| concentration of galegine in verbesina encelioides and galega oficinalis and the toxic and pathologic effects induced by the plants. | verbesina encelioides administered to sheep by gavage induced clinical signs of toxicity and pathologic lesions identical to those induced by galega officinalis. sheep had compromised respiratory function with shallow, rapid respiration and frothy exudate from the nares. affected animals necropsied at time of death presented with hydrothorax with as much as 2 to 3 l of straw-colored thoracic fluid with fibrin tags and congestion and edema of the lungs. the trachea and lung airways contained frot ... | 1992 | 1573558 |
| individual animal susceptibility and its relationship to induced adaptation or tolerance in sheep to galega officinalis l. | oral administration of galega officinalis l to sheep demonstrated a marked variation in individual animal susceptibility to the toxic effects of the plant. as little as 5 g/kg of dried ground plant induced moderate tracheal frothing in 1 ewe while nearly 5 times that amount failed to elicit any recognizable toxic effects such as frothing, pulmonary edema or hydrothorax in others. ten g/kg induced severe effects in 3 ewes. ewes administered levels of plant between 5 and 24 g/kg had toxic effects ... | 1988 | 3188360 |
| toxicosis from and possible adaptation to galega officinalis in sheep and the relationship to verbesina encelioides toxicosis. | galega officinalis l (goatsrue), a plant introduced from europe and found in abundance in northern utah, was tested for toxicity in ewes (ovis aries). clinical signs of poisoning induced by doses as small as 0.8 g of dried plant/kg body weight/day included dyspnea, anoxia, and foaming nasal discharge. pathologic signs in animals that died following overdose of the plant included severe hydrothorax, generalized lung congestion, foamy exudate in bronchioles and trachea, epicardial and endocardial ... | 1986 | 3750812 |
| [clinical and experimental contribution on the question of the lactogenic effect of galega officinalis]. | | 1968 | 5751861 |
| fatal poisoning of sheep by galega officinalis (french honeysuckle). | three cases of rare acute poisonings due to galega officinalis l. (french honeysuckle) have been recorded in france. this plant poisoning, which generally occurs in summer, is characterized by an asphyxic syndrome which leads to death within hours. a voluminous hydrothorax is observed during post mortem examination. the toxic mechanism is yet to be established. | 1981 | 7336561 |
| hypoglycaemic activity of four plants used in chilean popular medicine. | the hypoglycaemic activity of a 20% dried leaf infusion of bauhinia candicans benth. (leguminosae), galega officinalis l. (leguminosae), morus alba l. (moraceae) and rubus ulmifolius schott. (rosaceae), used for diabetes in chilean popular medicine, was evaluated in alloxan and streptozotocin induced hyperglycaemic rats. in normal rats the different infusions did not modify significantly the glycaemia in the period studied, but in diabetic rats different results were observed, depending on the d ... | 1999 | 10190178 |
| description of two biovars in the rhizobium galegae species: biovar orientalis and biovar officinalis. | twenty-six rhizobium galegae strains, representing the center of origin of the host plants galega orientalis and g. officinalis as well as other geographic regions, were used in a polyphasic analysis of the relationships of r. galegae strains. phage typing, lipopolysaccharide (lps) profiling, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) profiling and rep-pcr (use of repetitive sequences as pcr primers for genomic fingerprinting) with rep and eric primers investigated nonsymbiotic properties, whereas ... | 2001 | 11518322 |
| aflp fingerprinting as a tool to study the genetic diversity of rhizobium galegae isolated from galega orientalis and galega officinalis. | aflp fingerprints of rhizobium galegae strains that infect galega orientalis and galega officinalis obtained from different geographical sources, and of taxonomically diverse rhizobia representing the recognized species, were generated. comparisons of the fingerprints from fluorescent labeled aflp products using capillary electrophoresis on abi prism 310, slab gel electrophoresis on abi prism 377 genetic analyzers and silver staining were in good agreement. all methods delineated the g. oriental ... | 2001 | 11566388 |
| symbiotic and genetic diversity of rhizobium galegae isolates collected from the galega orientalis gene center in the caucasus. | this paper explores the relationship between the genetic diversity of rhizobia and the morphological diversity of their plant hosts. rhizobium galegae strains were isolated from nodules of wild galega orientalis and galega officinalis in the caucasus, the center of origin for g. orientalis. all 101 isolates were characterized by genomic amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting and by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) of the rrna intergenic spacer and of five parts ... | 2003 | 12571030 |
| [culture for galega officinalis]. | | 1952 | 13137983 |
| characterisation of wild legume nodulating bacteria (lnb) in the infra-arid zone of tunisia. | we report on the isolation and the characterization of nitrogen-fixing root nodule bacteria isolated from natural legumes in a region of south tunisia corresponding to the infra-arid climatic zone. a collection of 60 new bacterial root nodule isolates were obtained from 19 legume species belonging to the genera acacia, anthyllis, argyrolobium, astragalus, calycotome, coronilla, ebenus, genista, hedysarum, hippocrepis, lathyrus, lotus, medicago, ononis. the isolates were characterised by (1) comp ... | 2004 | 15214644 |
| [contribution of lectin sugar-binding peptides structure determines specificity of rhizobium-legume symbiosis in galega orientalis and g. officinalis]. | a significant heterogeneity between bacteria rhizobium galegae bv. officinalis and r. galegae bv. orientalis forming the nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with galega officinalis and g. orientalis, respectively, and not forming any single cross-inoculation group, was found by means of rapd and rfel methods. the high level of sequence similiraty between lectins of these plants indicates at their close relationship. however the sequences of lectin sugar binding peptides (sbp) of g. orientalis (tycnpgwdprd ... | 2005 | 15773554 |
| herbal remedies in the management of diabetes: lessons learned from the study of ginseng. | the only example of an approved antidiabetic drug that was developed from a herbal source with a long history of use for diabetes is the biguanide metformin from french lilac (galega officinalis). clinical data are beginning to emerge that support antidiabetic indications for several other herbs. this viewpoint discusses the state of the evidence for their clinical antidiabetic efficacy. one of the most studied herbs, ginseng (panax spp.), is used as a model to illustrate the challenges associat ... | 2005 | 15955462 |
| use of nodulation pattern, stress tolerance, nodc gene amplification, rapd-pcr and rflp-16s rdna analysis to discriminate genotypes of rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae. | twenty-seven new rhizobium isolates were obtained from root nodules of wild and crop legumes belonging to the genera vicia, lathyrus and pisum from different agroecological areas in central and southern italy. a polyphasic approach including phenotypic and genotypic techniques was used to study their diversity and their relationships with other biovars and species of rhizobia. analysis of symbiotic properties and stress tolerance tests revealed that wild isolates showed a wide spectrum of nodula ... | 2005 | 16156120 |
| acute and subchronic oral toxicity of galega officinalis in rats. | galega officinalis l. (papilionaceae) is widely used in folk medicine as antidiabetic or for increasing lactation. there is a little information about its possible toxicity. in this study, acute and subchronic toxicity of aerial parts of galega officinalis in wistar rats have been evaluated. for the acute toxicity study, the animals received orally four different single dose of plant suspension and were kept under observation for 14 days. the results indicated that ld50 of galega officinalis is ... | 2008 | 18055147 |
| mechanisms underlying the metabolic actions of galegine that contribute to weight loss in mice. | galegine and guanidine, originally isolated from galega officinalis, led to the development of the biguanides. the weight-reducing effects of galegine have not previously been studied and the present investigation was undertaken to determine its mechanism(s) of action. | 2008 | 18297106 |
| benzylguanidines and other galegine analogues inducing weight loss in mice. | dimethylallylguanidine, also known as galegine, isolated from galega officinalis, has been shown to have weight reducing properties in vivo. substitution of the guanidine group with an n-cyano group and replacement of guanidine with amidine, pyrimidine, pyridine, or the imidazole moieties removed the weight reducing properties when evaluated in balb/c mice. however, retention of the guanidine and replacement of the dimethylallyl group by a series of functionalized benzyl substituents was shown t ... | 2009 | 19422230 |
| activation of imidazoline i(2b) receptors by guanidine to increase glucose uptake in skeletal muscle of rats. | guanidine is an active ingredient extracted from galega officinalis. it is considered as ligand for imidazoline receptor due to the similarity of chemical structure. previous studies showed that an activation of imidazoline i2 receptor (i2r) in adrenal gland lowered plasma glucose through releasing beta-endorphin to stimulate the opioid-mu receptor in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (stz rats). however, the effect of guanidine on i2r remains unclear. in the present study, we observed that g ... | 2009 | 19822195 |
| activation of imidazoline i2b receptors is linked with amp kinase pathway to increase glucose uptake in cultured c2c12 cells. | guanidine, the active ingredient extracted from galega officinalis, is introduced as a ligand for imidazoline i2 receptor (i2r) because guanidine decreased plasma glucose via an activation of i2br to increase glucose uptake into skeletal muscle isolated from wistar rats. however, the signals for this action of guanidine remained obscure. in the present study, we used the cultured skeletal muscle fibroblast named c2c12 cell line to investigate this point. we found that guanidine increased the pho ... | 2010 | 20298750 |
| galega orientalis is more diverse than galega officinalis in caucasus--whole-genome aflp analysis and phylogenetics of symbiosis-related genes. | legume plants can obtain combined nitrogen for their growth in an efficient way through symbiosis with specific bacteria. the symbiosis between rhizobium galegae and its host plant galega is an interesting case where the plant species g. orientalis and g. officinalis form effective, nitrogen-fixing, symbioses only with the appropriate rhizobial counterpart, r. galegae bv. orientalis and r. galegae bv. officinalis, respectively. the symbiotic properties of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia are well studie ... | 2011 | 21980996 |
| specificity in legume-rhizobia symbioses. | most species in the leguminosae (legume family) can fix atmospheric nitrogen (n₂) via symbiotic bacteria (rhizobia) in root nodules. here, the literature on legume-rhizobia symbioses in field soils was reviewed and genotypically characterised rhizobia related to the taxonomy of the legumes from which they were isolated. the leguminosae was divided into three sub-families, the caesalpinioideae, mimosoideae and papilionoideae. bradyrhizobium spp. were the exclusive rhizobial symbionts of species i ... | 2017 | 28346361 |
| the use of galactogogues in the breastfeeding mother. | to review data regarding the efficacy of galactogogues available in the us to increase breast milk production in postpartum mothers. | 2012 | 23012383 |
| natural products for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. high blood sugar can produce long-term complications such as cardiovascular and renal disorders, retinopathy, and poor blood flow. its development can be prevented or delayed in people with impaired glucose tolerance by implementing lifestyle changes or the use of therapeutic agents. some of these drugs have been obtained from plants or have a microbial origin, such as galegine isolated from galega officin ... | 2015 | 26132858 |
| biguanide related compounds in traditional antidiabetic functional foods. | biguanides such as metformin are widely used worldwide for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. the identification of guanidine and related compounds in french lilac plant (galega officinalis l.) led to the development of biguanides. despite of their plant origin, biguanides have not been reported in plants. the objective of this study was to quantify biguanide related compounds (brcs) in experimentally or clinically substantiated antidiabetic functional plant foods and potatoes. the corrected resu ... | 2013 | 23411283 |
| conservation biological control in strawberry: effect of different pollen on development, survival, and reproduction of neoseiulus californicus (acari: phytoseiidae). | wild vegetation surrounding crops may provide temporary habitat and potential food sources for phytoseiids in different seasons. monthly vegetation samples of wild plants adjacent to strawberry plants and wild plants in a vegetation strip close to the crop were taken. the frequency of neoseiulus californicus, tetranychus urticae and other mites and insects was recorded. in addition, in a laboratory assay, the survival, developmental time and fecundity of females fed on pollen of strawberry and p ... | 2015 | 26459375 |
| the role of natural galactagogues during breast feeding. focus on a galega officinalis based food supplement. | maternal milk is the optimal food for newborns. to this end, a number of interventions are used to enhance milk production. however, pharmacological interventions may be associated with a perceived risk of adverse effects and therefore many mothers prefer to rely on natural herbal remedies. several herbal remedies have been traditionally used to this purpose. however, the level of evidence supporting their use is mixed. among different currently-employed natural remedies, galega officinalis has ... | 2016 | 27901335 |
| metformin and anti-cancer therapeutics: hopes for a more enhanced armamentarium against human neoplasias? | metformin, a natural product from galega officinalis, is an oral drug, now in the forefront of the therapeutic management of type-2 diabetes mellitus. a series of clinical observations of the last decades, support that metformin may contribute to lowering the risk of cancer development in diabetic patients, and also to improvement of response-to-therapy and survival in individuals with certain types of malignancies. moreover, several preclinical in vitro and in vivo data indicate that metformin ... | 2017 | 27604091 |
| the single evolutionary origin of chlorinated auxin provides a phylogenetically informative trait in the fabaceae. | chlorinated auxin (4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid, 4-cl-iaa), a highly potent plant hormone, was once thought to be restricted to species of the tribe fabeae within the fabaceae, until we recently detected this hormone in the seeds of medicago, melilotus and trifolium species. the absence of 4-cl-iaa in the seeds of the cultivated species cicer aeritinum from the cicerae tribe, immediately basal to the fabeae and trifolieae tribes, suggested a single evolutionary origin of 4-cl-iaa. here, we provi ... | 2016 | 27302610 |
| [the alkaloid-free fraction from galega officinalis extract prevents oxidative stress under experimental diabetes mellitus]. | the effect of alkaloid-free fraction from galega officinalis extract on the process of formation of reactive oxygen species and indicators of prooxidant-antioxidant balance was investigated in rat peripheral blood under conditions of experimental diabetes mellitus. it was shown that alkaloid-free fraction from galega officinalis extract prevents oxidative stress development in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, providing antioxidant and antiradical mobilization mechanisms to protect the ... | 2015 | 26547967 |
| therapeutic potential of temperate forage legumes: a review. | the discovery of bioactive molecules from botanical sources is an expanding field, preferentially oriented to plants having a tradition of use in medicine and providing high yields and availability. temperate forage legumes are fabaceae species that include worldwide-important crops. these plants possess therapeutic virtues that have not only been used in veterinary and folk medicine, but have also attracted the interest of official medicine. we have examined here medicago sativa (alfalfa), trif ... | 2016 | 26507574 |
| effect of metformin on the human t98g glioblastoma multiforme cell line. | metformin is a guanidine derivative found in galega officinalis that is commonly used to treat diabetes mellitus. the mechanism of action of metformin involves regulation of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway, which is implicated in the control of protein synthesis and cell proliferation. this led to the hypothesis that metformin reduces the risk of cancer and slows tumor growth. thus, in the present study, the effectiveness of me ... | 2014 | 24940426 |
| identification of anti-melanogenic natural compounds from galega officinalis and further drug repositioning. | | 2012 | 22608214 |
| clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin. | metformin is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. it is a biguanide developed from galegine, a guanidine derivative found in galega officinalis (french lilac). chemically, it is a hydrophilic base which exists at physiological ph as the cationic species (>99.9%). consequently, its passive diffusion through cell membranes should be very limited. the mean ± sd fractional oral bioavailability (f) of metformin is 55 ± 16%. it is absorbed predominately from the small intestine. ... | 2011 | 21241070 |
| anti-platelet fraction from galega officinalis l. inhibits platelet aggregation. | a fraction from crude extract of galega officinalis l. was purified by gel filtration on sephadex g-25, sepharose 4b, and ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (deae)-cellulose. the fraction with molecular weight 100-140 kda appears to have a polysaccharide nature, including protein. the fraction inhibits platelet aggregation initiated by 25 microm adenosine 5'-diphosphate (adp), 100 microg/ml collagen, and 0.8 u/ml thrombin with the 50% inhibiting concentration (ic(50)) being 11.2 mi ... | 2002 | 12639398 |
| anti-aggregation activity of crude water extract of galega officinalis l. fractionated on sephadex g-25 and sepharose 4b. | the present study describes a method for preparation of biologically active fraction from crude water extract of galega officinalis l. by gel filtration on sephadex g-25 and sepharose 4b. in an in vitro experiment (at a dose of 12.0 +/- 0.45 micrograms/ml) fractionated extracts inhibited adenosine diphosphate (adf) induced platelet aggregation by 50%. inhibitory effects on collagen (0.18 mg/ml) and thrombin (0.7 u/ml) induced platelet aggregation were observed at doses of 0.18 +/- 0.65 microgram ... | 2002 | 12422627 |
| anti-bacterial activity of galega officinalis l. (goat's rue). | alcoholic extracts of goat's rue (galega officinalis l.; papilionaceae) were tested on gram +ve and gram -ve bacteria as the plant was claimed to hasten skin healing after surgery. ethanolic (60%) extract exhibited significant inhibition on growth of both gram +ve and gram -ve bacteria. | 2001 | 11483386 |
| inhibiting and disaggregating effect of gel-filtered galega officinalis l. herbal extract on platelet aggregation. | the in vitro inhibiting and disaggregating effect on platelet aggregation of a gel-fractionated herbal extract from galega officinalis l. is examined. the obtained sephadex g-25 filtered fraction was 35-36 times more active than the crude extract. the threshold concentration at which this fraction inhibits platelet aggregation (5-10% inhibition) by 50 microm adenosine 5'-diphosphate (adp) is 4.5-5 microg per 1 ml platelet-rich plasma (prp). at a concentration of 35 microg/ml prp the fraction inh ... | 2000 | 10722205 |
| acetylated and non-acetylated flavonol triglycosides from galega officinalis. | three flavonol triglycosides kaempferol 3-[2gal-(4-acetylrhamnosyl)robinobioside], kaempferol 3-(2gal-rhamnosylrobinobioside) and quercetin 3-(2g-rhamnosylrutinoside) have been isolated from a methanolic extract of galega officinalis aerial parts. they are reported for the first time in the genus galega; moreover, the acetylated triglycoside is a new natural product. | 2000 | 10705519 |
| novel weight-reducing activity of galega officinalis in mice. | galega officinalis (galega, goat's rue, french lilac) is well known for its hypoglycaemic action and has been used as part of a plant mixture in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. during pharmacological investigations of an ethanolic extract of a powdered mixture of equal proportions of g. officinalis, cressa cretica, mangifera indica and syzygium jambolanum, a weight reducing effect of galega was discovered. in this study we have investigated the novel weight reducing effect of galega in mice. ... | 1999 | 10632090 |
| inhibiting effect of desalted extract from galega officinalis l. on platelet aggregation. | the inhibiting and disaggregating effect of desalted and fractionated herbal extract of galega officinalis l. on platelet aggregation in vitro is studied. at a concentration of 35 micrograms/ml in a platelet-rich plasma (prp) the fraction inhibits 50% of aggregation by adp and at 125 micrograms/ml prp it inhibits fully the aggregation of prp by adp. at a concentration of 40 micrograms/ml prp the fraction inhibits the initiation of platelet aggregation by collagen and at 50 micrograms/ml prp inhi ... | 1999 | 10462920 |
| [metabolism of guanidine acetic acid in galega officinalis l]. | | 1969 | 5807402 |
| [guanidino-acetic acid as precursor of galegin in galega officinalis l]. | | 1967 | 5623941 |
| [on the variability of substances contained in the goat's rue (galega officinalis l.)]. | | 1967 | 5585866 |
| [on flavonoid composition of galega officinalis]. | | 1965 | 14348015 |
| [arginine as the first stage of galegine in galega officinalis l. on the biochemistry and physiology of galegine in galega officinalis l. iii]. | | 1963 | 14111561 |
| [isolation of peganine from goat's-rue, galega officinalis l]. | | 1962 | 13909257 |
| [isolation of a new guanidine derivative from goat's rue, galega officinalis l]. | | 1961 | 13738405 |
| [the galactogogue effect of galega officinalis]. | | 1961 | 13778893 |
| [new method of preparation of galegine from the seeds of galega officinalis]. | | 2016 | 14793557 |
| galuteolin, a new glucoside from galega officinalis. | | 1923 | 16743220 |