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somatic and dendritic mosaics formed by large ganglion cells in the retina of the common house gecko (hemidactylus frenatus).recent studies of large ganglion cells in fishes and frogs have identified a shared inventory of three basic types, with characteristic forms and spatially independent mosaic distributions. these anamniote types and mosaics are hard to match to the large ganglion cell types and mosaics of mammals, implying that the underlying developmental programmes have diverged during evolution. reptiles and mammals both belong to the amniote lineage, so the point of divergence can be investigated by comparin ...19989587677
helminths in house lizards (reptilia: gekkonidae).a survey of helminths in house lizards captured in amphoe maung, chiang mai prouince revealed that the prevalence of helminthic infections in cosymbotus platyurus was 94.4% and in hemidactylus frenatus was 100%. six species of helminths were found from c. platyurus: two species of trematodes, posterochigenes sp (16.7%), paradistomoides gregarium (41.1%); one species of cestode, oochoristic sp (3.3%); two types of acanthocephalan cystacant, type i (4.4%), type ii (3.3%); and one species of nemato ...19979656374
endoparasites of three species of house geckoes in lampung, indonesia.thirty-four house geckoes (21 cosymbotus platyurus, four gehyra mutilata and nine hemidactylus frenatus) in december, 1997 (rainy season) and 26 geckos (16 c. platyurus, six g. mutilata and four h. frenatus) in july, 2000 (dry season) were captured in lampung, indonesia. some species of geckoes have been inadvertently introduced to many tropical regions from their native region, but the three species of geckoes in this study are native to indonesia. six species of endoparasites were recovered: o ...200212018196
patterns of coccidial prevalence in lizards of mauritius.this paper reports prevalence of coccidial oocysts in fecal samples from 6 endemic and 2 introduced lizard species on mauritius, an island nation in the indian ocean. total coccidian prevalence was 54% (n = 341) for the endemic 'ornate day gecko,' phelsuma ornata; 48% (n = 159) for the endemic 'durrell's night gecko,' nactus durrelli; 53% (n = 15) for the endemic 'serpent island night gecko,' n. serpensinsula; and 78% (n = 248) for the introduced gecko, hemidactylus frenatus. these high prevalen ...200516419754
new and already known acanthocephalans from amphibians and reptiles in vietnam, with keys to species of pseudoacanthocephalus petrochenko, 1956 (echinorhynchidae) and sphaerechinorhynchus johnston and deland, 1929 (plagiorhynchidae).adults of 2 new species in 2 orders of acanthocephalans obtained from the intestines of terrestrial amphibians and reptiles collected between 1998 and 2004 in vietnam are described here. pseudoacanthocephalus nguyenthileae n. sp. (palaeacnthocephala: echinorhynchidae) was collected from 5 species of terrestrial amphibians: (1) the common sunda toad bufo melanostictus schneider (bufonidae); (2) paa verucospinosa (bourret); (3) gunther's amoy frog rana guentheri boulenger; (4) taipei frog r. taipe ...200818372639
salmonella virchow and salmonella weltevreden in a random survey of the asian house gecko, hemidactylus frenatus, in houses in northern australia.abstract background: salmonella enterica serotype virchow is the most common cause of invasive nontyphoid salmonellosis in north queensland, particularly in infants, but the zoonotic source is unknown. this study aimed at determining (i) the prevalence of the introduced asian house gecko, hemidactylus frenatus, in houses in north queensland and (ii) whether they were a potential source of salmonella virchow. methods: asian house geckos were collected in a random survey of houses in townsville, n ...201020973656
the herpetofauna of timor-leste: a first report.fieldwork conducted throughout timor-leste in september 2004 and july 2009 resulted in a collection or recording of 263 herpetological specimens (100 amphibians, 163 reptiles), comprising at least seven species of frogs and toads, 20 species of lizards, seven species of snakes, two species of turtles, and one species of crocodile. among the amphibians, the most frequently encountered species were toads (duttaphrynus melanostictus), rice paddy frogs (genus fejervarya), and rhacophorid treefrogs ( ...201121852932
using combined morphological, allometric and molecular approaches to identify species of the genus raillietiella (pentastomida).taxonomic studies of parasites can be severely compromised if the host species affects parasite morphology; an uncritical analysis might recognize multiple taxa simply because of phenotypically plastic responses of parasite morphology to host physiology. pentastomids of the genus raillietiella are endoparasitic crustaceans primarily infecting the respiratory system of carnivorous reptiles, but also recorded from bufonid anurans. the delineation of pentastomids at the generic level is clear, but ...201121949796
antimicrobial and herbal drug resistance in enteric bacteria isolated from faecal droppings of common house lizard/gecko (hemidactylus frenatus).from 194 faecal dropping samples of common house geckos collected from offices (60), houses (88), integrated farm units (ifs,18) and hostels, guest houses, and dining rooms of different canteen/mess (hgm, 28), 326 bacterial isolates of enteric bacteria belonging to 17 genera and 34 species were detected. escherichia coli were the most frequently (39) isolated followed by citrobacter freundii (33), klebsiella pneumonia (27), salmonella indica (12), enterobacter gergoviae (12), and ent. agglomeran ...201324223595
cerebral angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in a captive african pygmy falcon (polihierax semitorquatus) in southern california.a 10-month-old, female african pygmy falcon (polihierax semitorquatus) hatched and housed at the san diego zoo developed neurologic signs and died from a cerebral infection with the rat lungworm angiostrongylus cantonensis. there was an associated mild nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis. this infection was diagnosed on histology and confirmed by detection of species-specific a. cantonensis dna in formalin-fixed and frozen brain tissue by a polymerase chain reaction assay. to the authors' knowled ...201425085869
salmonella isolates in the introduced asian house gecko (hemidactylus frenatus) with emphasis on salmonella weltevreden, in two regions in costa rica.the asian house gecko hemidactylus frenatus has been widely introduced in costa rica and tends to establish in human settlements. some studies in other invaded countries have suggested that this gecko plays a significant role in the epidemiology of salmonellosis and it is of value to public health. to our knowledge, no studies have examined salmonella from this species in costa rica. therefore, we collected 115 geckos from houses in two costa rican regions. we examined gut contents for salmonell ...201526378974
the gecko: an environmentally friendly biological agent for mosquito control.laboratory experiments with aedes aegypti mosquitoes investigated the effects of light, mosquito density and physiological state on predation rates by the australian gecko gehydra dubia and the exotic asian house gecko hemidactylus frenatus. for both gecko species a positive correlation was demonstrated between prey density and the predation rate. using ae.aegypti males and unfed females as prey in a terrarium (0.054 m3), consumption rates reached 76-108/day for g.dubia and 63-109/day for h.fren ...19979430109
acoustical coupling of lizard eardrums.lizard ears are clear examples of two-input pressure-difference receivers, with up to 40-db differences in eardrum vibration amplitude in response to ipsi- and contralateral stimulus directions. the directionality is created by acoustical coupling of the eardrums and interaction of the direct and indirect sound components on the eardrum. the ensuing pressure-difference characteristics generate the highest directionality of any similar-sized terrestrial vertebrate ear. the aim of the present stud ...200818648878
do predators control prey species abundance? an experimental test with brown treesnakes on guam.the effect of predators on the abundance of prey species is a topic of ongoing debate in ecology; the effect of snake predators on their prey has been less debated, as there exists a general consensus that snakes do not negatively influence the abundance of their prey. however, this viewpoint has not been adequately tested. we quantified the effect of brown treesnake (boiga irregularis) predation on the abundance and size of lizards on guam by contrasting lizards in two 1-ha treatment plots of s ...201222764505
new species of choleoeimeria (apicomplexa: eimeriidae), coccidia of bile-bladders of reptiles, illustrating a multiplicity of host cell-parasite interrelations.oocyst characteristics and histological features of the endogenous development of bile-bladder coccidia of the genus choleoeimeria paperna and landsberg, 1989 are described and the main features for species differentiation are discussed for the following new species: c. allogamae n. sp. from agama sp., cameroon, west africa; c. allogehyrae n. sp. from gehyra australis, magnetic island (type) and mainland n queensland, australia; c. boulii n. sp. from gehyra variegata, sw queensland, australia; c ...200718412050
gastrointestinal helminths of four gekkonid lizards, gehyra mutilata, gehyra oceanica, hemidactylus frenatus and lepidodactylus lugubris from the mariana islands, micronesia.the gastrointestinal tracts of gekkonid lizards from guam (gehyra mutilata [n = 4], gehyra oceanica [n = 11], hemidactylus frenatus [n = 43], and lepidodactylus lugubris [n = 38]) and rota (gehyra oceanica [n = 2], hemidactylus frenatus [n = 13], and lepidodactylus lugubris [n = 20] were examined for helminths. found were 2 species of cestodes, cylindrotaenia allisonae, oochoristica javaensis, 1 species of trematode, allopharynx macallisteri, and 5 species of nematodes, pharyngodon lepidodactylu ...19989920336
variation and evolution of class i mhc in sexual and parthenogenetic geckos.we present the first mhc class i sequences in geckos. we compared mhc variation in gekkonid species that reproduce sexually (hemidactylus frenatus, lepidodactylus aureolineatus, l. moestus, l. sp. arno, l. sp. takapoto) to others reproducing parthenogenetically (h. garnotii, l. lugubris). these comparisons include the known maternal (l. moestus) and paternal (l. sp. arno) ancestors of the asexual l. lugubris. sequences similar to other vertebrate species were obtained from both nuclear and cdna ...19968805837
spauligodon hemidactylus n. sp. (nematoda: pharyngodonidae) from hemidactylus frenatus (reptilia: gekkonidae) from oceania.nine-hundred-nineteen spauligodon hemidactylus n. sp. (nematoda: pharyngodonidae) were collected from the large intestines of 201 of 574 adult hemidactylus frenatus from 11 pacific locations. prevalence of infection was 35% (mean intensity 4.7, range 1-27). spauligodon hemidactylus n. sp. represents the 31st species to be described for this genus and is distinguished by the low number of tail filament spines of the female and the presence of unequal knobs on the egg. this is the first report of ...19968604100
the distribution and prevalence of helminths, coccidia and blood parasites in two competing species of gecko: implications for apparent competition.across the pacific the invading gecko species hemidactylus frenatus has competitively displaced the resident gecko species lepidodactylus lugubris in urban/surburban habitats. do parasites enhance, inhibit, orhave no effect on this invasion? parasites can confer an advantage to an invading species when the invader (1) introduces a new parasite to a resident species that has a greater detrimental effect on the resident than the invader, (2) is less susceptible to endemic parasites than the reside ...199528306877
an annotated checklist of the herpetofauna of beris valley, kedah, malaysia.the herpetofauna of beris valley, kedah, malaysia, was studied using a rapid assessment survey during a scientific expedition organised by the school of biological sciences at the universiti sains malaysia, from 14-17 august 2009. all amphibians and reptiles were observed and captured during the four-day survey along the ditches, roads, dam areas, swamps, forest trails and streams. the results showed that 14 species of amphibians from 9 genera and 5 families inhabit the area, and 7 species of li ...201124575206
an introduced pentastomid parasite (raillietiella frenata) infects native cane toads (rhinella marina) in panama.the pentastomid parasite, raillietiella frenata, is native to asia where it infects the asian house gecko, hemidactylus frenatus. this gecko has been widely introduced and recently r. frenata was found in introduced populations of cane toads (rhinella marina) in australia, indicating a host-switch from introduced geckos to toads. here we report non-native adult r. frenata infecting the lungs of native cane toads in panama. eight of 64 toads were infected (median = 2.5, range = 1-80 pentastomids/ ...201525394910
venom phenotypes of the rock rattlesnake (crotalus lepidus) and the ridge-nosed rattlesnake (crotalus willardi) from méxico and the united states.although the mexican highlands has the highest diversity of small-bodied rattlesnakes in the world, studies on the species found throughout this region have been relatively scarce. this has led to challenges with examining venom phenotypic characteristics, as well as species misidentifications and misclassifications. in the current study we investigated venom variation among four subspecies of crotalus lepidus (c. l. klaluberi, c. l. lepidus, c. l. maculosus, c. l. morulus) and four subspecies o ...201728827138
emergent multisystemic enterococcus infection threatens endangered christmas island reptile populations.multisystemic infections with a morphologically unusual bacterium were first observed in captive critically endangered lister's geckos (lepidodactylus listeri) on christmas island in october 2014. since then the infection was identified in another captive critically endangered lizard species, the blue-tailed skink (cryptoblepharus egeriae) and two species of invasive geckos; the four clawed gecko (gehyra mutilata) and asian house gecko (hemidactylus frenatus), in a wide geographic range across t ...201728727845
cone-like rectification properties of cgmp-gated channels in transmutated retinal photoreceptors of nocturnal geckoes.photoreceptors of nocturnal geckoes are scotopic, with rod-shaped outer segments, and sensitivities to light similar to the one of retinal rods from other species of lower vertebrates. however, these cells are not rods, but they originated from cones of ancestral diurnal geckoes with pure-cone retinas, after being forced to adapt to a nocturnal behavior. several interesting adaptations of these rod-like cones have been studied to date; molecular biology and functional studies confirmed that seve ...201425506076
chromosomal evolution in gekkonidae. i. chromosome painting between gekko and hemidactylus species reveals phylogenetic relationships within the group.geckos are a large group of lizards characterized by a rich variety of species, different modes of sex determination and diverse karyotypes. in spite of many unresolved questions on lizards' phylogeny and taxonomy, the karyotypes of most geckos have been studied by conventional cytogenetic methods only. we used flow-sorted chromosome-specific painting probes of japanese gecko (gekko japonicus), mediterranean house gecko (hemidactylus turcicus) and flat-tailed house gecko (hemidactylus platyurus) ...201121987185
sex steroids and epidermal glands in two species of gekkonine lizards.in vivo and in vitro experiments on the endocrine relationships of epidermal glands in the tokay gekko gecko, and the common house gecko hemidactylus bowringii are reported. the results show that certain aspects of beta-gland differentiation involve a synergistic action between androgens and those hormones responsible for controlling the normal shedding cycle, while other aspects are solely under androgenic control. pre-anal organ activity appears to be solely under androgenic control.19751159794
[dna barcoding of coi gene in some medicinal animals of lacertilia].to identify some medicinal animals of lacertilia, in total 59 individuals belonging to 12 species 7 genera 3 families, we used the universal barcoding primers to sequence these species, compared with other homologous sequences (564 bp) obtaining from the genbank and finally constructed phylogenetic trees using neighbor-joining, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference, respectively. as a result, the mean content of g + c (46.5%) was lower than that of a + t (53.5%). as calculated by kimera-2-par ...201323847935
the impact of parasites during range expansion of an invasive gecko.host-parasite dynamics can play a fundamental role in both the establishment success of invasive species and their impact on native wildlife. the net impact of parasites depends on their capacity to switch effectively between native and invasive hosts. here we explore host-switching, spatial patterns and simple fitness measures in a slow-expanding invasion: the invasion of asian house geckos (hemidactylus frenatus) from urban areas into bushland in northeast australia. in bushland close to urban ...201829441839
living on the edge: parasite prevalence changes dramatically across a range edge in an invasive gecko.species interactions can determine range limits, and parasitism is the most intimate of such interactions. intriguingly, the very conditions on range edges likely change host-parasite dynamics in nontrivial ways. range edges are often associated with clines in host density and with environmental transitions, both of which may affect parasite transmission. on advancing range edges, founder events and fitness/dispersal costs of parasitism may also cause parasites to be lost on range edges. here we ...201728107057
a diversity and conservation inventory of the herpetofauna of the cuautlapan valley, veracruz, mexico.we compiled an inventory of the amphibians and reptiles of the cuautlapan valley, veracruz, mexico based on field surveys and museum and literature records. we found a total of 78 species: 28 amphibians (6 salamanders and 22 anurans); and 50 reptiles (three turtles, 18 lizards, and 29 snakes). these taxa represent 26 families (eight amphibian families, 18 reptile families) and 60 genera (19 amphibian genera, 41 reptile genera). two of these species are not native to the area (rhinoclemmys pulche ...201627988584
temperature, field activity and post-feeding metabolic response in the asian house gecko, hemidactylus frenatus.temperature has significant effects on physiological activities and geographical distribution of ectotherms. the asian house gecko hemidactylus frenatus has become one of the most widely distributed reptiles in the world and is an invasive species in australia. since being introduced into northern australia, asian house geckos have spread rapidly and expanded into south-east queensland and northern new south wales. despite their rapid spread, there have been few studies that address thermal adap ...201425436968
sex-specific trade-offs and compensatory mechanisms: bite force and sprint speed pose conflicting demands on the design of geckos (hemidactylus frenatus).one of the more intuitive viability costs that can result from the possession of exaggerated sexually selected traits is increased predation pressure as a result of reduced locomotor capacity. despite mixed empirical support for such locomotor costs, recent studies suggest that such costs may be masked by compensatory traits that effectively offset any detrimental effects. in this study, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the locomotor costs associated with improved male-male competitive a ...201323821718
high genetic diversity despite the potential for stepping-stone colonizations in an invasive species of gecko on moorea, french polynesia.invasive species often have reduced genetic diversity, but the opposite can be true if there have been multiple introductions and genetic admixture. reduced diversity is most likely soon after establishment, in remote locations, when there is lower propagule pressure and with stepping-stone colonizations. the common house gecko (hemidactylus frenatus) was introduced to moorea, french polynesia in the remote eastern pacific within the last two decades and accordingly is expected to exhibit low di ...201122073211
hemidactylus frenatus (squamata: gekkonidae): call frequency, movement and condition of tail in costa rica.call frequency and movements of the gecko hemidactylus frenatus were studied in punta morales, costa rica from april 1999 through may 2000. call activity of h. frenatus was positively related to air temperature at night and throughout the year. higher activity was at dusk, dawn, and during the hottest months. call frequency was related with gecko abundance per month, although not during the night. more males and females had a regenerated tail compared to juveniles, the last ones could have it co ...200618457149
temperature induced alterations in the liver of wall lizard (hemidactylus frenatus): morphological and biochemical parameters.wall lizards (hemidactylus frenatus) were adapted to 20, 25, and 30 degrees c, and the liver was examined using standard transmission electron microscopy (tem) and biochemical analysis. peroxisomes were visualized after using the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (dab) technique. catalase, uricase and protein content were determined biochemically. the hepatocytes of animals adapted to higher temperature displayed larger lipid inclusions than those of animals adapted to lower temperature. rough endoplasmic r ...200212475563
[effect of starvation on the ultrastructure of hepatocytes of hemidactylus frenatus (lacertilia: gekkonidae) with special emphasis on peroxisomes].the influence of starvation on hepatocyte ultrastructure of hemidactylus frenatus (lacertilia: gekkonidae) was investigated with special emphasis on peroxisomes. wall lizards (hemidactylus frenatus) were sacrificed after different periods of starvation and their livers were processed for standard transmission electron microscopy. peroxisomes were demonstrated by means of the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (dab) cytochemical technique. a control group consisted of individuals which were fed "ad libitum" w ...19989645295
diurnal changes in the ultrastructure and volumes of nuclei in liver cells of hemidactylus frenatus in variable lighting conditions.the research was carried out on young, mature specimens of hemidactylus frenatus. the diurnal changes in the nucleus ultrastructure, especially changes in the number of perichromatin granules (pg), were investigated. the results let us come to the conclusion that the number of pg distinctly changes in twenty four hours and shows a negative correlation with the nuclei volumes.19979646701
compensatory follicular hypertrophy during the ovarian cycle of the house gecko, hemidactylus frenatus.the house gecko ( hemidactylus frenatus ) exhibits an ovarian cycle that can be divided into early follicular, vitellogenic, and luteal phases. serial sections through the right ovary of animals in the three phases allowed us to quantify follicular size, condition, and number, as well as germinal bed activity. there are six to eight healthy, growing follicles in each ovary, arranged in a stepwise size hierarchy. this number does not vary among the three phases, even though one follicle becomes a ...19846731871
light microscopy of the pineal organ of two primitive lizards, platyurus platyurus and hemidactylus frenatus. 19836614510
[orientation without external orientation clues in reptiles (hemidactylus frenatus gekkonidae)].in a black-painted cylindric arena geckos (hemidactylus frenatus) are able to find their hiding place without the aid of external orientation clues. this proprioceptive knowledge of the position is independent of the azimuth of the actual position of head and body, but it is influenced by a passive turning of the reptile. these findings lead to the assumption that the receptors of the labyrinth participate in the endogeneous (idiothetic) course control.19751210813
sex-specific thermal sensitivities of performance and activity in the asian house gecko, hemidactylus frenatus.studies of sexual selection primarily focus on morphological traits such as body size and secondary trait dimorphism, with less attention been given to the functional differences between the sexes and even more so their thermal performance capacities. each sex may benefit from possessing different thermal performance capacities that would allow them to maximise their fitness relative to their different reproductive roles; especially when performances are closely related to reproductive success. ...201829460146
new insights into sauropsid papillomaviridae evolution and epizootiology: discovery of two novel papillomaviruses in native and invasive island geckos.papillomaviruses cause persistent infections in skin and mucosal membranes and, in at least one species, are also be able to infect a tissue of mesenchymal origin. infections may either be subclinical or induce proliferative lesions. of the known papillomaviruses, the majority that have been characterized are from humans and other mammals. currently, only fifteen complete bird and reptile papillomavirus genomes have been described, and they have been found in birds (n = 11), turtles (n = 2), and ...201931798966
home-field advantage: native gecko exhibits improved exertion capacity and locomotor ability in structurally complex environments relative to its invasive counterpart.invasive species are of substantial concern because they may threaten ecosystem stability and biodiversity worldwide. not surprisingly, studies examining the drivers of biological invasion have increased in number over the past few decades in an effort to curtail invasive species success by way of informing management decisions. the common house gecko, hemidactylus frenatus, has successfully invaded the pacific islands where it appears to thrive in and dominate non-natural habitats offering high ...202032821264
pharmacokinetic profile of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in asian house geckos (hemidactylus frenatus) after single-dose oral administration of enrofloxacin.the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin were determined following oral administration in 21 asian house geckos (hemidactylus frenatus) at a dose of 10 mg/kg. changes in enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin plasma concentrations were quantified at regular intervals over 72 h (1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h). samples were analysed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) and the enrofloxacin pharmacokinetic data underwent a two-compartment analysis. due to the li ...202032734117
shifts in thermal preference of introduced asian house geckos (hemidactylus frenatus) in temperate regions of southeastern australia.despite its tropical origin, the asian house gecko (hemidactylus frenatus) is currently invading higher latitudes around the world. in this study, we investigated whether the introduced geckos in the subtropical/temperate region of southeastern australia have shifted their thermal biology to cope with colder temperatures. in the lab, we measured the body temperatures of geckos from thailand and australia in a cost-free thermal gradient. native h. frenatus from thailand displayed a diel pattern o ...202032716874
thermal ecophysiology of a native and an invasive gecko species in a tropical dry forest of mexico.for ectotherms, thermal physiology plays a fundamental role in the establishment and success of invasive species in novel areas and, ultimately, in their ecological interactions with native species. invasive species are assumed to have a greater ability to exploit the thermal environment, higher acclimation capacities, a wider thermal tolerance range, and better relative performance under a range of thermal conditions. here we compare the thermal ecophysiology of two species that occur in sympat ...202032479379
a new species of phyllurus leaf-tailed gecko (lacertilia: carphodactylidae) from the pinnacles, north-east australia.recent surveys of rocky rainforest in the townsville region have found additional populations of phyllurus geckos. one of these populations was discovered at the pinnacles, an isolated area of habitat in between the distributions of p. gulbaru and p. amnicola. genetic and morphological data shows that this population is most similar to p. gulbaru hoskin, couper schneider, 2003 but divergent in a number of traits. here we describe this population as a new species, p. pinnaclensis sp. nov., based ...201931715777
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