| studies on alternaria allergens. i. isolation of allergens from alternaria tenuis and alternaria solani. | extracts of alternaria tenuis and alternaria solani were separated into dialyzable (molecular weight less than 10,000) and non-dialyzable forms. the latter was further fractionated by gel filtration through sephadex g-100 followed by ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose. the dialyzable material was fractionated by gel filtration through sephadex g-50. the allergenic activities of the fractions obtained from the a. tenuis extract was measured in vitro by the radioallergosorbent test assa ... | 1979 | 114493 |
| toxicity of phytophthora infestans and alternaria solani to chick embryos. | none of the extracts and culture filtrates from growth of 9 races of phytophthora infestans on living potato tissue and potato dextrose broth are toxic to chick embryos. chloroform extracts of 4 out of 10 isolates of alternaria solani grown on potato dextrose broth showed some toxicity to chick embryos. | 1978 | 564282 |
| teratogenic potential of blighted potato concentrate in rabbits, hamsters, and miniature swine. | freeze-dried preparations of potatoes infected with phytophthora infestans or alternaria solani were fed to pregnant hamsters, rabbits, and miniature swine. no evidence was observed that these diets or the extracts of respective blights were capable of producing teratologic effects in hamsters. lesions of neurulation and anencephaly were noticed in rabbits and swine, respectively. the need for further pharmacological and toxicological evaluation in sensitive species is emphasized. | 1978 | 694778 |
| estimation of the generation time and peripheral growth zone of aspergillus nidulans and alternaria solani hyphae from radial growth rates and ranges in apical cell length. | | 1976 | 792392 |
| chemical structures of main extracellular polysaccharides of alternaria solani and fusarium solani. studies on fungal polysaccharides. xviii. | | 1975 | 1237359 |
| isolation and characterization of a 25 kda antifungal protein from flax seeds. | we have purified a 25 kda protein from flax seeds to homogeneity by polyethyleneimine precipitation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, chitin extraction, mono s cation exchange and c18 reversed phase column chromatographies. the purified protein strongly inhibited the growth of the agronomically important pathogen alternaria solani, the causative agent of tomato early blight and in synergy with nikkomycin z strongly inhibited the human pathogen candida albicans. amino terminal sequence analysis of ... | 1992 | 1520338 |
| antifungal proteins from plants. purification, molecular cloning, and antifungal properties of chitinases from maize seed. | we have purified two 28-kda chitinases, designated chitinase a (chit a) and chitinase b (chit b), from maize seeds to homogeneity and isolated cdna clones encoding these two enzymes using an oligonucleotide probe based on an amino acid sequence of a peptide derived from chit a. although these two enzymes share 87% homology in their amino acid sequences, which were deduced from the nucleotide sequences of the isolated cdna clones, they are significantly different in their biochemical and in vitro ... | 1992 | 1551872 |
| isolation and characterization of a 22 kda protein with antifungal properties from maize seeds. | we have purified a 22 kda protein from maize seeds to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, chitin extraction and mono-s column chromatography. the purified protein inhibited the growth of the agronomically important pathogens of potato wilt (fusarium oxysporum) and tomato early blight (alternaria solani). sequence analysis of the purified protein showed that it has 52% homology with the sweet protein thaumatin (edens, l., hselinga, l., klok, r., ledeboer, a. m., maat, j., toonen, m. y. ... | 1992 | 1731773 |
| interactive effects of the fungicide chlorothalonil and the herbicide metribuzin towards the fungal pathogen alternaria solani. | | 1991 | 1932871 |
| [research of antifungal substances secreted by higher fungi in culture]. | a screening in vitro of antifungic activity of 24 strains of basidiomycetes was realized with their culture filtrate. lycoperdon perlatum pers. = pers., oudemansiella platyphylla (pers. ex fr.) mos., agrocybe dura (bolt) singer have shown an activity against candida albicans, candida tropicalis and aspergillus fumigatus; pholiota spumosa (fr.) singer towards botrytis cinerea and lycoperdon perlatum pers. = pers. towards alternaria solani, botrytis cinerea and verticillium dahliae. more extensive ... | 1990 | 2082797 |
| [antagonism in vitro among phytopathogenic and saprobic fungi from horticultural soils]. | two methods were tested in order to determine the existence of in vitro antagonism among saprobic and pathogenic fungi. these microorganisms were the most common isolates from horticultural soils of la plata (buenos aires). trichoderma harzianum; t. koningii and penicillium sp. were antagonistic to all the pathogenic fungi tested, fusarium solani; f. oxysporum; alternaria solani; colletotrichum sp. and sclerotium rolfsii spicaria sp., paecilomyces sp. and chaetomiun sp. were antagonistic only to ... | 1990 | 2287718 |
| effect of organic volatiles from saccharomyces on the spore germination of fungi. | common volatile organic compounds (acetaldehyde, ethylacetate, ethanol, n-propanol, isobutanol, 2-methyl-butanol, 3-methyl butanol) tested singly and in combination inhibited the spore (conidium) germination of helminthosporium oryzae, cercospora personata, cunnighamella blakesleeana, colletotrichum capsici, and alternaria solani. | 1987 | 3329438 |
| inducing sporulation in alternaria solani. ii. effect of light. | | 1974 | 4473710 |
| in vitro production of fungitoxic metabolite by alternaria solani. | | 1974 | 4475662 |
| inducing sporulation in alternaria solani. i. effect of water treatment. | | 1973 | 4735013 |
| assessment of losses due to early blight (alternaria solani) of potato. | | 1971 | 5102597 |
| isoprenoid phenol and quinone precursors of ubiguinones and dihydroubiguinones (ubiguinones (h 2 )) in fungi. | 1. ten moulds and two yeasts were analysed for the presence of 2-polyprenylphenols, 2-polyprenyl(h(2))phenols, 6-methoxy-2-polyprenylphenols, 6-methoxy-2-polyprenyl(h(2))phenols, 6-methoxy-2-polyprenyl-1,4-benzoquinones, 6-methoxy-2-polyprenyl(h(2))-1,4-benzoquinones, 5-demethoxyubiquinones, 5-demethoxyubiquinones(h(2)), ubiquinones and ubiquinones(h(2)). 2. the organisms were found to be of three types: (a) those that contained only ubiquinones (aspergillus fumigatus and penicillium brevi-compa ... | 1971 | 5166547 |
| effects of ozone on conidiophores and conidia of alternaria solani. | | 1968 | 5689768 |
| production of exocellular polysaccharides by alternaria solani. | | 1968 | 5693068 |
| the influence of nitrogen nutrition on growth and sporulation of alternaria solani (ell. & mart.) jones & grout. | | 1966 | 6009035 |
| inducing sporulation in different strains of alternaria solani. i. effect of visible light. | | 1967 | 6068038 |
| inducing sporulation in different strains of alternaria solani. ii. effect of ultraviolet light. | | 1967 | 6069317 |
| the subchronic toxicity and teratogenicity of alternariol monomethyl ether produced by alternaria solani. | alternariol monomethyl ether (ame), a metabolite of species of alternaria, was studied for subchronic toxicity to rats and teratogenic effects in golden hamsters. in rats no toxic effects were observed at the highest dosage tested (3.75 mg given by oral gavage daily for 30 days). however, ame was maternally toxic and foetotoxic to syrian golden hamsters when given ip at 200 mg/kg body weight on day 8 of gestation. no such effects were observed at dose levels of 50 or 100 mg/kg. | 1982 | 6891674 |
| characterization and expression of an antifungal zeamatin-like protein (zlp) gene from zea mays. | a cdna clone encoding a basic thaumatin-like protein of zea mays was recovered from a mid-development seed cdna library. the gene, zlp, encoded a protein that was nearly identical with maize zeamatin and alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor. expression of zlp mrna was highest in the endosperm tissue of seed 4 weeks after pollination. expression of zeamatin-like (zlp) protein correlated with mrna; also, a low basal level of zlp expression in leaf was not appreciably induced by abiotic stresses. zlp wa ... | 1994 | 7846159 |
| antimicrobial activities of streptomyces pulcher, s. canescens and s. citreofluorescens against fungal and bacterial pathogens of tomato in vitro. | thirty-seven actinomycete species isolated from fertile cultivated soils in egypt were screened for the production of antimicrobial compounds against a variety of test organisms. most of the isolates exhibited antimicrobial activities against gram-positive, gram-negative, and acid-fast bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi, with special attention to fungal and bacterial pathogens of tomato. on starch-nitrate agar, 14 strains were active against fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (the cause of ... | 1996 | 9131789 |
| polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (pgips) with different specificities are expressed in phaseolus vulgaris. | the pgip-1 gene of phaseolus vulgaris, encoding a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip), pgip-1 (p. toubart, a. desiderio, g. salvi, f. cervone, l. daroda, g. de lorenzo, c. bergmann, a. g. darvill, and p. albersheim, plant j. 2:367-373, 1992), was expressed under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter in tomato plants via agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. transgenic tomato plants with different expression levels of pgip-1 were used in infection experiments w ... | 1997 | 9304859 |
| sequential expression of two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase genes in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in potato (solanum tuberosum l.) leaves. | plants produce ethylene in response to many biotic and abiotic stresses. in response to ozone the foliage of potato plants sequentially expressed two acc synthase genes (st-acs4, st-acs5). the same expression pattern of the two genes also occurred in response to cu2+ and infection with alternaria solani. st-acs5 expression increases very rapidly reaching a maximum earlier than st-acs4 transcripts, after which st-acs5 expression declines. st-acs4 expression increases at a slower rate and reaches ... | 1997 | 9426590 |
| enzymatic activity and partial purification of solanapyrone synthase: first enzyme catalyzing diels-alder reaction. | in cell-free extracts of alternaria solani, an enzymatic activity converting prosolanapyrone ii to solanapyrones a and d via oxidation and subsequent diels-alder reaction has been found. chromatography with deae-sepharose provided two active fractions, pools 1 and 2. the former fraction converted prosolanapyrone ii to solanapyrones a and d in a ratio of 2.2:1 with optical purities of 99% and 45% ee, respectively. the latter fraction did so in a ratio of 7.6:1 with 99% and nearly 0% ee, respectiv ... | 1998 | 9659400 |
| characterization of two novel type i ribosome-inactivating proteins from the storage roots of the andean crop mirabilis expansa. | two novel type i ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) were found in the storage roots of mirabilis expansa, an underutilized andean root crop. the two rips, named me1 and me2, were purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation-exchange perfusion chromatography, and c4 reverse-phase chromatography. the two proteins were found to be similar in size (27 and 27.5 kd) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and their isoelectric points were determined to be ... | 1999 | 10198104 |
| inhibition of fungal and bacterial plant pathogens by synthetic peptides: in vitro growth inhibition, interaction between peptides and inhibition of disease progression. | four synthetic cationic peptides, pep6, pep7, pep11 and pep20, were tested alone and in combinations for their antimicrobial activities against economically important plant pathogenic fungi (phytophthora infestans and alternaria solani) and bacteria (erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and e. carotovora subsp. atroseptica). in in vitro studies, p. infestans and a. solani were inhibited by all four peptides, while e. carotovora subsp. carotovora and e. carotovora subsp. atroseptica were inhibite ... | 2000 | 10939256 |
| removal of herbicides from liquid media by fungi isolated from a contaminated soil. | fungi were isolated from soil samples corresponding to pesticide-contaminated soil (cs) and noncontaminated soil (ncs) in the annaba vicinity (algeria) and identified. the number of isolates obtained from cs and ncs were 263 and 288, respectively. the most frequent species (aspergillus fumigatus, a. niger, a. terreus, absidia corymbifera, and rhizopus microsporus var microsporus) were not sensitive to the pesticides. the growth of the genus trichoderma was inhibited by the pesticides, while gene ... | 2001 | 11285902 |
| microorganisms asssociated with withania somnifera leaves. | microorganisms including bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were recovered from the leaves of withania somnifera, which were collected from two altitudinal ranges (0-300 m and 1700-2000 m) in the asir region, saudi arabia. types and numbers of microorganisms varied according to the altitude and the month of collection. the number of microorganisms was higher on old leaves than that on young ones in most cases. low altitude exhibited more microorganisms than high altitude. the relationship between ... | 2001 | 11770847 |
| antimycotic activities of selected plant flora, growing wild in lebanon, against phytopathogenic fungi. | petroleum ether (pe) and methanolic extracts of nine wild plant species were tested in vitro for their antimycotic activity against eight phytopathogenic fungi. the efficacy of pe extracts against all pathogens tested was higher than that of methanolic extracts. wild marjoram (origanum syriacum) pe extract showed the highest and widest range of activity. it resulted in complete inhibition of mycelial growth of six of eight fungi tested and also gave nearly complete inhibition of spore germinatio ... | 2002 | 12009988 |
| in vitro evaluation on inhibitory nature of some neem formulations against plant pathogenic fungi. | different neem formulations derived from the neem tree (azadirachta indica) have been found to be potential fungicides against a broad spectrum of plant pathogenic fungi. some neem formulations viz. achook (0.15% ec), bioneem (0.03% ec), nimbecidine (0.03% ec) and neemark (0.03% ec) were examined against some plant pathogenic fungi such as (fusarium oxysporum, alternaria solani, curvularia lunata, helminthosporium sp. and sclerotium rolfsii). among these achook (0.15% ec) was found to be more ac ... | 1999 | 12024976 |
| efficacy of alkaloid (-)-corypalmine against spore germination of some fungi. | inhibition activity of the alkaloid (-)-corypalmine on spore germination of plant pathogenic and saprophytic fungi (alternaria solani, a brassicicola, a. brassicae, a. melongenae, curvularia pallescens, c. lunata, c. maculans, curvularisa sp., colletotrichum sp., helminthosporium speciferum, h. frumentacei, h. pennisetti, heterosporium sp., penicillum sp., ustilago cynodontis) was determined. spore germination of all the tested fungi was inhibited, heterosporium sp. and ustilago cynodontis being ... | 2002 | 12094740 |
| sensitivity of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens to the lytic peptides, msi-99, magainin ii, and cecropin b. | in vitro and leaf disk assays of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens were conducted using three cationic lytic peptides, msi-99, magainin ii (mii), and cecropin b (cb). growth of bacterial organisms was retarded or completely inhibited by low concentrations of these lytic peptides. the peptides also significantly reduced germination of fungal spores and growth of mycelia; however, higher concentrations of peptides were needed to inhibit fungal growth compared with those needed to inhibit bacter ... | 2002 | 12118886 |
| detection of alternaria fungal contamination in cereal grains by a polymerase chain reaction-based assay. | alternaria sp. are important fungal contaminants of grain products; they secrete four structural classes of compounds that are toxic or carcinogenic to plants and animals and cause considerable economic losses to growers and the food-processing industry. alternaria toxins have been detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and other techniques. here, we report the development of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based method for the detection o ... | 2002 | 12233854 |
| developmental and pathogen-induced activation of the arabidopsis acidic chitinase promoter. | expression of the arabidopsis acidic chitinase promoter was investigated during plant development and in response to inoculation with fungal pathogens. a chimeric gene composed of 1129 bp of 5[prime] upstream sequence from the acidic chitinase gene was fused to the [beta]-glucuronidase (gus) coding region and used to transform arabidopsis and tomato. promoter activity was monitored by histochemical and quantitative assays of gus activity. in healthy transgenic plants, the acidic chitinase promot ... | 1991 | 12324582 |
| enzymatic specificity of three ribosome-inactivating proteins against fungal ribosomes, and correlation with antifungal activity. | ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) are enzymes that cleave a specific adenine base from the highly conserved sarcin/ricin (s/r) loop of the large ribosomal rna, thus arresting protein synthesis at the translocation step. in the present study, we employed three rips to dissect the antifungal activity of rips as plant defense proteins. we measured the catalytic activity of rat (the catalytic a-chain of ricin from ricinus communis l.), saporin-s6 (from saponaria officinalis l.), and me (rip from ... | 2002 | 12447536 |
| identification of qtls for early blight ( alternaria solani) resistance in tomato using backcross populations of a lycopersicon esculentum x l. hirsutum cross. | most commercial cultivars of tomato, lycopersicon esculentum mill., are susceptible to early blight (eb), a devastating fungal ( alternaria solani sorauer) disease of tomato in the northern and eastern parts of the u.s. and elsewhere in the world. the disease causes plant defoliation, which reduces yield and fruit quality, and contributes to significant crop loss. sources of resistance have been identified within related wild species of tomato. the purpose of this study was to identify and valid ... | 2002 | 12582599 |
| induction of protection against the necrotrophic pathogens phytophthora citrophthora and alternaria solani in lycopersicon esculentum mill. by a novel synthetic glycoside combined with amines. | 1,2,3,4-tetra-o-acetyl-6-ethyladipate-beta- d-glucopyranose (toge), a glycoside derivative of adipic acid monoethyl ester and 1,2,3,4-tetra-o-acetyl-beta- d-glucopyranose, was synthesized and the resistance-inducing activity shown by toge-1 (toge plus furfurylamine) and toge-2 (toge plus 1,3-diaminepropane) was assayed. toge-1 and toge-2 protected tomato plants against two different fungal pathogens phytophthora citrophthora and alternaria solani. foliar treatments at very low concentrations (2. ... | 2003 | 12687360 |
| enhanced resistance to phytophthora infestans and alternaria solani in leaves and tubers, respectively, of potato plants with decreased activity of the plastidic atp/adp transporter. | recently, it has been reported that tubers of transgenic potato ( solanum tuberosum l.) plants with decreased activity of the plastidic atp/adp transporter (aatp1) contain less starch, despite having an increased glucose level [p. geigenberger et al. (2001) plant physiol 125:1667-1678]. the metabolic alterations correlated with enhanced resistance to the bacterium erwinia carotovora. here it is shown that transgenic potato tubers, possessing less starch yet increased glucose levels due to the ex ... | 2003 | 12721851 |
| a novel antimicrobial protein isolated from potato (solanum tuberosum) shares homology with an acid phosphatase. | the nucleotide and amino acids sequences for ap(1) will appear in the genbank(r) and ncbi databases under accession number ay297449. a novel antimicrobial protein (ap(1)) was purified from leaves of the potato ( solanum tuberosum, variety ms-42.3) with a procedure involving ammonium sulphate fractionation, molecular sieve chromatography with sephacryl s-200 and hydrophobic chromatography with butyl-sepharose using a fplc system. the inhibition spectrum investigation showed that ap(1) had good in ... | 2003 | 12927022 |
| expression of a magainin-type antimicrobial peptide gene (msi-99) in tomato enhances resistance to bacterial speck disease. | msi-99 is a synthetic analog of magainin ii (mii), a small cationic peptide highly inhibitory to a wide spectrum of microbial organisms. tomato plants were transformed to express a gene encoding the msi-99 peptide and tested for possible enhancement of resistance to important pathogens of this crop. thirty-six tomato transformants carrying an msi-99 expression vector designed to target the peptide into extracellular spaces were obtained by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. expre ... | 2004 | 13680135 |
| alternaric acid; a biologically active metabolic product of alternaria solani (ell. & mart.) jones & grout; its production, isolation and antifungal properties. | | 1951 | 14907999 |
| allelochemical potential of callicarpa acuminata. | the allelochemical potential of callicarpa acuminata (verbenaceae) was investigated by using a biodirected fractionation study as part of a long-term project to search for bioactive compounds among the rich biodiversity of plant communities in the ecological reserve el eden, quintana roo, mexico. aqueous leachate, chloroform-methanol extract, and chromatographic fractions of the leaves of c. acuminata inhibited the root growth of test plants (23-70%). some of these treatments caused a moderate i ... | 2003 | 14969362 |
| two new zinniol-related phytotoxins from alternaria solani. | bioassay-guided purification of the organic crude extract of alternaria solani resulted in the isolation of three metabolites responsible for causing necrosis on potato leaves. these phytotoxins were identified as 2-(2",3"-dimethyl-but-1-enyl)-zinniol (1), 8-zinniol methyl ether (2). and 8-zinniol methyl ether based on their spectroscopic data (ir, ms, 1h and 13cnmr). metabolites 1 and 2 have been identified as new phytotoxins structurally related to zinniol (4). additionally, 5-(3',3'-dimethyla ... | 2005 | 16010827 |
| enhanced resistance to early blight in transgenic tomato lines expressing heterologous plant defense genes. | genes coding for an iris ribosomal-inactivating protein (i-rip), a maize beta-glucanase (m-glu), and a mirabilis jalapa antimicrobial peptide (mj-amp1) were separately introduced into tomato (lycopersicon esculentum cv. sweet chelsea) cotyledons via agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. transgenic lines carrying each of the transgenes were confirmed for integration into the tomato genome using southern blot hybridization. transcription of i-rip, m-glu, and mj-amp1 genes in various t ... | 2005 | 16047198 |
| novel derivatives of chitosan and their antifungal activities in vitro. | three kinds of schiff bases of carboxymethyl chitosan (cmcts) were prepared, and their antifungal activities were assessed according to jasso de rodríguez's method. the results indicated that 2-(2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-6-carboxymethylchitosan (hncmcts) and 2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylideneamino)-6-carboxymethylchitosan (hccmcts) had better inhibitory effects than those of chitosan or cmcts against fusarium oxysporium f. sp. vasinfectum, alternaria solani, and valsa mali. | 2006 | 16343460 |
| an iterative type i polyketide synthase pksn catalyzes synthesis of the decaketide alternapyrone with regio-specific octa-methylation. | a biosynthetic gene cluster containing five genes, alt1-5, was cloned from alternaria solani, a causal fungus of early blight disease to tomato and potato. homology searching indicated that the alt1, 2, and 3 genes code for cytochrome p450s and the alt4 gene for a fad-dependent oxygenase/oxidase. the alt5 gene encodes a polyketide synthase (pks), named pksn, that was found to be an iterative type i complex reduced-type pks with a c-methyltransferase domain. to identify the pksn function, the alt ... | 2005 | 16356847 |
| rewiring mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade by positive feedback confers potato blight resistance. | late blight, caused by the notorious pathogen phytophthora infestans, is a devastating disease of potato (solanum tuberosum) and tomato (solanum lycopersicum), and during the 1840s caused the irish potato famine and over one million fatalities. currently, grown potato cultivars lack adequate blight tolerance. earlier cultivars bred for resistance used disease resistance genes that confer immunity only to some strains of the pathogen harboring corresponding avirulence gene. specific resistance ge ... | 2006 | 16407438 |
| reaction to phytotoxins in a potato population derived from mesophyll protoplasts. | alternaria solani, the causal agent of early blight disease in potato, produces two host-specific, lipidlike toxins in culture. both compounds are required in the leaf bioassay for the elicitation of typical early blight symptoms, but the compounds are individually inactive. the procedures for the preparation of both compounds are outlined. these compounds can be used effectively to select for toxin-insensitive and sensitive clones of a russet burbank potato cultivar that have been regenerated f ... | 1978 | 16592580 |
| arbuscular mycorrhiza reduces susceptibility of tomato to alternaria solani. | mycorrhiza frequently leads to the control of root pathogens, but appears to have the opposite effect on leaf pathogens. in this study, we studied mycorrhizal effects on the development of early blight in tomato (solanum lycopersicum) caused by the necrotrophic fungus alternaria solani. alternaria-induced necrosis and chlorosis of all leaves were studied in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants over time course and at different soil p levels. mycorrhizal tomato plants had significantly less a. ... | 2006 | 16614816 |
| expression of alternaria solani pksf generates a set of complex reduced-type polyketides with different carbon-lengths and cyclization. | | 2006 | 16642517 |
| effect of glucose and adenosine phosphates on production of extracellular carbohydrases of alternaria solani. | production of carbohydrases by alternaria solani is inhibited by glucose under low growth conditions. in an enriched medium, glucose has little effect on the production of polygalacturonase and cellulase while it still suppresses production of beta-glucosidase. low levels of all three enzymes were produced in the absence of their respective substrates. such regulation has been found with many organisms. however, far greater production of these carbohydrases occurred with additions of adenosine p ... | 1974 | 16658949 |
| cytochrome b gene structure and consequences for resistance to qo inhibitor fungicides in plant pathogens. | the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene structure was characterized for different agronomically important plant pathogens, such as puccinia recondita f sp tritici (erikss) co johnston, p graminis f sp tritici erikss and hennings, p striiformis f sp tritici erikss, p coronata f sp avenae p syd & syd, p hordei gh otth, p recondita f sp secalis roberge, p sorghi schwein, p horiana henn, uromyces appendiculatus (pers) unger, phakopsora pachyrhizi syd & p syd, hemileia vastatrix berk & broome, alternaria solan ... | 2006 | 16688790 |
| modification of primary and secondary metabolism of potato plants by nitrogen application differentially affects resistance to phytophthora infestans and alternaria solani. | potato plants ( solanum tuberosum l. cv. indira) were grown at two levels of n supply in the greenhouse. plants supplied with 0.8 g n per plant (high n variant) showed significantly increased biomass as compared to plants without additional n fertilisation (low n variant). c/n ratio was lower and protein content was higher in leaves of the high n variant. the concentration of chlorogenic acids and flavonols was significantly lower in leaves from the high n variant. whereas resistance to alternar ... | 2006 | 16821190 |
| qtl identification for early blight resistance (alternaria solani) in a solanum lycopersicum x s. arcanum cross. | alternaria solani (ellis and martin) sorauer, the causal agent of early blight (eb) disease, infects aerial parts of tomato at both seedling and adult plant stages. resistant cultivars would facilitate a sustainable eb management. eb resistance is a quantitatively expressed character, a fact that has hampered effective breeding. in order to identify and estimate the effect of genes conditioning resistance to eb, a quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping study was performed in f2 and f3 populations ... | 2007 | 17093974 |
| a novel antiproliferative and antifungal lectin from amaranthus viridis linn seeds. | a lectin from the seeds of amaranthus viridis linn has been purified by affinity chromatography on asialofetuin-linked amino activated silica. amaranthus viridis lectin (avl) has a native molecular mass of 67 kda. it is a homodimer composed of two 36.6 kda subunits. the lectin gave a single band in non-denaturing page at ph 4.5 and ph 8.3 and a single peak on hplc size exclusion and cation exchange columns. the purified lectin was specific for both t-antigen and n-acetyl-d-lactosamine, markers f ... | 2006 | 17100645 |
| exogenous systemin has a contrasting effect on disease resistance in mycorrhizal tomato (solanum lycopersicum) plants infected with necrotrophic or hemibiotrophic pathogens. | a study was performed to determine the effect of the systemin polypeptide on the bio-protective effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in tomato plants infected with alternaria solani, phytophthora infestans or p. parasitica. before infection, tomato plants were colonized with two different amf, glomus fasciculatum or g. clarum. in addition, a group of inoculated plants was treated with systemin, just after emergence. the exogenous application of systemin marginally suppressed the resistan ... | 2007 | 17356854 |
| culturable leaf-associated bacteria on tomato plants and their potential as biological control agents. | culturable leaf-associated bacteria inhabiting a plant have been considered as promising biological control agent (bca) candidates because they can survive on the plant. we investigated the relationship between bacterial groups of culturable leaf-associated bacteria on greenhouse- and field-grown tomato leaves and their antifungal activities against tomato diseases in vitro and in vivo. in addition, the isolated bacteria were analyzed for n-acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl) and indole-3-acetic acid ... | 2007 | 17356949 |
| variability among alternaria solani isolates associated with early blight of tomato. | variability among isolates of alternaria solani, the causal agent of early blight of tomato, from northern and southern parts of india was determined based on conidial morphology, pathogenicity tests and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) techniques. the isolates varied with respect to size of conidia and number of septa. the average size of conidia varied from 150-224.9 microm x 12.4-17.2 microm. the number of horizontal (4-14), vertical (0-3) and beak (0-8) septa also varied among the iso ... | 2006 | 17612350 |
| potato protoplasts in crop improvement. | clonal populations regenerated from single-leaf cell protoplasts of the potato cultivar ;russet burbank' display a high frequency of variation for several horticultural and disease resistance characters. observations over a period of three tuber generations suggest stable changes in tuber shape, yield, and maturity date, in photo-period requirements for flowering, and in plant morphology. enhanced resistance to early blight (alternaria solani) and late blight (phytophthora infestans) diseases al ... | 1980 | 17731550 |
| synthesis of acyl thiourea derivatives of chitosan and their antimicrobial activities in vitro. | three different acyl thiourea derivatives of chitosan (cs) were synthesized and their structures were characterized by ft-ir spectroscopy and elemental analysis. the antimicrobial behaviors of cs and its derivatives against four species of bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, and sarcina) and four crop-threatening pathogenic fungi (alternaria solani, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, colletotrichum gloeosporioides (penz.) saec, and phyllisticta zingiber ... | 2008 | 18083151 |
| alternaric acid, a biologically active metabolic product of the fungus alternaria solani. | | 1949 | 18229144 |
| naphthoquinone spiroketal with allelochemical activity from the newly discovered endophytic fungus edenia gomezpompae. | chemical investigation of the mycelium of edenia gomezpompae, a newly discovered endophytic fungus isolated from the leaves of callicarpa acuminata (verbenaceae) collected from the ecological reserve el eden, quintana roo, mexico, resulted in the isolation of four naphthoquinone spiroketals, including three new compounds and palmarumycin cp2 (4). we elucidated the structures of the metabolites by extensive nmr spectroscopy studies, including dept, cosy, noesy, hsqc, hmbc, and chiroptical methods ... | 2008 | 18234248 |
| purification and n-terminal amino acid sequence of solanapyrone synthase, a natural diels-alderase from alternaria solani. | the first natural diels-alderase, solanapyrone synthase, was purified 1,630-fold from a crude extract. the 41-kda protein on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was identified as truncated solanapyrone synthase, and its n-terminal amino acid sequence was found to be qetqnlnnflesnainp. | 2008 | 18256508 |
| introduction a potato cultivar "sprit" as relatively resistant to main fungal pathogens causal agents of early blight and wilting on potato in iran. | potato (solanum tubersum l.) is one of the most human food production cultured in iran especially zanjan province as a temperate region. some fungal pathogens caused severely infected on potato tubers or foliage in the majority grown areas and resulted yield losses in potato production. recent years from 2002 to 2004 infected samples were collected from different potato grown regions in zanjan province then cultured on pda after surface sterilization with sodium hypochlorite. isolated fungal pat ... | 2007 | 18396814 |
| biological control of phytopathogenic fungi by fatty acids. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of fatty acids against phytopathogenic fungi. two pot experiments were conducted by mixing palmitic and oleic acids in the soil in which poor plant growth was observed. in addition, the antifungal activities of nine fatty acids (butyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid) against four phytopathogenic fungi: alternaria solani, colletotrichum la ... | 2008 | 18443921 |
| isolation of two antifungal compounds fromneolitsea cuipala and their activity against some plant pathogenic fungi. | zeylanidine and zeylanicine isolated fromneolitsea cuipala fruit peels are found to be potential antifungal agents againsthelminthosporium oryzae, fusarium oxysporum, alternaria solani, curvularia varuciformis andcolletotrichum gleosporioides. | 1999 | 18461489 |
| antimicrobial activity of globulol isolated from the fruits of eucalyptus globulus labill. | an antimicrobial sesquiterpene was separated by bioassay-guided isolation from the petroleum ether fraction of the ethanol crude extract of eucalyptus globulus labill (myrtaceae) fruits, and was identified as globulol by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis. mycelial growth method revealed that the median effective inhibitory concentration (ic50) values of globulol on alternaria solani, fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niverum, f. graminearum, rhizoctonia solani and venturia pirina were ... | 2008 | 18569693 |
| first isolation of a novel thermostable antifungal peptide secreted by aspergillus clavatus. | a novel antifungal peptide produced by an indigenous fungal strain (vr) of aspergillus clavatus was purified. the antifungal peptide was enriched in the supernatant after heat treatment at 70 degrees c. the thermostable character was exploited in the first purification step, as purified peptide was obtained after ultrafiltration and reverse phase-hplc on c18 column application. the purified peptide named "acafp" for a. clavatus antifungal peptide, has molecular mass of 5773da determined by maldi ... | 2008 | 18687373 |
| a test of taxonomic predictivity: resistance to early blight in wild relatives of cultivated potato. | host plant resistance offers an attractive method of control for early blight (caused by the foliar fungus alternaria solani), a widespread disease that appears annually in potato crops worldwide. we tested the assumed ability of taxonomy to predict the presence of early blight resistance genes in wild solanum species for which resistance was observed in related species. we also tested associations to ploidy, crossing group, breeding system, and geography. as in a prior study of sclerotinia scle ... | 2008 | 18944292 |
| salicylic acid induces resistance to alternaria solani in hydroponically grown tomato. | abstract alternaria solani is the causal agent of early blight disease in tomato and is responsible for significant economic losses sustained by tomato producers each year. because salicylic acid (sa) is an important signal molecule that plays a critical role in plant defense against pathogen invasion, we investigated if the exogenous application of sa would activate systemic acquired resistance (sar) against a. solani in tomato leaves. the addition of 200 mum sa to the root system significantly ... | 1999 | 18944699 |
| a computer-controlled environmental chamber for the study of aerial fungal spore release. | abstract an environmental chamber was designed to study aerial release of spores of ascomycetes and hyphomycetes, based on a device developed by c. m. leach. relative humidity (rh), temperature, red (660 nm) and infrared (880 nm) light, leaf wetness, wind speed, vibration, and rain events are controlled and monitored within the chamber via an rtc-hc11 real-time controller and data-acquisition system. a basic11 computer program is uploaded to and controls the system. the program requests values f ... | 1997 | 18945044 |
| bactericidal and fungicidal activities of calia secundiflora (ort.) yakovlev. | calia secundiflora (ortega) yakovlev (fabaceae) is considered a medicinal plant in mexico but has scarcely been used because of the toxicity of its quinolizidine alkaloids. several quinolizidine alkaloids have shown bactericidal, nematicidal, and fungicidal activities. the purpose of this study was to identify the alkaloids in the seeds and evaluate the activity of the organic extract on several phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. an in vitro bioassay was conducted with species of the following ... | 2008 | 19040102 |
| chemical composition and antifungal activity of volatiles from three opuntia species growing in tunisia. | the chemical composition of the volatiles isolated by steam distillation from leaves, flowers and fruits of opuntia lindheimeri var. linguiformis l. benson, leaves and flowers of opuntia macrorhiza engelm and leaves of opuntia microdasys (lehmann) gathered in the sea cliff of monastir town (tunisia), has been studied by gc and gc-ms. remarkable differences were noted between the composition and the constituent percentage of the different studied organs. the most important compounds found in leav ... | 2007 | 19070119 |
| a new 24-membered lactone and a new polyene delta-lactone from the marine bacterium bacillus marinus. | a new 24-membered macrolide macrolactin t (1), and a new polyene delta-lactone macrolactin u (2), along with macrolactins a, b, d, o, and s, were isolated from the cultured broth of the bacterium bacillus marinus, which was isolated from suaeda salsa collected in the coastline of bohai sea of china. the structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data analyses. the inhibitory activity of macrolactins t, b and d against fungi pyricularia oryzae and alternaria sol ... | 2008 | 19168981 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 1-benzhydryl-sulfonyl-4-(3-(piperidin-4-yl) propyl)piperidine derivatives against pathogens of lycopersicon esculentum: a structure-activity evaluation study. | several 1-benzhydryl-sulfonyl-4-(3-(piperidin-4-yl)propyl)piperidine derivatives 8(a-j) were prepared by the treatment of substituted benzhydryl chlorides with 4-(3-(piperidin-4-yl)propyl)piperidine followed by n-sulfonation with sulfonyl chlorides in the presence of dry methylene dichloride and triethyl amine. the synthesized compounds were characterized by (1)h-nmr, ir, and elemental analysis. all the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their efficacy as antimicrobial agents by a ... | 2009 | 19183874 |
| plant pathogen population dynamics in potato fields. | modern technologies incorporating geographic information systems (gis), global positioning systems (gps), remote sensing, and geostatistics provide unique opportunities to advance ecological understanding of pests across a landscape. increased knowledge of the population dynamics of plant pathogens will promote management strategies, such as site-specific management, and cultural practices minimizing the introduction and impact of plant pathogens. the population dynamics of alternaria solani, ve ... | 2002 | 19265932 |
| inhibitory activity of indian spice plant cinnamomum zeylanicum extracts against alternaria solani and curvularia lunata, the pathogenic dematiaceous moulds. | dematiaceous moulds are pathogenic microorganisms and act as etiological agents of mycoses with different degrees of severity in humans and animals. these moulds also cause loss of food crops and storage food products. the information regarding antimicrobial efficacy of the plant preparations on these moulds is scanty. the present study reveals phytochemical characterization and the effect of bark and leaf extracts of indian spice plant, cinnamomum zeylanicum (cz), against the growth of two spec ... | 2009 | 19267932 |
| molecular diversity and evolutionary processes of alternaria solani in brazil inferred using genealogical and coalescent approaches. | alternaria spp. form a heterogeneous group of saprophytic and plant-pathogenic fungi widespread in temperate and tropical regions. however, the relationship between evolutionary processes and genetic diversity with epidemics is unknown for several plant-pathogenic alternaria spp. the interaction of alternaria solani populations with potato and tomato plants is an interesting case study for addressing questions related to molecular evolution of an asexual fungus. gene genealogies based on the coa ... | 2009 | 19453237 |
| antifungal activity of alkaloids from the seeds of chimonanthus praecox. | two alkaloids, d-calycanthine (1) and l-folicanthine (2), were isolated from the active meoh extract of the seeds of chimonanthus praecox link. the structures of the two compounds were established by (1)h- and (13)c-nmr, and ms (fab, esi) analyses. in the in vitro tests, compounds 1 and 2 showed significant inhibitory activities against five plant pathogenic fungi exserohilum turcicum, bipolaris maydis, alternaria solani, sclerotinia sderotiorum, and fusarium oxysportium, among which b. maydis w ... | 2009 | 19551726 |
| design, synthesis, and fungicidal activity of novel analogues of pyrrolnitrin. | a series of novel analogues of pyrrolnitrin containing a thiophene moiety were designed and synthesized by a facile method, and their structures were characterized by (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) and high-resolution mass spectrometry. the isomers iv-h and v-h were isolated, and their structures were identified by 2d nmr, including heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence (hmqc), heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (hmbc), and nuclear overhauser effect spectrometry (noesy) spectra. t ... | 2009 | 19681615 |
| selective speciation and determination of inorganic arsenic in water, food and biological samples. | a procedure for the speciation of arsenic(iii) and arsenic(v) in natural water samples has been established in the presented work. arsenic(iii) ions were quantitatively recovered on alternaria solani coated diaion hp-2mg resin at ph 7, while the recoveries of arsenic(v) was below 10%. arsenic(v) in the mixing solution containing as(iii) and as(v) was reduced by using ki and l(+) ascorbic acid solution, then the procedure was applied to determination of total arsenic. arsenic(v) was calculated as ... | 2010 | 19766692 |
| endophytic bacteria from ocimum sanctum and their yield enhancing capabilities. | endophytes are beneficial microbes that reside intercellularly inside the plants. interaction of endophytes with the host plants and their function within their host are important to address ecological relevance of endophyte. four endophytic bacteria os-9, os-10, os-11, and os-12 were isolated from healthy leaves of ocimum sanctum. these isolated microbes were screened in dual culture against various phytopathogenic fungi viz. rhizoctonia solani, sclerotium rolfsii, fusarium solani, alternaria s ... | 2010 | 19826860 |
| molecular mechanisms of generation for nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, and role of the radical burst in plant immunity. | rapid production of nitric oxide (no) and reactive oxygen species (ros) has been implicated in the regulation of innate immunity in plants. a potato calcium-dependent protein kinase (stcdpk5) activates an nadph oxidase strboha to d by direct phosphorylation of n-terminal regions, and heterologous expression of stcdpk5 and strbohs in nicotiana benthamiana results in oxidative burst. the transgenic potato plants that carry a constitutively active stcdpk5 driven by a pathogen-inducible promoter of ... | 2009 | 19830396 |
| implementation of bio-fungicides and seed treatment in organic rice cv. kdml 105 farming. | this study was aimed to evaluate the several chemical compounds of relatively composite structure with antifungal activity from thai local medical plants. the antifungal activity of stemona curtisii hk. f., stemona tuberose l., acorus calamus l., eugenia caryophyllus, memmea siamensis kost. and an eugenol active compound were studied in vitro. four pathogenic seed borne fungi, alternaria solani, colletotrichum sp., fusarium moniliforme and rhizoctonia solani were used as target organisms. the ag ... | 2009 | 19899322 |
| effect of neem (azardirachta indica a. juss) seeds and leaves extract on some plant pathogenic fungi. | in this study plant pathogenic fungi alternaria solani, fusarium oxysporum, rhizoctonia solani and sclerotinia sclerotiorum were chosen to study the effect of ethanolic, hexane and methanolic extracts of neem seeds and leaves. antifungal effects of neem leave and seed extracts obtained by ethanol, hexane and ptrolium ether were examined separately in vitro against fusarium oxysporum, rhizoctonia solani, alternaria solani and sclerotinia sclerotiorum. results indicated that seeds and leaves extra ... | 2009 | 19947185 |
| synthesis, crystal structure, and biological activity of 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-containing 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles. | heterocyclic compounds play an important role as the main sources of lead molecules of agrochemicals. synthesis and biological activity of thiadiazole-containing 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]-thiadiazoles were seldom reported. to find novel lead compounds with various biological activities, a series of 6-substituted-3-(4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazolyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadizoles were rationally designed and synthesized according to the principle of combinations of bioactive substructures ... | 2010 | 20014761 |
| synthesis and biological activity of organotin 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxylates and benzo[1,2,3]thiadiazole-7-carboxylates. | a series of organotin 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxylates and benzo[1,2,3]thiadiazole-7-carboxylates have been synthesized and characterized by nmr ((1)h, (13)c, and (119)sn), ir, and elemental analyses. the structure of the dimeric complex {[(bthco(2))snet(2)](2)o}(2) (bth represents benzo[1,2,3]thiadiazol-7-yl) has been further confirmed by x-ray diffraction crystallography. assessment for fungicidal activity indicates that all of the newly synthesized compounds exhibit good growth inhib ... | 2010 | 20014765 |
| [antifungal mechanism of bacillus marinus b-9987]. | we studied the antifungal effect of the metabolite bmme-1 from bacillus marinus b-9987, to reveal its antifungal mechanism. | 2009 | 20112679 |
| synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel aminophenazine-1-carboxylate derivatives. | a series of novel 6-aminophenazine-1-, 7-aminophenazine-1- and 8-aminophenazine-1-carboxylate derivatives were synthesized by a facile method, and their structures were characterized by (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr and high-resolution mass spectrometry. some unexpected byproducts v-7b-v-8d were noticed and isolated, and their structures were identified by 2d nmr spectra including heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence (hmqc), heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (hmbc) and h-h correlation spectromet ... | 2010 | 20166721 |
| functional analysis of fungal polyketide biosynthesis genes. | fungal polyketides have huge structural diversity from simple aromatics to highly modified complex reduced-type compounds. despite such diversty, single modular iterative type i polyketide synthases (ipkss) are responsible for their carbon skeleton construction. using heterologous expression systems, we have studied on atx, a 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase from aspergillus terreus as a model ipks. in addition, ipks functions involved in fungal spore pigment biosynthesis were analyzed together w ... | 2010 | 20203700 |
| biochemical evaluation of resistance responses of potato to different isolates of alternaria solani. | the resistance phenotypes of nine potato cultivars to five isolates of alternaria solani, causal agent of early blight, were studied after inoculation and growth under greenhouse conditions. we identified potato cultivars with both susceptible and resistant phenotypes as well as a. solani isolates with varying degrees of aggressiveness. two potato cultivars and two pathogen isolates were selected for biochemical analysis of phenol production and peroxidase activity after inoculation. phenol comp ... | 2010 | 20373966 |
| solanapyrone synthase, a possible diels-alderase and iterative type i polyketide synthase encoded in a biosynthetic gene cluster from alternaria solani. | the solanapyrone biosynthetic gene cluster was cloned from alternaria solani. it consists of six genes-sol1-6-coding for a polyketide synthase, an o-methyltransferase, a dehydrogenase, a transcription factor, a flavin-dependent oxidase, and cytochrome p450. the prosolanapyrone synthase (pss) encoded by sol1 was expressed in aspergillus oryzae and its product was identified as desmethylprosolanapyrone i (8). although pss is closely related to the pkss/diels-alderases lovb and mlca of lovastatin a ... | 2010 | 20486243 |
| effects of meteorological factors on the levels of alternaria spores on a potato crop. | alternaria solani soraeur produces early blight in solanum tuberosum l., leading to significant agricultural losses. the current study was carried out on the extensive potato crop situated in north-western of spain during 2007, 2008 and 2009. in this area potato crops are the most important source of income. in this work we used a hirst-type volumetric spore-trap for the aerobiological monitoring of alternaria spores. the highest spore concentrations were recorded during the 2009 cycle (10,555 s ... | 2011 | 20549521 |
| stable integration and expression of wasabi defensin gene in "egusi" melon (colocynthis citrullus l.) confers resistance to fusarium wilt and alternaria leaf spot. | production of "egusi" melon (colocynthis citrullus l.) in west africa is limited by fungal diseases, such as alternaria leaf spot and fusarium wilt. in order to engineer "egusi" resistant to these diseases, cotyledonary explants of two "egusi" genotypes, 'ejagham' and nhc1-130, were transformed with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha101 harbouring wasabi defensin gene (isolated from wasabia japonica l.) in a binary vector pekh1. after co-cultivation for 3 days, infected explants were transferr ... | 2010 | 20552202 |
| allelochemical effects of volatile compounds and organic extracts from muscodor yucatanensis, a tropical endophytic fungus from bursera simaruba. | muscodor yucatanensis, an endophytic fungus, was isolated from the leaves of bursera simaruba (burseraceae) in a dry, semideciduous tropical forest in the ecological reserve el eden, quintana roo, mexico. we tested the mixture of volatile organic compounds (vocs) produced by m. yucatanensis for allelochemical effects against other endophytic fungi, phytopathogenic fungi and fungoids, and plants. vocs were lethal to guignardia mangifera, colletotrichum sp., phomopsis sp., alternaria solani, rhizo ... | 2010 | 20809145 |
| interplant communication of tomato plants through underground common mycorrhizal networks. | plants can defend themselves to pathogen and herbivore attack by responding to chemical signals that are emitted by attacked plants. it is well established that such signals can be transferred through the air. in theory, plants can also communicate with each other through underground common mycorrhizal networks (cmns) that interconnect roots of multiple plants. however, until now research focused on plant-to-plant carbon nutrient movement and there is no evidence that defense signals can be exch ... | 2010 | 20967206 |