| [pathologic changes in the lungs of deer spontaneously infected with nematodes from the protostrongylidae family]. | lungs of 30 animals of the red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) attacked by parasitic helminths were submitted to a histological examination, and the changes which were caused by the nematodes of protostrongylidae family were estimated. the lungworm varestrongylus sagittatus (mueller, 1891) creates hatching tubercles of a dark-red or yellow-green and even ochre colour. the lobular catarrhal bronchopneumonia is a histological correlate. in hatching tubercles there are located adult nematodes, ov ... | 1991 | 1771735 |
| conservation of a 31-bp bovine subrepeat in centromeric satellite dna monomers of cervus elaphus and other cervid species. | a centromeric satellite dna clone was isolated from the genome of the european red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) and designated ce-pst1. this clone was localized to the centromeric region of all red deer chromosomes with the exception of a single pair of metacentric autosomes and the y chromosome. dna sequence analysis of the 806-bp ce-pst1 clone showed 73.0-78.9% sequence homology to four previously isolated cervid centromeric satellite dna clones, suggesting that the ce-pst1 clone is yet a ... | 1996 | 8889241 |
| sperm collection from shot red deer stags (cervus elaphus) and the utilisation of sperm frozen and subsequently thawed. | sperm samples were collected from the epididymides of 11 hunter-killed stags (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) within 2 to 17 h post mortem in september 1991. progressively motile spermatozoa were diluted and deep-frozen in tris-yolk extender by a procedure routinely used for bovine semen. the pre-freezing motility of spermatozoa from 6 stags was higher than 80%, while the sperm of 5 animals was found to be unsuitable for dilution. in the post-thawed sperm of six stags 40-50% of the spermatozoa showe ... | 1999 | 10344086 |
| basic hematological values in some wild ruminants in captivity. | analyses of hematological parameters were carried out on eight axis deer (cervus axis), 12 fallow deer (cervus dama), 16 red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus), three sambar (cervus unicolor), nine père david deer (elaphurus davidianus), 20 european bison (bison bonasus), seven nilgai (boselaphus tragocamelus), eight mouflon (ovis musimon), four white-bearded gnu (connochaetes taurinus) and six barbary sheep (ammotragus lervia). the following parameters were determined: packed cell volume, hemogl ... | 1999 | 10629960 |
| [treatment of oestriasis and hypodermosis in red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) and roe deer (capreolus c. capreolus) with ivermectin (ivomec)]. | in two test areas in austria (burgenland, lower austria) ivermectin has been used to control oestrinosis and hypodermosis in red- and roe deer since many years (1985 and 1987, respectively). the results until 1992, using the injectable solution ivomec-injection 1% only, have been reported (kutzer, 1994). in continuation of these tests ivomec-praemix 0.6% was examined and it turned out that the treatment was extremely successful. in practice ivomec-praemix 0.6% has to be given preference due to i ... | 2000 | 10816915 |
| a zoletil-rompun mixture as an alternative to the use of opioids for immobilization of feral red deer. | sixty chemical immobilizations of red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) have been carried out during an etho-ecological study from august 1994 to december 1996 in a 35 ha pen in the district of nitra (slovac republic). our objective was to determine the efficacy and standard dosages of zoletil and rompun for the immobilization of adult red deer in feral conditions as an alternative to the use of the highly toxic opioids. we therefore compared an immobilon-rompun combination (imro) with a 1:1 mix ... | 2000 | 11085427 |
| paratuberculosis in red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) in the western alps. | during the hunting seasons 1995-96 to 1997-98, 19 red deer from the upper susa valley (cottian alps) were examined for paratuberculosis (johne's disease). specific dna amplification on mesenteric lymph nodes detected mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in 17 animals. ten of these red deer were tested for serum antibodies by the agid and elisa tests, nine being negative. three isolates from infected deer were genetically characterized by an arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction, and showe ... | 2000 | 11085463 |
| cilia-associated respiratory (car) bacillus infection in adult red deer, chamois, and roe deer. | cilia-associated respiratory (car) bacillus is an unclassified bacterium that colonizes the ciliated epithelium of airways in laboratory rats, laboratory mice, and laboratory and conventionally reared rabbits, cattle, goats, and pigs. data on the prevalence of car bacillus infection in wild animals are lacking. the present study demonstrated the occurrence of the organism in wild red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus), chamois (rupicapra rupicapra), and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) from the val ... | 2005 | 16107685 |
| experiences in deer sperm cryopreservation under practical conditions--a pilot study. | the genetic potential of the red and fallow deer populations in hungary is well known. conserving the variability in this excellent genetic material for game preservation is one of our most important task. the aim of the present pilot study was to test the logistical steps of a sperm processing and storing system in which deer sperm can be stored at a level that meets quality standards accepted for domestic animals. moreover, two different semen extenders, commercially used for freezing bull sem ... | 2005 | 16257607 |
| field evaluation of the efficacy of fenbendazole in captive wild ruminants. | the efficacy of in-feed fenbendazole at a dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg bodyweight for three consecutive days was assessed in five arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx), six scimitar-horned oryx (oryx dammah), 14 slender-horned gazelles (gazella leptoceros), eight soay sheep (ovis aries aries soay), 13 alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex), six red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) and 11 nelson's elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) kept in five herds in a zoo. the efficacy was assessed by means of repeated faecal egg count r ... | 2005 | 16272545 |
| infections caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies avium, hominissuis, and paratuberculosis in free-ranging red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) in austria, 2001-2004. | between 2001 and 2004, 14 austrian free-ranging red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) infected by mycobacterium avium species were observed. eight of the cases were from different geographical regions, and six originated from the same hunting area. the affected animals had signs of diarrhea, severe weight loss, and emaciation. on post-mortem examination, lymphadenitis associated with grossly enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes as well as multiple caseous or purulent nodular lesions in the thickened ... | 2006 | 17255438 |
| a 12-month survey of gastrointestinal helminth infections of cervids kept in two zoos in belgium. | infections with helminths are a major health issue in captive and wild deer. in this study, fecal egg count patterns and clinical signs associated with gastrointestinal nematodes were assessed for 12 mo in nine cervid herds kept under different husbandry conditions at two sites. at site 1, an urban zoo, fecal egg counts remained low and no clinical signs of parasitic gastroenteritis were seen in the herds of fallow deer (dama dama), dybowski's deer (cervus nippon dybowski), pudu (pudu pudu), and ... | 2005 | 17312767 |
| evaluation of three strategic parasite control programs in captive wild ruminants. | parasite control in wild ruminants is based mainly on anthelmintics. the objective of the present study was to evaluate three parasite control programs in seven herds of captive wild ruminants in 3 consecutive years. in the first year, a biannual spring-summer treatment regime with fenbendazole at 7.5 mg/kg body weight p.o. for 3 days was applied. the next year, an early-season treatment program with three administrations of fenbendazole at the same dosage at 3-wk intervals was used. in the thir ... | 2006 | 17312807 |
| the effect of conception date on gestation length of red deer (cervus elaphus). | recent studies have demonstrated that gestation length of red deer (cervus elaphus) is highly variable and influenced by various environmental factors, and this may confer survival advantages for neonates. the current study investigated the relationship between conception date and gestation length to test the hypothesis that within-herd synchrony of red deer births is facilitated by a 'push/pull' control over gestation length, such that hinds conceiving early and late in the breeding season have ... | 2008 | 18178346 |
| total intravenous anesthesia with midazolam, ketamine, and xylazine or detomidine following induction with tiletamine, zolazepam, and xylazine in red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) undergoing surgery. | sixteen captive female red deer were successfully anesthetized to surgically implant a telemetry system. the deer were immobilized with (mean±sd) 1.79±0.29 mg/kg xylazine and 1.79±0.29 mg/kg tiletamine/zolazepam given intramuscularly with a dart gun. anesthesia was maintained for 69±2 min using a total intravenous protocol with a catheter placed in the jugular vein. group x received xylazine (0.5±0.055 mg/kg/hr) and group d, detomidine (2±0.22 μg/kg/hr), both in combination with ketamine (2±0.02 ... | 2010 | 20966270 |
| seasonal luteal cyclicity of pubertal and adult red deer (cervus elaphus). | reproductive failure of rising-two-year-old (r(2)) hinds and seasonal misalignment between calving and pastoral feed production are two factors limiting reproductive productivity of farmed red deer hinds in new zealand. this study aimed to better understand processes around female puberty and breeding seasonality by describing the potential breeding season (i.e., oestrous cyclicity) of three red deer genotypes. a total of 27 hinds born in december 2005, representing eastern european (cervus elap ... | 2011 | 21497465 |
| complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a hungarian red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) from high-throughput sequencing data and its phylogenetic position within the family cervidae. | recently, there has been considerable interest in genetic differentiation in the cervidae family. a common tool used to determine genetic variation in different species, breeds and populations is mitochondrial dna analysis, which can be used to estimate phylogenetic relationships among animal taxa and for molecular phylogenetic evolution analysis. with the development of sequencing technology, more and more mitochondrial sequences have been made available in public databases, including whole mit ... | 2016 | 27165525 |
| constructing str multiplexes for individual identification of hungarian red deer. | red deer is the most valuable game of the fauna in hungary, and there is a strong need for genetic identification of individuals. for this purpose, 10 tetranucleotide str markers were developed and amplified in two 5-plex systems. the study presented here includes the flanking region sequence analysis and the allele nomenclature of the 10 loci as well as the pcr optimization of the deerplex i and ii. ld pairwise tests and cross-species similarity analyses showed the 10 loci to be independently i ... | 2014 | 24512288 |
| winter ecology of nonmigratory alpine red deer. | in winter, red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) that are not receiving supplementary feeding emphasize and rely on energy-saving strategies. in severe winters with deep snow, they select a home-range habitat-windblown alpine pastures above the timberline-that meets the requirements of this strategy: a much lower sinking depth and good forage availability are due to patchy snow distribution, while the open area provides higher radiation, permits group formation and thus sociobiological wellbeing ... | 1993 | 28312946 |