| arbovirus vector ecology studies in mexico during the 1972 venezuelan equine encephalitis outbreak. | virus vector studies were conducted in the states of durango, chihuahua, and tamaulipas, mexico, in june and july 1972. apparently only a low level of venzuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus transmission to equines occured at the time of the study, and the infection was restricted to areas which had not experienced overt activity during the preceding year. the low level of infection was associated with a scarcity of mosquitoes. the ib (epidemic) strain of vee virus was isolated from two pools ... | 1975 | 235213 |
| [genetic evidence of a species complex in anopheles pseudopunctipennis pseudopunctipennis]. | in light of inconsistencies in the pattern of malaria transmission within geographical areas inhabited by anopheles pseudopunctipennis pseudopunctipennis, a study was carried out to investigate the possibility that this vector constitutes a species complex. hybrid crossing studies, electrophoretic analysis of enzyme loci, and dna restriction analysis were conducted on mosquitoes captured at nine sites in mexico, bolivia, and peru. the sterility of generations resulting from cross-mating of mexic ... | 1992 | 1418630 |
| comparative use of bendiocarb and ddt to control anopheles pseudopunctipennis in a malarious area of mexico. | the state of sinaloa has one of the highest and most persistent malaria transmission levels in mexico. due to this situation, with resistance of the vector anopheles pseudopunctipennis theobald to ddt, the carbamate insecticide bendiocarb was evaluated as an alternative to ddt for residual house-spraying in village-scale trials during 1985-87. application rates of the active ingredient per square metre of sprayable surface (ai/m2) were 0.4 g bendiocarb 80% wettable powder (80wp) and 2 g ddt 75% ... | 1991 | 1768914 |
| observations on the flight and mating behavior of anopheles pseudopunctipennis under insectary conditions. | anopheles pseudopunctipennis showed a bimodal daily pattern in flight activity with the largest peak at 2000 h and the smaller one at 0400 h. in the first 10 days as adults, the maximum swarming activity was observed between 2-6 days of age. also, sexual encounters were registered at the same time interval. | 1991 | 1895093 |
| limnological and botanical characterization of larval habitats for two primary malarial vectors, anopheles albimanus and anopheles pseudopunctipennis, in coastal areas of chiapas state, mexico. | field surveys of mosquito breeding sites on the pacific coastal plain and foothill regions of southern chiapas, mexico, were carried out in the dry and wet seasons of 1988. at each site, selected environmental variables were measured or estimated, presence and percent cover of aquatic plants recorded, a water sample collected for subsequent analyses, and 10-30 dips made for mosquito larvae. logistic regression and discriminant analyses revealed that the occurrence of anopheles albimanus larvae i ... | 1990 | 2098467 |
| effect of indoor residual spraying of ddt and bendiocarb on the feeding patterns of anopheles pseudopunctipennis in mexico. | intense and persistent use of ddt for malaria control has increased resistance and induced exophilic behavior of anopheles pseudopunctipennis. an evaluation of bendiocarb and ddt to control this species in sinaloa, mexico, showed that, in spite of ddt-resistance, both insecticides produced similar effects. feeding patterns were analyzed to explain these results. resting mosquitoes were collected over the dry and wet seasons. anophelines were tested in an elisa to determine the source of the meal ... | 1990 | 2098469 |
| [anopheles pseudopunctipennis and its relation to malaria in the mexican republic. 1931]. | | 1989 | 2697098 |
| colonization of anopheles pseudopunctipennis in panama. | | 1971 | 5168248 |
| anopheles pseudopunctipennis: laboratory maintenance and malaria susceptibility of a strain from el salvador. | the techniques involved in the establishment of a strain of anopheles pseudopunctipennis pseudopunctipennis from el salvador, central america are presented. results of experimental susceptibility studies using coindigenous strains of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax as well as p. vivax from colombia indicated that this anopheline strain does not possess the biologic capability for malaria transmission. the usefulness of biological susceptibility data in establishing the vector status of anophe ... | 1980 | 6996500 |
| biochemical systematics and population genetic structure of anopheles pseudopunctipennis, vector of malaria in central and south america. | an electrophoretic survey of 42 populations of anopheles pseudopunctipennis collected throughout its known geographic distribution was performed to clarify the taxonomic status of this important malaria vector species. the results indicated strong differences in the allele frequencies of three enzyme loci (glycerol dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucomutase) of the 33 loci analyzed. no fixed electromorphic differences separate the populations of an. pseudopunctipenni ... | 1995 | 7485688 |
| bionomics of larval populations of anopheles pseudopunctipennis in the tapachula foothills area, southern mexico. | the population dynamics of anopheles pseudopunctipennis larvae were studied in a foothill region near tapachula, mexico. systematic surveillance of wet-season and dry-season habitats was conducted during 1990 and 1991. sampling along transects of the coatan river was employed to quantify habitat availability and population densities of larvae during the dry season. during the wet season, larvae were most abundant in temporary habitats, such as seepage springs, rain pools, and pools in stream and ... | 1994 | 7707050 |
| intradomicillary pre- and postfeeding behavior of anopheles pseudopunctipennis of southern mexico: implications for malaria control. | the intradomicillary pre- and postfeed resting behavior of anopheles pseudopunctipennis was studied in an experimental house in southern mexico. during resting periods (both pre-/postfeed) mosquitos had greater contact (landings) with the inner roof than with the walls and other surfaces. a comparison of mean landing frequency and overall resting time (pre-/postfeed) showed that a greater periodic and prolonged contact occurred prefeed, probably as a result of disturbed activity associated with ... | 1994 | 7807076 |
| peri-/intradomicillary behavior in relation to host-seeking of anopheles pseudopunctipennis in southern mexico. | peri-/intradomicillary resting and host-seeking behavior of anopheles pseudopunctipennis was studied in an experimental house (surrounded by a curtain-net) that had not been sprayed with insecticide. peak mosquito densities were recorded resting on vegetation 1 h earlier (1900-2000 h) than on the curtain-net, suggesting that a proportion of females prefer resting on adjacent vegetation prior to moving indoors. between 2000 and 2100 h there was a marked decrease in numbers of mosquitoes resting o ... | 1994 | 7807077 |
| characterization of anopheles pseudopunctipennis sensu lato from three countries of neotropical america from variation in allozymes and ribosomal dna. | enzyme electrophoresis and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of anopheles pseudopunctipennis sensu lato from nine isolated populations in neotropical america confirmed previous observations that it constitutes a species complex. electrophoretic studies showed fixed differences at two enzyme loci, glycerol dehydrogenase (gcd) and phosphoglucomutase (pgm), suggesting limited or no gene flow between populations from mexico and south america. in addition, analysis of genetic d ... | 1993 | 7904129 |
| bionomics of adult anopheles pseudopunctipennis (diptera: culicidae) in the tapachula foothills area of southern mexico. | field studies on the bionomics of adult anopheles pseudopunctipennis theobald were conducted to assess its relative importance as a primary vector of vivax malaria in southern mexico. in four malaria endemic villages in a foothill region near tapachula, mexico, population densities of a. pseudopunctipennis increased during the dry seasons of 1990 and 1991. the pattern of nocturnal host-seeking activity indoors was unimodal with a late night peak at 0100 hours enhancing its vectorial significance ... | 1994 | 7966168 |
| gonotrophic cycle and survivorship of anopheles pseudopunctipennis (diptera: culicidae) in the tapachula foothills of southern mexico. | mark-release-recapture experiments were conducted to determine the length of the gonotrophic cycle and survivorship of anopheles pseudopunctipennis theobald in the tapachula foothills of southern mexico. separate trials with wild-caught females were conducted in the early and late dry season to examine intraseasonal differences. the gonotrophic cycle of insectary-reared, nulliparous females was estimated during the late dry season. a total of 5.4-5.7% of marked females was recaptured. a 3-d gono ... | 1994 | 8057307 |
| host selection patterns of anopheles pseudopunctipennis under insecticide spraying situations in southern mexico. | studies of host selection patterns of anopheles pseudopunctipennis were conducted in villages in foothills near tapachula, mexico. based on 2 years of collections, 53.8 and 86.1% of all engorged females resting inside houses were found to contain human blood. estimates of weighted and unweighted human blood indices, including data from outdoor resting collections, varied from 29.5 to 54.7%. humans and dogs were the more common blood sources for all an. pseudopunctipennis mosquitoes, accounting f ... | 1993 | 8126470 |
| apparent changes in the abundance and distribution of anopheles species on grenada island. | results of a recent survey of the 3 species of anopheles mosquitoes, anopheles (nyssorhynchus) aquasalis, anopheles (nyssorhynchus) argyritarsis, and anopheles (anopheles) pseudopunctipennis, on the island of grenada are contrasted with the only other published survey of these species on grenada, which was published in 1938. results suggest that a significant change in the abundance and distribution of each species has occurred over this period. physical characteristics of the aquatic habitats f ... | 1993 | 8126473 |
| evidence through crossmating experiments of a species complex in anopheles pseudopunctipennis sensu lato: a primary malaria vector of the american continent. | crossmating experiments were conducted to determine if postmating reproductive barriers are involved in the maintenance of genetic divergence among populations of anopheles pseudopunctipennis sensu lato, a primary malaria vector of the american continent. reciprocal crosses were conducted between colony and wild strains from mexico, bolivia, and peru. hybridization experiments revealed unidirectional male/female hybrid sterility in crosses between mexican females and south american males. the da ... | 1993 | 8279641 |
| [effectiveness of a carbamate insecticide as a household low-volume spray for malaria control]. | a comparative regional-scale evaluation of the epidemiological impact of low volume (lv) spray of bendiocarb and the conventional spray of ddt against malaria in an endemic area of northern chiapas was carried out. three anopheline species were found: anopheles pseudopunctipennis, an. albinanus and an. argyritarsis. the most prevalent was an. pseudopunctipennis, a species we suspect may be involved in the transmission of most malaria cases. this species showed high levels of resistance to ddt. h ... | 1993 | 8470018 |
| predictions of malaria vector distribution in belize based on multispectral satellite data. | use of multispectral satellite data to predict arthropod-borne disease trouble spots is dependent on clear understandings of environmental factors that determine the presence of disease vectors. a blind test of remote sensing-based predictions for the spatial distribution of a malaria vector, anopheles pseudopunctipennis, was conducted as a follow-up to two years of studies on vector-environmental relationships in belize. four of eight sites that were predicted to be high probability locations f ... | 1996 | 8600771 |
| systematics of mosquito disease vectors (diptera, culicidae): impact of molecular biology and cladistic analysis. | the field of medical entomology, by nature of its association with problems of human health, has been conservative in its application of molecular and computer technologies to systematic research. recently, however, these methods have opened new interpretations for systematics of disease vectors. medically important insects, particularly mosquitoes, are among those more thoroughly described by conventional taxonomy, and thereby provide a secure framework for testing congruencies with molecular d ... | 1997 | 9017898 |
| differential susceptibilities of anopheles albimanus and anopheles pseudopunctipennis to infections with coindigenous plasmodium vivax variants vk210 and vk247 in southern mexico. | the susceptibilities to coindigenous plasmodium vivax of colonized anopheles albimanus and anopheles pseudopunctipennis from southern mexico were investigated by simultaneous feeding with infected blood obtained from patients. the genes encoding circumsporozoite protein variant types (vk210 and vk247) in blood samples were determined by pcr and oligonucleotide probe hybridization. a. albimanus was more susceptible to vk210, and a. pseudopunctipennis was more susceptible to vk247. | 1999 | 9864243 |
| the romanomermis iyengari parasite for anopheles pseudopunctipennis suppression in natural habitats in oaxaca state, mexico. | in september and november 1996 romanomermis iyengari welch, a parasite of larval mosquitoes, was released in 44 natural larval habitat sites of anopheles pseudopunctipennis theobald in an attempt to reduce the larval populations of this important malaria vector. the selected treatment sites ranged in size from 5 to 500 m2. the study was carried out in pochutla district of oaxaca state, on the pacific coast of mexico. chemical pesticides to reduce vector populations have been the principal tool i ... | 1999 | 10050611 |
| colonization of anopheles pseudopunctipennis from mexico. | two colonies of anopheles pseudopunctipennis, tapachula and abasolo strains, were established under laboratory conditions with a thermoperiod (29 degrees c during the day; 24 degrees c during the night) and artificial dusk. to stimulate mating, a light beam from a flashlight was shone on the cage shortly after lights off. this procedure was repeated for the first 6 mosquito generations (parental to f6) and thereafter light stimulation was unnecessary for mating. the tapachula colony has been mai ... | 1998 | 10084128 |
| selective and conventional house-spraying of ddt and bendiocarb against anopheles pseudopunctipennis in southern mexico. | indoor feeding behaviors and mortalities of anopheles pseudopunctipennis females were evaluated following contact with selective (bands covering mosquitoes' preferred resting areas) and full applications of ddt and bendiocarb on indoor sprayable surfaces. the ddt residues provoked strong avoidance behavior. to a lesser degree, mosquitoes were also repelled by bendiocarb-sprayed surfaces. because of strong irritancy/repellency, unfed mosquitoes were driven outdoors in proportionally higher number ... | 1998 | 10084135 |
| cytogenetic evidence for a species complex within anopheles pseudopunctipennis theobald (diptera: culicidae). | anopheles pseudopunctipennis was collected from acapulco, mexico and sallee river, grenada, west indies and used in cross-mating experiments. larvae from the cross, mexico female x grenada male, died in the third instar. however, adult progeny were obtained from the reciprocal cross grenada female x mexico male. these hybrid males had testes with apparently normal appearance but some without viable sperm. polytene chromosomes obtained from hybrid females exhibited extensive asynapsis of the x ch ... | 1999 | 10348242 |
| [the susceptibility of anopheles pseudopunctipennis larvae to parasitism by the nematode romanomermis iyengari (nematoda: mermithidae), the state of oaxaca, mexico]. | mosquito larvae of the species anopheles pseudopunctipennis theobald 1901 were studied under laboratory and field conditions to evaluate the level of susceptibility to the parasitism of nematode romanomermis iyengari welch 1964. doses of 5:1 and 10:1 and development stage ii larvae collected in natural reservoirs were used for the laboratory assays. a dose of 1,000 preparasitic agents/m2 was applied to field trials. the results of the lab and field tests yielded high levels of infestation in lar ... | 1998 | 10349443 |
| different prevalences of plasmodium vivax phenotypes vk210 and vk247 associated with the distribution of anopheles albimanus and anopheles pseudopunctipennis in mexico. | the geographic distribution of plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein phenotypes from patient blood used to infect colonized anopheles albimanus and an. pseudopunctipennis was investigated in southern mexico. parasite phenotype types were determined in blood samples by a polymerase chain reaction and oligoprobe hybridization or by immunofluorescent assay of sporozoites. the proportion of infected mosquitoes and the number of oocysts per mosquito confirmed previous in vitro observations indica ... | 2000 | 10761736 |
| insecticide susceptibility in anopheles pseudopunctipennis from colombia: comparison between bioassays and biochemical assays. | anopheles pseudopunctipennis, one of the primary vectors of malaria in the southwest of colombia, was evaluated for susceptibility to the 3 major insecticide groups (organophosphates, pyrethroids, and carbamates) by bioassay and biochemical assay. larval populations, which were collected principally from irrigation channels in agricultural areas, where the intensity of insecticide use varied, were utilized to establish susceptibility for the 1st time in this species. the baselines for each popul ... | 2000 | 11198920 |
| plasmodium vivax blood-stage dynamics. | we examine the dynamics of parasitemia and gametocytemia reflected in the preintervention charts of 221 malaria-naive u.s. neurosyphilis patients infected with the st. elizabeth strain of plasmodium vivax, for malariatherapy, focusing on the 109 charts for which 15 or more days of patency preceded intervention and daily records encompassed an average 98% of the duration of each infection. our approximations of merogony cycles (via "local peaks" in parasitemia) seldom fit patterns that correspond ... | 2002 | 12099421 |
| ethological changes in anopheles pseudopunctipennis in mexico after prolonged use of ddt. | | 1964 | 14203509 |
| anopheles (anopheles) pseudopunctipennis theobald (diptera: culicidae): neotype designation and description. | detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided for the adult male and female, male genitalia, pupal, and larval stages of anopheles (anopheles) pseudopunctipennis theobald, a major vector of human malaria in central and south america. taxonomic and related literature records, diagnostic features, distribution, and bionomics of the species are included. a neotype male for the species from the type locality of grenada is designated. | 2004 | 14989341 |
| plasmodium berghei ookinetes induce nitric oxide production in anopheles pseudopunctipennis midguts cultured in vitro. | the anopheles pseudopunctipennis nitric oxide synthase gene (apnos) was identified and its partial sequence showed high homology with nos from a. stephensi, a. gambiae (putative sequence), and drosophila melanogaster. apnos was mainly expressed in male and female adult mosquitoes and was induced by a blood meal. nitric oxide (no) was produced by in vitro-cultured mosquito midguts inoculated by enema with plasmodium berghei ookinetes, saccharomyces cerevisiae, gram-positive bacteria (micrococcus ... | 2004 | 15350609 |
| population control of the malaria vector anopheles pseudopunctipennis by habitat manipulation. | insect vector-borne diseases continue to present a major challenge to human health. understanding the factors that regulate the size of mosquito populations is considered fundamental to the ability to predict disease transmission rates and for vector population control. the mosquito, anopheles pseudopunctipennis, a vector of plasmodium spp., breeds in riverside pools containing filamentous algae in mesoamerica. breeding pools along 3 km sections of the river coatan, chiapas, mexico were subjecte ... | 2004 | 15475337 |
| genetic diversity of plasmodium vivax isolates from azerbaijan. | plasmodium vivax, although causing a less serious disease than plasmodium falciparum, is the most widespread of the four human malarial species. further to the recent recrudescence of p. vivax cases in the newly independent states (nis) of central asia, a survey on the genetic diversity and dissemination in azerbaijan was undertaken. azerbaijan is at the crossroads of asia and, as such, could see a rise in the number of cases, although an effective malaria control programme has been established ... | 2004 | 15535878 |
| clustered local transmission and asymptomatic plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax malaria infections in a recently emerged, hypoendemic peruvian amazon community. | there is a low incidence of malaria in iquitos, peru, suburbs detected by passive case-detection. this low incidence might be attributable to infections clustered in some households/regions and/or undetected asymptomatic infections. | 2005 | 15975146 |
| [spatial distribution of anopheles pseudopunctipennis in the yungas de salta rainforest, argentina]. | to compare the abundance of anopheles pseudopunctipennis and other anopheline mosquitoes in three different wild areas, modified by human activities, and to verify how environmental differences affect the spatial distribution of these mosquitoes. | 2005 | 16113905 |
| life-table analysis of anopheles malaria vectors: generational mortality as tool in mosquito vector abundance and control studies. | vector control will for sometime remain a primary weapon in the war against vector borne diseases. malaria is of paramount importance in this with its associated high morbidity and mortality especially in sub-saharan africa. this study on generational mortality associated factors in anopheles mosquitoes life-table analysis was designed to investigate the fecundity, levels of mortality and mortality associated factors at the aquatic stages of anopheline malaria vectors. | 2005 | 16161700 |
| characterization of a novel strain of bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis is a well-known species of entomopathogenic bacteria that is widely used as a biopesticide against many insect pests. insecticidal proteins, coded for by genes located in plasmids, form typical parasporal, crystalline inclusions during sporulation. in this report, an unusual strain of b. thuringiensis subserovar oyamensis (lbit-113), isolated from living larvae of anopheles pseudopunctipennis in mexico, was characterized by its ultrastructure, the protein composition of it ... | 1996 | 16535294 |
| plasmodium vivax: impaired escape of vk210 phenotype ookinetes from the midgut blood bolus of anopheles pseudopunctipennis. | the site in the midguts of anopheles pseudopunctipennis where the development of plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein vk210 phenotype is blocked was investigated, and compared to its development in an. albimanus. ookinete development was similar in time and numbers within the blood meal bolus of both mosquito species. but, compared to an. pseudopunctipennis, a higher proportion of an. albimanus were infected (p=0.0001) with higher ookinete (p=0.0001) and oocyst numbers (p=0.0001) on their i ... | 2007 | 16875689 |
| [breeding places and biting activity of anopheles species in the municipality of cimitarra, santander, colombia]. | forty five percent of malaria cases in the department of santander, colombia originate in the municipality of cimitarra. this locality has reported cases from the rural and urban areas. the population between 15 and 45 years of age is the most affected. additionally, cimitarra has registered malaria cases in children under 1 year of age. | 2006 | 16925099 |
| genetic structures of geographically distinct plasmodium vivax populations assessed by pcr/rflp analysis of the merozoite surface protein 3beta gene. | the recent resurgence of plasmodium vivax malaria requires close epidemiological surveillance and monitoring of the circulating parasite populations. in this study, we developed a combination of polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr/rflp) method to investigate the genetic diversity of the p. vivax merozoite surface protein 3beta (pvmsp3beta) gene among four asian parasite populations representing both tropical and temperate strains with dramatic divergent re ... | 2006 | 17129568 |
| effect of novaluron (rimon 10 ec) on the mosquitoes anopheles albimanus, anopheles pseudopunctipennis, aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus and culex quinquefasciatus from chiapas, mexico. | dengue fever is a serious problem in mexico and vector control has not been effective enough at preventing outbreaks. malaria is largely under control, but it is important that new control measures continue to be developed. novaluron, a novel host-specific insect growth regulator and chitin synthesis inhibitor, has proved to be effective against agricultural pests, but its efficacy against larval mosquito vectors under field conditions remains unknown. in accordance with the world health organiz ... | 2006 | 17199749 |
| host choice and human blood index of anopheles pseudopunctipennis in a village of the andean valleys of bolivia. | the human blood index (hbi, proportion of bloodmeals of a mosquito population obtained from man) is relevant to epidemiological assessment and to the modification of measures to interrupt malaria transmission since the vectorial capacity of the vector varies as the square of the hbi. anopheles pseudopunctipennis is a main malaria vector in south america. unfortunately, few data exist concerning hbi values in its range of distribution and none from bolivia where this species is considered as an i ... | 2007 | 17241459 |
| impact of environmental manipulation for anopheles pseudopunctipennis theobald control on aquatic insect communities in southern mexico. | extraction of filamentous algae from river pools is highly effective for the control of anophelespseudopunctipennis in southern mexico. we determined the magnitude of changes to the aquatic insect community following single annual perturbations performed over two years. in 2001, algae were manually removed from all the pools in a 3 km long section of the river coatán, mexico, while an adjacent section was left as an untreated control. in 2002, the treatments of both zones were switched and algal ... | 2007 | 17633425 |
| optimization of a semi-nested multiplex pcr to identify plasmodium parasites in wild-caught anopheles in bolivia, and its application to field epidemiological studies. | without an adequate dna extraction protocol, the identification of plasmodium species in whole mosquitoes by pcr is difficult because of the presence of reaction inhibitors from the insects. in this study, eight dna extraction protocols were tested, from which a chelex-based protocol was selected. then a semi-nested multiplex pcr technique that detects and distinguishes among the four human plasmodium species in single mosquitoes and in pools of up to 100 mosquitoes was optimized. the technique ... | 2008 | 18358508 |
| local adaptation and vector-mediated population structure in plasmodium vivax malaria. | plasmodium vivax in southern mexico exhibits different infectivities to 2 local mosquito vectors, anopheles pseudopunctipennis and anopheles albimanus. previous work has tied these differences in mosquito infectivity to variation in the central repeat motif of the malaria parasite's circumsporozoite (csp) gene, but subsequent studies have questioned this view. here we present evidence that p. vivax in southern mexico comprised 3 genetic populations whose distributions largely mirror those of the ... | 2008 | 18385220 |
| fundamental issues in mosquito surveillance for arboviral transmission. | marked spatiotemporal variabilities in mosquito infection of arboviruses, exemplified by the transmission of west nile virus (wnv) in america, require adaptive strategies for mosquito sampling, pool screening and data analyses. currently there is a lack of reliable and consistent measures of risk exposure, which may compromise comparison of surveillance data. based on quantitative reasoning, we critically examined fundamental issues regarding mosquito sampling design and estimation of transmissi ... | 2008 | 18466940 |
| a physiological time analysis of the duration of the gonotrophic cycle of anopheles pseudopunctipennis and its implications for malaria transmission in bolivia. | the length of the gonotrophic cycle varies the vectorial capacity of a mosquito vector and therefore its exact estimation is important in epidemiological modelling. because the gonotrophic cycle length depends on temperature, its estimation can be satisfactorily computed by means of physiological time analysis. | 2008 | 18655724 |
| rapid suppression of onchocerca volvulus transmission in two communities of the southern chiapas focus, mexico, achieved by quarterly treatments with mectizan. | the impact of quarterly mectizan (ivermectin) treatments on transmission, microfiladermia, and ocular lesions was evaluated in two formerly hyperendemic communities (las golondrinas and las nubes ii) located in the main endemic focus for onchocerciasis in southern chiapas, mexico. the data suggest that onchocerca volvulus transmission has been suppressed after elimination of microfiladermia in these two communities. increasing the frequency of mectizan treatment to four times per year appears to ... | 2008 | 18689630 |
| species composition and distribution of adult anopheles (diptera: culicidae) in panama. | anopheles (diptera: culicidae) species composition and distribution were studied using human landing catch data over a 35-yr period in panama. mosquitoes were collected from 77 sites during 228 field trips carried out by members of the national malaria eradication service. fourteen anopheles species were identified. the highest average human biting rates were recorded from anopheles (nyssorhynchus) albimanus (wiedemann) (9.8 bites/person/night) and anopheles (anopheles) punctimacula (dyar and kn ... | 2008 | 18826025 |
| malaria transmission in two localities in north-western argentina. | malaria is one of the most important tropical diseases that affects people globally. the influence of environmental conditions in the patterns of temporal distribution of malaria vectors and the disease has been studied in different countries. in the present study, ecological aspects of the malaria vector anopheles (anopheles) pseudopunctipennis and their relationship with climatic variables, as well as the seasonality of malaria cases, were studied in two localities, el oculto and aguas blancas ... | 2009 | 19152707 |
| a supervised land cover classification of a western kenya lowland endemic for human malaria: associations of land cover with larval anopheles habitats. | a supervised land cover classification was developed from very high resolution ikonos satellite data and extensive ground truth sampling of a ca. 10 sq km malaria-endemic lowland in western kenya. the classification was then applied to an investigation of distribution of larval anopheles habitats. the hypothesis was that the distribution and abundance of aquatic habitats of larvae of various species of mosquitoes in the genus anopheles is associated with identifiable landscape features. | 2009 | 19371425 |
| ethical, legal and social aspects of the approach in sudan. | the global malaria situation, especially in africa, and the problems frequently encountered in chemical control of vectors such as insecticide resistance, emphasize the urgency of research, development and implementation of new vector control technologies that are applicable at regional and local levels. the successful application of the sterile insect technique (sit) for the control of the new world screwworm cochliomyia hominivorax and several species of fruit flies has given impetus to the us ... | 2009 | 19917073 |
| population structure analyses and demographic history of the malaria vector anopheles albimanus from the caribbean and the pacific regions of colombia. | anopheles albimanus is an important malaria vector in some areas throughout its distribution in the caribbean and the pacific regions of colombia, covering three biogeographic zones of the neotropical region, maracaibo, magdalena and chocó. | 2009 | 19922672 |
| sugar deprivation reduces insemination of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae), despite daily recruitment of adults, and predicts decline in model populations. | our research tests the hypothesis that the inability to sugar-feed reduces the insemination rate in mosquito populations. to test this, we measured the effects of sugar availability on cumulative insemination performance of male anopheles gambiae giles s.s. (diptera: culicidae) during 10-d periods of continual emergence of equal numbers of both sexes, and we evaluated the implications at the population level with a matrix population model. on each day of each of four replicates, 20 newly emerged ... | 2009 | 19960677 |
| species composition and natural infectivity of anthropophilic anopheles (diptera: culicidae) in the states of córdoba and antioquia, northwestern colombia. | malaria is a serious health problem in the states of córdoba and antioquia, northwestern colombia, where 64.4% of total colombian cases were reported in 2007. because little entomological information is available in this region, the aim of this work was to identify the anopheles species composition and natural infectivity of mosquitoes distributed in seven localities with highest malaria transmission. a total of 1,768 anopheles mosquitoes were collected using human landing catches from march 200 ... | 2009 | 20140372 |
| sequence variation of ookinete surface proteins pvs25 and pvs28 of plasmodium vivax isolates from southern mexico and their association to local anophelines infectivity. | the polymorphism of pvs25 and pvs28 ookinete surface proteins, their association to circumsporozoite protein repeat (cspr) genotypes (vk210 and vk247) and their infectivity to local anopheles albimanus and anopheles pseudopunctipennis were investigated in plasmodium vivax-infected blood samples obtained from patients in southern mexico. the pvs25 and pvs28 complete genes were amplified, cloned and sequenced; and the cspr genotype was determined by pcr amplification and hybridization. the amino a ... | 2010 | 20363376 |
| abundance patterns of anopheles pseudopunctipennis and anopheles argyritarsis in northwestern argentina. | anopheles pseudopunctipennis is an important malaria vector in argentina but the role of anopheles argyritarsis in the transmission of the parasite is still unknown. abundance patterns of both species and their relationship to climatic variables were studied in the subtropical mountainous forest in northwestern argentina. adults were collected with cdc light traps from september 2002 to november 2005 in salta (northern area) and tucumán (southern area) provinces, from 3 localities in each provin ... | 2010 | 20398619 |
| incrimination of the mosquito, aedes taeniorhynchus, as the primary vector of heartworm, dirofilaria immitis, in coastal yucatan, mexico. | mosquito collections were carried out on microfilaraemic dogs, positive for dirofilaria sp., for 18 consecutive nights in the coastal town of celestún, yucatan, southeast mexico, during the rainy season (august) of 2007. a total of 292 female mosquitoes representing 12 species of dipteran culicidae were collected: anopheles albimanus (wiedemann); anopheles crucians (wiedemann); anopheles pseudopunctipennis (theobald); culex coronator (dyar & knab); culex interrogator (dyar & knab); culex nigripa ... | 2010 | 20572932 |
| plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite genotypes: a limited variation or new subspecies with major biological consequences? | plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite variants have been identified in several geographical areas. the real implication of the genetic variation in this region of the p. vivax genome has been questioned for a long time. although previous studies have observed significant association between vk210 and the duffy blood group, we present here that evidences of this variation are limited to the csp central portion. | 2010 | 20573199 |
| prevalence of plasmodium vivax vk210 and vk247 subtype in myanmar. | plasmodium vivax is divided into two subtypes, a dominant form, vk210 and a variant form, vk247. this division is dependent on the amino acid composition of the circumsporozoite (cs) protein. in this study, the prevalence of the vk247 variant form of p. vivax was investigated in myanmar. | 2010 | 20615261 |
| the dominant anopheles vectors of human malaria in the americas: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic précis. | abstract: | 2010 | 20712879 |
| naturally occurring triggers that induce apoptosis-like programmed cell death in plasmodium berghei ookinetes. | several protozoan parasites have been shown to undergo a form of programmed cell death that exhibits morphological features associated with metazoan apoptosis. these include the rodent malaria parasite, plasmodium berghei. malaria zygotes develop in the mosquito midgut lumen, forming motile ookinetes. up to 50% of these exhibit phenotypic markers of apoptosis; as do those grown in culture. we hypothesised that naturally occurring signals induce many ookinetes to undergo apoptosis before midgut t ... | 2010 | 20844583 |
| Gene clusters located on two large plasmids determine spore crystal association (SCA) in Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. finitimus strain YBT-020. | Crystals in Bacillus thuringiensis are usually formed in the mother cell compartment during sporulation and are separated from the spores after mother cell lysis. In a few strains, crystals are produced inside the exosporium and are associated with the spores after sporulation. This special phenotype, named 'spore crystal association' (SCA), typically occurs in B. thuringiensis subsp. finitimus. Our aim was to identify genes determining the SCA phenotype in B. thuringiensis subsp. finitimus stra ... | 2011 | 22076131 |
| epidemiology and control of malaria in colombia. | malaria is currently one of the most serious public health problems in colombia with an endemic/epidemic transmission pattern that has maintained endemic levels and an average of 105,000 annual clinical cases being reported over the last five years. plasmodium vivax accounts for approximately 70% of reported cases with the remainder attributed almost exclusively to plasmodium falciparum. a limited number of severe and complicated cases have resulted in mortality, which is a downward trend that h ... | 2011 | 21881765 |
| malaria vector species in colombia: a review. | here we present a comprehensive review of the literature on the vectorial importance of the major anopheles malaria vectors in colombia. we provide basic information on the geographical distribution, altitudinal range, immature habitats, adult behaviour, feeding preferences and anthropophily, endophily and infectivity rates. we additionally review information on the life cycle, longevity and population fluctuation of colombian anopheles species. emphasis was placed on the primary vectors that ha ... | 2011 | 21881778 |
| ecology of anopheles darlingi root with respect to vector importance: a review. | anopheles darlingi is one of the most important malaria vectors in the americas. in this era of new tools and strategies for malaria and vector control it is essential to have knowledge on the ecology and behavior of vectors in order to evaluate appropriateness and impact of control measures. this paper aims to provide information on the importance, ecology and behavior of an. darlingi. it reviews publications that addressed ecological and behavioral aspects that are important to understand the ... | 2011 | 21923902 |
| [twenty-year surveillance of insects relevant to public health during the construction of hydroelectric facilities in antioquia, colombia]. | entomological studies conducted in large hydroelectric infrastructure projects are a tool for the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases. these diseases emerge as a consequence of changes made to the terrain that often increase the natural and artificial mosquito larval habitats. many of these insects are of public health importance and population increases result in an increased risk of disease transmission. | 2012 | 23715181 |
| abstracts of the fourth international symposium on molecular insect science. may 28-june 2, 2002. tucson, arizona, usa. | | 2002 | 15455051 |
| surveillance of arthropod vector-borne infectious diseases using remote sensing techniques: a review. | epidemiologists are adopting new remote sensing techniques to study a variety of vector-borne diseases. associations between satellite-derived environmental variables such as temperature, humidity, and land cover type and vector density are used to identify and characterize vector habitats. the convergence of factors such as the availability of multi-temporal satellite data and georeferenced epidemiological data, collaboration between remote sensing scientists and biologists, and the availabilit ... | 2007 | 17967056 |
| urban mosquito fauna in mérida city, méxico: immatures collected from containers and storm-water drains/catch basins. | we examined the species composition and temporal occurrence of immature mosquitoes in containers and storm-water drains/catch basins from november 2011 to june 2013 in mérida city, méxico. a wide range of urban settings were examined, including residential premises, vacant lots, parking lots, and streets or sidewalks with storm-water drains/catch basins. in total, 111,776 specimens of 15 species were recorded. the most commonly collected species were aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) (n = 60,961) a ... | 0 | 25429168 |
| comparative studies on the stenogamous and eurygamous behavior of eight anopheles species of the hyrcanus group (diptera: culicidae) in thailand. | establishment of laboratory colony is essential for mosquito-borne-disease research. mating behavior of stenogamous anopheles peditaeniatus and seven eurygamous species (anopheles argyropus, anopheles crawfordi, anopheles nigerrimus, anopheles nitidus, anopheles paraliae (=an. lesteri), anopheles pursati and anopheles sinensis), were investigated and compared in this study. the self-mating success of adult mosquitoes in different size cages at two density resting surface (drs) values, 3.6 and 7. ... | 2016 | 27023618 |
| does autocthonous primary production influence oviposition by aedes japonicus japonicus (diptera: culicidae) in container habitats? | aedes (finlaya) japonicus japonicus (theobald) (diptera: culicidae) is recently invasive in north america and has expanded its range rapidly since 1998. throughout its native and expanded range, ae. j. japonicus larvae are commonly observed in many types of natural and artificial water-filled containers that vary in organic matter content and exposure to sunlight. larvae are most often found in containers with decaying leaf material or algae, and we postulated that the added autocthonous primary ... | 0 | 23427654 |
| plasmodium vivax and mansonella ozzardi co-infection in north-western argentina. | a case of co-infection with plasmodium vivax and mansonella ozzardi was detected in a blood sample from a person who had shown symptoms of malaria and lived in a city that was close to the argentina/bolivia border. the case was detected during a random revision of thick and thin smears from patients diagnosed with malaria from various towns and cities located in north-western argentina between 1983 and 2001. trophozoites of p. vivax were observed in the thin blood smear along with m. ozzardi mic ... | 2013 | 23866313 |
| diversity of mosquitoes and the aquatic insects associated with their oviposition sites along the pacific coast of mexico. | the abundance, richness and diversity of mosquitoes and aquatic insects associated with their oviposition sites were surveyed along eight states of the pacific coast of mexico. diversity was estimated using the shannon index (h'), similarity measures and cluster analysis. | 2014 | 24450800 |
| molecular taxonomy provides new insights into anopheles species of the neotropical arribalzagia series. | phylogenetic analysis of partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit i (coi) and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) sequences were used to evaluate initial identification and to investigate phylogenetic relationships of seven anopheles morphospecies of the arribalzagia series from colombia. phylogenetic trees recovered highly supported clades for an. punctimaculas.s., an. calderoni, an. malefactor s.l., an. neomaculipalpus, an. apicimacula s.l., an. mattogrossensis and an. perya ... | 2015 | 25774795 |
| abundance, behavior and entomological inoculation rates of anthropophilic anophelines from a primary colombian malaria endemic area. | in colombia for several years, the urabá-bajo cauca and alto sinú region has registered the highest numbers of malaria cases in the country. malaria vector incrimination and the characterization of entomological parameters will allow for a better understanding of malaria transmission dynamics and the design of effective vector control strategies for this region. | 2013 | 23497535 |
| diversification of the genus anopheles and a neotropical clade from the late cretaceous. | the anopheles genus is a member of the culicidae family and consists of approximately 460 recognized species. the genus is composed of 7 subgenera with diverse geographical distributions. despite its huge medical importance, a consensus has not been reached on the phylogenetic relationships among anopheles subgenera. we assembled a comprehensive dataset comprising the coi, coii and 5.8s rrna genes and used maximum likelihood and bayesian inference to estimate the phylogeny and divergence times o ... | 2015 | 26244561 |
| mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of anophelines and their association with resistance to pyrethroids - a review. | constant and extensive use of chemical insecticides has created a selection pressure and favored resistance development in many insect species worldwide. one of the most important pyrethroid resistance mechanisms is classified as target site insensitivity, due to conformational changes in the target site that impair a proper binding of the insecticide molecule. the voltage-gated sodium channel (nav) is the target of pyrethroids and ddt insecticides, used to control insects of medical, agricultur ... | 2014 | 25292318 |
| is there malaria transmission in urban settings in colombia? | colombia contributes a significant proportion of malaria cases in the americas, which are predominantly rural. however, in the last 8 years ~ 10 % of the endemic municipalities have also reported urban and peri-urban malaria cases, a growing concern for health authorities. this study focused on the characterization of the officially reported urban malaria cases. | 2015 | 26573620 |
| insecticide resistance in areas under investigation by the international centers of excellence for malaria research: a challenge for malaria control and elimination. | scale-up of the main vector control interventions, residual insecticides sprayed on walls or structures and/or impregnated in bed nets, together with prompt diagnosis and effective treatment, have led to a global reduction in malaria transmission. however, resistance in vectors to almost all classes of insecticides, particularly to the synthetic pyrethroids, is posing a challenge to the recent trend of declining malaria. ten international centers of excellence for malaria research (icemr) locate ... | 2015 | 26259947 |
| a study on relapse/re-infection rate of plasmodium vivax malaria and identification of the predominant genotypes of p. vivax in two endemic districts of nepal. | malaria is a major public health problem in nepal inflicted primarily by the parasite plasmodium vivax, - the only species responsible for relapse cases in nepal. knowledge on its relapse rate is important for successful malaria control, but is lacking in nepal. the information on circulating predominant genotypes of p. vivax is equally relevant for high endemic districts of nepal to understand the transmission dynamics of the parasite and to uncover the coverage and efficacy of potential vaccin ... | 2013 | 24041296 |
| larval habitat characteristics of the main malaria vectors in the most endemic regions of colombia: potential implications for larval control. | malaria incidence has recently decreased globally and, as malaria elimination is envisioned as a possibility by the health authorities, guidance is needed to strengthen malaria control strategies. larval source treatment, which could complement routine vector control strategies, requires knowledge regarding the anopheles larval habitats. | 2015 | 26620401 |
| anopheles species composition explains differences in plasmodium transmission in la guajira, northern colombia. | malaria in la guajira, the most northern state of colombia, shows two different epidemiological patterns. malaria is endemic in the municipality of dibulla whereas in riohacha it is characterised by sporadic outbreaks. this study aimed to establish whether differences in transmission patterns could be attributed to different vector species. the most abundant adult female species were anopheles aquasalis, exclusive to riohacha, and anopheles darlingi, restricted to dibulla. anopheles mosquitoes w ... | 0 | 25411002 |
| population dynamics. | this chapter reviews aspects of population dynamics that may be conceptually important for biological control of mosquitoes. density dependent population regulation among immature stages has important implications for biological control of mosquito populations, primarily because it can lead to compensatory or overcompensatory mortality due to additions of a biological control agent. this can result in control efforts leading to no change in the target population, or actual increases in the targe ... | 0 | 17853611 |
| the effect of parental rearing conditions on offspring life history in anopheles stephensi. | the environmental conditions experienced by parents are increasingly recognized to impact the success of offspring. little is known on the presence of such parental effects in anopheles. if present, parental effects could influence mosquito breeding programmes, some malaria control measures and have epidemiological and evolutionary consequences. | 2007 | 17892562 |
| mosquito vectors of ape malarias: another piece of the puzzle. | | 2016 | 27118843 |
| spatial distributions of anopheles species in relation to malaria incidence at 70 localities in the highly endemic northwest and south pacific coast regions of colombia. | a proper identification of malaria vectors is essential for any attempt to control this disease. between 40 and 47 anopheles species have been recorded in colombia, and eight species complexes have been identified in the last decade. an update of anopheles species distribution and its relationship with malaria is required, particularly for newly identified members of species complexes. | 2016 | 27515166 |
| larval habitat characterization of anopheles darlingi from its northernmost geographical distribution in chiapas, mexico. | anopheles darlingi is considered the most efficient malaria vector in the neotropical region. in mexico, its role as an incriminated vector of plasmodium has not been confirmed in the lacandon forest. similarly, knowledge about bionomic and larval ecology is scarce. the study aim was to identify and describe the larval habitats of an. darlingi in chiapas, méxico. | 2015 | 26693816 |
| efficacy and non-target impact of spinosad, bti and temephos larvicides for control of anopheles spp. in an endemic malaria region of southern mexico. | the larvicidal efficacy of the naturally derived insecticide spinosad, for control of immature stages of anopheles albimanus and associated culicids, was compared to that of synthetic and biological larvicides. effects on non-target insects were also determined. | 2014 | 24479683 |
| determination of nitric oxide metabolites, nitrate and nitrite, in anopheles culicifacies mosquito midgut and haemolymph by anion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography: plausible mechanism of refractoriness. | the diverse physiological and pathological role of nitric oxide in innate immune defenses against many intra and extracellular pathogens, have led to the development of various methods for determining nitric oxide (no) synthesis. no metabolites, nitrite (no2-) and nitrate (no3-) are produced by the action of an inducible anopheles culicifacies no synthase (acnos) in mosquito mid-guts and may be central to anti-parasitic arsenal of these mosquitoes. | 2008 | 18442373 |
| comparison of transmission parameters between anopheles argyritarsis and anopheles pseudopunctipennis in two ecologically different localities of bolivia. | anopheles (anopheles) pseudopunctipennis is a recognized malaria vector in the slopes of the andes of bolivia. there, other species might be involved in malaria transmission and one candidate could be anopheles argyritarsis. although it is generally admitted that this species is not a malaria vector in the neotropical region, its potential role in transmission is still controversial and this situation has to be cleared, at least for bolivia. comparing the vectorial efficiency of an. pseudopuncti ... | 2013 | 23941216 |
| new highland distribution records of multiple anopheles species in the ecuadorian andes. | several recent climate change reviews have stressed the possibility of some malaria vectors occupying regions of higher altitudes than previously recorded. indeed, highland malaria has been observed in several african nations, possibly attributable to changes in land use, vector control and local climate. this study attempts to expand the current knowledge of the distribution of common anopheles species in ecuador, with particular attention to highland regions (> 500 m) of the andes. | 2011 | 21835004 |
| mermithid nematodes found in adult anopheles from southeastern senegal. | over two dozen mermithid nematodes have been described parasitizing mosquitoes worldwide, however, only two species were found in africa. mermithid nematodes kill their mosquito host upon emergence, which suggests that they could be developed as biological control agents of mosquitoes. both romanomermis culicivorax and romanomermis iyengari have been reared for mass release to control numerous anopheles species vector populations, and in one instance this may have led to reduced malaria prevalen ... | 2012 | 22741946 |
| land cover, land use and malaria in the amazon: a systematic literature review of studies using remotely sensed data. | the nine countries sharing the amazon forest accounted for 89% of all malaria cases reported in the americas in 2008. remote sensing can help identify the environmental determinants of malaria transmission and their temporo-spatial evolution. seventeen studies characterizing land cover or land use features, and relating them to malaria in the amazon subregion, were identified. these were reviewed in order to improve the understanding of the land cover/use class roles in malaria transmission. the ... | 2013 | 23758827 |
| malaria in highlands of ecuador since 1900. | a recent epidemic of malaria in the highlands of bolivia and establishment of multiple anopheles species mosquitoes in the highlands of ecuador highlights the reemergence of malaria in the andes mountains in south america. because malaria was endemic to many highland valleys at the beginning of the 20th century, this review outlines the 20th century history of malaria in the highlands of ecuador, and focuses on its incidence (e.g., geographic distribution) and elimination from the northern highl ... | 0 | 22469234 |
| larval habitat associations with human land uses, roads, rivers, and land cover for anopheles albimanus, a. pseudopunctipennis, and a. punctimacula (diptera: culicidae) in coastal and highland ecuador. | larval habitat for three highland anopheles species: anopheles albimanus wiedemann, anopheles pseudopunctipennis theobald, and anopheles punctimacula dyar and knab was related to human land uses, rivers, roads, and remotely sensed land cover classifications in the western ecuadorian andes. of the five commonly observed human land uses, cattle pasture (n = 30) provided potentially suitable habitat for a. punctimacula and a. albimanus in less than 14% of sites, and was related in a principal compo ... | 2012 | 22454623 |
| malaria knowledge, concern, land management, and protection practices among land owners and/or managers in lowland versus highland ecuador. | to control malaria effectively, it is essential to understand the current knowledge, beliefs, concerns, land management practices, and mosquito bite protection methods in use by citizens. this study presents a comparative, quantitative, interview-based study of land owners and/or managers (n = 262) in the ecuadorian lowlands (presently considered malarious) (n = 131) and highlands (potentially malarious in the future) (n = 131). although respondents had a strong understanding of where the diseas ... | 2012 | 22363897 |