| female fertility and mating type distribution in a south african population of fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini | fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini is the causal agent of pitch canker disease of pines. the initial occurrence of f. subglutinans f. sp. pini in south africa was limited to a single nursery, and isolates from this population are capable of reproducing sexually. we determined the effective population number, ne, of this population by using mating type and male/hermaphrodite polymorphisms as indicators. the effective population number for mating type, ne(mt), is 99% of the count (total population) ... | 1998 | 9603819 |
| fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini represents a distinct mating population in the gibberella fujikuroi species complex | fusarium strains in the gibberella fujikuroi species complex cause diseases on a variety of economically important plants. one of these diseases, pitch canker of pinus spp., is caused by strains identified as fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini. fertile crosses were detected between f. subglutinans f. sp. pini strains from south africa, california, and florida. f. subglutinans f. sp. pini strains were not cross-fertile with the standard tester strains of six of the seven other mating populations o ... | 1999 | 10049883 |
| differentiation of fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini by histone gene sequence data. | fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini (= f. circinatum) is a pathogen of pine and is one of eight mating populations (i.e., biological species) in the gibberella fujikuroi species complex. this species complex includes f. thapsinum, f. moniliforme (= f. verticillioides), f. nygamai, and f. proliferatum, as well as f. subglutinans associated with sugarcane, maize, mango, and pineapple. differentiating these forms of f. subglutinans usually requires pathogenicity tests, which are often time-consuming ... | 1999 | 10427026 |
| partial mat-2 gene structure and the influence of temperature on mating success in gibberella circinata. | genetic analysis of gibberella circinata, the causative agent of pitch canker disease of pines, historically has been thwarted by a low frequency of mating success in the laboratory. we describe two findings that should facilitate genetic analysis of this fungus and related species. first, we determined that previously described degenerate primers could be used to amplify a portion of the mat-2 mating type gene from g. circinata. this led to the cloning and sequencing of a fragment of the mat-2 ... | 1999 | 10512671 |
| molecular mating type assay for fusarium circinatum. | a rapid and reliable mating type assay for fusarium circinatum was created by applying primers specific for the mat1-1 and mat1-2 mating type alleles to genomic dna in a single pcr. a similar approach may be applied to fungi not previously shown to reproduce sexually, thus enabling studies of population structure and inheritance. | 2000 | 11097938 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the endopolygalacturonase gene from the pitch canker fungus, fusarium circinatum. | the fungus fusarium circinatum causes pitch canker disease on mature pine trees and root rot and damping-off of pine seedlings. endopolygalacturonases (endopgs) play a major role during penetration of plants by fungi. digestion of the pectic polysaccharides in the plant primary cell walls is one of the earliest functions of endopgs during infection. the research objective was to clone and characterize the gene encoding endopolygalacturonase in f. circinatum. a 970-bp dna fragment was cloned by u ... | 2001 | 11400056 |
| pathogen challenge, salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid regulate expression of chitinase gene homologs in pine. | to better understand the molecular regulation of defense responses in members of the genus pinus, we tested the expression of various chitinase homologs in response to pathogen-associated signals. pschi4, a putative extracellular class ii chitinase, was secreted into liquid medium by pine cells and was also secreted by transgenic tobacco cells that ectopically expressed pschi4. extracellular proteins of pine were separated by isoelectric focusing; pschi4 was not associated with fractions contain ... | 2002 | 12026177 |
| detection and quantification of airborne conidia of fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker, from two california sites by using a real-time pcr approach combined with a simple spore trapping method. | pinus radiata (monterey pine), a tree native to coastal california and mexico, is widely planted worldwide for timber production. a major threat to monterey pine plantations is the fungal disease pine pitch canker, caused by fusarium circinatum (hypocreales). we present a novel trapping approach using filter paper in combination with a rapid molecular method to detect the presence of inoculum in the air. the assay is also useful for diagnosing the presence of the pathogen on plants. the test is ... | 2004 | 15184151 |
| pine genes regulated by the necrotrophic pathogen fusarium circinatum. | a targeted genomics approach was used to construct a cdna array of potential pathogen-regulated genes for investigating host-pathogen interactions in pine trees (pinus species). this array, containing a nonredundant set of 311 cdnas, was assembled by combining smaller sets of cdnas generated by differential display or suppression subtraction hybridization using a variety of pathogen treatments and elicitors. the array was probed to identify host genes regulated by fusarium circinatum, a necrotro ... | 2004 | 15221139 |
| genetic dissection of fusiform rust and pitch canker disease traits in loblolly pine. | loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.) exhibits genetic resistance to fusiform rust disease (incited by the biotrophic fungus, cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme) and pitch canker disease (incited by the necrotrophic fungus, fusarium circinatum). in this study, a total of 14,015 loblolly pine cuttings from 1,065 clones were screened in controlled greenhouse conditions to identify phenotypes of clones, families, and parents that guide a genetic dissection of disease traits associated with pitch canker ... | 2005 | 15700146 |
| geographic isolation of diplodia scrobiculata and its association with native pinus radiata. | diplodia pinea (syn. sphaeropsis sapinea) is a well-known latent pathogen of pinus spp. with a worldwide distribution. as such, this fungus is native where pines are endemic in the northern hemisphere and it has been introduced into all countries of the southern hemisphere where pines are exotic. the newly described d. scrobiculata (formerly known as the b morphotype of d. pinea) is thought to have a much more limited distribution. d. scrobiculata was first reported as an endophyte and weak path ... | 2004 | 15757175 |
| potential diversity in vegetative compatibility groupings in the california population of gibberella circinata. | pitch canker, caused by gibberella circinata, is a disease affecting pines throughout the world. although the pathogen is capable of sexual reproduction, natural populations are often comprised of very few vegetative compatibility groups (vcgs), which implies a predominance of asexual reproduction. however, even where outcrossing occurs, a population could have limited vcg diversity due to a low level of polymorphism at the loci governing vegetative compatibility (=vic loci). to determine whethe ... | 2006 | 16879958 |
| spatial relationships between nitrogen status and pitch canker disease in slash pine planted adjacent to a poultry operation. | pitch canker disease (fusarium circinatum nirenberg & o'donnell) causes serious shoot dieback, reduced growth and mortality in pines found in the southern and western usa, and has been linked to nutrient imbalances. poultry houses with forced-air ventilation systems produce nitrogen (n) emissions. this study analyzed spatial correlations between pitch canker disease and foliar, forest floor, soil, and throughfall n in a slash pine (pinus elliottii var. elliottii engelm.) plantation adjacent to a ... | 2007 | 17049465 |
| complete genetic linkage maps from an interspecific cross between fusarium circinatum and fusarium subglutinans. | the gibberella fujikuroi complex includes many plant pathogens of agricultural crops and trees, all of which have anamorphs assigned to the genus fusarium. in this study, an interspecific hybrid cross between gibberella circinata and gibberella subglutinans was used to compile a genetic linkage map. a framework map was constructed using a total of 578 aflp markers together with the mating type (mat-1 and mat-2) genes and the histone (h3) gene. twelve major linkage groups were identified (n=12). ... | 2007 | 17418597 |
| characterization of fusarium circinatum from pinus spp. in northern spain. | pitch canker caused by fusarium circinatum was recently reported on pinus spp. in spain. in this study, a collection of 157 isolates of f. circinatum obtained from different geographical origins and hosts in northern spain were identified and characterized by cultural and morphological features, pcr-rflps of the histone h3 gene, igs region, and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (tef). mating types were determined by multiplex pcr and sexual compatibility was performed under laborato ... | 2007 | 17662589 |
| evidence for recombination and segregation of virulence to pine in a hybrid cross between gibberella circinata and g. subglutinans. | two species associated with the gibberella fujikuroi species complex, g. circinata (the cause of pitch canker in pines) and g. subglutinans (avirulent on pine), were found to have limited interfertility in hybrid crosses. mat idiomorphs, polymorphisms in the histone h3 gene, vegetative compatibility, and virulence phenotypes were used to verify recombination. the mat idiomorphs appeared to be assorting independently, but the histone h3 haplotype was disproportionately represented by that of the ... | 2007 | 17681226 |
| quantitative association of bark beetles with pitch canker fungus and effects of verbenone on their semiochemical communication in monterey pine forests in northern spain. | the association between 11 species of bark beetles (coleoptera: scolytinae) and one weevil (coleoptera: entiminae) with the pitch canker fungus, fusarium circinatum nirenberg and o'donnell, was determined by crushing beetles on selective medium and histone h3 gene sequencing. pityophthorus pubescens (marsham) (25.00%), hylurgops palliatus (gyllenhal) (11.96%), ips sexdentatus (börner) (8.57%), hypothenemus eruditus westwood (7.89%), hylastes attenuatus erichson (7.40%), and orthotomicus erosus ( ... | 2007 | 17716465 |
| pitch canker disease of pines. | abstract pitch canker, caused by fusarium circinatum, is a disease affecting pines in many locations throughout the world. the pathosystem was originally described in the southeastern (se) united states and was identified in california in 1986. limited vegetative compatibility group (vcg) diversity in the california population of f. circinatum, relative to the se united states, suggests the former is a recently established and clonally propagating population. although the much greater vcg divers ... | 2006 | 18943185 |
| variation in rates of spore deposition of fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker, over a 12-month-period at two locations in northern california. | patterns of spore deposition by fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker (ppc) of monterey pine (pinus radiata) and other conifers, were studied between may 2003 and april 2004 at two sites in northern california using a novel spore trapping method combined with a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) approach. at each study site, two plots were sampled by placing spore traps at 100 m intervals along transects 600 m in length. the air was sampled continuously by exchanging ... | 2008 | 18943249 |
| microsatellite discovery by deep sequencing of enriched genomic libraries. | robust molecular markers such as microsatellites are important tools used to understand the dynamics of natural populations, but their identification and development are typically time consuming and labor intensive. the recent emergence of so-called next-generation sequencing raised the question as to whether this new technology might be applied to microsatellite development. following this view, we considered whether deep sequencing using the 454 life sciences/roche gs-flx genome sequencing sys ... | 2009 | 19317665 |
| sensitive detection of fusarium circinatum in pine seed by combining an enrichment procedure with a real-time polymerase chain reaction using dual-labeled probe chemistry. | fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of pitch canker disease on numerous pinus spp. this aggressive fungus may infect pine seed cryptically and, therefore, can easily be spread long distances by the seed trade. f. circinatum has recently been listed as a quarantine organism in numerous countries throughout the world, which prompted the development of a specific and sensitive tool for the detection of this pathogen in conifer seed. a new detection protocol for f. circinatum based on a biologic ... | 2009 | 19351254 |
| visualization of wound periderm and hyphal profiles in pine stems inoculated with the pitch canker fungus fusarium circinatum. | postpenetration behavior of fusarium circinatum in stems of pine species was investigated with light and transmission electron microscopy. two-year-old stems of pinus rigida and p. densiflora were wound-inoculated with the fungal conidial suspension and subjected to 25 degrees c for up to 30 days. it was common to observe the formation of wound periderm on each pine species, recovering wounded sites with newly formed tissues. the outermost thick layer of wound periderm was pink to red colored wi ... | 2009 | 19484779 |
| association mapping of quantitative disease resistance in a natural population of loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.). | genetic resistance to disease incited by necrotrophic pathogens is not well understood in plants. whereas resistance is often quantitative, there is limited information on the genes that underpin quantitative variation in disease resistance. we used a population genomic approach to identify genes in loblolly pine (pinus taeda) that are associated with resistance to pitch canker, a disease incited by the necrotrophic pathogen fusarium circinatum. a set of 498 largely unrelated, clonally propagate ... | 2010 | 20628037 |
| a genetically homogenous population of fusarium circinatum causes pitch canker of pinus radiata in the basque country, spain. | pitch canker, caused by fusarium circinatum, is a destructive disease of pinus species and has recently been shown to represent a substantial threat to natural and commercial forests in northern spain. the genetic diversity of f. circinatum in the basque country of spain was assessed by characterising 96 isolates based on vegetative compatibility groups (vcgs), mating type assays, polymorphic dna-markers and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analyses. for this purpose, f. circinatum ... | 2011 | 21354535 |
| polymerase chain reaction-based detection of fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pitch canker disease. | pitch canker is a highly damaging disease of pinus radiata and the new zealand forest industry is concerned by the potential impact of the disease, should it arrive, in new zealand. to provide a rapid identification technique for this pathogen, a polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic method has been developed. the method is able to detect the presence of the pathogen within infected host tissue, as well as infested soil and the reliability of the test has been estimated using bayesian stati ... | 2008 | 21586018 |
| genetic analysis of growth, morphology and pathogenicity in the f(1) progeny of an interspecific cross between fusarium circinatum and fusarium subglutinans. | fusarium circinatum and fusarium subglutinans are two distinct species in the gibberella fujikuroi species complex. a genetic linkage map produced from an interspecific cross between these species was used to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) associated with variation in mycelial growth and morphology of colony margins (cms) in the 94 f(1) progeny. mycelial growth was assessed by measuring culture size at 25°c and 30°c, while cm morphology was characterized in the parents and assessed in t ... | 2011 | 21872187 |
| phosphite shifts physiological and hormonal profile of monterey pine and delays fusarium circinatum progression. | fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of pitch canker disease affecting pinus spp. and pseudotsuga menziesii worldwide. under strict quarantine measures, alternative approaches for disease control are necessary. phosphite (phi) salts are known for their fungicidal activity and as plant resistance elicitors; however, its potential is yet to be acknowledged in the pinus-f. circinatum model. the main aim of this study was to assess whether the application of a phi-based commercial formulation wou ... | 2017 | 28284060 |
| incorporating exposure to pitch canker disease to support management decisions of pinus pinaster ait. in the face of climate change. | climate change is gravely affecting forest ecosystems, resulting in large distribution shifts as well as in increasing infection diseases and biological invasions. accordingly, forest management requires an evaluation of exposure to climate change that should integrate both its abiotic and biotic components. here we address the implications of climate change in an emerging disease by analysing both the host species (pinus pinaster, maritime pine) and the pathogen's (fusarium circinatum, pitch ca ... | 2017 | 28192454 |
| novel taxa in the fusarium fujikuroi species complex from pinus spp. | the pitch canker pathogen fusarium circinatum has caused devastation to pinus spp. in natural forests and non-natives in commercially managed plantations. this has drawn attention to the potential importance of fusarium species as pathogens of forest trees. in this study, we explored the diversity of fusarium species associated with diseased pinus patula, p. tecunumanii, p. kesiya and p. maximinoi in colombian plantations and nurseries. plants displaying symptoms associated with a f. circinatum- ... | 2015 | 26955193 |
| random forest (rf) wrappers for waveband selection and classification of hyperspectral data. | hyperspectral data collected using a field spectroradiometer was used to model asymptomatic stress in pinus radiata and pinus patula seedlings infected with the pathogen fusarium circinatum. spectral data were analyzed using the random forest algorithm. to improve the classification accuracy of the model, subsets of wavebands were selected using three feature selection algorithms: (1) boruta; (2) recursive feature elimination (rfe); and (3) area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ... | 2016 | 26903567 |
| genome-based selection and characterization of fusarium circinatum-specific sequences. | fusarium circinatum is an important pathogen of pine trees and its management in the commercial forestry environment relies largely on early detection, particularly in seedling nurseries. the fact that the entire genome of this pathogen is available opens new avenues for the development of diagnostic tools for this fungus. in this study we identified open reading frames (orfs) unique to f. circinatum and determined that they were specific to the pathogen. the orf identification process involved ... | 2016 | 26888868 |
| combined de novo and genome guided assembly and annotation of the pinus patula juvenile shoot transcriptome. | pines are the most important tree species to the international forestry industry, covering 42 % of the global industrial forest plantation area. one of the most pressing threats to cultivation of some pine species is the pitch canker fungus, fusarium circinatum, which can have devastating effects in both the field and nursery. investigation of the pinus-f. circinatum host-pathogen interaction is crucial for development of effective disease management strategies. as with many non-model organisms, ... | 2015 | 26652261 |
| fusarium circinatum isolates from northern spain are commonly infected by three distinct mitoviruses. | pitch canker is a serious disease of pines caused by the ascomycete fungus gibberella circinata (anamorph = fusarium circinatum). three distinct mitovirus strains have been described in this fungus: fusarium circinatum mitovirus 1 (fcmv1), fcmv2-1 and fcmv2-2. here, we investigated the frequency and population variation of these viruses and closely related sequence variants in northern spain using rt-pcr and sequencing. each virus strain and similar sequence variants shared >95 % sequence identi ... | 2015 | 26025157 |
| ima genome-f 3: draft genomes of amanita jacksonii, ceratocystis albifundus, fusarium circinatum, huntiella omanensis, leptographium procerum, rutstroemia sydowiana, and sclerotinia echinophila. | the genomes of fungi provide an important resource to resolve issues pertaining to their taxonomy, biology, and evolution. the genomes of amanita jacksonii, ceratocystis albifundus, a fusarium circinatum variant, huntiella omanensis, leptographium procerum, sclerotinia echinophila, and rutstroemia sydowiana are presented in this genome announcement. these seven genomes are from a number of fungal pathogens and economically important species. the genome sizes range from 27 mb in the case of cerat ... | 2014 | 25734036 |
| adaptive potential of maritime pine (pinus pinaster) populations to the emerging pitch canker pathogen, fusarium circinatum. | there is a concern on how emerging pests and diseases will affect the distribution range and adaptability of their host species, especially due to different conditions derived from climate change and growing globalization. fusarium circinatum, which causes pitch canker disease in pinus species, is an exotic pathogen of recent introduction in spain that threatens its maritime pine (p. pinaster) stands. to predict the impact this disease will have on the species, we examine host resistance traits ... | 2014 | 25500822 |
| genome-wide macrosynteny among fusarium species in the gibberella fujikuroi complex revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphisms. | the gibberella fujikuroi complex includes many fusarium species that cause significant losses in yield and quality of agricultural and forestry crops. due to their economic importance, whole-genome sequence information has rapidly become available for species including fusarium circinatum, fusarium fujikuroi and fusarium verticillioides, each of which represent one of the three main clades known in this complex. however, no previous studies have explored the genomic commonalities and differences ... | 2014 | 25486277 |
| the effect of resin and monoterpenes on spore germination and growth in fusarium circinatum. | resin obtained from pinus radiata and five monoterpene components of resin (limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, and myrcene) were tested to determine their effects on mycelial growth and germination and survival of spores of fusarium circinatum, the cause of pitch canker in pine, and f. temperatum, which is interfertile with f. circinatum but not pathogenic to pine. averaged across all treatments, f. temperatum sustained the greatest reduction in radial growth (16.9±0.02% of control). the gr ... | 2015 | 25163010 |
| three mitovirus strains infecting a single isolate of fusarium circinatum are the first putative members of the family narnaviridae detected in a fungus of the genus fusarium. | fusarium circinatum nirenberg & o'donnell (teleomorph = gibberella circinata) is the causal agent of pitch canker disease of pines. since 2004 it has been present in europe, particularly in northern spain, affecting p. radiata and p. pinaster in plantations and nurseries. the disease has now also spread to other european countries, including france, italy and portugal. in this report, we describe three novel members of the genus mitovirus from a spanish isolate of f. circinatum: fusarium circina ... | 2014 | 24519462 |
| evidence for inter-specific recombination among the mitochondrial genomes of fusarium species in the gibberella fujikuroi complex. | the availability of mitochondrial genomes has allowed for the resolution of numerous questions regarding the evolutionary history of fungi and other eukaryotes. in the gibberella fujikuroi species complex, the exact relationships among the so-called "african", "asian" and "american" clades remain largely unresolved, irrespective of the markers employed. in this study, we considered the feasibility of using mitochondrial genes to infer the phylogenetic relationships among fusarium species in this ... | 2013 | 24010864 |
| environmental maternal effects mediate the resistance of maritime pine to biotic stress. | the resistance to abiotic stress is increasingly recognised as being impacted by maternal effects, given that environmental conditions experienced by parent (mother) trees affect stress tolerance in offspring. we hypothesised that abiotic environmental maternal effects may also mediate the resistance of trees to biotic stress. the influence of maternal environment and maternal genotype and the interaction of these two factors on early resistance of pinus pinaster half-sibs to the fusarium circin ... | 2013 | 23922944 |
| evidence for multiple introductions and clonality in spanish populations of fusarium circinatum. | fusarium circinatum is thought to have been moved around the world with pine planting stock consisting, most probably, of infected seed. in this effort, we investigate the genetic structure of f. circinatum in spain and globally. in total, 223 isolates were studied from five regions in northern spain and eight countries. eight microsatellite markers revealed 66 multilocus genotypes (mlgs). minimum spanning network analysis of mlgs by region within spain as well as globally, discriminant analysis ... | 2013 | 23678883 |
| spatial and temporal dynamics of the colonization of pinus radiata by fusarium circinatum, of conidiophora development in the pith and of traumatic resin duct formation. | · fusarium circinatum causes pitch canker disease in a wide range of pine trees, including pinus radiata, with devastating economic consequences. · to assess the spatial and temporal dynamics of growth of this pathogen in radiata pine, we examined the process of infection using both real-time pcr to quantify fungal biomass inside the plant host, and confocal microscopy using a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged strain of f. circinatum. · pathogen growth exhibited three distinct phases: an in ... | 2013 | 23496340 |
| electrophysiological and behavioural responses of pityophthorus pubescens (coleoptera: scolytinae) to (e,e)-α-farnesene, (r)-(+)-limonene and (s)-(-)-verbenone in pinus radiata (pinaceae) stands in northern spain. | some twig beetles in the genus pityophthorus (coleoptera: scolytinae) may vector pitch canker disease fusarium circinatum (niremberg & o'donnell) of pinus spp. (pinaceae). because pityophthorus pubescens (marsh.) has been found to be associated with f. circinatum in the basque country (northern spain), various experiments were conducted to assess the beetle's behavioural responses to (e, e)-α-farnesene, (r)-(+)-limonene and (s)-(-)-verbenone to develop a potential inhibitor to host attraction. t ... | 2013 | 22764125 |