistence in organs, and susceptibility to oral and contact transmission. passeriform and charadriiform birds were more reservoir competent (a derivation of viremia data) than other species tested. the five most competent species were passerines: blue jay (cyanocitta cristata), c ... | 2003 | 12643825 |
| serologic evidence for west nile virus infection in birds in staten island, new york, after an outbreak in 2000. | after an outbreak of west nile virus (wnv) infections in people, horses, and wildlife in staten island, ny, during the summer of 2000, we surveyed the bird population of the island for evidence of infection. neutralizing antibodies were detected in 59 of 257 (23.0%) resident birds and none of 96 transient (migrating) birds sampled in early october. species with the greatest seroprevalence were northern cardinal (cardinalis cardinalis) (69.2%) and rock dove (columba livia) (54.5%). house sparrows ... | 2001 | 12653147 |
| migratory birds and west nile virus. | west nile virus was first recorded in the new world during august 1999 in new york city. aetiology of the disease in the old world indicated birds as the likely introductory and amplifying hosts with ornithophilous mosquitoes, e.g. culex pipiens, as the principal vectors. speculation regarding likely agents for movement of the virus in its new environment focused on migratory birds, but evidence to date is equivocal. while spread of the disease has been fairly rapid, at a rate of roughly 70 km a ... | 2003 | 12675936 |
| assessing the cost of mounting an immune response. | the evolution of parasite resistance has often been assumed to be governed by antagonistic selection pressures. defense against pathogens, by mounting an immune response, confers evident benefits but may also incur costs, so that the optimal level of defense is expected to depend on the balance between benefits and costs. although the benefits of immune surveillance are well known, estimates of costs are still equivocal. here we studied the behavioral and physiological modifications associated w ... | 2003 | 12703483 |
| detection of anti-west nile virus immunoglobulin m in chicken serum by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the emergence of west nile (wn) virus in new york and the surrounding area in 1999 prompted an increase in surveillance measures throughout the united states, including the screening of sentinel chicken flocks for antibodies. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of chicken immunoglobulin m (igm) to wn virus was developed, standardized, and characterized as a rapid and sensitive means to detect wn viral antibodies in sentinel flocks. serum specimens from experimentally i ... | 2003 | 12734241 |