| experimental transmission of sarcocystis muriviperae n. sp. to laboratory mice by sporocysts from the palestinian viper (vipera palaestinae): a light and electron microscope study. | sporocysts collected from the feces of a palestinian viper (vipera palaestinae) were administered orally to species of various rodent genera such as mus, microtus, mastomys, meriones and oryctolagus. infections developed only in laboratory mice (mus musculus). this investigation established the life cycle of sarcocystis muriviperae in the laboratory. s. muriviperae is described as a new species, based on light and electron microscopic observations and repeated transmission studies. naturally and ... | 1987 | 3101062 |
| the bov-b lines found in vipera ammodytes toxic pla2 genes are widespread in snake genomes. | in the fourth intron of two toxic vipera ammodytes pla2 genes a ruminantia specific 5'-truncated bov-b line element was identified. southern blot analysis of bov-b line distribution in vertebrates shows that, apart from the ruminantia, it is limited to viperidae snakes (v. ammodytes, vipera palaestinae, echis coloratus, bothrops alternatus, trimeresurus flavoviridis and trimeresurus gramineus). the copy number of the 3' end of bov-b line in the v. ammodytes genome is between 62,000 and 75,000. a ... | 1998 | 9792174 |
| bov-b long interspersed repeated dna (line) sequences are present in vipera ammodytes phospholipase a2 genes and in genomes of viperidae snakes. | ammodytin l is a myotoxic ser49 phospholipase a2 (pla2) homologue, which is tissue-specifically expressed in the venom glands of vipera ammodytes. the complete dna sequence of the gene and its 5' and 3' flanking regions has been determined. the gene consists of five exons separated by four introns. comparative analysis of the ammodytin l and ammodytoxin c genes shows that all intron and flanking sequences are considerably more conserved (93-97%) than the mature protein-coding exons. the pattern ... | 1997 | 9219538 |
| accumulation of some secretory enzymes in venom glands of vipera palaestinae. | secretion of venom in the venom glands of vipera palaestinae was studied by measuring the protein content and enzymatic activities of l-amino acid oxidase (lao), phosphodiesterase (pde), and benzoylarginine ethyl esterase (baee). these were tested in the accumulating venom and gland homogenates at 0, 2, 3, 4,6, and 15 days after an intitial emptying of the venom glands by milking. changes in the total activities of the enzymes and in the protein concentration were found in the venom samples, but ... | 1996 | 174447 |
| haemostatic abnormalities and clinical findings in vipera palaestinae-envenomed dogs. | the venomous viper vipera palaestinae (vp) is responsible for most envenomations in humans and animals in israel. its venom contains proteases, haemorrhagins, l-amino acid oxidase and phospholipase a2 but its effects on haemostasis have yet to be characterised. this prospective study aimed to characterise haemostatic abnormalities in vp-envenomed dogs from presentation to discharge or death, and their association with mortality. samples from 39 vp-envenomed dogs were collected periodically and e ... | 2010 | 19560952 |
| "cardiac arrhythmias and serum cardiac troponins in vipera palaestinae envenomations in dogs". | | 2008 | 18647151 |
| unusual local complications of vipera palaestinae bite. | vipera palaestinae is the commonest venomous snake in israel. v. palaestinae-specific antivenom is indicated for both systemic effects and marked progressive local signs. in our experience, clinicians are often not aware of the morbidity associated with the local effect of the venom and consequently do not administer the antivenom in envenomations with local effects only. | 2003 | 12676442 |
| evolutionary relationships among the true vipers (reptilia: viperidae) inferred from mitochondrial dna sequences. | nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b and 16s rrna genes, totaling 946 bp, were used to reconstruct a molecular phylogeny of 42 species of the subfamily viperinae representing 12 of the 13 recognized genera. maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood were used as methods for phylogeny reconstruction with and without a posteriori weighting. when representatives of the causinae were taken as outgroup, five major monophyletic groups were consistently identified: bitis, cerastes, echis, t ... | 2001 | 11286494 |
| vipera palaestinae antivenin. | a review is presented of the methods developed to raise the neutralizing capacity of anti-vipera palaestinae (vp) venom. these include formaldehyde detoxification of the venom, immunization with carboxymethyl-cellulose-bound neurotoxin, and enzymatic fragmentation of the neutralizing antibody. | 1998 | 10444960 |
| positive darwinian selection in vipera palaestinae phospholipase a2 genes is unexpectedly limited to the third exon. | the venom of vipera palaestinae contains a two-component toxin, consisting of an acidic phospholipase a2 (pla2) and a basic protein. here we report the cloning and sequence analysis of the complete v. palaestinae pla2 genes. since in all viperidae pla2 multigene families the 5' and 3' flanking regions are highly conserved, we designed oligonucleotide primers that allow amplification of the whole pla2 multigene family in a single step. the structural organization of both genes is the same as in t ... | 1998 | 9792822 |
| cardiac arrhythmias and serum cardiac troponins in vipera palaestinae envenomation in dogs. | vipera palaestinae is responsible for most poisonous envenomations in people and animals in israel. cardiac arrhythmias were reported in a retrospective study of v. palaestinae envenomations in dogs. | 2008 | 18289296 |
| fatal vipera xanthina palestinae envenomation in 16 dogs. | sixteen fatal dog envenomations by the snake vipera palaestinae over a 14-y period are described. most envenomations occurred during the late night hours in the warm months, and 8/16 dogs were bitten on the limbs. the most frequent clinical signs upon admission were soft tissue swelling and edema, local pain, depression, bleeding, lameness, dyspnea, and 6 dogs were in shock. thrombocytopenia was present in 14/16 cases and increased hematocrit (13/16) and hemoglobin (9/16) concentration were the ... | 2004 | 15487652 |
| evaluation of antivenom therapy in vipera palaestinae bites. | vipera palaestinae antivenom has been successfully used to treat systemic and progressive local manifestations inflicted by this snake. the clinical course of several envenomations created the impression that the recommended fixed dose regimen of antivenom (50 ml) may not always be sufficient. | 2004 | 15225562 |
| vipera palaestinae envenomation in 327 dogs: a retrospective cohort study and analysis of risk factors for mortality. | vipera palaestinae (vp), formerly a subspecies of the near east viper vipera xanthina, is the most common poisonous snake in israel and neighbouring countries (jordan, lebanon and syria), and is responsible for most envenomations in humans and domestic animals. hospital records were retrospectively reviewed for confirmed cases of vp envenomations in dogs over a 13-year period and 327 cases were included in the study. most envenomations occurred between may and october, and between 02:00 and 10:0 ... | 2004 | 15109890 |
| snakebite poisoning in children--a call for unified clinical guidelines. | in israel, there are no uniform guidelines for the treatment policy of children snake-bitten by the vipera palaestinae, the most abundant venomous snake in the country. we conducted a retrospective study aiming to compare treatment policies in two different medical centers. we found significant differences regarding admission and steroid administration criteria. although the differences between the centers regarding anti-venom administration did not reach statistical significance, there were sub ... | 2001 | 11587463 |
| sarcocystis infections among snakes in israel. | natural infection with sarcocystis has been recovered from 11 species of snakes from israel and the adjacent territories (cisjordan), infection was most abundant in subadults. sporocyst dimensions obtained from the different snakes overlapped in size, but even in a same host species formed distinct size cohorts clustering either around 8.5 x 6.5 microns and 11.0 x 8.5 microns or around 11.0 x 8.5 microns and 12 x 10 microns. sporocyst-size distribution was, however, altered following cross infec ... | 1998 | 10645557 |
| suspected vipera palaestinae envenomation in three cats. | | 1999 | 10592956 |
| venomous snakes of israel: ecology and snakebite. | ten species of venomous snakes belonging to three families occur in israel and in jordan, some of which may pose a serious threat to humans. specific, local antivenins are available against only two of the species, while against others regional or european preparations are used. it is suggested that in addition to the monospecific anti-vipera palaestinae, a polyspecific antivenin be prepared against the clinically most important venomous snakes of the region, namely, echis coloratus, pseudoceras ... | 1998 | 10444959 |
| suspected vipera palaestinae envenomation in three cats. | vipera palaestinae is the only venomous snake in israel whose envenomation is clinically significant. it is found in most of the populated areas of the country. the venom of vipera palaestinae has hemorrhagic and neurotoxic activity. viper snake envenomation always demonstrates local effects with or without systemic effects. cats are considered more resistant to snake bites than other animals. although several case reports of snakebites in cats have been published, this is the first report which ... | 1999 | 10349702 |
| isolation and characterization of three hemorrhagic factors from the venom of vipera palaestinae. | | 1978 | 694949 |
| vipera palaestinae snake envenomations: experience in children. | in israel, vipera palaestinae (v. palaestinae) is the most common venomous snake, accounting for 100-300 reported cases of envenomation every year. however, v. palaestinae snakebites in children have not been extensively investigated. the demographic features, treatment and outcome of v. palaestinae envenomation in 37 children treated in two medical centers over a 9 year period were retrospectively reviewed. the victims age ranged from 2-18 years with a mean age of 8.9 years. twenty-nine childre ... | 1997 | 9426372 |
| decreased serum cholesterol level after snake bite (vipera palaestinae) as a marker of severity of envenomation. | in 44 patients bitten by snakes (vipera palaestinae), admission serum cholesterol levels were negatively correlated with severity of envenomation (mean +/- sd, 175 +/- 49, 137 +/- 36, and 96 +/- 40 mg/dl, respectively, in cases with mild, moderate, and severe clinical manifestations [p < 0.0001]). concomitant decreases in serum albumin were not significant. these findings were supported by experimental results in rabbits, in which low, medium, and high doses of purified v. palaestinae venom (all ... | 1993 | 8505588 |
| myocarditis following envenoming with vipera palaestinae in two horses. | cardiac disease developed several days to weeks after resolution of local inflammation caused by envenoming by vipera palaestinae in two horses. in one horse (case a), referred to the hospital for recurrent abdominal pain 8 days after envenoming, a tachyarrhythmia was detected; ventricular premature depolarizations were diagnosed by ecg. a second horse (case b) was found dead without premonitory signs 60 days after envenoming. in both horses, there was extensive necrosis of cardiac ventricular t ... | 1993 | 8146876 |
| studies on ribonucleic acid synthesis in the venom glands of vipera palaestinae (ophidia, reptilia). | rna metabolism in the venom glands of vipera palaestinae was studied at different stages after manual extraction of the venom (milking). the rate of (32)p incorporation into gland rna was found to be maximal at 1-4 days after milking in correlation with the height of the secretory epithelium. venom production attained a maximum only after 8-16 days, in parallel with the accumulation of stable species of cellular rna. | 1971 | 4940047 |
| the quantities of venom injected into prey of different size by vipera palaestinae in a single bite. | | 1974 | 4822550 |
| [on the anatomy of the venom apparatus in snakes and venom secretion by vipera palaestinae]. | | 1962 | 14034056 |
| a quantitative study of venom secretion by vipera palaestinae. | | 1960 | 14410352 |
| natural anti-snake venom proteins. | the resistance of several animals to snake venom has been reviewed. some general concepts are introduced to allow the comparative evaluation of the resistance of different animals studied by different investigators. the purification and properties of several factors isolated from the serum of different animals by some researchers are described: trimeresurus flavoviridis (omori-satoh et al., 1972); vipera palaestinae (ovadia et al., 1975, 1977); sigmodon hispidus (pichyangkul and perez, 1981); di ... | 1991 | 1801313 |
| exposure of human red blood cell membrane phospholipids to snake venom phospholipases a--i. hydrolysis of substrates by vipera palaestinae phospholipase from within resealed red cells. | | 1978 | 635929 |
| identification of α2β1 integrin inhibitor vp-i with anti-platelet properties in the venom of vipera palaestinae. | integrins are receptors of the extracellular matrix (ecm), playing a vital role in pathophysiological processes. they bind to ecm ligands like collagens and can mediate wound healing as well as tumor metastasis and thrombosis, thus being a part of cell adhesion and migration as well as platelet aggregation. for this reason, identifying α2β1 integrin-specific antagonists can assist in the development of drugs to treat tumor progression, angiogenesis, and cardiovascular diseases. snake venoms have ... | 2013 | 23319078 |
| a retrospective evaluation of vipera palaestinae envenomation in 18 cats: (2006-2011). | to describe the clinical signs, clinicopathologic abnormalities, treatment, complications and outcome, and to identify risk factors for death in cats envenomed by vipera palaestinae (vp). | 2014 | 25154358 |
| evaluation of antivenom therapy for vipera palaestinae bites in children: experience of two large, tertiary care pediatric hospitals. | antivenom has been successfully used to treat systemic and progressive, local manifestations of envenomation inflicted by vipera (v.) palaestinae, the most common venomous snake in israel. the objective of this study was to evaluate the fixed dose v. palaestinae monovalent (equine) immunoglobulin g antivenom used in two pediatric emergency departments. in particular, we wanted to assess the need for repeated antivenom administration and the rate of adverse antivenom effects in children. | 2017 | 28103732 |
| pediatric poisonings in israel: national poison center data. | poisonings are a significant cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. the israel poison information center provides clinical consultations on poisonings and drug information 24 hours a day. | 2010 | 21287800 |
| vipera palaestinae bite and serum sickness during pregnancy. | vipera palaestinae is the most common venomous snake in israel. we report a case of v. palaestinae bite and antivenom-induced serum sickness during pregnancy and discuss the unique considerations relevant to the treatment of a pregnant woman envenomated by a snake. | 2010 | 19327939 |
| vipera palaestinae envenomation-induced bradycardia. | | 2004 | 15172031 |
| preliminary evaluation of vipera palaestinae snake bite treatment in accordance to the severity of the clinical syndrome. | the intravenous administration of a 60 ml dose of vipera palaestinae antivenin was the suggested standard treatment of every bitten patient. in this study 85 vipera palaestinae bitten patients where selectively treated with antivenin depending on the severity of the clinical picture. patients who developed systemic or severe local signs received 20 ml of antivenin over 30 min. if symptoms were still present, an additional 10 ml of antivenin was given until systemic signs subsided. repeated doses ... | 1998 | 9663693 |
| protein and cdna structures of an acidic phospholipase a2, the enzymatic part of an unusual, two-component toxin from vipera palaestinae. | in the venom of vipera palaestinae an unusual, two-component toxin was found. the two components of the toxin are an acidic phospholipase a2 (vpapla2) and a basic protein, both with an apparent molecular mass of about 15 kda. each component alone is not toxic; however, their mixture is lethal. we have determined the amino acid and cdna sequences of vpapla2. the protein primary structure was solved by sequencing the peptides generated by chemical cleavage of the molecule using cnbr, formic acid a ... | 1996 | 8878523 |
| early generation merogonies of sarcocystis muriviperae in liver and muscles of white mice. | early development of the coccidium sarcocystis muriviperae matuschka, heydorn, mehlhorn, abd-al-aal, diesing et bichler, 1987 is described from experimentally infected white mice fed sporocysts from naturally infected vipera palaestinae and coluber jugularis. although the course of infection was similar, mice infected with the sporocysts from the first host survived an inoculum of up to 200,000 sporocysts, while others infected with the second, succumbed to inocula exceeding 40,000 sporocysts in ... | 1996 | 8768459 |
| ultrastructural study of sarcocystis muriviperae development in the intestine of its snake hosts. | the ultrastructure of the endogenous stages--merozoites, microgamonts, macrogamonts and oocysts, of sarcocystis muriviperae from the snakes vipera palaestinae and coluber jugularis is described. snakes were infected via white mice fed on sporocysts obtained from naturally infected snakes of the same species. snakes examined 4 days post-infection contained only young and premature gamonts. infection in snakes sacrificed on day 7 post-infection consisted predominantly of mature microgamonts and ma ... | 1996 | 8682406 |
| isolation and characterization of a proteolytic factor from the venom of vipera palaestinae. | a proteolytic enzyme which is active on collagen and gelatin was isolated from the venom of vipera palaestinae. the enzyme showed an optimal temperature of 45 degrees c and an optimal ph of 8.0. it was inhibited by snake blood serum, but not by edta or trypsin inhibitors. the enzyme was completely separated from one of the venom hemorrhagins, which accompanied it through the purification procedure. the possible evolution of hemorrhagins from proteolytic enzymes is discussed. | 1986 | 3520957 |
| the two-component toxin of vipera palaestinae: contribution of phospholipase a to its activity. | | 1980 | 7394814 |
| asynchrony in the synthesis of secretory proteins in the venom gland of the snake vipera palaestinae. | 1. venom of vipera palastinae was subjected to isoelectrofocusing on polyacrylamide gel. the protein separation profiles were similar for different venom samples; more than 25 protein bands with a wide range of pi values could be demonstrated by this technique. 2. labelled venom was obtained 8h after an intracardial injection of [3h]leucine. the relative radioactivities of four out of 12 main protein bands were significantly different in the venom synthesized during the 2nd day of the venom rege ... | 1978 | 728082 |
| intracellular transport of proteins in active and resting secretory cells of the venom gland of vipera palaestinae. | the intracellular transport of venom proteins has been studied in active and resting venom glands of the snake vipera palaestinae by electron microscope radioautography after an intra-arterial injection of [3h]leucine. in the active gland, most of the label is initially (10 min) found over the rer. by 30 min, the relative grain density of the golgi complex reaches its maximum, with concomitant increase in the labeling of the condensing vacuoles. later on, a steep increase in radioactivity of the ... | 1978 | 690176 |
| purification and characterization of an antihemorrhagic factor from the serum of the snake vipera palaestinae. | | 1978 | 725960 |
| the neutralization mechanism of vipera palaestinae neurotoxin by a purified factor from homologous serum. | the serum of vipera palaestinae contains two separate factors which neutralize the hemorrhagic and the neurotoxic activities of its venom. the purified antineurotoxic factor shows one major band in disc electrophoresis and an 800-fold increase in specific activity. its molecular weight is approximately 56 000 and the isoelectric point is 4.0. these data, together with the failure to form precipitin lines in immuno-diffusion tests, suggest that the antineurotoxic factor of vipera palaestinae seru ... | 1977 | 870061 |
| ultrastructural alterations of peripheral blood cells due to vipera palaestinae snake bite. | | 1977 | 906020 |
| purification and partial characterization of lethal synergistic components from the venom of vipera palaestinae. | | 1977 | 20680 |
| l-amino acid oxidase from vipera palaestinae venom: purification and assay. | | 1973 | 4763290 |
| developmental pattern of enzyme secretion in the embryonic venom glands of vipera palaestinae (ophidia, reptilia). | | 1971 | 4325387 |
| daboia (vipera) palaestinae envenomation in 123 horses: treatment and efficacy of antivenom administration. | envenomation by venomous snakes is life threatening for horses. however, the efficacy of available treatments for this occurrence, in horses, has not yet been adequately determined. the aim of this study was to describe the treatments provided in cases of daboia palaestinae envenomation in horses and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of antivenom administration. data regarding 123 equine snakebite cases were collected over four years from 25 veterinarians. the majority of horses were treated w ... | 2019 | 30893807 |
| efficacy of specific antivenom and fresh frozen plasma in reversing daboia palaestinae venom-induced hemostatic derangement. | to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of specific daboia (vipera) palaestinae (dp) antivenom or fresh frozen plasma (ffp) against dp venom-induced hemostatic changes design: in vitro study. | 2020 | 32589364 |
| an assessment of medical students' proficiency in the diagnosis and management of snakebites: a cross-sectional study from palestine. | snakebites are emergent and life-threatening injuries that may require intensive care. physicians face difficulties in dealing with snakebite injuries due to the knowledge gaps in the diagnosis and management of snakebites. the study aimed to assess medical students' knowledge about the diagnosis and management of snakebite injuries, as well as their proficiency in first aid methods in case of snakebite and perception regarding snakes and snakebite injuries. | 2020 | 32099576 |
| toxicity of vipera palaestinae venom and antagonistic effects of methanolic leaf extract of eryngium creticum lam. | vipera palaestinae is responsible for many venomous incidents in the middle east. however, this species is not included in the antigenic pool of venoms for the production of the regionally available polyvalent antivenoms. in an attempt to develop a potential complementary alternative therapy for snakebite patients, this study is investigating the antagonistic effect of eryngium creticum against v. palaestinae venom. in this context, the concentration of the venom as well as the electrophoretic p ... | 2019 | 31095960 |
| daboia (vipera) palaestinae envenomation in horses: clinical and hematological signs, risk factors for mortality and construction of a novel severity scoring system. | daboia palaestinae is the most common venomous snake in israel and an important cause of envenomations in humans and animals. although specific antivenom is produced from horses, little documentation exists regarding the characteristics of envenomed horses. this survey was constructed to describe the clinical, hematological and biochemical characteristics of d. palaestinae envenomation in horses, to identify risk factors for fatality and to construct a prognostic snakebite severity scale (sss) t ... | 2017 | 28698056 |
| protein c activity in dogs envenomed by vipera palaestinae. | vipera palaestinae is responsible for most envenomations in humans and domestic animal in israel. its venom has pro- and anticoagulant properties. protein c is a major natural anticoagulant, preventing excess clotting and thrombosis. this study investigated protein c activity and its prognostic value, as well as several other hemostatic analytes in dogs (canis familiaris) accidently envenomed by v. palaestinae. protein c activity was compared between envenomed dogs and 33 healthy control dogs. m ... | 2014 | 24905649 |
| isolation and characterization of a hemorrhagic factor from the venom of the snake atractaspis engaddensis (atractaspididae). | the venom of atractaspis is unique in its composition and contains both high and low molecular weight fractions. the first peak obtained by gel filtration on sephadex g-50 (s1) induces hemorrhage in the skin of mice. the hemorrhagic activity is stable over a ph range of 6-9; at ph 5 or 9.5 the activity decreases to half of the original and it is destroyed when incubated at 56 degrees c for 15 min. the hemorrhagic fraction was further purified by ion exchange chromatography on deae-sepharose foll ... | 1987 | 3114916 |