| prosthecobacter fusiformis nov. gen. et sp., the fusiform caulobacter. | four strains of heterotrophic, fusiform caulobacters have been isolated from freshwater sources. a single prostheca extends from one pole of mature cells, and cells attach to various substrata by means of a holdfast located at the distal tip of the appendage. thus, superficially these bacteria bear a strong resemblance to bacteria in the genus caulobacter. however, unlike caulobacter these bacteria do not exhibit a dimorphic life cycle of motile, non-stalked daughter cells and immotile, stalked ... | 1976 | 1086646 |
| phylogeny of prosthecobacter, the fusiform caulobacters: members of a recently discovered division of the bacteria. | prosthecobacter fusiformis is morphologically similar to caulobacters; however, it lacks a dimorphic life cycle. to determine the relatedness of the genus prosthecobacter to dimorphic caulobacters and other prosthecate members of the alpha subgroup of the proteobacteria (alpha-proteobacteria), we isolated and sequenced 16s rrna genes from four prosthecobacter strains. surprisingly, the results of phylogenetic analyses placed the fusiform caulobacters in a deeply rooted division of the bacteria t ... | 1996 | 8863424 |
| comparative phylogenetic analyses of members of the order planctomycetales and the division verrucomicrobia: 23s rrna gene sequence analysis supports the 16s rrna gene sequence-derived phylogeny. | almost complete 23s rrna gene sequences were obtained from 13 planctomycete strains, the fimbriated, prosthecate bacterium verrucomicrobium spinosum and two strains of the genus prosthecobacter. the 23s rrna genes were amplified by the pcr, using modified primers. the majority of the planctomycete strains investigated were shown to have 23s rrna genes that were not linked to the 16s rrna genes. amplification of the 5'-termini of these genes was achieved using a novel primer-design strategy. comp ... | 2000 | 11155969 |
| new degenerate cytophaga-flexibacter-bacteroides-specific 16s ribosomal dna-targeted oligonucleotide probes reveal high bacterial diversity in river taff epilithon. | river microbial communities play an important role in global nutrient cycles, and aggregated bacteria such as those in epilithic biofilms may be major contributors. in this study the bacterial diversity of river taff epilithon in south wales was investigated. a 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) clone library was constructed and analyzed by partial sequencing of 76 of 347 clones and hybridization with taxon-specific probes. the epilithon was found to be very diverse, with an estimated 59.6% of the bacteri ... | 2002 | 11772628 |
| eukaryotic signature proteins of prosthecobacter dejongeii and gemmata sp. wa-1 as revealed by in silico analysis. | the genomes of representatives of three bacterial phyla have been compared with the list of 347 eukaryotic signature proteins (esps) derived by hartman and fedorov [proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 99 (2002) 1420]. the species included prosthecobacter dejongeii of the verrucomicrobia phylum, gemmata sp. wa-1 of the planctomycetes phylum and caulobacter crescentus of the proteobacteria. the protist trypanosoma brucei was used as a eukaryotic control. p. dejongeii had unique ergo blast matches to alpha- ... | 2005 | 15667994 |
| high numbers of prosthecate bacteria in pulp mill waste aeration lagoons. | prosthecate bacteria comprised 0.6 to 10.5% of the bacterial community in samples from 11 pulp mill waste aeration lagoons. because of their distinct morphology, the genera ancalomicrobium, caulobacter, prosthecobacter, prosthecomicrobium, stella, and hyphomicrobium or hyphomonas could be identified and enumerated by direct microscopic examination. monthly samples from one lagoon showed that several genera varied from undetectable to predominant among the appendaged organisms. temperature (seaso ... | 1979 | 16345371 |
| complete genome sequence of the extremely acidophilic methanotroph isolate v4, methylacidiphilum infernorum, a representative of the bacterial phylum verrucomicrobia. | the phylum verrucomicrobia is a widespread but poorly characterized bacterial clade. although cultivation-independent approaches detect representatives of this phylum in a wide range of environments, including soils, seawater, hot springs and human gastrointestinal tract, only few have been isolated in pure culture. we have recently reported cultivation and initial characterization of an extremely acidophilic methanotrophic member of the verrucomicrobia, strain v4, isolated from the hell's gate ... | 2008 | 18593465 |
| prosthecobacter fluviatilis sp. nov., which lacks the bacterial tubulin btuba and btubb genes. | leptothrix cholodnii is a sheathed bacterium often found in metal-rich and oligotrophic aquatic environments. a bacterial strain that is able to degrade the naoh-treated sheath of l. cholodnii was isolated. the isolate was a gram-negative, aerobic and prosthecate bacterium. the optimum growth temperature and ph were 30 degrees c and ph 7.0, respectively. the dna g+c content was 62.9 mol%. the major respiratory quinone was mk-6. a phylogenetic analysis based on the 16s rrna gene indicated that th ... | 2008 | 18599695 |
| phylum verrucomicrobia representatives share a compartmentalized cell plan with members of bacterial phylum planctomycetes. | the phylum verrucomicrobia is a divergent phylum within domain bacteria including members of the microbial communities of soil and fresh and marine waters; recently extremely acidophilic members from hot springs have been found to oxidize methane. at least one genus, prosthecobacter, includes species with genes homologous to those encoding eukaryotic tubulins. a significant superphylum relationship of verrucomicrobia with members of phylum planctomycetes possessing a unique compartmentalized cel ... | 2009 | 19133117 |
| real-time pcr detection of holophagae (acidobacteria) and verrucomicrobia subdivision 1 groups in bulk and leek (allium porrum) rhizosphere soils. | in the light of the poor culturability of acidobacteria and verrucomicrobia species, group-specific real-time (qpcr) systems were developed based on the 16s rrna gene sequences from culturable representatives of both groups. the number of dna targets from three different groups, i.e. holophagae (acidobacteria group 8) and luteolibacter/prosthecobacter and unclassified verrucomicrobiaceae subdivision 1, was determined in dna extracts from different leek (allium porrum) rhizosphere soil compartmen ... | 2010 | 20801169 |
| verrucomicrobia div. nov., a new division of the bacteria containing three new species of prosthecobacter. | four strains of nonmotile, prosthecate bacteria were isolated in the 1970s and assigned to the genus prosthecobacter. these strains were compared genotypically by dna/dna reassociation and 16s rdna based phylogenetic analyses. genotypic comparisons were complemented with phenotypic characterizations. together, these studies clearly indicate each prosthecobacter strain represents a novel species of bacteria. we propose three new species of prosthecobacter, p. dejongeii strain fc1, p. vanneervenii ... | 1997 | 9296261 |
| 454 pyrosequencing reveals bacterial diversity of activated sludge from 14 sewage treatment plants. | activated sludge (as) contains highly complex microbial communities. in this study, pcr-based 454 pyrosequencing was applied to investigate the bacterial communities of as samples from 14 sewage treatment plants of asia (mainland china, hong kong, and singapore), and north america (canada and the united states). a total of 259 k effective sequences of 16s rrna gene v4 region were obtained from these as samples. these sequences revealed huge amount of operational taxonomic units (otus) in as, tha ... | 2011 | 22170428 |
| development of a 16s rrna-targeted probe set for verrucomicrobia and its application for fluorescence in situ hybridization in a humic lake. | members of the highly diverse bacterial phylum verrucomicrobia are globally distributed in various terrestrial and aquatic habitats. they are key players in soils, but little is known about their role in aquatic systems. here, we report on the design and evaluation of a 16s rrna-targeted probe set for the identification of verrucomicrobia and of clades within this phylum. subsequently, the probe set was applied to a study concerning the seasonal abundance of verrucomicrobia in waters of the humi ... | 2010 | 20226613 |
| btuba-btubb heterodimer is an essential intermediate in protofilament assembly. | btuba and btubb are two tubulin-like genes found in the bacterium prosthecobacter. our work and a previous crystal structure suggest that btubb corresponds to alpha-tubulin and btuba to beta-tubulin. a 1:1 mixture of the two proteins assembles into tubulin-like protofilaments, which further aggregate into pairs and bundles. the proteins also form a btuba/b heterodimer, which appears to be a repeating subunit in the protofilament. | 2009 | 19787042 |
| characterization and evolution of cell division and cell wall synthesis genes in the bacterial phyla verrucomicrobia, lentisphaerae, chlamydiae, and planctomycetes and phylogenetic comparison with rrna genes. | in the past, studies on the relationships of the bacterial phyla planctomycetes, chlamydiae, lentisphaerae, and verrucomicrobia using different phylogenetic markers have been controversial. investigations based on 16s rrna sequence analyses suggested a relationship of the four phyla, showing the branching order planctomycetes, chlamydiae, verrucomicrobia/lentisphaerae. phylogenetic analyses of 23s rrna genes in this study also support a monophyletic grouping and their branching order--this group ... | 2008 | 18310338 |
| characterization of bacterial operons consisting of two tubulins and a kinesin-like gene by the novel two-step gene walking method. | tubulins are still considered as typical proteins of eukaryotes. however, more recently they have been found in the unusual bacteria prosthecobacter (btubab). in this study, the genomic organization of the btub-genes and their genomic environment were characterized by using the newly developed two-step gene walking method. in all investigated prosthecobacters, btubab are organized in a typical bacterial operon. strikingly, all btub-operons comprise a third gene with similarities to kinesin light ... | 2007 | 17942428 |
| coexistence of tubulins and ftsz in different prosthecobacter species. | prosthecobacter, one of the few cultivable representatives of the bacterial phylum verrucomicrobia, is of increasing interest to the scientific community due to the presence of tubulin genes in its genome and the apparent absence of the bacterial homologue ftsz that is normally involved in prokaryotic cell division. these findings suggested the possibility of a vicarious takeover of the ftsz function through these novel tubulins and opened new scenarios on the possible evolution of bacterial cyt ... | 2007 | 17412703 |
| a canonical ftsz protein in verrucomicrobium spinosum, a member of the bacterial phylum verrucomicrobia that also includes tubulin-producing prosthecobacter species. | the origin and evolution of the homologous gtp-binding cytoskeletal proteins ftsz typical of bacteria and tubulin characteristic of eukaryotes is a major question in molecular evolutionary biology. both ftsz and tubulin are central to key cell biology processes--bacterial septation and cell division in the case of ftsz and in the case of tubulins the function of microtubules necessary for mitosis and other key cytoskeleton-dependent processes in eukaryotes. the origin of tubulin in particular is ... | 2007 | 17349062 |
| structural mechanisms underlying nucleotide-dependent self-assembly of tubulin and its relatives. | the alphabeta-tubulin dimer assembles into microtubules, essential polymers in all eukaryotic cells. microtubules are highly dynamic, a property that derives from tubulin's gtpase activity. both the bacterial homolog, ftsz, and the recently discovered bacterial tubulins from prosthecobacter self-assemble in a nucleotide-dependent manner into protofilaments similar to those that form the microtubule wall. a number of structural studies of alphabeta-tubulin, gamma-tubulin (the isoform involved in ... | 2006 | 16549346 |
| structure of bacterial tubulin btuba/b: evidence for horizontal gene transfer. | alphabeta-tubulin heterodimers, from which the microtubules of the cytoskeleton are built, have a complex chaperone-dependent folding pathway. they are thought to be unique to eukaryotes, whereas the homologue ftsz can be found in bacteria. the exceptions are btuba and btubb from prosthecobacter, which have higher sequence homology to eukaryotic tubulin than to ftsz. here we show that some of their properties are different from tubulin, such as weak dimerization and chaperone-independent folding ... | 2005 | 15967998 |
| in vitro assembly and gtp hydrolysis by bacterial tubulins btuba and btubb. | arecent study identified genuine tubulin proteins, btuba and btubb, in the bacterial genus prosthecobacter. we have expressed btuba and btubb in escherichia coli and studied their in vitro assembly. btubb by itself formed rings with an outer diameter of 35-36 nm in the presence of gtp or gdp. mixtures of btubb and btuba formed long protofilament bundles, 4-7 protofilaments wide (20-30 protofilaments in the three-dimensional bundle). regardless of the starting stoichiometry, the polymers always c ... | 2005 | 15851515 |
| genes for the cytoskeletal protein tubulin in the bacterial genus prosthecobacter. | tubulins, the protein constituents of the microtubule cytoskeleton, are present in all known eukaryotes but have never been found in the bacteria or archaea. here we report the presence of two tubulin-like genes [bacterial tubulin a (btuba) and bacterial tubulin b (btubb)] in bacteria of the genus prosthecobacter (division verrucomicrobia). in this study, we investigated the organization and expression of these genes and conducted a comparative analysis of the bacterial and eukaryotic protein se ... | 2002 | 12486237 |
| bacterial tubulin distinct loop sequences and primitive assembly properties support its origin from a eukaryotic tubulin ancestor. | the structure of the unique bacterial tubulin btuba/b from prosthecobacter is very similar to eukaryotic aß-tubulin but, strikingly, btuba/b fold without eukaryotic chaperones. our sequence comparisons indicate that btuba and btubb do not really correspond to either a- or ß-tubulin but have mosaic sequences with intertwining features from both. their nucleotide-binding loops are more conserved, and their more divergent sequences correspond to discrete surface zones of tubulin involved in microtu ... | 2011 | 21467045 |