| detection of antibodies to a pathogenic mycoplasma in american alligators (alligator mississippiensis), broad-nosed caimans (caiman latirostris), and siamese crocodiles (crocodylus siamensis). | an epidemic of pneumonia with fibrinous polyserositis and multifocal arthritis emerged in captive american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) in florida, united states, in 1995. mycoplasma alligatoris sp. nov. was cultured from multiple organs, peripheral blood, synovial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid of affected alligators. in a subsequent experimental inoculation study, the henle-koch-evans postulates were fulfilled for m. alligatoris as the etiological agent of fatal mycoplasmosis of all ... | 2001 | 11136785 |
| genome sequences of mycoplasma alligatoris a21jp2t and mycoplasma crocodyli mp145t. | mycoplasma alligatoris and mycoplasma crocodyli are closely related siblings, one being highly virulent and the other relatively attenuated. we compared their genomes to better understand the mechanisms and origins of m. alligatoris' remarkable virulence amid a clade of harmless or much less virulent species. although its chromosome was refractory to closure, m. alligatoris differed most notably by its complement of sialidases and other genes of the n-acetylneuraminate scavenging and catabolism ... | 2011 | 21460083 |
| secreted sialidase activity of canine mycoplasmas. | through a survey of the phylogenetic distribution of sialidase among mycoplasmas, we detected activity secreted by the type strains of 3 of 11 species frequently or first isolated from dogs. the specific activity of washed cells of the type strains of mycoplasma canis, mycoplasma cynos, and mycoplasma molare ranged from 5.2+/-0.8 x 10(-6) to 1.1+/-0.3 x 10(-5) enzymatic units per colony-forming unit (u/cfu). cells of m. molare strain h542(t) had twice the specific activity (p<0.05) of m. canis s ... | 2009 | 19201110 |
| in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of mycoplasma iguanae proposed sp. nov. isolated from vertebral lesions of green iguanas (iguana iguana). | mycoplasma iguanae proposed species nova was isolated from vertebral abscesses of two feral iguanas (iguana iguana) from florida. three strains were evaluated for sensitivity to a variety of antibiotics. the minimum inhibitory concentrations for m. iguanae, assessed by broth dilution methods, of clindamycin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and tylosin (all <1 microg/ml) were lower than those of chloramphenicol (32 micro/ml) and erythromycin (64 microg/ml). the profile was identical t ... | 2006 | 17312804 |
| role of sialidase in mycoplasma alligatoris-induced pulmonary fibroblast apoptosis. | mycoplasma alligatoris causes acute lethal cardiopulmonary disease of susceptible hosts. a survey of its genome implicated sialidase and hyaluronidase, synergistic regulators of hyaluronan receptor cd44-mediated signal transduction leading to apoptotic cell death, as virulence factors of m. alligatoris. in this study, after the existence of a cd44 homolog in alligators was established by immunolabeling primary pulmonary fibroblasts with monoclonal antibody im7 against murine cd44, the sialidase ... | 2007 | 17276629 |
| mycoplasma alligatoris infection promotes cd95 (fasr) expression and apoptosis of primary cardiac fibroblasts. | mycoplasma alligatoris causes acute lethal primary infection of susceptible hosts. a genome survey implicated sialidase and hyaluronidase, potential promoters of cd95-mediated eukaryotic cell death, as virulence factors of m. alligatoris. we used immunofluorescence imaging and flow cytometry to examine the effects of m. alligatoris infection in vitro on cd95 expression and apoptosis by alligator cardiac fibroblasts, a major cell type of a target organ of m. alligatoris infection in vivo. a unifo ... | 2005 | 16339059 |
| experimental inoculation of broad-nosed caimans (caiman latirostris) and siamese crocodiles (crocodylus siamensis) with mycoplasma alligatoris. | an outbreak of mycoplasmosis caused by mycoplasma alligatoris resulted in the death or euthanasia of 60 american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) from a population of 74 captive bull alligators in florida in 1995. the natural reservoir, routes of transmission, and host range of m. alligatoris are unknown. this study was undertaken to determine whether crocodilian species other than american alligators are susceptible to m. alligatoris. six broad-nosed caimans (caiman latirostris) and six ... | 2001 | 12790420 |
| in vitro drug susceptibility pattern of mycoplasma alligatoris isolated from symptomatic american alligators (alligator mississippiensis). | a recently described mycoplasma, mycoplasma alligatoris, was isolated from dead american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) that had demonstrated clinical signs of lethargy, anorexia, bilateral ocular discharge, edema. paraparesis, and polyarthritis. the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration for nine antibacterial agents was determined through serial dilution in broth and plate culture for m. alligatoris isolates. the inhibitory concentration obtained for doxycycline, enrofloxacin, sara ... | 2002 | 12398297 |
| pathology of experimental mycoplasmosis in american alligators. | mycoplasma alligatoris was the suspected etiology of an epidemic of acute multisystemic inflammatory disease which emerged in captive american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) in florida (usa) in 1995. in an experimental inoculation study conducted from april through october 1999, 18 alligators were inoculated with 10(2), 10(4), or 10(6) colony forming units (cfu) of m. alligatoris by instillation into the glottis. as early as 1 wk post-inoculation (pi), mycoplasma were cultured from bloo ... | 2001 | 11763730 |
| mycoplasma alligatoris sp. nov., from american alligators. | mycoplasmas were isolated from multiple tissues of diseased american alligators (alligator mississippiensis). this paper presents biochemical, serological and molecular genetic characterizations of a lethal pathogen of alligators for which the name mycoplasma alligatoris sp. nov. is proposed. the type strain is a21jp2t (atcc 700619t). | 2001 | 11321088 |
| seroprevalence of mycoplasma alligatoris among free-ranging alligators (alligator mississippiensis) in florida--2003. | mycoplasma alligatoris causes acute lethal infection of alligators (alligator mississippiensis). the objective of this study was to assess the current seroprevalence of m. alligatoris among free-ranging, juvenile and subadult alligators in florida. thirty-two of 592 (5.4%) plasma samples from alligators at 12 of 20 sites (60%) in april and october 2003 were tested seropositive (titer 1: > or = 32) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-m. alligatoris antibodies. these results show that al ... | 2005 | 17323582 |
| spreading factors of mycoplasma alligatoris, a flesh-eating mycoplasma. | mycoplasma alligatoris causes lethal invasive disease of alligators and caimans. a homolog of the nagh gene, encoding a hyaluronidase secreted by clostridium perfringens, and a c. perfringens hyaluronidase nagi or nagk pseudogene were discovered in the m. alligatoris genome. the nagh gene was detected by pcr in the closest relative of m. alligatoris, mycoplasma crocodyli, but not in 40 other species representing the mycoplasma hominis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and spiroplasma phylogenetic clusters ... | 2004 | 15175306 |