| an epidemic of echovirus 18 meningitis. | the first reported outbreak of echovirus 18 meningitis in the united states occurred during the summer of 1972 in durham, north carolina. one hundred three cases of aseptic meningitis were seen at duke university medical center over a period of four months. most of the patients were less than 25 years old, black, and residents of durham county or nearby counties.. symptoms included headache (92%), fever (76%), nuchal rigidity (67%), and nausea and/or vomiting (51%). in contrast to previously pub ... | 1975 | 1167369 |
| [epidemic of aseptic meningitis with echovirus type 18 in gifu prefecture in 1988]. | on one hundred thirty seven cases with aseptic meningitis and 36 cases except aseptic meningitis in 1988, virological and serological investigations were performed. cases with aseptic meningitis ranged from 0 to 15 years old age, and 90.5% of them were under 8 years of age. seven types of enteroviruses and one unidentified strain were isolated from 58 of the 137 cases (42.3%), and echovirus type 18 was recovered from 46 cases (79.3%). echovirus type 18 was isolated also from 16 cases with acute ... | 1990 | 2230370 |
| an epidemic of echovirus 18 in 1988 in japan--high association with clinical manifestation of exanthem. a report of the national epidemiological surveillance of infectious agents in japan. | laboratory reports of isolation of echovirus serotype 18 (e18) slightly increased in the summer of 1987 followed by a sharp increase with a peak in july, 1988. a total of 1,094 isolations were reported during these two years from 39 laboratories participating in the national epidemiological surveillance of infectious agents in japan. when compared with the previous e18 outbreaks, a higher proportion of children at two years of age or under (58.3%) and a much higher incidence of exanthem (46.4%) ... | 1990 | 2255120 |
| protein analysis of newly isolated variants of echovirus type 18 by electrophoresis and western blotting. | the protein patterns of two newly isolated antigenic variants of echovirus type 18 were compared with those of the prototype strain. electrophoretic mobilities of vp1 and vp2 of the variants differed from those of the prototype strain. the antiserum against the prototype strain reacted to vp0 and vp2 in the western blotting experiment. in addition, the variants differed from the prototype strain in growth behavior in the cultured cells. | 1990 | 2280258 |
| [echovirus type 18 infection: clinical features of 15 cases in kitakyushu in 1988]. | an epidemic disease with maculopapular exanthem, especially on the face and the extremities was observed form june to july of 1988 in kitakyushu-shi. the clinical findings of 15 patients (male 12, female 3) with exanthem were described. symptoms included fever (10 patients), diarrhea (5), cough and nasal discharge (2), headache and vomiting (1), and hyperreflexia (1). echovirus type 18 was isolated from throat swabs and stool samples of 9 patients. | 1990 | 2335749 |
| an epidemic associated with echovirus type 18. | during the period october 1968 to march 1969 echovirus type 18 was isolated from 83 patients investigated at fairfield hospital for communicable diseases, melbourne. the illnesses most commonly associated with these isolations were aseptic meningitis, and fever with rash.we believe that this is the first report of an epidemic due to echovirus type 18 and the first occasion on which this virus has been shown to produce disease in adults. | 1972 | 4503872 |
| spread of echovirus type 18 infections within families. | | 1973 | 4780360 |
| echovirus type 18 infection: an unusual exanthem. | | 1966 | 5939742 |
| epidemiological studies on echovirus type 18 infection in toyama prefecture. | echovirus type 18 (echo 18) was isolated from six aseptic meningitis children in fukumitsu-machi, toyama prefecture, from july to august, 1980. this was the first virologically-confirmed epidemic of aseptic meningitis due to echo 18 in japan. epidemiological studies on the prevalence of this virus among the inhabitants in toyama prefecture were also performed. the results are summarized as follows. (1) significant increases in neutralizing antibody titers against echo 18 were observed in all the ... | 1983 | 6888292 |
| neonatal sepsis due to echovirus 18 infection. | clinical manifestations of neonatal echovirus type 18 infections include a nonspecific febrile illness, diarrhea, and meningitis with or without exanthem. we report a successful outcome in a case of neonatal sepsis with shock caused by echovirus type 18, a complication not previously associated with this serotype. | 1997 | 9350610 |
| [an epidemic of aseptic meningitis caused by echoviruses in fukuoka prefecture during april 1997 to august 1998]. | an epidemic of aseptic meningitis in fukuoka prefecture during april 1997 to august 1998 was studied to determine the serotype of viruses isolated in fukuoka prefecture. in fukuoka prefecture, bimodal peaks were seen in july and december 1997. monthly changes of reported aseptic meningitis patients and period of virus isolation revealed that epidemics of the earlier part in 1997 was caused by echovirus 9 (e 9) and the latter part due to echovirus 30 (e 30). e 9 was isolated mainly in chikugo are ... | 1999 | 10213990 |
| [clinical study of an outbreak of aseptic meningitis due to echovirus type 30 in munakata city in 1997-1998]. | from october, 1997 through july, 1998, an outbreak of aseptic meningitis due to echovirus type 30 occurred in the northern part of kyushu area in japan. in this outbreak, clinical and virologic observations were carried out on 157 in-patients with aseptic meningitis at our hospital. the age of the patients ranged from 1 year and 9 months to 57-year old. one hundred and twenty out of 157 cases were the children under 15 years of age, and in this age group, male/female ratio was 2:1. the largest p ... | 2000 | 10783577 |
| molecular classification of enteroviruses not identified by neutralization tests. | we isolated six viruses from patients diagnosed with aseptic meningitis or hand, foot, and mouth disease. the cytopathic effect of these viruses on cultured cells was like that of enteroviruses. however, viral neutralization tests against standard antisera were negative. phylogenetic analysis with the complete vp4 nucleotide sequences of these 6 viruses and 29 serotypes of enteroviruses classified 3 of the viruses as serotype echovirus type 18 (ev18) and 3 as serotype human enterovirus 71 (hev71 ... | 2002 | 11927028 |
| molecular analysis of the echovirus 18 prototype: evidence of interserotypic recombination with echovirus 9. | echovirus 18 (ev18) is one of the echovirus serotypes associated with human diseases and in particular aseptic meningitis. to facilitate studies of the molecular epidemiology of ev18 and the evolution of enteroviruses in general, the complete nucleotide (nt) sequence was determined for the echovirus 18 prototype strain (metcalf, ev18m). excluding the poly a sequence, the genome consists of 7410 nt divided into a 740 nt 5' untranslated region (5' utr), a 6567 nt long open reading frame coding for ... | 2002 | 11955640 |
| molecular typing and epidemiology of enteroviruses identified from an outbreak of aseptic meningitis in belgium during the summer of 2000. | non-polio enteroviruses are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis worldwide. from may to september 2000, a major outbreak of aseptic meningitis occurred in belgium. cerebrospinal fluid samples (csf) of 122 patients were found to contain enterovirus rna using diagnostic rt-pcr that targeted a 231-bp gene fragment in the 5' noncoding region. in addition, a molecular typing method was developed based on rt-nested pcr and sequencing directly from csf(a) 358-bp fragment in the aminoterminal par ... | 2003 | 12767006 |
| annual report of the australian national poliovirus reference laboratory, 2002. | acute flaccid paralysis is the main clinical manifestation of poliomyelitis. faecal specimens from cases of acute flaccid paralysis in australia are referred to the national poliovirus reference laboratory for virus culture to determine if poliovirus is the causative agent. isolations of poliovirus are tested to determine whether they have characteristics of the sabin oral polio vaccine virus strains or wild type polioviruses. in 2002, a poliovirus type 3, which tested as sabin vaccine-like, was ... | 2003 | 14510060 |
| analysis of the serotype and genotype correlation of vp1 and the 5' noncoding region in an epidemiological survey of the human enterovirus b species. | the sequence identity of the enterovirus vp1 gene has been shown to correlate with the serotype concept. enterovirus molecular typing methods are therefore often based on sequencing of the vp1 genomic region and monophyletic clustering of vp1 sequences of a homologous serotype. for epidemiological surveillance, 342 enterovirus samples obtained from patients with aseptic meningitis in belgium from 1999 to 2002 were first diagnosed as being enterovirus positive by amplification of the 5' noncoding ... | 2004 | 15004039 |
| association of regulatory issues with an echovirus 18 meningitis outbreak at a children's summer camp in alaska. | we document an echovirus 18 meningitis outbreak occurring at a remote overnight children's camp in alaska. the outbreak involved 26% of 113 camp residents, was associated with building overcrowding and occurred in a camp with a contaminated drinking water source. lack of specific children's camp regulations and failure to implement and enforce existing regulations may have contributed to the outbreak. | 2004 | 15361731 |
| the lim benyesh-melnick antiserum pools for serotyping human enterovirus cell culture isolates--still useful, but may fail to identify current strains of echovirus 18. | neutralisation tests are often used as a second line method of serotyping human enterovirus cell culture isolates after failure of indirect immunofluorescence. we reviewed the results of 85 consecutive neutralisation tests performed routinely on presumptive enterovirus isolates using the lim benyesh-melnick antiserum pools after failure of immunofluorescence on most of them, in order to assess the value of these antiserum pools. confirmation of serotype was determined by partial vp1 genome seque ... | 2005 | 15893571 |
| annual report of the australian national poliovirus reference laboratory, 2004. | the australian national poliovirus reference laboratory at the victorian infectious diseases reference laboratory is the world health organization designated laboratory for the isolation and testing of poliovirus from clinical specimens within australia, the pacific island countries and brunei darussalam. surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (afp) within australia, the main clinical manifestation of poliomyelitis, is also coordinated at the victorian infectious diseases reference laboratory ... | 2005 | 16220861 |
| enterovirus meningitis in brazil, 1998-2003. | acute viral infections of the central nervous system (cns) such as acute flaccid paralysis, meningitis, and encephalitis, are responsible for a high morbidity, particularly in children. non-polio enteroviruses (npev) are known to be responsible for over 80% of viral meningitis in which the etiologic agent is identified. in the present study, we show the frequency of enterovirus meningitis in brazil from december 1998 to december 2003. enterovirus were isolated from 162 (15.8%), of a total of 1,0 ... | 2006 | 16299728 |
| polioviruses and other enteroviruses isolated from faecal samples of patients with acute flaccid paralysis in australia, 1996-2004. | acute flaccid paralysis (afp) is the most common clinical presentation of acute poliovirus infection, occurring in 0.1-1% of infected cases. afp surveillance has been used world-wide to monitor the control and eradication of circulating wild poliovirus. this study aims to review the significance of all enteroviruses, including polioviruses, isolated from patients with afp in australia between 1996 and 2004. | 2006 | 16737480 |
| neutralization assays for echovirus 18 isolates in 2006. | | 2007 | 17314433 |
| fatal echovirus 18 leukoencephalitis in a child. | rare cases of leukoencephalitis have been reported in infants with documented enterovirus (ev) central nervous system (cns) infections. a case of fatal encephalitis with white matter lesions caused by echovirus 18 is described, and it highlights the role of ev cns infection as a potential cause of leukoencephalitis in infants. | 2007 | 17442801 |
| an echovirus type 18 outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. | we describe an outbreak of echovirus type 18 infection involving 20 neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) patients and the results of virological investigations are presented. rt-pcr demonstrated a widespread transmission of the virus in nicu patients during the outbreak. separation care and additional infection control measures seemed to be effective in preventing further spread of the virus. | 2008 | 17593390 |
| human enteric viruses in groundwater from a confined bedrock aquifer. | confined aquifers are overlain by low-permeability aquitards that are commonly assumed to protect underlying aquifers from microbial contaminants. however, empirical data on microbial contamination beneath aquitards is limited. this study determined the occurrence of human pathogenic viruses in well water from a deep sandstone aquifer confined by a regionally extensive shale aquitard. three public water-supply wells were each sampled 10 times over 15 months. samples were analyzed by reverse tran ... | 2007 | 17948815 |
| detection of echovirus 18 in human breast milk. | we detected enteroviral rna and cultured infectious virus from a series of banked breast milk samples from the mother of an infant with neonatal sepsis; sequencing of the enterovirus isolate identified it as echovirus type 18. in this case, it is possible that enterovirus transmission occurred through the breast milk. | 2008 | 18199781 |
| concentration of enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and noroviruses from drinking water by use of glass wool filters. | available filtration methods to concentrate waterborne viruses are either too costly for studies requiring large numbers of samples, limited to small sample volumes, or not very portable for routine field applications. sodocalcic glass wool filtration is a cost-effective and easy-to-use method to retain viruses, but its efficiency and reliability are not adequately understood. this study evaluated glass wool filter performance to concentrate the four viruses on the u.s. environmental protection ... | 2008 | 18359827 |
| viruses in recreational water-borne disease outbreaks: a review. | viruses are believed to be a significant cause of recreationally associated water-borne disease. however, they have been difficult to document because of the wide variety of illnesses that they cause and the limitations in previous detection methods. noroviruses are believed to be the single largest cause of outbreaks, which have been documented in the published literature 45% (n = 25), followed by adenovirus (24%), echovirus (18%), hepatitis a virus (7%) and coxsackieviruses (5%). just under ha ... | 2009 | 19486213 |
| molecular and epidemiological characterization of enteroviruses isolated in chungnam, korea from 2005 to 2006. | enteroviruses were identified and characterized from patients with aseptic meningitis and other enterovirusrelated diseases in chungnam, korea from 2005 to 2006. enteroviruses were isolated from 79 of 519 cases (15.2%) in 2005, and 37 of 386 cases (9.6%) in 2006. based on partial vp1 sequencing, a total of 116 enterovirus isolates were resolved into 13 types. prevalent among the chungnam isolates were echovirus 18 and coxsackievirus b5 in 2005, and echoviruses 5 and 25 in 2006. this is the first ... | 2009 | 19809266 |
| performance of enterovirus genotyping targeting the vp1 and vp2 regions on non-typeable isolates and patient specimens. | culture and serotyping of human enteroviruses are time-consuming and labor-intensive. targeted nucleic acid sequencing has emerged as a powerful alternative to conventional methods. many published genotyping assays use two-step reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), nested pcr protocols, and/or reflexive testing algorithms. the performance of a one-step rt-pcr protocol, a more clinically practical approach, was evaluated. the vp1 and/or vp2 region of archived enterovirus i ... | 2010 | 20043951 |
| outbreak of echovirus 18 meningitis in a rural missouri community. | this is a case-control study of viral meningitis outbreak in perry county, missouri. all case-patients had viral meningitis per routine csf analysis or pcr testing. enterovirus vp1-specific rt-pcr and sequencing was performed on csf. univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to evaluate risk factors. the meningitis attack rate was 1/1,000 population. the main risk factor for meningitis was association with childcare. in patients with signs of meningitis, but normal routi ... | 2009 | 20063513 |
| echovirus 18 meningitis in southern taiwan. | eighty cases of echovirus 18 infection among young children during an outbreak in 2006 in taiwan were enrolled. twenty percent of the patients had a comorbid condition. twenty-five cases (31%) were complicated by aseptic meningitis. the most frequent diagnoses in children without meningitis were pharyngitis/tonsillitis (35%) and vesicular viral exanthem (33%). the case-fatality rate among the children with meningitis was 4%. echovirus 18 was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of 68% of the ch ... | 2011 | 20881653 |
| nonpolio enterovirus and human parechovirus surveillance --- united states, 2006-2008. | enteroviruses, members of the picornaviridae family, are common viruses associated with clinical manifestations ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to serious conditions, including aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, neonatal sepsis, and acute flaccid paralysis. approximately 100 serotypes of nonpolio enteroviruses have been recognized, and some viruses previously classified as enteroviruses, namely echovirus 22 and 23, recently have been reclassified as human parechoviruses (hpevs), a differen ... | 2010 | 21150865 |
| an echovirus 18 associated outbreak of aseptic meningitis in taiwan:epidemiology, diagnostic, and genetic aspects. | in 2006, an outbreak of aseptic meningitis was noted in taiwan. the majority (27.4%) of enterovirus isolates was echovirus 18 (e18). from january to october, 2006, a total of 3,283 collected from patients with viral infection, including 173 cerebrospinal fluid (csf), were examined for viral isolation and identification. phylogenetic relationship among e18 strains was probed. the epidemic saw 339 enterovirus (ev) positive cases were identified by viral culture: e.g., echovirus 18 (e18) (27.4%, 93 ... | 2011 | 21546563 |
| molecular typing and epidemiology of enteroviruses in cyprus, 2003-2007. | human enteroviruses (hevs) are responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical diseases. even though usually associated with non-specific febrile illness, they are the most common cause of viral meningitis, pose a serious public health problem, especially during outbreaks. rapid detection and identification of hev serotypes, in clinical specimens is important in appropriate patients management and epidemiological investigation. a 5-year study (2003-2007) of clinical specimens from patients with vira ... | 2011 | 21596905 |
| epidemics of enterovirus infection in chungnam korea, 2008 and 2009. | abstract: previously, we explored the epidemic pattern and molecular characterization of enteroviruses isolated in chungnam, korea from 2005 to 2006. the present study extended these observations to 2008 and 2009. in this study, enteroviruses showed similar seasonal prevalent pattern from summer to fall and age distribution to previous investigation. the most prevalent month was july: 42.9% in 2008 and 31.9% in 2009. the highest rate of enterovirus-positive samples occurred in children < 1-year- ... | 2011 | 21668960 |
| molecular characterization and antiviral activity test of common drugs against echovirus 18 isolated in korea. | genetic diversity and antiviral activity for five common antiviral drugs of echovirus (ecv) 5 isolated in korea have been described. the present study extended these tests to a korean ecv 18 isolate. an outbreak of aseptic meningitis caused by the ecv 18 isolate was reported in korea in 2005, marking the first time this virus had been identified in the country since enterovirus surveillance began in 1993. using a sample isolated from stool specimen of a 5-year-old male patient with aseptic menin ... | 2011 | 22078806 |
| Analysis of enterovirus and adenovirus presence in swimming pools in Cyprus from 2007-2008. | An analysis was carried out to determine the presence of enteroviruses and adenoviruses in public swimming pools in Cyprus. The effectiveness of the commonly implemented disinfection procedure of chlorination was confirmed by determination of bacteriological markers. Analysis of viral presence was carried out by sampling random swimming pools from the five major cities in Cyprus during a period of 21 months spanning from April 2007 to December 2008. A 10 I sample was taken from each swimming poo ... | 2011 | 22049764 |
| [virologic and epidemiological characteristics of non-polio infection in croatia over a ten-year period (2000-2009)]. | the aim of the present study was to show the virologic and epidemiological characteristics of non-polio enterovirus (npev) infection over a ten-year period in croatia. | 2011 | 22359891 |
| severe hepatitis associated with an echovirus 18 infection in an immune-compromised adult. | enteroviruses are recognized as important pathogens in pediatric patients; however, they are often overlooked as etiologic agents of disease in adults. here, we report a case of echovirus 18-associated severe systemic infection and acute liver failure in an adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient. additionally, we illustrate the utility of molecular methods for the detection and typing of enteroviral infections. | 2012 | 23175267 |
| molecular epidemiological study of enteroviruses associated with encephalitis in children from hangzhou, china. | enterovirus (ev) has over 100 serotypes of species a-d, which can cause various symptoms in infants. enterovirus encephalitis (eve) is serve disease with high morbidity and mortality in children. to well define the epidemiology of eve, we wanted to know more about ev and ev molecular typing by conducting this study in hangzhou.cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from children with diagnosis of encephalitis. meanwhile, one-step real-time rt-pcr was used for the detection of ev, and we also ... | 2016 | 27893696 |
| molecular epidemiological study of enteroviruses associated with encephalitis in children from hangzhou, china. | enterovirus (ev) has over 100 serotypes of species a-d, which can cause various symptoms in infants. enterovirus encephalitis (eve) is serve disease with high morbidity and mortality in children. to well define the epidemiology of eve, we wanted to know more about ev and ev molecular typing by conducting this study in hangzhou.cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from children with diagnosis of encephalitis. meanwhile, one-step real-time rt-pcr was used for the detection of ev, and we also ... | 2016 | 27749541 |
| analysis of an echovirus 18 outbreak in thuringia, germany: insights into the molecular epidemiology and evolution of several enterovirus species b members. | in october and november 2010, six children and one woman were presented with symptoms of aseptic meningitis in jena, thuringia, germany. enterovirus rna was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of all patients by rt-pcr, and preliminary molecular typing revealed echovirus 18 (e-18) as causative agent. virus isolates were obtained from stool samples of three patients and several contact persons. again, most isolates were typed as e-18. in addition, coxsackievirus b5 (cv-b5) and echovirus 25 (e-25) ... | 2016 | 27369854 |
| a novel human enterovirus recombinant from a child with diarrhea. | recombination is a well-known phenomenon for enteroviruses. in the present study, a novel recombinant hev-b strain (chzj-1) was found in a 2-year-old child with diarrhea in zhenjiang, china. the whole genome of chzj-1 was determined. recombination and phylogenetic analysis revealed that chzj-1 might have been produced by recombination between coxsackievirus b5 and echovirus 18. | 2014 | 23959204 |
| complete genome sequence analysis of echovirus 18 associated with aseptic meningitis in hebei province, china, in 2015. | echovirus 18 is a member of the genus enterovirus, family picornaviridae, which can cause meningitis in children. here, we report the echovirus 18 complete genome sequence, which was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a child with aseptic meningitis in hebei province, china. | 2016 | 27789638 |