| lydicamycin, a new antibiotic of a novel skeletal type. i. taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and biological activity. | a novel antibiotic, designated lydicamycin, was isolated from the fermentation broth of an actinomycete strain identified as streptomyces lydicus. lydicamycin was active against gram-positive bacteria and a certain yeast, but inactive against gram-negative bacteria. | 1991 | 2026553 |
| identification of some streptomycetes producing oxytetracycline. | a study was made of streptomyces rimosus and mutant strains to compare the phenotype of high and low oxytetracycline producers. strains were identified using a probabilistic identification matrix for the genus streptomyces. mutant strains separated into two groups: high-titre strains and blocked mutants. the former identified with the s. rimosus cluster whereas the latter were not identified. two further oxytetracycline producers identified with the streptomyces lydicus cluster. | 1985 | 4067579 |
| biological studies with alpha-dehydrobiotin. | a growing culture of streptomyces lydicus converted biotin-(14)c to alpha-dehydrobiotin-(14)c. the conversion was demonstrated by isolating crystalline alpha-dehydrobiotin-(14)c from fermentation liquors supplemented with biotin-(14)c. the addition of pimelic acid-(14)c to the growing culture did not produce any radioactive alpha-dehydrobiotin. alpha-dehydrobiotin did not substitute for biotin in lactobacillus plantarum or in saccharomyces cerevisiae. antimicrobial activity of alpha-dehydrobioti ... | 1969 | 5344105 |
| malioxamycin, a new antibiotic with spheroplast-forming activity. i. producing organism, fermentation, isolation and characterization. | strain no. 15748, identifies as streptomyces lydicus, produces a new antibiotic malioxamycin. malioxamycin is a water-soluble, amphoteric antibiotic with low molecular weight, having a valine and a malic acid moieties in its structure. it gave a positive ninhydrin and ferric chloride reactions. malioxamycin inhibited the growth of some gram-negative bacteria by acting on peptidoglycan synthesis in the cell wall and produced spheroplasts from those sensitive bacteria. | 1980 | 7019175 |
| malioxamycin, a new antibiotic with spheroplast-forming activity. ii. structural elucidation and total synthesis. | malioxamycin (1) is a new antibiotic produced by streptomyces lydicus no. 15748. the structure of malioxamycin has been determined by nmr and mass spectra to possess a hydroxamic acid bond between l-valine and d-malic acid. this structure was confirmed by total synthesis of the antibiotic with (r)-aminooxysuccinic acid and the active ester of l-valine. | 1980 | 7251467 |
| characterization of streptomyces lydicus wyec108 as a potential biocontrol agent against fungal root and seed rots. | the actinomycete streptomyces lydicus wyec108 showed strong in vitro antagonism against various fungal plant pathogens in plate assays by producing extracellular antifungal metabolites. when pythium ultimum or rhizoctonia solani was grown in liquid medium with s. lydicus wyec108, inhibition of growth of the fungi was observed. when wyec108 spores or mycelia were used to coat pea seeds, the seeds were protected from invasion by p. ultimum in an oospore-enriched soil. while 100% of uncoated contro ... | 1995 | 7487043 |
| use of randomly amplified polymorphic dna as a means of developing genus- and strain-specific streptomyces dna probes. | we have analyzed 20 randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) primers against 36 streptomyces strains, including 17 taxonomically undefined strains, 25 nonstreptomycete actinomycetes, and 12 outgroups consisting of gram-positive and -negative species. most of the primers were useful in identifying unique dna polymorphisms of all strains tested. we have used rapd techniques to develop a genus-specific probe, one not necessarily targeting the ribosomal gene, for streptomyces, and a strain-specific ... | 2000 | 10831438 |
| purification and partial characterization of polygalacturonase from streptomyces lydicus. | polygalacturonase produced by streptomyces lydicus was purified to homogeneity by ultrafiltration and a combination of ion exchange and gel filtration chromatographic procedures. the purified enzyme was an exo-polygalacturonase with a molecular weight of 43 kda. it was optimally active at 50 degrees c and ph 6.0. the enzyme was stable from ph 4.0 to 7.0 and at or below 45 degrees c for 90 min. k(m) value for polygalacturonic acid was 1.63 mg/ml and the corresponding v(max) was 677.8 microm min(- ... | 2008 | 17996445 |
| [extraction and structural identification of the antifungal metabolite of streptomyces lydicus a02]. | we isolated a high efficient antifungal strain a02 from forest soil in a suburb of beijing. the result of polyphasic taxonomy confirmed that strain a02 belongs to streptomyces lydicus. the fermented broth of the strain presented a stable and strong inhibiting activity against many plant pathogenic fungi. the purpose of this study was to ascertain the substance base of the antifungal activity of strain a02. we extracted the antifungal metabolite of a02 by using column chromatography with x-5 macr ... | 2009 | 19777810 |
| amino acid precursor supply in the biosynthesis of the rna polymerase inhibitor streptolydigin by streptomyces lydicus. | biosynthesis of the hybrid polyketide-nonribosomal peptide antibiotic streptolydigin, 3-methylaspartate, is utilized as precursor of the tetramic acid moiety. the three genes from the streptomyces lydicus streptolydigin gene cluster slge1-slge2-slge3 are involved in 3-methylaspartate supply. slge3, a ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase, is responsible for the biosynthesis of glutamate from glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate. in addition to slge3, housekeeping nadph- and ferredoxin-dependent glutam ... | 2011 | 21665968 |
| fabc of streptomyces lydicus involvement in the biosynthesis of streptolydigin. | streptolydigin, a secondary metabolite produced by streptomyces lydicus, is a potent inhibitor of bacterial rna polymerases. it has been suggested that streptolydigin biosynthesis is associated with polyketide synthase (pks) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps). thus, there is great interest in understanding the role of fatty acid biosynthesis in the biosynthesis of streptolydigin. in this paper, we cloned a type ii fatty acid synthase (fas ii) gene cluster of fabdhcf from the genome of s. ... | 2009 | 19214500 |
| optimization of enzymatic clarification of sapodilla juice: a statistical perspective. | response surface methodology (rsm) was employed to establish optimum conditions for enzymatic clarification of sapodilla juice. polygalacturonase obtained from streptomyces lydicus had been purified to homogeneity and was used for the treatment. the independent variables were temperature (30-45 degrees c), enzyme concentration (0.5-1.5 u), and treatment time (30-90 min), whose effects on viscosity and clarity of the juice were evaluated using a box-behnken design. significant regression models d ... | 2008 | 18670739 |
| functional analysis of type ii thioesterase of streptomyces lydicus as 4.2501. | constructing a mutant strain of single gene disruption is the basis for the study of gene function and metabolomics. systematic and complete genome sequencing is the basis of genetic manipulation. in the case of a little knowledge about the streptomyces lydicus genome and the speculation that polyketide synthases (type i) might be responsible for the polyketide side chain biosynthesis of streptolydigin, a 588-bp fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) according to the homology ... | 2006 | 17159238 |
| hydrolysis of pectin: an enzymatic approach and its application in banana fiber processing. | sediment samples were collected from different estuarine and marine areas along the west coast of india. eighteen actinomycete cultures were isolated using starch casein agar and were screened for polygalacturonase activity by growing them on pectin-agar plates. clear zones were visualized using 1% cetrimide. out of the 18 strains screened ten cultures could effect hydrolysis of pectin. the above cultures were subjected to secondary screening under submerged fermentation. the actinomycete strain ... | 2008 | 16962301 |
| biosynthesis of poly(epsilon-l-lysine)s in two newly isolated strains of streptomyces sp. | the biosynthesis of poly(epsilon-l-lysine) (epsilon-pl) in the two newly isolated strains of streptomyces lydicus use-11 (use-11) and streptomyces sp. use-51 (use-51) was studied by a newly developed two-stage culture method of cell growth at ph 6.8 and epsilon-pl production at ph 4.5. use-11 synthesized epsilon-pl consisting of about 28 residues at a high production level, whereas use-51 did the polymer with 15 ones at a low level. the secreted epsilon-pls in culture media were digested in a ne ... | 2006 | 16957897 |
| differential analysis of secondary metabolites by lc-ms following strain improvement of streptomyces lydicus as 4.2501. | metabolite variations in a high-yielding mutant and its parent strain were studied by comparative lc-ms analysis after strain improvement. streptomyces lydicus as 4.2501-p28, a propionate-resistant mutant isolated by the high-frequency screening method using the principle of eliminating precursor inhibition effects, showed an increase of 267% in streptolydigin titre over the starting strain. culture extracts of this mutant and its parent strain were analysed in parallel by an lc-ms technique, in ... | 2006 | 16719836 |
| isolation and characterization of streptomyces sp kh-614 producing anti-vre (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) antibiotics. | the actinomycete strain kh-614 was antagonistic to vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre). based on the diaminopimelic acid (dap) type, morphological and physiological characteristics examined by scanning electron microscopy (sem), kh-614 was confirmed as belonging to the genus streptomyces. based on the 16s rdna nucleotide sequences, streptomyces sp. kh-614 was found to have a relationship with streptomyces lydicus. the production of antibiotic from this strain was most favorable when cultured ... | 2002 | 12682870 |
| novel plant-microbe rhizosphere interaction involving streptomyces lydicus wyec108 and the pea plant (pisum sativum). | a previously undescribed plant-microbe interaction between a root-colonizing streptomyces species, s. lydicus wyec108, and the legume pisum sativum is described. the interaction is potentially of great importance to the health and growth in nature of this nodulating legume. the root-colonizing soil actinomycete s. lydicus wyec108 influences pea root nodulation by increasing root nodulation frequency, possibly at the level of infection by rhizobium spp. s. lydicus also colonizes and then sporulat ... | 2002 | 11976085 |
| biotransformation of selamectin with streptomyces lydicus sx-1298 using a novel static agar fermentation system with reemay mesh. | a novel approach to biotransformation is described using a solid medium matrix and reemay mesh that gives efficient biotransformation of compounds with minimal matrices in the ensuing gum solids. using this approach with a newly isolated biotransforming organism, streptomyces lydicus sx1298, a series of hydroxylations and an o-demethylation is described for selamectin the first endectocide for cats and dogs. | 2001 | 11480889 |
| biosynthesis of ganefromycin: results from blocked mutants and bioconversion experiments. | the biosynthetic pathway of ganefromycin alpha (8) was investigated using blocked mutants of streptomyces lydicus spp. tanzanius, the ganefromycin alpha producer, in conjunction with bioconversion experiments with the products of these mutants. compounds 1-7 and 9-15, which are structurally related to ganefromycin alpha, were produced by cultures of secretor mutants showing blockage or diminished production of 8. these compounds were isolated, characterized, and subjected to bioconversion experi ... | 1998 | 9514008 |
| synthesis of a phosphatidyl derivative of vitamin e and its antioxidant activity in phospholipid bilayers. | a novel phospholipid containing a chromanol structure at its polar head group was synthesized from egg yolk phosphatidylcholine and 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-6-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyethyl)chroman by transphosphatidylation catalyzed by phospholipase d from streptomyces lydicus. the structure of the product synthesized was shown by spectral analysis to be 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-2'-hydroxyethyl- 2',5',7',8'-tetramethyl-6'-hydroxychroman. the phosphatidylchromanol (pch) showed antioxidant activity ag ... | 1994 | 8152350 |
| production, purification, and characterization of chandramycin, a polypeptide antibiotic from streptomyces lydicus. | a plant pathogenic actinomycete identified as streptomyces lydicus was isolated from the deep-pitted scab lesions of potato tubers. this strain produces a new polypeptide antibiotic named chandramycin. the antibiotic was isolated from culture broth by extraction with organic solvents and purified by chromatography. the purified antibiotic is a light-yellow crystalline compound soluble in water and in most organic solvents. amino acid analysis of the acid hydrolysates of chandramycin revealed the ... | 1984 | 6548890 |
| resistance in inhibitors of rna polymerase in actinomycetes which produce them. | resistance to the endogenous antibiotic was studied in three actinomycetes that produce inhibitors of rna polymerase. the three producers, nocardia mediterranei (rifamycin producer), streptomyces spectabilis (streptovaricin producer) and streptomyces lydicus (streptolydigin producer), were each highly resistant to the antibiotic they produce (mic greater than 200 micrograms ml-1) and in vivo rna synthesis was also resistant. however, cross-resistance to the other rna polymerase inhibitors was no ... | 1984 | 6084703 |
| two new antimetabolites of biotin: alpha-methyldethiobiotin and alpha-methylbiotin. | two new antimetabolites of biotin were isolated from culture filtrates of streptomyces lydicus: beta-methyldethiobiotin and beta-methylbiotin. (14)c-biotin or (14)c-pimelic acid was not incorporated into either of these antimetabolites by the growing culture. neither of the compounds could substitute for the biotin requirement in saccharomyces cerevisiae. both compounds had a strong and rather specific antimicrobial effect against mycobacteria. their antimicrobial activities were reversed by bio ... | 1972 | 4680803 |
| galactostatin, a new beta-galactosidase inhibitor from streptomyces lydicus. | | 1987 | 3104266 |
| ll-e19020 alpha and beta, animal growth promoting antibiotics: taxonomy, fermentation and biological activity. | antibacterial antibiotics ll-e19020 alpha and beta were isolated from the fermentation broth of an actinomycete strain. based on cultural and physiological characteristics, culture ll-e19020 was identified as a new subspecies of streptomyces lydicus. the ll-e19020 alpha and beta antibiotics were found to possess a very narrow antibacterial spectrum against human pathogens. in studies in chickens, ll-e19020 alpha demonstrated excellent growth promoting activity. | 1989 | 2808136 |
| process-scale reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography purification of ll-e19020 alpha, a growth promoting antibiotic produced by streptomyces lydicus ssp. tanzanius. | ll-e19020 alpha is a novel antibiotic produced by fermentation of the soil microorganism streptomyces lydicus ssp. tanzanius. the compound is highly effective in inducing increases in weight gain and feed conversion efficiency in livestock. in order to obtain kilogram quantities of the material for field trials, pilot plant scale fermentations (up to 7500 l) were carried out. the antibiotic was recovered from the fermentation broth by solvent extraction. the resultant crude extract was subjected ... | 1989 | 2613793 |
| construction of a streptomyces lydicus a01 transformant with a chit42 gene from trichoderma harzianum p1 and evaluation of its biocontrol activity against botrytis cinerea. | streptomyces lydicus a01 and trichoderma harzianum p1 are potential biocontrol agents of fungal diseases in plants. s. lydicus a01 produces natamycin to bind the ergosterol of the fungal cell membrane and inhibits the growth of botrytis cinerea. t. harzianum p1, on the other hand, features high chitinase activity and decomposes the chitin in the cell wall of b. cinerea. to obtain the synergistic biocontrol effects of chitinase and natamycin on botrytis cinerea, this study transformed the chit42 ... | 2013 | 23625216 |
| heterologous coexpression of vitreoscilla hemoglobin and bacillus megaterium glucanase in streptomyces lydicus a02 enhanced its production of antifungal metabolites. | streptomyces lydicus a02 is a novel producer of commercially important polyene macrocyclic antibiotic natamycin and a potential biocontrol agent to several plant fungal diseases, including wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum f. spp. to improve the natamycin production and the antifungal activity of s. lydicus a02, we coexpressed gene vgb encoding vitreoscilla hemoglobin (vhb) and bglc encoding bacillus megaterium l103 glucanase, both under the control of the strong constitutive erme* promoter, in ... | 2015 | 26453475 |
| identification of an antifungal metabolite produced by a potential biocontrol actinomyces strain a01. | actinomyces strain a01 was isolated from soil of a vegetable field in the suburb of beijing, china. according to the morphological, cultural, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and 16s rdna sequence analysis, strain a01 was identified as streptomyces lydicus. in the antimicrobial spectrum test strain a01 presented a stable and strong inhibitory activity against several plant pathogenic fungi such as fusarium oxysporum, botrytis cinerea, monilinia laxa, etc. however, no antibacterial ... | 2008 | 24031293 |
| streptomyces staurosporininus sp. nov., a staurosporine-producing actinomycete isolate from a hay meadow soil. | the taxonomic position of a staurosporine-producing actinomycete isolated from a hay meadow soil was determined using a polyphasic approach. the organism had chemical and morphological characteristics consistent with its classification in the genus streptomyces and formed a distinct branch between the streptomyces lydicus and streptomyces noursei clades in the 16s rrna streptomyces gene tree. dna-dna relatedness values between the isolate and its nearest phylogenetic neighbours, namely s. lydicu ... | 2011 | 21669925 |
| biosynthesis of the rna polymerase inhibitor streptolydigin in streptomyces lydicus: tailoring modification of 3-methyl-aspartate. | the asparaginyl-trna synthetase-like slgz and methyltransferase slgm enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of the tetramic acid streptolydigin in streptomyces lydicus. inactivation of slgz led to a novel streptolydigin derivative. overexpression of slgz, slgm, or both in s. lydicus led to a considerable increase in streptolydigin production. | 2011 | 21398531 |
| synthesis of streptolydigin, a potent bacterial rna polymerase inhibitor. | streptolydigin is a highly potent, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomyces lydicus, which inhibits bacterial rna polymerase. we describe the first synthesis of streptolydigin, which was assembled in a highly convergent and fully stereocontrolled fashion with a longest linear sequence of 24 steps starting from commercially available precursors. the assembly process entailed preparation of fully elaborated streptolic and ydiginic subunits of the natural product, followed by a highly eff ... | 2010 | 20879772 |
| involvement of the beta subunit of rna polymerase in resistance to streptolydigin and streptovaricin in the producer organisms streptomyces lydicus and streptomyces spectabilis. | streptomyces lydicus nrrl2433 and s. spectabilis nrrl2494 produce two inhibitors of bacterial rna polymerase: the 3-acyltetramic acid streptolydigin and the naphthalenic ansamycin streptovaricin, respectively. both strains are highly resistant to their own antibiotics. independent expression of the s. lydicus and s. spectabilis rpob and rpoc genes, encoding the beta- and beta'-subunits of rna polymerase, respectively, in s. albus showed that resistance is mediated by rpob, with no effect of rpoc ... | 2010 | 20176899 |
| deciphering biosynthesis of the rna polymerase inhibitor streptolydigin and generation of glycosylated derivatives. | the biosynthetic gene cluster for the dienoyltetramic acid streptolydigin was identified and characterized from the producer organism streptomyces lydicus nrrl2433. sequence analysis of an 80.8 kb dna region revealed the presence of 38 orfs, 29 of which are probably involved in streptolydigin biosynthesis and would code for all activities required for its biosynthesis. six insertional inactivation mutants were generated in the sequenced region to prove its involvement in streptolydigin biosynthe ... | 2009 | 19875077 |
| complete genome sequencing and antibiotics biosynthesis pathways analysis of streptomyces lydicus 103. | more and more new natural products have been found in streptomyces species, which become the significant resource for antibiotics production. among them, streptomyces lydicus has been known as its ability of streptolydigin biosynthesis. herein, we present the genome analysis of s. lydicus based on the complete genome sequencing. the circular chromosome of s. lydicus 103 comprises 8,201,357 base pairs with average gc content 72.22%. with the aid of kegg analysis, we found that s. lydicus 103 can ... | 2017 | 28317865 |
| streptomyces kronopolitis sp. nov., an actinomycete that produces phoslactomycins isolated from a millipede (kronopolites svenhedind verhoeff). | a phoslactomycin-producing actinomycete, designated strain neau-ml8t, was isolated from a millipede (kronopolites svenhedind verhoeff) and characterized using a polyphasic approach. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis showed that strain neau-ml8t belongs to the genus streptomyces with the highest sequence similarities to streptomyces lydicus nbrc 13058t (99.39 %) and streptomyces chattanoogensis dsm 40002t (99.25 %). the maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 16s rrna gene sequences showed th ... | 2016 | 27670691 |
| biological control of lettuce drop and host plant colonization by rhizospheric and endophytic streptomycetes. | lettuce drop, caused by the soil borne pathogen sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is one of the most common and serious diseases of lettuce worldwide. increased concerns about the side effects of chemical pesticides have resulted in greater interest in developing biocontrol strategies against s. sclerotiorum. however, relatively little is known about the mechanisms of streptomyces spp. as biological control agents against s. sclerotiorum on lettuce. two streptomyces isolates, s. exfoliatus ft05w and s. ... | 2016 | 27242735 |
| slnm gene overexpression with different promoters on natamycin production in streptomyces lydicus a02. | natamycin is an important polyene macrolide antifungal agent produced by several streptomyces strains and is widely used as a food preservative and fungicide in food, medicinal and veterinary products. in order to increase the yield of natamycin, this study aimed at cloning and overexpressing a natamycin-positive regulator, slnm2, with different promoters in the newly isolated strain streptomyces lydicus a02, which is capable of producing natamycin. the slnm gene in s. lydicus is highly similar ... | 2014 | 24174215 |
| insights into the roles of exogenous glutamate and proline in improving streptolydigin production of streptomyces lydicus with metabolomic analysis. | the addition of precursors was one strategy to improve antibiotic production. the exogenous proline and glutamate, as precursors of streptolydigin, could significantly improve the streptolydigin production, but their underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. herein, metabolomic analysis was carried out to explore the metabolic responses of streptomyces lydicus to the additions of proline and glutamine. the significant differences in the quantified 53 metabolites after adding the exogenous ... | 2013 | 23990132 |
| metabolic analysis reveals the amino acid responses of streptomyces lydicus to pitching ratios during improving streptolydigin production. | pitching ratio has been reported to impact not only on the primary metabolism, but also the secondary metabolism. comparative metabolomics was used to explore the metabolic responses of streptomyces lydicus e9 to pitching ratios (1, 10, and 30%, v/v). we identified more than 120 metabolites involved in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and amino acid and secondary metabolism, of which there are significant differences in the quantified 32 metabolites under different pitching ratios by gas ch ... | 2013 | 23494621 |
| three pathway-specific regulators control streptolydigin biosynthesis in streptomyces lydicus. | the streptolydigin biosynthetic gene cluster from streptomyces lydicus nrrl 2433 contains three putative regulatory genes, slgr1, slgr2 and slgy, encoding proteins belonging to tetr and luxr transcriptional regulator families and atp/gtp-binding proteins of dna and rna helicase superfamily i, respectively. inactivation of slgr1 or slgr2 resulted in the abolition of streptolydigin production, suggesting that these proteins are pathway-specific positive regulators. in the case of the slgr1 mutant, ... | 2012 | 22820841 |
| participation of putative glycoside hydrolases slgc1 and slgc2 in the biosynthesis of streptolydigin in streptomyces lydicus. | two genes of the streptolydigin gene cluster in streptomyces lydicus cluster encode putative family 16 glycoside hydrolases. both genes are expressed when streptolydigin is produced. inactivation of these genes affects streptolydigin production when the microorganism is grown in minimal medium containing either glycerol or d-glucans as carbon source. streptolydigin yields in s. lydicus were increased by overexpression of either slgc1 or slgc2. | 2012 | 22726958 |
| novel compounds produced by streptomyces lydicus nrrl 2433 engineered mutants altered in the biosynthesis of streptolydigin. | streptolydigin is a tetramic acid antibiotic produced by streptomyces lydicus nrrl 2433 and involving a hybrid polyketide synthase (pks)-nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) system in its biosynthesis. the streptolydigin amino-acid precursor, 3-methylaspartate, has been proposed to be condensed to the polyketide portion of the molecule by a nrps composed by three enzymes (slgn1, slgn2 and slgl). on the other hand, biosynthesis of the polyketide moiety involves the participation of cytochrome p ... | 2012 | 22569159 |
| novel process for the simultaneous extraction and degumming of banana fibers under solid-state cultivation. | various process parameters for the production of polygalacturonase by streptomyces lydicus under solid-state fermentation were optimized. the optimum particle size of wheat bran for polygalacturonase production was in the range of 500-1000 μm. initial moisture content of 70% was found to be the optimum for enzyme production. the most suitable inoculum size was 1.25 × 10(5) cfu/ml and the optimum incubation temperature was 30°c. addition of carbon sources resulted in 37% increase in enzyme yield ... | 2008 | 24031190 |