| removal of setaria digitata from the anterior chamber of the equine eye. | | 1976 | 1046336 |
| mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme of a filarial worm setaria digitata: some properties and effects of drugs and herbal extracts. | mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (mmdh) and malic enzyme (mme) of a filarial worm setaria digitata were studied. mmdh exhibited the highest activities in the oxidation and reduction reactions at ph 9.5 and ph 6.2, respectively, while mme did so in the malate decarboxylation reaction at ph 6.8. mme showed no detectable activity on the pyruvate carboxylation direction. the km values for malate (1.7 mm) and oxaloacetate (0.17 mm) and the ratio of vmax oxidation: vmax reduction (2.73) tend to favo ... | 1992 | 1291764 |
| effect of diethylcarbamazine on acetylcholine and gamma amino butyric acid in setaria digitata. | in vitro studies on the effect of neurotransmitter amino acids and amines on the motility of s. digitata showed that acetylcholine (ach) had a stimulatory and gama amino butyric acid (gaba) an inhibitory effect on the parasite. when the worms were incubated in different concentrations of diethylcarbamazine there was a significant dose related increase in the level of ach, and the level of gaba remained unchanged. inhibition of acetylcholine esterase activity by diethylcarbamazine caused the accu ... | 1992 | 1293019 |
| changes in the level of biogenic amines in experimentally infected and dec treated proxy host mice. | the levels of biogenic amines, viz., epinephrine, histamine and dopamine were significantly altered in the blood and brain of the proxy host mice which were infected with the mf of setaria digitata, a filarial parasite. when dec, the drug of choice was administered to the infected mice, serotonine level was enhanced while the histamine level was decreased. the results were similar in normal mice which were given dec. | 1992 | 1296951 |
| antigenic analysis of purified surface antigens of filarial nematode setaria digitata. | the surface antigens of s. digitata were isolated by treatment with triton x-100. in non sds-page the surface antigen preparation resolved into more than 6 protein bands. electroelution of gel slices corresponding to the protein bands with relative mobilities 0.09, 0.32, 0.41, 0.53, 0.61 and 0.76 gave 6 purified surface antigen fractions (saf). analysis of safs by sds-page showed that the proteins with molecular weights 17, 29 and 36 kd were the three major polypeptides and different combination ... | 1992 | 1459612 |
| quinone dependent nadh dehydrogenation in mitochondria-like particles from setaria digitata, a filarial parasite. | in the cattle filarial parasite, setaria digitata, the mitochondria-like particles have been shown to possess site i associated oxidative phosphorylation and rotenone sensitive and insensitive pathways for the dehydrogenation of nadh. quinone depleted mitochondria-like particles show a loss of activity of these nadh dehydrogenases and also a complete loss of fumarate reductase activity. reconstitution with quinone restores both nadh linked oxygen uptake and fumarate reductase activity. thus acti ... | 1992 | 1497658 |
| fumarate reductase system of filarial parasite setaria digitata. | in the cattle filarial parasite setaria digitata the mitochondria like particles have been shown to possess nadh dependent fumarate reduction coupled with site i electron transport associated phosphorylation. this reduction is catalysed by the fumarate reductase system. the km for fumarate is 1.47 mm and that for nadh is 0.33 mm. this activity is sensitive to rotenone, antimycin a and o-hydroxy diphenyl. one atp is produced for each pair of electrons transferred to fumarate. the fumarate reducta ... | 1992 | 1567448 |
| effect of diethyl carbamazine on neurotransmitter amino acids, biogenic amines and certain related enzymes in setaria digitata. | effect of diethyl carbamazine (dec) on the levels of neurotransmitter amino acids and on the activities of related enzymes of s. digitata have been studied. when the worms were incubated in dec, substances known to have neurotransmitter effect were found increased except glycine. among the amines the level of serotonin, dihydroxy phenyl alanine and epinephrine were increased and that of histamine remained the same. dec inhibited activities of monoamine oxidase, aspartate amino transferase and al ... | 1991 | 1678364 |
| isolation and analysis of surface antigens of filarial nematode setaria digitata. | surface antigens of adult filarial parasite s. digitata was isolated by employing techniques from manual dissection to treatment with detergents. among the surface antigen preparations (saps), the activities of marker enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and 5' nucleotidase were higher with that isolated by triton x-100 technique (sap2). on sds-page, the sap2 has three major proteins with molecular weights 17, 29 and 36 kd which were consistent with the pbs soluble cuti ... | 1991 | 1769714 |
| intermediary carbohydrate metabolism in the adult filarial worm setaria digitata. | several key enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism were assayed in setaria digitata. in the cytosolic fraction pyruvate kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were found. among the tca cycle enzymes succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate reductase, fumarase (malate dehydration), malate dehydrogenase (malate oxidation and oxaloacetate reduction) and malic enzyme (malate decarboxylation) were detected in the mit ... | 1991 | 1774115 |
| in vitro release of biologically active materials from the bovine filarial parasite setaria digitata. | release of macromolecules by s. digitata, in 9 different media under in vitro condition have been studied. a direct relationship between microfilariae (mf) release and associated folin positive materials was seen in majority of the cases. high activities of hydrolytic enzymes such as protease, collagenase, alkaline phosphatase and lipase were detected in the excretary-secretary products and worm preparations. activity of collagenase could not be detected in the male worm under experimental condi ... | 1991 | 1816083 |
| quinone mediated electron transport system in the filarial parasite setaria digitata. | setaria digitata, a cattle filarial parasite, is known to have peculiarities such as hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) production, cyanide insensitivity, absence of cytochromes and presence of quinones. estimation of mitochondrial h2o2 with different substrates and inhibitors showed that salicylhydroxamic acid (sham), the alternative oxidase inhibitor, inhibited the h2o2 production maximally. based on the inhibitory studies with rotenone, antimycin a, o-hydroxydiphenyl, sham and 2 thenoyltrifluoroacetone ... | 1991 | 1989617 |
| oxidative phosphorylation coupled to electron transfer in the filarial parasite setaria digitata. | the filarial parasite of bos indicus, setaria digitata is reported to have many unique characteristics such as cyanide insensitivity and mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production. the latter is more sensitive to the alternative oxidase inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid (sham). studies on the generation of atp molecules through mitochondriae in the presence of different substrates and inhibitors showed that the oxidative phosphorylation coupled to electron transport occurs mainly at site i and in ... | 1991 | 2043118 |
| excretory/secretory antigens from a bovine filarial parasite cross react with human antifilarial antibodies. | certain excretory/secretory proteins released by adult females of the bovine filarial parasite, setaria digitata, along with the release of microfilariae when chromatographically analysed has three major protein fractions of molecular weights 70 kd (esf1), 16.5 kd (esf2) and 11 kd (esf3). of these esf2 and esf3 cross reacted with antibodies from wuchereria bancrofti infected humans. esf2 was more specific and accurate in detecting human filarial infection. similar proteins secreted by human fila ... | 1990 | 2099327 |
| some properties of beta-d-galactosidase from the adult filarial nematode setaria digitata. | beta-d-galactosidase (beta-d-galactoside galactohydrolase, e.c. 3.2.1.23) activity was localised in the digestive tract of setaria digitata. the enzyme extract shows maximum activity in the ph range between 3.5 and 5.0 and at 45 degrees c. the enzyme shows the km value of 3.636 mm for the substrate 6-bromo-2-naphthyl beta-d-galactoside and vmax of 28.57 nmol 6-bromo-2-naphthol liberated mg-1 protein min-1. activation/inhibition of the enzyme by various ions, medicinal plants and drugs has been s ... | 1990 | 2116694 |
| isolation, purification and characterization of surface antigens of the bovine filarial parasite setaria digitata for the immunodiagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. | the surface antigens of the bovine filarial parasite setaria digitata were isolated by edta extraction and purified by affinity chromatography using sepharose bound human filarial (wuchereria bancrofti) antibodies obtained from chronic human filarial sera. the purified and crude antigens were used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of serum antibodies in bancroftian filariasis. the purified antigen showed sensitive and specific reactions in elisa for the detection of ... | 1990 | 2201719 |
| quinone mediated atp production in the filarial parasite setaria digitata. | the cattle filarial parasite setaria digitata, a facultative anaerobe which is reported to be cyanide insensitive, lacks cytochromes and presents many unique characters. experiments showed the occurrence of two lower quinones q6 and q8 and its rapid synthesis is revealed by a [14c] acetate incorporation study. a schematic quinone mediated hydrogen peroxide production with the generation of atp through oxidation of substrates has been proposed. search for specific blockers at the level of quinone ... | 1990 | 2322243 |
| cuticle specific antigens from filarial parasite setaria digitata. | a fairly clean antigenic cuticle was isolated from the s. digitata by dissection. crossed immunoelectrophoresis of cuticular antigens against rabbit antiserum to cuticular antigens gave 30 anodic and 5 cathodic precipitin arcs. the cuticle antiserum cross reacted with muscle, uterus and pseudocoelomic fluid. when the antiserum was absorbed individually with these cross reacting somatic preparations, analysis against cuticle antigens gave only a limited number of precipitin arcs. but the results ... | 1990 | 2365409 |
| excretory secretory antigens of filarial parasite setaria digitata. | excretory secretory (es) material isolated from the culture fluid of s. digitata was highly antigenic. neither oesophagus nor excretory cells and excretory pore of the parasite showed reasonable fluorescence with es antisera. however, the uterine tissue and the egg showed strong fluorescence. the egg showed fluorescence mainly in the space between embryo and egg membrane (amniotic fluid). the amniotic fluid was highly antigenic and appears to be the most important source of es material released ... | 1990 | 2365423 |
| glycosaminoglycan (gag) level and activities of certain enzymes of gag metabolism in culex quinquefasciatus and setaria digitata. | significant differences were observed in gag metabolism of s. digitata and one of its intermediate vectors, c. quinquefasciatus. distribution of different components such as hyaluronic acid, heparin-sulphate, chondroitin-4-sulphate, chondroitin-6-sulphate, dermatan sulphate and heparin was comparable in both. however, there were quantitative differences; the difference was marked in the activity of enzymes of gag metabolism in presence and absence of diethylcarbamazine (dec) a known antifilarial ... | 1989 | 2517267 |
| lactate dehydrogenase from adult setaria digitata (nematoda: onchocercidae). | lactate dehydrogenase of setaria digitata exhibited an optimum ph of 7.0-8.0 and showed resistance to high temperature. the inhibition/activation of various anions differed in both the forward and backward directions. filarin (a drug used in siddha medicine) and diethylcarbamazine (dec) inhibited pyruvate reduction rather than lactate oxidation. high pyruvate reduction:lactate oxidation at vmax and vmax/km favoured pyruvate reduction in vivo. the enzyme exists as isozymes (four in the female and ... | 1989 | 2781717 |
| excretory secretory material from different sites of female reproductive tissue of filarial parasite setaria digitata. | | 1988 | 3150368 |
| oxidative activities in mitochondria-like particles from setaria digitata, a filarial parasite. | the oxidative metabolic potential of setaria digitata, a filarial parasite found in the intraperitoneal cavity of cattle, was investigated. these worms showed active wriggling movements which were not affected by respiratory poisons such as cyanide, rotenone and malonate. they also possessed cyanide-insensitive and glucose-independent oxygen consumption pathways. by differential centrifugation of sucrose homogenates, a fraction containing mitochondria-like particles was obtained in which the act ... | 1988 | 3223930 |
| an egg surface antigen of setaria digitata (filariae) shed on development to microfilariae. | egg surface antigens of setaria digitata were investigated by an immunoperoxidase staining technique. certain antigens on the egg surface were shed when the eggs developed to microfilariae. rabbit antisera to s. digitata eggs and to the soluble egg antigen reacted (as detected by immunoperoxidase staining) with the surface antigens of s. digitata eggs and immature microfilariae, and with mature microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti and dirofilaria repens, but not with the surface antigens of mat ... | 1988 | 3256115 |
| effect of diethylcarbamazine on lipid metabolism of setaria digitata. | | 1986 | 3699867 |
| heterotopic parasitism of setaria digitata (linstow, 1906) in the heart of a cattle. | | 1985 | 4094282 |
| on setaria digitata, its specific characters, incidence and development in aedes vittatus and armigeres obturbans in india with a note on its ectopic occurrence. | | 1971 | 4396399 |
| further characterization of filarial antigens by sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | sds (sodium dodecyl sulfate)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of an antigen isolated from sera of wuchereria bancrofti-infected patients and setaria digitata antigen sd2-4 is reported. both antigens showed carbohydrate (glycoprotein) staining. the w. bancrofti antigen had an apparent relative molecular mass of 35 000 while the s. digitata antigen sd2-4 migrated at the marker dye position on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. sds treatment of these antigens did not abolish the precipitatio ... | 1983 | 6354508 |
| immune complexes in wuchereria bancrofti infection in man. | the levels of immune complexes in the sera of patients with wuchereria bancrofti infection were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using a rabbit antibody to the adult setaria digitata antigens sd2-4, and by the clq-binding assay. approximately 3-7% of microfilaraemic subjects and 30-40% of amicrofilaraemic symptomatic patients had levels of immune complexes that were significantly higher than the levels observed in non-filarial control subjects. the antigen in the polyethylene gly ... | 1982 | 6761006 |
| antigen of setaria digitata: cross-reaction with surface antigens of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae and serum antibodies of w. bancrofti-infected subjects. | extracts of setaria digitata have been fractionated by deae-sephadex a50 chromatography and the fractions obtained were used in the inhibition of indirect immunofluorescence of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae. the fractions were also tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technique for reactivity against antibodies in the serum of patients with w. bancrofti infections. the results indicate that s. digitata contains several antigenic fractions that show cross-reactivity against ... | 1980 | 7002339 |
| elisa in the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection in man: a technique for reducing cross-reactivity. | the cross-reactivity of filarial heteroantigens, the non-availability of adult wuchereria bancrofti for antigen extraction, and the lack of structural information on purified filarial heteroantigens make the serological diagnosis of w. bancrofti infection in man a difficult problem. the use of immune sera from cattle infected with setaria digitata when carrying out the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) largely eliminated the cross-reactions with serum antibodies generally seen in subject ... | 1980 | 7002340 |
| antibody determination in the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection in man. | the levels of igg and ige antibodies reacting with somatic antigens of adult setaria digitata and wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae were determined in sera of 90 patients with bancroftian filariasis and 379 non-filarial subjects. antibodies reacting with adult antigens and with soluble microfilarial antigens were seen in both microfilaraemic and amicrofilaraemic patients. antibodies reacting with surface antigens of w. bancrofti microfilariae were seen only in amicrofilaraemic subjects. ige ant ... | 1981 | 7032737 |
| differential susceptibility of filarial and human erythrocyte glutathione reductase to inhibition by the trivalent organic arsenical melarsen oxide. | the glutathione reductases (gr) from two cattle filariae (setaria digitata and onchocerca gutturosa) have been isolated and their properties have been compared to those of human erythrocyte gr. in general, the enzymes appear to be very similar with respect to substrate-specificity for glutathione disulfide and nadph, molecular mass (97 kda vs. 98 kda) and oligomeric organisation (subunit size of 51 kda vs. 50 kda). however, studies on the inhibition of the enzymes by the trivalent melaminophenyl ... | 1995 | 7477103 |
| epitope specific monoclonal antibodies from heterologous antigen for immunodiagnosis of filariasis. | the excretory secretory (es) antigens produced from setaria digitata were studied by page and western blot and compared with human filarial systems. monoclonal antibodies (k3ae7 and k3bd5) developed against the es antigen were evaluated by elisa for the diagnosis of human filariasis. cent per cent positive reaction was found with the circulating filarial antigen (cfa) of microfilaria carriers, occult and symptomatic patients and clear negative reaction with both the endemic and nonendemic contro ... | 1995 | 7541391 |
| transhydrogenase activities and malate dismutation linked to fumarate reductase system in the filarial parasite setaria digitata. | setaria digitata, a cattle filarial parasite, similar to human filarial parasites, possesses significant activities of the 4 transhydrogenases namely nadh-nad+, nadph-nad+, nadh-nadp+, and nadph-nadp+ in the sonicated mitochondria like particles. the transhydrogenases appear to regulate the metabolic pathways of the parasite in response to the presence of adenyl nucleotides and are non-energy linked. observations on the transhydrogenase and fumarate reductase activities show the existence of a p ... | 1995 | 7558563 |
| isolation of microfilariae and eggs of setaria digitata. | a simple procedure of gel-filtration was used to purify microfilariae of the cattle parasite, setaria digitata from its eggs. the eggs of s. digitata were also isolated from the female worms by picking out the uterine canal. gel-filtration gave a recovery of 70% for microfilariae. | 1995 | 7622797 |
| cloning, over-expression and evaluation of a recombinant fusion protein of wuchereria bancrofti towards its application as a diagnostic agent for bancroftian filariasis. | a low molecular weight (15 kda) surface antigen of the cattle filarial nematode, setaria digitata, was earlier shown to be specifically recognized by the antibodies from human bancroftian filarial (mf positive) patients' sera (theodore & kaliraj, 1990). the filarial specific antibodies bound to a 15 kda peptide in preparative western blots were eluted and employed in screening of candidate antigens expressed in the genomic library of wuchereria bancrofti at the igg4 subclass antibody level. a re ... | 1993 | 7686281 |
| effect of acetylcholine, l-glutamine and diethyl carbamazine citrate on the release of microfilariae from setaria digitata. | release of microfilariae from adult filarial parasite s. digitata was reversibly arrested in presence of 2 mm l-glutamine. diethylcarbamazine also showed a similar effect, but at a lower concentration (0.26 mm). both compounds inhibited activities of protease and leucine amino peptidase enzymes. the only difference being, different concentrations of the two materials were required for comparable effects. levels of histamine and acetylcholine in parasite were lowered during incubation under in vi ... | 1995 | 7759124 |
| partial characterization of larval antigens of strongyloides papillosus by western blot analysis. | western blotting was used to analyse the antigens in extracts of adult and infective larvae (sil) of strongyloides papillosus with serum of infected rabbits. several proteins in both the extracts reacted with immunoglobulin g in the serum. a protein of about 16 kda in the extract of sil showed an especially strong reaction. no cross-reaction was observed among proteins in the extracts of adult worms of such cattle helminths as fasciola gigantica, homalogaster paloniae, trichuris discolor and set ... | 1994 | 7812315 |
| immune response in mice against hatching associated materials from the filarial parasite setaria digitata (von linstow). | the hatching associated materials (excretory-secretory materials (es)) from filarial parasite s. digitata showed immunosuppression in balb/c mice on immunization. the material released along with microfilariae (mf) in tyrode medium showed maximum immunosuppression while that released in presence of sublethal concentration of diethyl carbamazine (dec, 0.25 mm) showed initial potentiation followed by suppression. while, protein from lysate of embryo zone from which es materials were released along ... | 1994 | 7896315 |
| lactate oxidation coupled to energy production in mitochondria like particles from setaria digitata, a filarial parasite. | in the filarial parasite, setaria digitata, the mitochondria like particles (mlp) show nad reduction with sodium lactate. the mlp also reduces dye and ferricyanide with lactate. the ferricyanide reduction by lactate is found to be sensitive to the cytochrome o inhibitor orthohydroxy diphenyl (ohd) and complex i inhibitor rotenone, modulated by adp (+) and atp (-) and inhibited by pyruvate and oxaloacetate. mlp shows lactate oxidation sensitive to ohd, rotenone and sodium malonate. thus, the lact ... | 1994 | 7945357 |
| biosynthesis of isoprenoid compounds in cattle filarial parasite setaria digitata. | the biological significance of isoprenoid compounds such as ubiquinones, prenols and sterols have been well established. the presence and biological function of the two quinones q6 and q8 in the cattle filarial parasite setaria digitata have already been reported. inhibition of the function of quinone was already shown to be an effective means of controlling the filarial parasite. detailed investigations of the non-saponifiable lipids from s. digitata using column, thin layer, reverse phase and ... | 1994 | 7999030 |
| quinone analogues: a drug of choice for the control of filariasis. | human filariasis is caused by wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and b. timori. of the several recommended model filarial parasites by who, setaria digitata a bovine one has characteristics such as cyanide insensitivity, lack of detectable cytochromes, presence of two quinones q8 and q6. of the two quinones q8 seems to have a predominant role in energy production. in vitro inhibitory studies using quinone analogues, coenzyme q0 and menadione have shown that these compounds paralyse the worms in ... | 1993 | 8422245 |
| cellular immune responsiveness in rabbits with setaria digitata filarial antigen and tdm adjuvant. | the purified surface antigens of the bovine filarial parasite setaria digitata were used as an antigen to immunize rabbits. the aqueous suspensions of trehalose 6-6' dimycolate (tdm) has been successfully used as an effective immunomodulator in experimental studies on filariasis. the effectiveness of such an antigen-tdm combination was demonstrated by enhanced humoral and cellular immunity. administration of antigen alone shows only humoral immunity. the detectable cellular immune responses furt ... | 1993 | 8505150 |
| allergic reactivity and igg subclasses to a proteinase fraction of setaria digitata in filariasis. | a low molecular weight fraction (30 kda) of the cattle filarial parasite setaria digitata that was earlier demonstrated to have allergenic activity was characterized to be a zinc-dependent cysteine proteinase. immediate type hypersensitivity (ith) reaction to the proteinase was evaluated in lymphatic filariasis patients and in endemic controls from orissa, india. the extent of ith positivity to the proteinase in infected individuals ranged from 20% in chronic filariasis (cp) patients group to 56 ... | 1995 | 8522762 |
| histological changes in the spleen of balb/c mice caused by excretory-secretory protein(s) of setaria digitata (von linstow). | the hatching associated materials generally called the excretory-secretory material (es) released from the filarial parasite s. digitata along with the microfilariae (mf) under in vitro conditions showed immunosuppression. however the protein from lysate of embryo zone, from which es materials were released along with the mf showed immunopotentiation in balb/c mice. the histological analysis of spleen of immunized balb/c mice showed changes confirming the in vitro findings. the main changes obse ... | 1996 | 8698404 |
| setaria digitata microfilaraemia in mastomys coucha: an animal model for chemotherapeutic and immunobiological studies. | intraperitoneal implantation of adult gravid females of the bovine filarial parasite, setaria digitata in mastomys coucha was found to induce microfilaraemia lasting for about 125 days. the microfilariae (mf) could be detected as early as 4 days post-implantation (p.i.) and peak levels of about 30 mf in 20 microliters of blood were observed by 21 days. a significant positive correlation was found between mf density and the body weight of recipients pre-implantation. the implanted adult worms wer ... | 1996 | 8873474 |
| development of a diagnostic dna probe to detect setaria digitata: the causative parasite of cerebrospinal nematodiasis in goats, sheep and horses. | two repetitive sequences (ipsdm and ipsds) have been cloned and sequenced from the genome of setaria digitata. when ipsdm (214 bp) and ipsds (201 bp) were aligned, a high degree of homology (85%) was observed, indicating that they belong to the same family of repeats. ipsdm represents a complete repeating element while ipsds consists of two partial repeating elements arranged in tandem. the elements are present in about 10 000 copies comprising 2.8% of the s. digitata genome. as a diagnostic pro ... | 1996 | 8885466 |
| antibodies to diethylcarbamazine potentiate the antifilarial activity of the drug. | the antifilarial drug diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec) is known to mediate in vivo microfilaricidal activity in conjunction with the host immune system. in this study passive transfer of antibodies to dec elicited by immunization with methyl piperazine carboxylic acid (mpca) coupled to bovine serum albumin (bsa), was found to potentiate microfilaricidal activity of subcurative doses of dec in setaria digitata infected mastomys coucha. active immunization of microfilaraemic animals with mpca-bsa ... | 1997 | 9149286 |
| development of a rapid, nonradioactive, oligonucleotide-based assay for the detection of setaria digitata. | setaria species are filarial parasites which inhabit the peritoneal cavity of cattle and other ungulates. the parasite is generally considered to be nonpathogenic in its natural hosts, but the transmission of the infective larvae through mosquito vectors to its abnormal hosts (goats, sheep, or horses) can result in a serious and often fatal neuropathological disorder commonly referred to as cerebrospinal nematodiasis. we have previously described the cloning and characterization of a repetitive ... | 1997 | 9207747 |
| glutathione-binding proteins of setaria digitata: antibody responses in human infected with wuchereria bancrofti. | glutathione-s-transferase activity was determined in filarial parasites. the activity was detected in adult stages of cattle parasite setaria digitata. it was absent in other stages of setaria and also in infective larval stages of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. the activity was enhanced about twenty five fold following purification of adult setaria extracts on glutathione agarose column. antibody (igg and igm) levels to the affinity purified proteins (sdgbp) were detected predominantly ... | 1996 | 9226683 |
| necrosis of lung epithelial cells by filarial parasitic protein via an early induction of c-h-ras and tnf alpha expression. | the direct interaction of filarial proteins with lung epithelial cells was examined to determine the possible mechanism of inducing cell death, an event that is observed in patients with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. exposure of lung epithelial cells to filarial parasitic proteins, brugia malayi (bma), setaria digitata (sd), and recombinant filarial protein (pgt 7) in vitro for more than 2 days, causes the appearance of dna fragments both in the cytoplasm and culture supernatants, while no fr ... | 1997 | 9243802 |
| partial characterization of affinity purified excretory-secretory protease from setaria digitata. | excretory-secretory protease of s. digitata released along with the microfilariae (mf) during hatching has been purified by affinity chromatography. no other activity could be detected in the affinity purified material. homogeneity is checked by native page. it has a ph optimum of 5.4 and a molecular weight of 70 kd. the purified material showed positivity against antibodies raised against es material. | 1997 | 9378523 |
| classification of setaria worms from calves and adult cattle into setaria digitata and setaria marshalli by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | the protein profiles of solubilized whole worms of the species, setaria digitata and setaria marshalli were compared using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the results showed that one band with a molecular size of 69 kda was confirmed only in s. marshalli, while this band was not detected in s. digitata. there were no differences of the major bands between males and females of the respective worm species. as further investigation, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was ... | 1997 | 9440202 |
| optimisation of immunoaffinity purification of wuchereria bancrofti specific antibodies from human sera. | immunoaffinity column using setaria digitata antigens coupled to cyanogen bromide activated sepharose 4b beads were developed to purify antibodies from sera of filarial patients. chaotropic (kscn) ion elution was more efficient for purifying specific antibodies from the column in comparison to ]c elution. dot blot analysis indicated that purified antibodies showed a high degree of reactivity with cattle filarial antigen and recombinant filarial protein but not with bacterial proteins of e. coli ... | 1997 | 9475043 |
| setaria digitata adult 14- to 20-kda antigens induce differential th1/th2 cytokine responses in the lymphocytes of endemic normals and asymptomatic microfilariae carriers in bancroftian filariasis. | high titers of parasite antigen-specific igg4 antibodies have been found to be circulating in the peripheral blood of chronic patients, asymptomatic microfilariae carriers, and endemic normals in bancroftian filariasis. but in contrast to this, the titers of antigen-specific igg1, igg2, and igg3 isotype antibodies are much lower. using soluble antigens of adult setaria digitata, a cattle parasite which shows strong antigenic reactivity with filaria sera, we have identified, by immunoblot, 14- to ... | 1998 | 9533655 |
| immune response of electroeluted detergent soluble 29 kda antigen from setaria digitata (von linstow). | filariasis is one of the typical parasitic infections which cause immune suppression during the course of infection in both humans and experimental animals. a 29 kda protein isolated from detergent soluble antigen of s. digitata showed maximum inhibition of cell mediated immune response. the heat inactivated 29 kda protein was found to be devoid of property of suppression of immune response in the host. histological study of spleen of balb/c mice immunized with 29 kda protein showed changes in r ... | 1998 | 9854424 |
| presence and formation of heme and occurrence of certain heme proteins in the filarial parasite setaria digitata. | there is currently renewed interest in the biological significance of heme proteins. the most common heme proteins include hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, and redox enzymes such as catalase and peroxidase. setaria digitata is a cattle filarial parasite, which is devoid of typical cytochrome systems. however, studies showed activities of delta aminolevulinate synthase (alas), delta aminolevulinate dehydratase (alad), and heme oxygenase in appreciable amounts, suggesting the presence of necess ... | 1998 | 9875218 |
| quinone analogue irrecoverably paralyses the filarial parasites in vitro. | 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (q0), an analogue of ubiquinone, irreversibly paralyses the adult and microfilariae of the cattle filarial parasite setaria digitata. the same concentration of q0 that paralyses the microfilariae of s. digitata also paralyses the microfilariae of the human filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti within the same duration. thus the experiments done in the model s. digitata system can well be extended to the human filarial system. a drug at the level of the qu ... | 1999 | 10066426 |
| a sensitive polymerase chain reaction based assay for the detection of setaria digitata: the causative organism of cerebrospinal nematodiasis in goats, sheep and horses. | a sensitive pcr assay for the detection of setaria digitata has been developed. two oligonucleotide primers (17 nt) were designed from a previously cloned and characterized tandemly arranged repetitive sequence of setaria digitata. using these primers, it was possible to amplify small quantities (100 fg) of s. digitata genomic dna. a simple procedure, using proteinase k and non-ionic detergent np 40, was followed to process the host blood samples and mosquitoes harbouring l3 larvae. the sensitiv ... | 1999 | 10190866 |
| antibody response to a filarial antigen fraction in individuals exposed to wuchereria bancrofti infection in india. | an antigen fraction (dssdi) was isolated from the aqueous-insoluble components of adult setaria digitata. rabbit antiserum to dssdi labeled the sheaths of wuchereria and setaria microfilariae suggesting dssdi to be surface associated. antibody responses to dssdi were determined in wuchereria bancrofti exposed individuals. igm titre was highest in endemic normals (en; asymptomatic amicrofilaraemic) followed by chronic filarial patients (cp) and asymptomatic microfilaraemics (as). igg titer was hi ... | 1999 | 10232782 |
| patent infection with setaria digitata in goats in saudi arabia. | a survey was carried out on saudi sheep and goats during 1995, at the veterinary diagnostic laboratory, jeddah, to study setaria infection in small ruminants in saudi arabia. setaria digitata worms were detected in the abdominal cavity of 5 out of 48 goats (10.4%). sheep were not found to be infected. all infected goats were adults of 2-4 years of age and originating from the jeddah, mecca and al-leith areas. four cases were recorded during january-march and one during august. no lesions due to ... | 1999 | 10321587 |
| proinflammatory cytokines secreted by monocytes of filarial patients. | the levels of interleukin 1, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (gm-csf) and tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha secreted by the monocytes of filarial patients, such as asymptomatic microfilaremics (mf), chronic pathology (cp), and normal individuals, residing in a wuchereria bancrofti endemic area (en) in response to whole brugia malayi antigen (bma) and setaria digitata (sd-cuticular) and a recombinant filarial antigen (prj51) were studied. stimulation of peripheral blood adherent ... | 1999 | 10338198 |
| setaria digitata in cattle of thailand identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | adult thai setaria worms collected from cattle which were bred, housed and slaughtered in thailand were morphologically identified as setaria digitata. furthermore, in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) adult thai s. digitata had the same protein profiles as adult japanese s. digitata, but did not possess the protein with a molecular size of 69 kda which was confirmed in adult s. marshalli. in addition, there were no differences in the protein profiles between m ... | 1999 | 10342300 |
| molecular characterisation of a hsp70 gene from the filarial parasite setaria digitata. | the filarial parasite setaria digitata is the causative agent of cerebrospinal nematodiasis in its abnormal hosts such as sheep, goats and horses, and therefore is of significant veterinary importance. since very little is currently known about the biology of this parasite at molecular level, we have cloned and characterised a hsp70 gene, the first gene to be reported from this parasite. the genomic clone isolated contained sequences from two hsp70 genes. one gene, hsp70-2, was completely sequen ... | 1999 | 10428634 |
| antigenicity of a filarial protease from setaria digitata in wuchereria bancrofti infection. | a protease isolated from adult setaria digitata revealed a single, 110-kda band in a gelatin-impregnated, substrate gel. analysis with specific inhibitors indicated it to be a metallo-protease. igg from chronic filarial patients living in an area of orissa, india, endemic for wuchereria bancrofti was able to neutralize the proteolytic activity of this enzyme completely. igg from asymptomatic microfilaraemics and endemic normals (asymptomatic amicrofilaraemics) only caused partial inhibition and ... | 1999 | 10562830 |
| phosphocholine-containing, zwitterionic glycosphingolipids of adult onchocerca volvulus as highly conserved antigenic structures of parasitic nematodes. | human onchocerca volvulus infection sera were found to recognize zwitterionic glycolipids of o. volvulus and to cross-react with those of other parasitic nematodes (ascaris suum, setaria digitata and litomosoides sigmodontis). by the use of an epitope-specific monoclonal antibody, zwitterionic glycolipids of all these nematode species were observed to contain the antigenic determinant phosphocholine. a hyperimmune serum specific for arthro-series glycolipid structures reacted with the various ne ... | 2000 | 10816437 |
| succinate oxidase and fumarate reductase systems of filarial parasite setaria digitata. | activities of succinate oxidase, fumarate reductase (fr) and succinate dehydrogenase (sdh) under a set of defined conditions were determined in the mitochondrial isolate from setaria digitata, the filarial parasite from the cattle bos indicus. presence of only two activities namely sdh and succinate--uq reductase of the succinate oxidase system could be detected in s. digitata. in the absence of cytochromes, the 3rd enzyme of the complex namely cytochrome oxidase is absent and it is proposed tha ... | 2000 | 10983424 |
| upregulation of a raf kinase and a dp-1 family transcription factor in epidermal growth factor (egf) stimulated filarial parasites. | previously we have shown that in the filarial parasite brugia malayi, stimulation with murine epidermal growth factor (egf) upregulated the expression of the nuclear gtpase, ran. in this paper we provide further evidence that filarial parasites possess the ability to respond to mammalian egf. stimulation of b. malayi microfilariae with egf increased transcription of a raf kinase, increased the physical interaction between ran and at least eight unidentified proteins, abolished the association of ... | 2000 | 10996327 |
| setaria digitata infections in cattle: parasite load, microfilaraemia status and relationship to immune response. | a total of 110 cattle were examined in an area endemic for bancroftian filariasis for the prevalence of infection of the bovine filarial parasite setaria digitata. about 12.5% of cattle were found to harbour both adult worms in the peritoneum and microfilariae (mf) in circulation; 70% of the cattle were amicrofilaraemic but with an adult worm infection. a third group of cattle (16.5%) was free of detectable mf and adult worms. the presence of adult worms and/or mf did not influence the antibody ... | 2000 | 11138024 |
| a four year follow up study of filaria specific ige response in individuals with hydrocele. | hydrocele is the most common clinical manifestation in males infected with wuchereria bancrofti. ige response to a filarial allergen sd30 was evaluated in hydrocele patients living in a w. bancrofti endemic region of orissa, india. | 2000 | 11247197 |
| functional importance of the different ubiquinones in the filarial parasite setaria digitata. | the cattle filarial parasite setaria digitata is reported to have two ubiquinones, q6 and q8. these quinones are synthesized within the parasite itself and are not of host origin. maximum concentration is found in the mitochondria of the parasite. when both q6 and q8 are formed and present in the adult stage, the microfilarial stage is now shown to contain only one quinone, namely q6. both in the adult and the mf stage, q6 is associated with the process of electron transport. though reduction of ... | 2001 | 11350076 |
| wuchereria bancrofti: detection of microfilariae in asymptomatic microfilaremic individuals with setaria digitata antigens. | a dot-elisa for detection of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in an endemic area was developed. this test can differentiate the endemic normals from the microfilaraemic asymptomatic individuals. antigens of molecular weight 130 and 52 kda of the cattle filaria worm setaria digitata were used for this test. it was observed that these two antigens were also present in the serum of asymptomatic microfilaraemic individuals. | 2001 | 11556568 |
| the adult-specific ubiquinone q(8) functions as an antioxidant in the filarial parasite, setaria digitata. | the filarial parasite setaria digitata is unique in having two ubiquinones, q(6) and q(8), in the adult stage, in place of one, namely q(10), in the host. however, the microfilariae (mf) as well as the electron transfer complexes from adult mitochondria have been recently shown to contain only q(6). the second ubiquinone q(8) is present only in the adult and absent in the mf. though both q(6) and q(8) are present in the adult stage in the ratio 65:35, there is an enrichment of q(8) in the excret ... | 2001 | 11689001 |
| ocular infection of cattle with setaria digitata. | one 5-month-old female native korean calf and a 2-year-old female holstein cow raised in two farms about 4 km apart from each other in korea, were found to have the left eye opaque, which included motile white worms in the aqueous humor. the parasite removed from the left eye of the calf was identified as setaria digitata based on both light and electron microscopic features. the ocular infection with s. digitata reported herein may document the first aberrant case in korean cattle. | 2002 | 11853150 |
| differentiation of setaria digitata and setaria labiatopapillosa using molecular markers. | 5s rrna intergenic regions of setaria digitata and setaria labiatopapillosa were pcr amplified with primers designed from the 5s rrna gene of brugia malayi. the ladder-like banding patterns obtained for the amplifications were distinctly different for the two species. four amplified products were cloned into the pbs vector and completely sequenced. dna clones from two individual samples of s. digitata, sd4 and sd6, showed 97% sequence homology to each other. all sequenced clones showed the prese ... | 2003 | 12573602 |
| [note on an epizootic cerebrospinal hematode infestation of animals, a form of focal encephalomyelomalacia, caused by young worms (setaria digitata); research on animal pathology and its significance in human neurology]. | | 1952 | 12985264 |
| cerebrospinal nematodiasis: focal encephalomyelomalacia of animals caused by nematodes (setaria digitata); a disease which may occur in man. | | 1953 | 13079357 |
| cerebrospinal setariosis with setaria marshalli and setaria digitata infection in cattle. | setaria digitata and s. marshalli larvae were observed in the cerebrospinal cavity of 2 paralyzed cattle in taiwan. the 2 affected cattle showed quadriplegia and lumbar paralysis, respectively. at necropsy, which was performed 7 days after the 7-month-old cattle became quadriplegic, three and nineteen s. marshalli larvae as well as two female adult worms were found in the cranial cavity, spinal cavity and peritoneal cavity of the cattle, respectively. necropsy on the other 8-month-old cattle was ... | 2003 | 14532689 |
| nervous disease of domesticated animals caused by filaria (setaria digitata). | | 1951 | 14836274 |
| lumbar paralysis of ovine species in japan reportedly caused by setaria digitata. | | 1951 | 14841133 |
| comparison of microfilaria concentration method for setaria digitata infection in cattle and for dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs. | several peripheral blood microfilaria concentration methods that use acetone (acetone test), 2% formalin (modified knott method), 5% tween 20 solution, distilled water, 1% or 0.1% sds were compared for their efficacy in detecting setaria digitata microfilaria in cattle. the acetone test was found to be more efficacious than the modified knott method or the 5% tween 20 solution test for detecting the s. digitata microfilaria in bovine blood. however, besides the acetone test, the modified knott m ... | 2004 | 15187366 |
| demonstration of vector competence of culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) for setaria digitata. | in taiwan, setaria digitata infection causes a lumber paralysis in increasing number of cattle. culex quinquefasciatus is one of the predominant mosquitoes, and it has been suspected that c. quinquefasciatus acts as a vector to setaria nematodes prevalence but this was not confirmed. c. quinquefasciatus, aedes albopictus and a. aegypti of various strains were investigated using an artificial infection system to evaluate their vector competence. after blood feeding at day 14, the number of larvae ... | 2004 | 15325055 |
| setaria digitata: identification and characterization of a hypodermally expressed sxp/ral2 protein. | sxp-1, an immunodominant filarial protein identified from wuchereria bancrofti from our centre and previously exploited for diagnosis of human lymphatic filariasis, has been shown to be well conserved across several filarial species. in the present study, we describe the identification of sxp protein from the cattle filarid setaria digitata using antiserum raised against recombinant wbsxp-1, and were able to detect 34 and 66kda proteins from the crude protein extracts of s. digitata. these react ... | 2005 | 15979614 |
| a flow cytometry based method for studying embryogenesis and immune reactivity to embryogenic stages in filarial parasites. | in the absence of intermediate animal hosts, the process of embryogenesis leading to fecundity of adult female filarial worms is very critical for persistence of these obligate parasites in human communities. embryogenesis in adult female filarial parasites involves fertilization of eggs or oocytes by sperms and their subsequent development into motile microfilariae inside the uterine cavity of worms. development of assays for monitoring embryogenesis in adult female worms is a critical requirem ... | 2005 | 16274474 |
| setaria digitata secreted filarial lipids modulate il-12 signaling through jak-stat pathway leading to the development of th1 response. | filariasis is a debilitating parasitic disease in many tropical countries. despite the highly evolved immune system, the filarial parasites successfully evade host immunity to persist for a sustained period of time. earlier studies have shown that the filarial parasites achieve this long-term survival through release of immunosuppressive materials in the host. in this study, we show that the secreted filarial lipids (sfl) isolated from setaria digitata suppress th1 immune response. while immuniz ... | 2006 | 16647056 |
| in vitro screening of medicinal plant extracts for macrofilaricidal activity. | methanolic extracts of 20 medicinal plants were screened at 1-10 mg/ml for in vitro macrofilaricidal activity by worm motility assay against adult setaria digitata, the cattle filarial worm. four plant extracts showed macrofilaricidal activity by worm motility at concentrations below 4 mg/ml and an incubation period of 100 min. complete inhibition of worm motility and subsequent mortality was observed at 3, 2, 1 and 1 mg/ml, respectively, for centratherum anthelminticum, cedrus deodara, sphaeran ... | 2007 | 17013649 |
| morphological survey of bovine setaria in the abdominal cavities of cattle in aomori and kumamoto prefectures, japan. | an epidemiological survey of bovine setaria collected from the abdominal cavities was performed morphologically on the cattle in aomori and kumamoto prefectures, japan, between august 2005 and july 2006. fifty setaria worms were collected from the cattle in aomori prefecture and 847 from those in kumamoto prefecture. of these worms, 35 were identified as setaria digitata, 14 as s. marshalli, and one as s. labiatopapillosa in aomori prefecture, while 816 were identified as s. digitata and 31 as s ... | 2007 | 17485931 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of setaria digitata of sri lanka based on co1 and 12s rdna genes. | the aim of the present research is to determine the phylogenetic position of setaria digitata of sri lanka in the evolutionary tree of filarial worms. dna sequences of portions of the mitochondrial genes cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (co1) and small subunit ribosomal rna (12s rdna) were analysed. intra-specific variation was observed in co1 but not in 12s rdna. phylogenetic trees inferred from these two genes resembled one another in recognizing monophyly of setaria. s. digitata and setaria lab ... | 2007 | 17614204 |
| antifilarial lead molecules isolated from trachyspermum ammi. | lymphatic filariasis is caused by infection with the parasitic filarial nematodes wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and b. timori, transmitted by mosquitoes. the lack of an adulticidal drug poses a challenge to filariasis elimination, hence it is essential to develop an effective antifilarial drug which could either kill or permanently sterilize the adult worms. in the reported work the in vitro activity of a methanolic extract of fruits of trachyspermum ammi (apiaceae) against adult bovine fi ... | 2008 | 18830147 |
| protective efficacy of a filarial surface antigen in experimental filariasis. | a water-insoluble, detergent-soluble, surface-associated glycoprotein, designated as dssd1, was found to induce microfilaria clearance in mastomys coucha implanted with setaria digitata. intraperitoneal implantation of adult female worms of s. digitata in m. coucha could induce microfilaraemia lasting about 165 days in circulation. immunization of m. coucha with dssd1 antigen either before or after implantation of worms resulted in a significant reduction in microfilaria density. complete cleara ... | 2009 | 18922206 |
| immunolocalization and serum antibody responses to brugia malayi pepsin inhibitor homolog (bm-33). | cdna coding for brugia malayi pepsin inhibitor homolog (bm-33) from the human filarial parasite was cloned in prset for large-scale expression and functional characterization. the prset-b cloned gene did not yield recombinant protein expression and the reason was attributed to the presence of an n-terminal signal peptide. the gene was subcloned in prset-a without a signal peptide and the 33 kda histidine-tagged recombinant protein was purified by imac. all individuals from an endemic area genera ... | 2009 | 19302528 |
| synthesis and screening of 1-methyl-4-substituted benzoyl piperazides against adult setaria digitata for antifilarial activity. | there is no safe and effective drug for killing the adult worms for the elimination/control of lymphatic filariasis and research is very much warranted towards the development of a macrofilaricidal drug. therefore, the synthesis and evaluation of 1-n-methyl-substituted benzoyl/phenyl acetyl piperazides for macrofilaricidal activity were carried out. the title compounds, 1-n-methyl-substituted benzoyl/phenyl acetyl piperazides were synthesized and purified by slightly modifying the reported proce ... | 2009 | 19376077 |
| in vitro antifilarial activity of glutathione s-transferase inhibitors. | female adult bovine filarial worms setaria digitata were extracted with phosphate-buffered saline (ph 7.4) and glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity and protein content were determined. the protein content, gst enzyme activity, and specific activity were 10.61 +/- 3.41 mg ml(-1), 0.09 +/- 0.019 micromol min(-1) ml(-1), and 0.009 +/- 0.002 micromol min(-1) mg(-1) protein, respectively. the gst inhibition studies were performed with and without the inhibitors resulted from earlier molecular doc ... | 2009 | 19562376 |
| a diagnostically useful 200-kda protein is secreted through the surface pores of the filarial parasite setaria digitata. | the excretory/secretory (es) materials from filarial parasites form an important tool for immunodiagnosis of filariasis. we have raised monoclonal antibodies against es proteins isolated from the medium incubated with live adult bovine filarial parasite setaria digitata. the hybridoma were cloned and characterised with respect to the individual proteins of the es materials. a secretory glycoprotein with molecular weight 200-kda (gp200) was purified, localised and characterised using the specific ... | 2009 | 19588167 |
| a putative nuclear growth factor-like globular nematode specific protein. | expressed sequence tags (ests) are an effective approach for discovery of novel genes. in the current study, approximately 250 ests of the cattle parasitic nematode setaria digitata were examined and a cdna clone identified whose coding sequence could not be functionally annotated by searching over publicly available genome, protein, est and sts databases. here, we report the extensive characterization of this orf (up) and its homologues using a bioinformatic approach. uncharacterized protein (s ... | 2009 | 19759810 |
| transplacental transfer of filarial antigens from wuchereria bancrofti-infected mothers to their offspring. | maternal infection has been considered to be a risk factor for filarial infection in offspring. in order to examine the influence of maternal infection in neonates, we have determined the prevalence of circulating filarial antigen (cfa) and anti-filarial antibodies in 119 maternal and corresponding cord blood samples collected from an area endemic for bancroftian filariasis. | 2010 | 19849889 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of setaria digitata (nematoda: filarioidea): mitochondrial gene content, arrangement and composition compared with other nematodes. | in the present study, we determined the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence (13,839bp) of parasitic nematode setaria digitata and its structure and organization compared with onchocerca volvulus, dirofilaria immitis and brugia malayi. the mt genome of s. digitata is slightly larger than the mt genomes of other filarial nematodes. s. digitata mt genome contains 36 genes (12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rnas and 2 ribosomal rnas) that are typically found in metazoans. this genome cont ... | 2010 | 20470833 |
| biochemical studies on glutathione s-transferase from the bovine filarial worm setaria digitata. | setaria digitata is a filarial worm of the cattle used as a model system for antifilarial drug screening, due to its similarity to the human filarial parasites wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. since filarial glutathione s-transferase (gst) is a good biochemical target for antifilarial drug development, a study has been undertaken for the biochemical characterization of gst from s. digitata. cytosolic fraction was separated from the crude s.digitata worm homogenate by ultracentrifugation a ... | 2011 | 21207063 |
| studies on filarial gst as a target for antifilarial drug development-in silico and in vitro inhibition of filarial gst by substituted 1,4-naphthoquinones. | eleven 1,4-naphthoquinone analogues with different amino substitutions at position 3 of the quinone ring earlier reported for macrofilaricidal activity were selected and screened against purified cytosolic gst isolated from the bovine filarial worm setaria digitata and ic(50) values were determined. of the 11 compounds tested, 8 showed good inhibition against s. digitata gst. the ic(50) values of the most effective macrofilaricidal compounds-11 [2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)naphthalene-1,4-dione] a ... | 2011 | 21267750 |