| selective inhibitory effects of (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonyl-methoxypropyl) adenine and 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil on seal herpesvirus (phocid herpesvirus 1) infection in vitro. | from a selection of 25 antiviral compounds with specific anti-herpes activity or broad-spectrum antiviral properties, two compounds, namely (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonyl-methoxypropyl)adenine and 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil, appeared particularly effective in inhibiting the cytopathogenicity of seal herpesvirus (phocid herpesvirus 1). | 1987 | 3619434 |
| the isolation and partial characterization of a highly pathogenic herpesvirus from the harbor seal (phoca vitulina). | this report describes the first isolation and partial characterization of a herpesvirus from the harbor seal (phoca vitulina). the virus was isolated during a disease outbreak in a group of young seals nursed in a seal orphanage in the netherlands. almost half of the seals died with symptoms of acute pneumonia and focal hepatitis and the virus was isolated of organs of most of the dead animals. seven out of ten seals of which paired serum samples were obtained showed seroconversion in a virus ne ... | 1985 | 4062560 |
| characterization of phocid herpesvirus-1 and -2 as putative alpha- and gammaherpesviruses of north american and european pinnipeds. | to study the relationships between herpesvirus recently isolated from different pinniped species, antigenic and genetic analyses were performed. first, herpesviruses isolated from north american harbour seals (phoca vitulina), a californian sea lion (zalophus californianus) and a european grey seal (halichoerus grypus) were examined in an enzyme immunoassay (eia) with a panel of monoclonal antibodies which had previously been shown to allow typing of herpesviruses from european harbour seals int ... | 1996 | 8558126 |
| age-related disease in recurrent outbreak of phocid herpesvirus type-1 infections in a seal rehabilitation centre: evaluation of diagnostic methods. | the prevalence and clinical signs of phocid herpesvirus type-1 (phhv-1) infections among harbour seals (phoca vitulina) in a seal rehabilitation centre in the netherlands were monitored between june and september 1993 and 1994 when 34 and 36 seals, respectively, were rehabilitated. in both years phhv-1-related disease outbreaks occurred in the pupping season. phhv-1 infections were diagnosed by the demonstration of a more than four-fold increase in virus neutralising serum antibodies in paired s ... | 1997 | 9172297 |
| serologic survey for phocid herpesvirus-1 and -2 in marine mammals from alaska and russia. | blood samples were collected from 1,042 marine mammals off the coast of alaska (usa) and russia during the period 1978 to 1994. eight species of pinnipeds were represented. sera were tested for presence of neutralizing antibodies to both the pb84 isolate of phocid herpesvirus-1 (phhv-1) and the 7848/han90 strain of phocid herpesvirus-2 (phhv-2). species-specific antibody prevalences ranged from 22% to 77% for phhv-1 and 11% to 50% for phhv-2. species-specific antibody prevalences for phhv-1 were ... | 1997 | 9249690 |
| antigenic and nucleotide characterization of a herpesvirus isolated from pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardsii). | this report describes the antigenic and nucleotide characterization of a herpes-like virus that has been isolated from the adrenal tissues of neonatal pacific harbor seals. infection with this virus has been previously implicated as a major cause of death of animals undergoing rehabilitation. comparison and phylogenetic analysis of sequenced fragments of the dna polymerase, glycoprotein b and glycoprotein d genes, and immunofluorescence assay using herpesvirus-specific monoclonal antibodies, dem ... | 1998 | 9856089 |
| herpesviruses of carnivores. | this review focuses on felid herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1), the most studied of the carnivore herpesviruses. canid herpesvirus (chv-1) and phocid (seal) herpesvirus 1 (phhv-1) are also included where information is available. fhv-1 is a member of the varicellovirus genus of the alphaherpesvirinae, which appears to be closely related phylogenetically to both chv-1 and phhv-1. fhv-1 infects both domestic and some wild felidae, such as cheetahs, and is predominantly a respiratory pathogen of cats. as in ot ... | 1999 | 10515274 |
| molecular phylogenetic analysis of felid herpesvirus 1. | the position of felid herpesvirus 1 within the alphaherpesvirus subfamily was investigated using molecular phylogenetic techniques applied to multiple sequence alignments of recently reported fhv-1 gene homologs (glycoprotein b, ribonucleotide reductase and dna polymerase). fhv-1 was most closely related to other carnivore alphaherpesviruses, (phocid herpesvirus 1 and canid herpesvirus 1) and to the equid herpesviruses 1 and 4. | 1999 | 10515276 |
| a candidate phocid herpesvirus vaccine that provides protection against feline herpesvirus infection. | phocid herpesvirus type 1 (phhv-1) causes significant morbidity and mortality among young and immunocompromised harbour seals. therefore, the availability of an effective phhv-1 vaccine would be of importance for orphanages and seal rehabilitation centres. since possibilities to test phhv-1 candidate vaccines in the target species are limited, a suitable animal model is needed. given the close genetic and antigenic relationships between phhv-1 and feline herpesvirus (fhv), the fhv cat system cou ... | 2001 | 11738761 |
| diagnosing herpesvirus infections by real-time amplification and rapid culture. | procedures using real-time technique were developed to demonstrate the presence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2, varicella zoster virus (vzv), and cytomegalovirus (cmv) in miscellaneous clinical specimens. the assays were compared to rapid culture using centrifugation followed by detection with monoclonal antibodies. a total of 711 consecutive samples were collected from different patient groups. throat swabs were obtained from transplant patients; dermal or oral specimens were ... | 2003 | 12574249 |
| immunogenicity and efficacy of recombinant subunit vaccines against phocid herpesvirus type 1. | phocid herpesvirus type 1 (phhv-1) is an alpha-herpesvirus that causes significant morbidity and mortality among young and immunocompromised harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and therefore represents a major problem for seal rehabilitation centres. consequently, there is a need for a safe and effective phhv-1 vaccine. we tested an iscom-based recombinant phhv-1 gb vaccine alone (gb) or with the addition of recombinant phhv-1 gd (gbd) for (i). immunogenicity and protective efficacy against feline he ... | 2003 | 12744876 |
| serologic survey for selected virus infections in polar bears at svalbard. | polar bears (ursus maritimus) were chemically immobilized and sampled at svalbard, norway, and on the pack ice in the barents sea from late march to mid-may between 1990 and 1998. plasma samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv), calicivirus, phocid herpesvirus type 1 (phhv-1), and rabies virus. a seroprevalence of 8% to cdv and 2% to calicivirus were found, whereas no antibodies were detected against phhv-1 or rabies virus. this serologic survey indicate ... | 2005 | 16107665 |
| infectious disease and the decline of steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) in alaska, usa: insights from serologic data. | serologic data were examined to determine whether infectious disease may have played a role in the decline of steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) in the gulf of alaska and aleutian islands, usa. available published data, unpublished data, and recent collections (1997-2000) were compared and reviewed. data were stratified by geography to compare the declining western alaskan population in the aleutian islands through eastern prince william sound to the increasing population in southeastern ala ... | 2005 | 16244061 |
| serologic survey for brucella spp., phocid herpesvirus-1, phocid herpesvirus-2, and phocine distemper virus in harbor seals from alaska, 1976-1999. | harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardsi) were captured in the coastal regions of southeast alaska, gulf of alaska, prince william sound (pws), and kodiak island during 1976-1999. blood was collected from 286 seals. sera were tested for evidence of exposure to brucella spp., phocid herpesvirus-1 (phohv-1), phocid herpesvirus-2 (phhv-2), and phocine distemper virus (pdv). antibody prevalence rates were 46% (46/100) for brucella spp., 93% (225/243) for phohv-1, 0% (0/286) for phhv-2, and 1% (2/160) ... | 2006 | 16870851 |
| pathology and epidemiology of phocid herpesvirus-1 in wild and rehabilitating harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardsi) in the northeastern pacific. | phocid herpesvirus-1 (phhv-1, subfamily alphaherpesvirinae) was isolated from harbor seals (phoca vitulina vitulina) in the netherlands in 1985, and was subsequently identified in pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardsi) from california, usa in the 1990s. phhv-1-associated pathology was first recognized in harbor seal carcasses submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in abbotsford, british columbia, canada in 2000, and 63 cases were identified by 2008. a review of these cases indi ... | 2010 | 20688721 |
| herpesviruses including novel gammaherpesviruses are widespread among phocid seal species in canada. | little is known about herpesviruses in canadian pinnipeds. we measured prevalence of antibodies to herpesviruses in the sera from canadian phocid seals by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. wild harbor seals (phoca vitulina) and captive harbor seals were positive for antibodies to phocid herpesvirus 1 (phohv-1) at prevalences of 91% and 100%, respectively. sera from wild hooded seals (cystophora cristata), harp seals (pagophilus groenlandica), and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) were ... | 2016 | 26555112 |
| phocine herpesvirus 1 (phhv-1) in harbor seals from svalbard, norway. | phocine herpesvirus 1 (phhv-1) infections in seals are associated with disease and sometimes high mortality, primarily in young animals. phhv-1 has been detected in seals from european waters as well as in waters on both coasts of north america. serological surveys of various pinniped species have indicated a wide geographical distribution of phhv-1. a quantitative and sensitive real-time pcr assay targeting the gene encoding glycoprotein b of phhv-1 was developed for detection of phhv-1 in ocul ... | 2013 | 23570865 |
| widespread neonatal infection with phocid herpesvirus 1 in free-ranging and stranded grey seals halichoerus grypus. | phocid herpesvirus 1 (phhv-1) is known to infect grey seals halichoerus grypus but little is known about its pathogenicity or true prevalence in this species. to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with phv-1 infection, nasal swabs were collected from grey seal pups and yearlings on the isle of may, a well-studied grey seal breeding colony, and from stranded grey seal pups submitted to a rehabilitation centre. phhv-1 nucleic acids were detected in nasal swabs from 58% (52/9 ... | 2019 | 31019131 |
| novel herpesvirus discovered in walrus liver. | a walrus (odobenus rosmarus) born in an aquarium and hand-reared in japan died at the age of 11 months. the affected animal showed fever and anorexia and had high levels of ast and alt. necropsy showed multiple necroses in the liver and adrenal glands and histological examination revealed necrotic lesions of the liver and adrenal cortex, both of which contained intranuclear inclusions. electron microscopic analysis of the liver sample showed herpesvirus-like particles. high-throughput sequencing ... | 2021 | 33559836 |
| the transmission of phocine herpesvirus-1 in rehabilitating and free-ranging pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina) in california. | phocine herpesvirus-1 (phhv-1) causes regular outbreaks of disease in neonatal harbor seals (phoca vitulina) at rehabilitation centers in europe and in the u.s. to investigate transmission of this virus samples were collected from harbor seal pups during exposure studies at a californian rehabilitation center from 1999 to 2002 and from free-ranging harbor seals off central california during the same period. the exposure studies provided evidence that phhv-1 can be transmitted horizontally betwee ... | 2004 | 15504584 |
| genetic characterization of the unique short segment of phocid herpesvirus type 1 reveals close relationships among alphaherpesviruses of hosts of the order carnivora. | to further characterize phocid herpesvirus type 1 (phhv-1) at the molecular level, a cluster of genes comprising the complete unique short (us) region of phhv-1 has been cloned and sequenced. within this region, orfs were detected that code for the equivalent of the us 2- protein of herpes simplex virus (hsv), a putative protein kinase, and for the glycoprotein equivalents gg, gd, gi and ge. in addition, two small orfs downstream of ge, homologous to the us 8.5 and us 9 proteins of hsv were iden ... | 2003 | 12771410 |
| humoral immune responses to phocine herpesvirus-1 in pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardsii) during an outbreak of clinical disease. | infection with phocine herpesvirus type-1 (phv-1) has been associated with morbidity and high mortality in neonatal harbor seals (phoca vitulina). a phv-1 specific indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to sequentially measure the serological status of 106 harbor seal neonates admitted to a pacific coast rehabilitation center (total number of sera tested was 371). early in the season (february-april), the majority of pups had low serum levels of phv-1 specific antibody. ... | 2001 | 11278118 |
| major immunogenic proteins of phocid herpes-viruses and their relationships to proteins of canine and feline herpesviruses. | the immunogenic proteins of cells infected with the alpha- or the gamma-herpesvirus of seals, phocid herpesvirus-1 and -2 (phhv-1, -2), were examined in radioimmunoprecipitation assays as a further step towards the development of a phhv-1 vaccine. with sera obtained from convalescent seals of different species or murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs), at least seven virus-induced glycoproteins were detected in lysates of phhv-1-infected crfk cells. a presumably disulphide-linked complex composed o ... | 1998 | 9563160 |
| molecular characterization and baculovirus expression of the glycoprotein b of a seal herpesvirus (phocid herpesvirus-1). | a glycoprotein b (gb) gene homologue was identified in a 5.4-kb bamhl genomic fragment of the phocid herpesvirus type-1 (phhv-1) which represents a widespread and important pathogen of pinnipeds. sequence analysis revealed a gb-specific open-reading frame comprising 881 amino acids. phylogenetic analysis gave evidence for a close evolutionary relationship between phhv-1 and members of the varicellovirus genus of the alpha-herpesvirinae and canid herpesvirus in particular. in phhv-1-infected cran ... | 1997 | 9018133 |